Academic literature on the topic 'Beijing yin chao chang'

AbstractBased upon current knowledge of the Yin Oracle-Bone Inscriptions, this article argues that potential inscriptional records of the total lunar eclipse on June 16, 2011, which was observable in Beijing, could only be the same as those of the lunar eclipse recorded in Yingcang 885/886 and that lunar eclipse inscriptions on those two rubbings of Yingcang were records of an eclipse like the one on June 16, 2011. Both eclipses began sometime after midnight and ended shortly after sunrise. Between 1400 b.c.e. and 1148 b.c.e., only the lunar eclipse on August 14, 1166 b.c.e. could match the time and ganzhi dates of the eclipse in Yingcang 885/886. In 1998, Chang Yuzhi and I independently put forward this view. In this article, I reach the same conclusion by means of an innovative method.

Abstract It is reported that long-term use of estrogen could increase the risk of ovarian cancer. However, the role of estrogen in immunoevasion is not fully explored. We have previously demonstrated that estrogen-mediated upregulation of E2F6, and, c-Kit, by epigenetic silencing of miR-193a, and a competing endogenous (ceRNA) mechanism. In this study, we found that PBX1, a transcriptional activator of the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10, is also a target of miR-193a. Importantly, overexpression of the E2F6 3’UTR upregulates both E2F6 and, PBX1, as well as IL10 in ovarian cancer cell lines, suggesting that ceRNA mechanism exists between E2F6 and PBX1. These phenomena are further supported by our stochastic simulation of the estrogen-mediated E2F6 ceRNA network on the distribution of E2F6 and PBX1 mRNA in cancer cells, which is consistent with the TCGA ovarian cancer RNA-Seq dataset. Importantly, monocyte-derived dendritic cell activation of T-cell function was inhibited by pretreatment of conditioned media derived from ovarian cancer cells overexpressing E2F6 3’UTR; such inhibition was rescueable by an anti-IL-10 antibody. Clinically, IL10 level was higher in ovarian cancer patients with higher E2F6 and PBX1, and in ovarian cancer cell lines overexpressed with E2F6 3’UTR. Taken together, these results showed that E2F6 could suppress anti-tumor immune response of dendritic cell, E2F6 ceRNA network. Epigenetic intervention in restoring the expression of miR-193a may be able to enhance anti-tumor immune response against ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Michael W.Y. Chan, Yin-Chen Chen, Ching-Wen Lin, Frank Cheng, Ching-Cher Sanders Yan, Chao-Ping Hsu, Yu-Min Chuang, Jie-Ting Low, Xiaojing Ma, Yao-Ting Huang, Chia-Bin Chang, Chin Li, Hung-Cheng Lai, Shu-Fen Wu, Shih-Hsun Hung, Je-Chiang Tsai. A E2F6 ceRNA network suppresses dendritic cell function, via PBX1/IL-10 signaling, in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 97.

Abstract Background: T-1101, a novel small molecule, is the first-in-class oral agent that specifically disrupts the interaction between two commonly overexpressed, critical mitotic regulators, Hec1 and Nek2, within cancer cells. Such disruption leads to abnormal mitosis followed by apoptosis of cancer cells and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. T-1101, with growth inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranging from14 to 74 nM across various human cancer cell lines, exhibited potent anti-liver and breastcancer activities in vivo, and highly active (IC50 7-19 nM) in MDR (multiple drugresistance) expressing cell lines. The effective inhibitory dose of T-1101 was determined to be between 10 and 25 mg/kg twice a day in xenograft animal models. Moreover, T-1101 has synergistic activity when combined with other anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin, topotecan and paclitaxel etc. Clinically, oral powder for constitution (OPC) form was first used in the initial study. To improve better patient compliance, the capsule (CAP) form is then deployed in current T-1101’s phase 1 study. Methods: Two T-1101 oral formulations (OPC and CAP) have been designed for the first-in-human, multi-center, open-label, dose-escalation studies to evaluate the safety, tolerability and establish the Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) in subjects with advanced refractory solid tumors. The secondary objectives are to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and therapeutic response after receiving treatment. DLT was determined within the first treatment cycle. Patients showing clinical benefit after first 2cycles of T-1101may enter extension cohort to continue the treatment. In OPC 3+3 escalation study (NCT03195764, NCT03349073), T-1101 was administered orally once daily, days 1 to 14 every 21 days per cycle with 8 planned dose levels at dose of 9, 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108 to 126 mg/m2. The OPC study was terminated at 36 mg/m2 before the primary endpoint (determination of maximum tolerated dose; MTD) was reached and subsequent dosing level will be evaluated with the CAP formulation. Based on the 52% of relative oral bioavailability (%F) of CAP versus OPC in preclinical Beagle dogs’ PK study, the starting dose of CAP form of T-1101 was determined at 100 mg daily forconsecutive 28-day per cycle for 2 cycles with dose levels of 100, 200, 225, 250, 300 and 350 mg/day. The accelerated titration and Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN) designs are used for the T-1101 capsule dose escalation study (NCT04685473), in which one subject will be enrolled per dose level until one subject have DLT or two subjects experience ≥ Grade 2 drug-related AE during Cycle 1 at any dose level, then the dose escalation will follow the BOIN design. Cohorts 1 (100 mg/day) 2 (200 mg/day) and 3 (225 mg/day) have been completed without DLT. As of November 2023, the trial remains open to enrollment. Citation Format: Wu-Chou Su, Li-Yuan Bai, Hui-Hua Hsiao, Her-Shyong Shiah, Yu-Min Yeh, Shang-Hung Chen, Shang-Yin Wu, Hui-Ching Wang, Hui-Jen Tsai, Kwang-Yu Chang, Jui-Hung Tsai, Chun-Hui Lee, Chieh Hua Lee, Yu-Sheng Chao, Li-Tzong Chen. Trial in progress: Phase 1 dose escalation study of T-1101, a first-in-class oral Hec1/Nek2 inhibitor, in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr CT167.

Underwater acoustic signature identification has been employed as a technique for detecting underwater vehicles, such as in anti-submarine warfare or harbour security systems. The underwater sound channel, however, has interference due to spatial variations in topography or sea state conditions and temporal variations in water column properties, which cause multipath and scattering in acoustic propagation. Thus, acoustic data quality control can be very challenging. One of challenges for an identification system is how to recognise the same target signature from measurements under different temporal and spatial settings. This paper deals with the above challenges by establishing an identification system composed of feature extraction, classification algorithms, and feature selection with two approaches to recognise the target signature of underwater radiated noise from a research vessel, Ocean Researcher III, with a bottom mounted hydrophone in five cruises in 2016 and 2017. The fundamental frequency and its power spectral density are known as significant features for classification. In feature extraction, we extract the features before deciding which is more significant from the two aforementioned features. The first approach utilises Polynomial Regression (PR) classifiers and feature selection by Taguchi method and analysis of variance under a different combination of factors and levels. The second approach utilises Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) selecting the optimised parameters of classifier via genetic algorithm. The real-time classifier of PR model is robust and superior to the RBFNN model in this paper. This suggests that the Automatic Identification System for Vehicles using Acoustic Signature developed here can be carried out by utilising harmonic frequency features extracted from unmasking the frequency bandwidth for ship noises and proves that feature extraction is appropriate for our targets. References Nathan D Merchant, Kurt M Fristrup, Mark P Johnson, Peter L Tyack, Matthew J Witt, Philippe Blondel, and Susan E Parks. Measuring acoustic habitats. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6(3):257265, 2015. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12330. Nathan D Merchant, Philippe Blondel, D Tom Dakin, and John Dorocicz. Averaging underwater noise levels for environmental assessment of shipping. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 132(4):EL343EL349, 2012. doi:10.1121/1.4754429. Chi-Fang Chen, Hsiang-Chih Chan, Ray-I Chang, Tswen-Yung Tang, Sen Jan, Chau-Chang Wang, Ruey-Chang Wei, Yiing-Jang Yang, Lien-Siang Chou, Tzay-Chyn Shin, et al. Data demonstrations on physical oceanography and underwater acoustics from the marine cable hosted observatory (macho). In OCEANS, 2012-Yeosu, pages 16. IEEE, 2012. doi:10.1109/OCEANS-Yeosu.2012.6263639. Sauda Sadaf P Yashaswini, Soumya Halagur, Fazil Khan, and Shanta Rangaswamy. A literature survey on ambient noise analysis for underwater acoustic signals. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Sciences, 1(7):19, 2015. doi:10.26472/ijces.v1i7.37. Shuguang Wang and Xiangyang Zeng. Robust underwater noise targets classification using auditory inspired time-frequency analysis. Applied Acoustics, 78:6876, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2013.11.003. LG Weiss and TL Dixon. Wavelet-based denoising of underwater acoustic signals. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(1):377383, 1997. doi:10.1121/1.417983. Timothy Alexis Bodisco, Jason D'Netto, Neil Kelson, Jasmine Banks, Ross Hayward, and Tony Parker. Characterising an ecg signal using statistical modelling: a feasibility study. ANZIAM Journal, 55:3246, 2014. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v55i0.7818. José Ribeiro-Fonseca and Luís Correia. Identification of underwater acoustic noise. In OCEANS'94.'Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation.'Proceedings, volume 2, pages II/597II/602 vol. 2. IEEE. Linus YS Chiu and Hwei-Ruy Chen. Estimation and reduction of effects of sea surface reflection on underwater vertical channel. In Underwater Technology Symposium (UT), 2013 IEEE International, pages 18. IEEE, 2013. doi:10.1109/UT.2013.6519874. G.M. Wenz. Acoustic ambient noise in the ocean: spectra and sources. Thesis, 1962. doi:10.1121/1.1909155. Donald Ross. Mechanics of underwater noise. Elsevier, 2013. doi:10.1121/1.398685. Chris Drummond and Robert C Holte. Exploiting the cost (in) sensitivity of decision tree splitting criteria. In ICML, volume 1, 2000. Charles Elkan. The foundations of cost-sensitive learning. In International joint conference on artificial intelligence, volume 17, pages 973978. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd, 2001. Chris Gillard, Alexei Kouzoubov, Simon Lourey, Alice von Trojan, Binh Nguyen, Shane Wood, and Jimmy Wang. Automatic classification of active sonar echoes for improved target identification. Douglas C Montgomery. Design and analysis of experiments. John wiley and sons, 2017. doi:10.1002/9781118147634. G Taguchi. Off-line and on-line quality control systems. In Proceedings of International Conference on Quality Control, 1978. Sheng-Ju Wu, Sheau-Wen Shiah, and Wei-Lung Yu. Parametric analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance by using the taguchi method and a neural network. Renewable Energy, 34(1):135144, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.03.006. Genichi Taguchi. Introduction to quality engineering: designing quality into products and processes. Technical report, 1986. doi:10.1002/qre.4680040216. Richard Horvath, Gyula Matyasi, and Agota Dregelyi-Kiss. Optimization of machining parameters for fine turning operations based on the response surface method. ANZIAM Journal, 55:250265, 2014. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v55i0.7865. Chuan-Tien Li, Sheng-Ju Wu, and Wei-Lung Yu. Parameter design on the multi-objectives of pem fuel cell stack using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithms. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(9):45024515, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.034. Antoine Guisan, Thomas C Edwards Jr, and Trevor Hastie. Generalized linear and generalized additive models in studies of species distributions: setting the scene. Ecological modelling, 157(2-3):89100, 2002. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00204-1. Sheng Chen, Colin FN Cowan, and Peter M Grant. Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function networks. IEEE Transactions on neural networks, 2(2):302309, 1991. doi:10.1109/72.80341. Howard Demuth and Mark Beale. Neural network toolbox for use with matlab-user's guide verion 4.0. 1993. Janice Gaffney, Charles Pearce, and David Green. Binary versus real coding for genetic algorithms: A false dichotomy? ANZIAM Journal, 51:347359, 2010. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v51i0.2776. Daniel May and Muttucumaru Sivakumar. Techniques for predicting total phosphorus in urban stormwater runoff at unmonitored catchments. ANZIAM Journal, 45:296309, 2004. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v45i0.889. Chang-Xue Jack Feng, Zhi-Guang Yu, and Andrew Kusiak. Selection and validation of predictive regression and neural network models based on designed experiments. IIE Transactions, 38(1):1323, 2006. doi:10.1080/07408170500346378. Yin-Ying Fang, Ping-Jung Sung, Kai-An Cheng, Meng Fan Tsai, and Chifang Chen. Underwater radiated noise measurement of ocean researcher 3. In The 29th Taiwan Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Conference, 2017. Yin-Ying Fang, Chi-Fang Chen, and Sheng-Ju Wu. Analysis of vibration and underwater radiated noise of ocean researcher 3. In The 30th Taiwan Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Conference, 2018. Det Norske Veritas. Rules for classification of ships new buildings special equipment and systems additional class part 6 chapter 24 silent class notation. Rules for Classification of ShipsNewbuildings, 2010. Underwater acousticsquantities and procedures for description and measurement of underwater sound from ships-part 1requirements for precision measurements in deep water used for comparison purposes. (ISO 17208-1:2012), 2012. Bureau Veritas. Underwater radiated noise, rule note nr 614 dt r00 e. Bureau Veritas, 2014. R.J. Urick. Principles of underwater sound, volume 3. McGraw-Hill New York, 1983. Lars Burgstahler and Martin Neubauer. New modifications of the exponential moving average algorithm for bandwidth estimation. In Proc. of the 15th ITC Specialist Seminar, 2002. Bishnu Prasad Lamichhane. Removing a mixture of gaussian and impulsive noise using the total variation functional and split bregman iterative method. ANZIAM Journal, 56:5267, 2015. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v56i0.9316. Chao-Ton Su. Quality engineering: off-line methods and applications. CRC press, 2016. Jiju Antony and Mike Kaye. Experimental quality: a strategic approach to achieve and improve quality. Springer Science and Business Media, 2012. Ozkan Kucuk, Tayeb Elfarah, Serkan Islak, and Cihan Ozorak. Optimization by using taguchi method of the production of magnesium-matrix carbide reinforced composites by powder metallurgy method. Metals, 7(9):352, 2017. doi:10.3390/met7090352. G Taguchi. System of experimental design, quality resources. New York, 108, 1987. Gavin C Cawley and Nicola LC Talbot. Efficient leave-one-out cross-validation of kernel fisher discriminant classifiers. Pattern Recognition, 36(11):25852592, 2003. doi:10.1016/S0031-3203(03)00136-5.

Introdução: O número crescente de infecções causadas por fungos e o surgimento de microrganismos resistentes tem sinalizado a necessidade da busca por novos agentes antifúngicos, fomentando a pesquisa em moléculas promissoras, como os O-glicosídeos. Objetivo: Partindo dessa premissa, objetivamos a síntese e investigação da atividade antifúngica do benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo isolado e quando associado com a anfotericina B. Material e métodos: Inicialmente foi sintetizado o benzil 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo a partir da reação entre o 3,4,6-tri-O-acetil-D-glucal e álcool benzílico via catálise ácida e irradiação ultrassônica seguida por sua hidrólise em meio básico para levar ao benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo. Este foi submetido à avaliação antifúngica por meio do método da microdiluição em caldo e estudo da associação com a anfotericina B pelo método de Checkerboard. Resultados: O benzil 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo e o benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo foram obtidos em excelentes rendimentos 91 e 94 %, respectivamente. O benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo apresentou atividade antifúngica apenas contra as cepas de Candida albicans ATCC 76615, Candida albicans ATCC 76485 e Candida guilliermondiiLM 103, e sua associação com a anfotericina B foi classificada como indiferente. Conclusão: Estes resultados possibilitam futuros estudos envolvendo esta classe de moléculas, avaliação dos possíveis mecanismos de ação e avaliar outras atividades biológicas, uma vez que esta classe molecular sustenta a expectativa de baixa toxicidade, devido ao seu padrão de biocompatibilidade. Descritores: Síntese Química; Metabolismo dos Carboidratos; Fungos; Candida. Referências Silva S, Negri M, Henriques M, Oliveira R, Williams DW, Azeredo J. Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36:288-305. Vieira AJH, Santos JI. Mecanismos de resistência de Candida albicans aos antifúngicos anfotericina B, fluconazol e caspofungina. RBAC. 2017;49:235-9. De Rossi T, Lozovoy MAB, Silva RV, Fernandes EV, Geraldino TH, Costa IC, et al. Interações entre Candida albicans e Hospedeiro. Semina: Cienc Biol Saude. 2011;32:15-28. Ashong CN, Hunter AS, Mansouri MD, Cadle RM, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of candidemia at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Int J Health Sci. 2017;11:18-23. Kung HC, Huang PY, Chen WT, Ko BS, Chen YC, Chang SC, et al. 2016 guidelines for the use of antifungal agents in patients with invasive fungal diseases in Taiwan. J microbiol Immunol infect. 2018;51:1-17. Patil S, Rao RS, Raj AT, Sanketh DS, Sarode S, Sarode G. Oral Candidal Carriage in Subjects with Pure Vegetarian and Mixed Dietary Habits. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:22-4. Khan H, Khan Z, Amin S, Mabkhot YN, Mubarak MS, Hadda TB, et al. Plant bioactive molecules bearing glycosides as lead compounds for the treatment of fungal infection: A review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;93:498-509. Guzzetti LB, Cecília M, Vescina M, Gil F, Gatti BM. Candidemias en pediatría: distribución de especies y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017;49:320-2. Wiederhold NP. Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat. Infect Drug Resist. 2017;10:249-59. World Health Organization. WHO/EMP/IAU/2017.11. 2017. Acesso em: 04 Fev 2019. Disponível em: www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/antibacterial_agents Lúcio Neto MP. Avaliação tóxica, citotóxica, genotóxica e mutagênica do composto 3-(2-cloro-6-flurobenzil) – imidazolidina-2,4-diona em células eucarióticas. Teresina. Dissertação [Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas] – Universidade Federal do Piauí; 2011. Toshima K, Ishizuka T, Matsuo G, Nakata M. Practical Glycosidation Method of Glycals Using Montmorillonite K-10 as an Environmentally Acceptable and Inexpensive Industrial Catalyst. Chem Ver. 1995;4:306-8. Freitas JCR, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated-O-Glycosides promoted by TeBr4. J Braz Chem Soc. 2010;21:2169-72. Freitas JCR, Couto TR, Paulino AAS, Freitas Filho JR, Malvestiti I, Oliveira RA, et al. Stereoselective synthesis of pseudoglycosides catalyzed by TeCl4 under mild conditions. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:8645-54. Regueira JLLF, Dantas CR, Freitas JJR, Silva AJFS, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH, et al. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Pseudoglycosides Promoted by Ultrasound. Synthesis. 2016;48:1069-78. Moura AL, Lima LMA, Bezerra GB, Freitas JJR, Belian MF, Ramos CS, et al. O-glicosídeos 2,3-insaturados: aplicações, rearranjo de ferrier e reações. Quím Nova. 2018;41:550-66. Dantas CR. Síntese estereosseletiva e caracterização estrutural de compostos Z-eniínicos acoplados a pseudoglicosídeos. Recife. Dissertação [mestrado em química] – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; 2017. Nigudkar SS, Demchenko A,V. Stereocontrolled 1,2-cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci. 2015;6:2687-704. Silva RO, Freitas Filho JR, Freitas JCR. D-Glicose, uma Biomolécula Fascinante: História, Propriedades, Produção e Aplicação. Rev Virt Quim. 2018;10:875-91. Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev. 2016;116:1693-752. Lima JACL, Mata MMS, Silva RG, da Silva WE, Freitas JCR, Freitas Filho JR. Avanços Recentes na Química de C-Glicosídeos: Aplicaçao, Síntese e Reaçoes. Rev. Virt. Quim. 2018;10:900-39. Silva AF, Silva DA. Fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais mais dispensados em uma farmácia comercial do município de itaocara, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Biomed Bras. 2012;3:1-14. Costa AOC. Estudo in vitro e in silico da atividade antifúngica dos isômeros r-(+) e s-(-)citronelal sobre fungos do gênero Cryptococcus. João Pessoa. Dissertação [Mestrado em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos] – Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 2017. Perrin DD, Amarego WLF. Purifications of laboratory chemicals. 3 ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996. Santos CS, Dos Santos RS, Silva RO, Freitas Filho JR, Freitas JCR. Uma acetilação eficiente e econômica do 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropilideno-α-D-galactopiranose utilizando anidrido acético ativado in situ pela argila montmorilonita K10. Ceramica. 2018;64:616-22. Santos JAM, Santos CS, Almeida CLA, Silva TDS, Freitas Filho JR, Militão GCG, et al. Structure-based design, synthesis and antitumoral evaluation of enulosides. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;128:192-201. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M27-A3: reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. 3rd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008. Oliveira WA, Pereira FO, Luna GCDG, Lima IO, Wanderley PA, Lima RB, et al. Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor against Candida albicans.. Braz J Microbiol. 2011;42:433-41. Pippi B. Avaliação da capacidade de Candida parapsilosis e Candida glabrata desenvolverem resistência fenotípica à própolis vermelha brasileira e ao fluconazol e avaliação de sua atividade antifúngica em associação com fluconazol e anidulafungina. Porto Alegre. Dissertação [Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente] – Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2014. Doern CD. When Does 2 Plus 2 Equal 5? A Review of Antimicrobial Synergy Testing. J clin microbial. 2014;52:4124-8. Melo ACN, Oliveira RN, Freitas Filho JR, Silva T G, Srivastava RM. Synthesis of anti-inflammatory 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides using conventional and microwave heating techniques. Heterocycl Commun. 2017;23:205-11. Lima B. Anfotericina B pré-aquecida: avaliação da atividade frente a isolados clínicos de Candida spp. do HU-UFSC. Florianópolis. Dissertação [Mestrado em Farmácia] – Universidade de Santa Catarina; 2017. Cavalcanti IMF, Menezes TGC, Campos LAA, Ferraz MS, Maciel MAV, Caetano MNP, et al. Interaction study between vancomycin and liposomes containing natural compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2018;54:203-10. Targino CSPC. Estudo da atividade antifúngica e dos mecanismos de ação do peptídeo Ctn[15-34], um fragmento C-terminal da crotalicidina, derivado de uma catelicidina expressa nas glândulas de veneno de cascavéis. Fortaleza. Tese [Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas] – Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará; 2017. Spader TB. Avaliação da suscetibilidade de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa frente a associações de antifúngicos com fármacos diversos. Porto Alegre. Tese [Doutorado em Ciências Pneumológicas] – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2017. Guo J, Wang A, Yang K, Ding H, Hu Y, Yang Y, et al. Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activities of polyacetylene glycosides from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Phytochemistry. 2017;136:65-9. Dantas CR, de Freitas JJR, Barbosa QPS, Militão GCG, Silva TDS, da Silva TG, et al. Stereoselective Synthesis and Antitumoral Activity of Z-Enyne Pseudoglycosides Org Biomol Chem. 2016;14:6786-95. Qing-Hu W, Na-Ren-Chao-Ke-Tu H, Na-Yin-Tai D, Xiu-Lan W, Wu-Li-Ji AA. The structural elucidation and antimicrobial activities of two isoflavane glycosides from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao. J mol struct. 2014;1076:535-8. Soares GL, Santos CS, Freitas JCR, Oliveira WA. Síntese e avaliação do prop-2-in-1-il 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo contra espécies não albicans de Candida e resultados da associação com a anfotericina B ou com o cetoconazol Rev Pan-Amaz Saude. 2018;9:43-50.

e4912046This scoping exploratory review was aimed at analyzing the challenges that the so-called post-truth world represents for teaching in Ibero-Latin American higher education. With the increased access to online information media and social networks, netizens are increasingly exposed and may be more vulnerable to false or misleading information that seeks to generate action from emotions rather than reason (GOSWAMI, 2017, Chronicle of Higher Education). The reference search was carried out in the databases of SciELO and La Referencia, from which 26 titles out of 196 were selected. Combinations of terms such as social media, post-truth, fake news, fact-checking, education, higher education, university, teaching, critical thinking, and freedom of expression were used, with the Boolean “Y” connector. The analysis of the references resulted in six thematic categories: main concepts; realms of fake news; news verification initiatives and methods; theoretical analysis and its relationship with education; studies on the factors, perception and credibility of fake news; and addressing misinformation in higher education. The discussion presents the draft of a proposed pedagogical model to be used in higher education and to address misinformation. Includes: critical thinking habits, democratic dialogue, intellectual skepticism, research skills, use of reliable sources of information, and analysis from multiple perspectives.ResumoEsta revisão exploratória de escopo teve como objetivo analisar os desafios que o chamado mundo pós-verdade representa para o ensino na educação superior ibero-americana. Com o aumento do acesso às mídias de informação online e redes sociais, os internautas estão cada vez mais expostos e podem ficar mais vulneráveis a informações falsas ou enganosas que buscam gerar ações a partir de emoções ao invés da razão (GOSWAMI, 2017, Chronicle of Higher Education). A busca das referências foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e La Referencia, das quais foram selecionados 26 títulos em 196. Combinações de termos como mídia social, pós-verdade, notícias falsas, checagem de fatos, educação, ensino superior, universidade, ensino, pensamento crítico e liberdade de expressão foram usadas, com o conector booleano “Y”. A análise das referências resultou em seis categorias temáticas: conceitos principais; escopos de notícias falsas; iniciativas e métodos de verificação de notícias; análise teórica e sua relação com a educação; estudos sobre os fatores, percepção e credibilidade das notícias falsas; e aproximação a desinformação no ensino superior. A discussão apresenta o esboço de uma proposta de modelo pedagógico para ser usado no ensino superior e para lidar com a desinformação. Inclui: hábitos de pensamento crítico, diálogo democrático, ceticismo intelectual, habilidades de pesquisa, uso de fontes confiáveis de informação e análise de múltiplas perspectivas.ResumenEsta revisión exploratoria de alcance tuvo como fin analizar los desafíos que para la enseñanza en la educación superior iberoamericana representa lo que se denomina el mundo posfactual (post-truth). Con el incrementado acceso a medios de información en línea y las redes sociales, los cibernautas están cada vez más expuestos y pueden ser más vulnerables a información falsa o engañosa que busca generar acción a partir de las emociones antes que la razón (GOSWAMI, 2017, Chronicle of Higher Education). La búsqueda de referencias se efectuó en las bases de datos de SciELO y La Referencia, de la cual se seleccionaron 26 títulos de 196. Se usaron combinaciones de términos como redes sociales, posverdad, noticias falsas, verificación de hechos, educación, educación superior, universidad, enseñanza, pensamiento crítico y libertad de expresión, con el conector booleano “Y”. El análisis de las referencias dio como resultado seis categorías temáticas: conceptos principales; ámbitos de las noticias falsas; iniciativas y métodos de verificación de noticias; análisis teóricos y su relación con la educación; estudios sobre factores, percepción y credibilidad de las noticias falsas; y abordaje de la desinformación en la educación superior. En la discusión se presenta el borrador de un modelo pedagógico propuesto para ser utilizado en la educación superior y abordar la desinformación. Incluye: hábitos de pensamiento crítico, diálogo democrático, escepticismo intelectual, habilidades de investigación, uso de fuentes confiables de información y análisis de múltiples perspectivas.Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior, Modelo Pedagógico, Mundo Pós-Factual.Keywords: Higher Education, Pedagogical Model, Postfactual World.Palabras clave: Educación Superior, Modelo Pedagógico, Mundo Posfactual.ReferencesAGUIRRE, Juan Carlos; JARAMILLO, Luis Guillermo. La ciencia entre el objetivismo y el construccionismo. Cinta Moebio, v. 38, 2010, 72-90.AGUADO LÓPEZ, Eduardo; ROGEL SALAZAR, Rosario; GARDUÑO OROPEZA, Gustavo; et.al. Redalyc: una alternativa a las asimetrías en la distribución del conocimiento científico. Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, v. XIX n. 37, 2008, p. 11-30.ALPERÍN, Juan Pablo; BABINI, Dominique; FISCHMAN, Gustavo (editores). Open access indicators and scholarly communications in Latin America. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, UNESCO, FLACSO Brasil, PKP, SciELO, RedALyC, 2014. Disponível em: http://microblogging.infodocs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/alperin2014.pdf. Acesso em: 4 de outubro de 2020.ALTBACH, Philip G.; DE WIT, Hans. Nacionalismo: ¿El fin de la internacionalización de la educación? Nexos. 8 mar 2017. Disponível em: https://educacion.nexos.com.mx/?p=480. Acesso em: 6 de outubro de 2020.ÁLVAREZ RUFS, Manuel. Estado del arte: Posverdad y fakenews (tesis de maestría). Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2018. Disponível em: http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/view/bibliuned:masterComEdred-Malvarez. Acesso em: 30 de setembro de 2020.AMARAL FILHO, Nemézio. Tecnologias e a crise da democracia: desafios à práctica e ao ensino do Jornalismo no Brasil. Correspondencias Análisis. n. 10, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.24265/cian.2019.n10.02. Acesso em: 28 de setembro de 2020.ARENDT, Hannah. Los orígenes del totalitarismo. Madrid: Santillana, 1998.BACON, Chris C. Appropriated literacies: the paradox of critical literacies, policies, and methodologies in a post-truth era. Education Policy Analysis Archives, v. 26, n. 147, 18 nov. 2018. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.3377. Acesso em: 10 de outubro de 2020.CARLSON, Scott. How real-world learning could help people compete with machines. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 20 nov. 2017. Disponível em: https://www-chronicle-com.pitt.idm.oclc.org/article/How-Real-World-Learning-Could/241811. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.CATALINA-GARCÍA, Beatriz; SOUSA, Jorge Pedro; SOUSA, Li-Chang Shuen Cristina Silva. Consumo de noticias y percepción de fake news entre estudiantes de Comunicación de Brasil, España y Portugal. Revista de Comunicación, v. 18, n. 2, 2019, p. 93-115. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.26441/rc18.2-2019-a5. Acesso em: 8 de outubro de 2020.DAVID, Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal; MARTÍNEZ-RIERA, José Ramón. Fake news and small truths: a reflection on the political competence of nurses. Texto Contexto - Enfermagem, v. 29, 2020, e20190224. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2019-0224. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.DE WIT, Hans; JARAMILLO, Isabel Christina; GACEL-ÁVILA, Jocelyne; KNIGHT, Jane. Higher education in Latin America. The international dimension. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2005.DELGADO, Jorge Enrique. Journal publication in Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela: University responses to global, regional, and national pressures and tensions (doctoral dissertation). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh, School of Education, Department of Administrative and Policy Studies, 2011. Disponível em: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9049/. Acesso em: 4 de outubro de 2020.DELMAZO, Caroline; VALENTE, Jonas C. L. Fake news nas redes sociais online: propagação e reações à desinformação em busca de cliques. Media Jornalismo, v. 18, n. 32, 2018, p. 155-169. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S2183-54622018000100012lng=pttlng=pt. Acesso em: 26 de setembro de 2020.DOMINGUES, Vanessa dos Reis. Ensino da história do tempo presente na era das redes sociais (tesis de maestria). Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/197053. Acesso em: 20 de setembro de 2020 .DUFFY, Eric. Does college prepare students for the real world? Quora, 9 sep. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2017/09/09/does-college-prepare-students-for-the-real-world/#7d1c40fb42df. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020EDMANS, Alex. What to trust in a post-truth world (video). TEDxLondonBusinessSchool, may 2017. Disponível em: https://www.ted.com/talks/. Acesso em: 4 de outubro de 2020.FERNÁNDEZ-SÁNCHEZ, H.; KING, K.; ENRÍQUEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, C. B. Revisiones sistemáticas exploratorias como metodología para la síntesis del conocimiento científico. Enfermería Universitaria, v. 17, n. 1, 2020, p. 88-94. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.697. Acesso em: 4 de outubro de 2020.FERREIRA, Alexandre; CARVALHO, Tiago; ANDALÓ, Fernanda; ROCHA, Anderson. Counteracting the contemporaneous proliferation of digital forgeries and fake news. Anais de Academia Brasileira de Ciências, v. 91, suppl. 1, 2019, e20180149. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180149. Acesso em: 10 de outubro de 2020.GABRIEL, Deborah. Pedagogies of social justice and cultural democracy in media higher education. Media Education Research Journal, v. 8, n. 1, 2017, p. 35-48.GARMAN, Noreen B. Challenge in education and society coursework: walking the path of social justice and democracy through dialogue. A pedagogical trope. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh, jan 2007.GOMES, Sheila Freitas; PENNA, Juliana Coelho Braga de Oliveira. ARROIO, Agnaldo. Fake news científicas: percepção, persuasão e letramento. Ciência Educação (Bauru), v. 26, e20018, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-731320200018. Acesso em: 12 de outubro de 2020.GOSWAMI, Ranjit. The role of universities in the post-truth era. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 31 mar. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20170327230152935. Acesso em: 28 de setembro de 2020.GUIRAO GORIS, Silamani J. Adolf. Utilidad y tipos de revisión de literatura. Ene Revista de Enfermería, v. 9, n. 2, 2015. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1988-348X2015000200002. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.HAMEL, Rainer Enrique. La riqueza y la validez de las lenguas indígenas en el siglo XXI. En: CLACSO (editor). Celebrando las lenguas originarias de América. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2020. Disponível em: http://lenguasindigenas.clacso.org/Lenguas_Indigenas_PDF.pdf. Acesso em: 20 de outubro de 2020.HAN, Jialing; DELGADO, Jorge Enrique; XIANG, Xin; et.al. Education of migrant children: a portrait of seven countries with comparative analysis. In: HAN, Jialing (editor). A multi-country study on the education of migrant children. Beijing, China: 21st Century Education Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, nov. 2017, p. 1-5.Iniciativa de las Naciones Unidas para el Aprendizaje sobre el Cambio Climático (UN CC:LEARN). ¿Cómo las universidades pueden tomar en cuenta el cambio climático? Ginebra, Suiza: Instituto de las Naciones Unidas para Formación Profesional e Investigaciones (UNITAR), 14 sep. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.uncclearn.org/es/noticias/como-las-universidades-pueden-tomar-en-cuenta-el-cambio-climatico. Acesso em: 4 de outubro de 2020.IRETON, Cherilyn; POSETTI, Julie. Journalism, fake news disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training. Paris: UNESCO, 2018.JIMÉNEZ I HERNANDO, Albert. La prensa como generador de pensamiento crítico (tesis de maestría). Pamplona: Universidad Pública de Navarra, 2020.KOONCE, Glenn L. Are truly democratic classrooms possible? In: Glenn L. Koonce, Taking sides. Clashing vies on educational issues, 8th edition. McGraw-Hill: 2014, p. 79-91.LÓPEZ BORRULL, Alexandre; VIVES GRÀCIA, Josep; BADELL GUIJARRO, Joan Isidre. Fake news, ¿Amenaza u oportunidad para los profesionales de la información y la documentación? El Profesional de la Información, v. 27, n. 6, 2018, p. 1346-1356. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.nov.17. Acesso em: 4 de outubro de 2020.LOUREIRO, Robson; GONÇALVES, Emerson Campos. (Semi)formação no contexto das fake news e da pós-verdade na sociedade excitada - de Adorno a Türcke. Educação em Revista, v. 37, e225778, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-4698225778. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.MARTÍNEZ-CARDAMA, Sara; ALGORA-CANCHO, Laura. Lucha contra la desinformación desde las bibliotecas universitarias. El Profesional de la Información, v. 28, n. 4, 2019, 3280412. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.jul.12. Acesso em: 26 de setembro de 2020.MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ, Diego; LÓPEZ, Beliji Lileth; MANCO VEGA, Alejandra; ALIAGA, Francisco M.; DELGADO, Jorge Henrique; TEJADA-GÓMEZ, María-Alejandra; ROMERO, Cristina. Acceso, uso y publicación en revistas científicas entre los investigadores en ciencias sociales de Latinoamérica. 2014. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1041561. Acesso em: 20 de setembro de 2020.MCMURTRIE, Beth. Can the lecture be saved? The Chronicle of Higher Education, 3 oct. 2019. Disponível em: https://www-chronicle-com.pitt.idm.oclc.org/article/Can-the-Lecture-Be-Saved-/247268. Acesso em: 28 de setembro de 2020.MENDIGUREN, Terese; PÉREZ DASILVA, Jesús; MESO AYERDI, Koldobika. Actitud ante las Fake News: Estudio del caso de los estudiantes de la Universidad del País Vasco. Revista de Comunicación, v. 19, n. 1, 2020, p. 171-184. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.26441/rc19.1-2020-a10. Acesso em: 12 de outubro de 2020.MOLLIS, Marcela. Geopolítica del saber: biografías recientes de las universidades latinoamericanas. En: VESSURI, Hebe (editora). Universidad e investigación científica. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, nov. 2006.MORENO-FLEITAS, Olga Elizabeth. La divulgación de la información en la encrucijada de la crisis del COVID-19 en Paraguay. Reacciones y trasmisión de datos falsos y científicos a través de las redes sociales y los medios masivos. Revista de la Sociedad Científica del Paraguay, v. 25, n. 1, 2020, p. 58-85. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.32480/rscp.2020-25-1.58-85. Acesso em: 12 de outubro de 2020.MUÑOZ, Manuel Ramiro. Pertinencia y nuevos roles de la educación superior en la región. En: TÜNNERMANN BERNHEIM, Carlos (editor). La educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe: diez años después de la conferencia mundial de 1998. Cali, Colombia: IESALC-UNESCO, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2008, p. 166-198.MURIEL-TORRADO, Enrique; PEREIRA, Danielle Borges. Correlations between the concepts of disinformation and Fogg’s Behavior Model. Transinformação, v. 32, 2020, e200026. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0889202032e200026. Acesso em: 14 de outubro de 2020.NOAIN SÁNCHEZ, A. Periodismo de confirmación vs. desinformación: Verificado18 y las elecciones mexicanas de 2018. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación. V. 43, n. 1, 2019, p. 95-114. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2019.i43.05. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.OJEDA COPA, Alex; PEREDO RODRÍGUEZ, Valeria. Convergencia entre desinformación política y social en el conflicto electoral de 2019 en Bolivia. Temas Sociales. N. 46, 2020, p. 98-126. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0040-29152020000100005lng=estlng=es. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.ORELLANA BENADO, M. E. Fabricando "verdades", ocultando la historia y "haciendo" universidad. Atenea (Concepción), n. 522, 2020. p. 307-314. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.29393/at522-110fvmo10110. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.OTERO, Vanessa. Media Bias Chart ® 5.1. Lafayette, CO: Ad Fontes Media, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.adfontesmedia.com/?v=402f03a963ba. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.PANGRAZIO, Luci. What’s new about ‘fake news’? Critical digital literacies in an era of fake news, post-truth and clickbait. Páginas de Educación, v. 11, n. 1, 2018, p. 6-22. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.22235/pe.v11i1.1551. Acesso em: 28 de setembro de 2020.POWELL, Justin J. W.; FERNANDEZ, Frank; CRIST, John T.; et.al. Introduction: the worldwide triumph of the research university and globalizing science. En: POWELL, Justin J. W.; FERNANDEZ, Frank; BAKER, David P. (editors). The century of science: the global triumph of the research university. Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2017, p. 1-36.PROCON.ORG. Home (website). Santa Mónica, CA: ProCon.org, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.procon.org/. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP). Home (internet). Southampton: University of Southampton, School of Electronics and Computer Science, 2020. Disponível em: http://roarmap.eprints.org/. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.RIPOLL, Leonardo; CANTO, Fábio Lorensi do. Fake news going viral: legal responsibility on the dissemination of misinformation. Revista Brasileira de Biblioteconomia e Documentação, v. 15, 2019. Disponível em: https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/view/1364. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.RODRIGUES, Theófilo; FERREIRA, Daniel. Estratégias digitais dos populismos de esquerda e de direita: Brasil e Espanha em perspectiva comparada. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada, v. 59, n. 2, 2020, p. 1070-1086. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01031813715921620200520. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.RODRÍGUEZ PÉREZ, Carlos. Una reflexión sobre la epistemología del fact-checking journalism: retos y dilemas. Revista de Comunicación, v. 19, n. 1, 2020, p. 243-258. Disponível em: https://dx.doi.org/10.26441/rc19.1-2020-a14. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.SAFORCADA, Fernanda; ATAIRO, Daniela; TROTTA, Lucía; et.al. Tendencias de privatización y mercantilización de la universidad en América Latina. Los casos de Argentina, Chile, Perú y República Dominicana. Buenos Aires: Instituto de Estudios y Capacitación - CONADU, 2019.SANTOS, Gustavo Ferreira. Social media, disinformation, and regulation of the electoral process: a study based on 2018 Brazilian election experience. Revista de Investigações Constitucionais, v. 7, n. 2, 2020, p. 429-449. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5380/rinc.v7i2.71057. Acesso em: 5 de dezembro de 2020.SEKULLICH, Daniel. Science struggling against fake news and fact deniers. University World News, 19 jun. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190619112503915. Acesso em: 28 de setembro de 2020.STEPHENSON, Grace Karram. Finding new paths to discover and tell the truth. University World News, 22 jun. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190621075859877. Acesso em: 28 de setembro de 2020. SVETLIK, David. When the academic world and the real world meet. Thought Action (NEA), n. Fall, 2007, p. 47-55. Disponível em: http://www.nea.org/assets/img/PubThoughtAndAction/TAA_07_06.pdf. Acesso em: 26 de setembro de 2020.TORRES, Carlos Alberto; SCHUGURENSKY, Daniel. The political economy of Higher Education in the era of neoliberal globalization: Latin America in comparative perspective. Higher Education, v. 43, jun. 2002, p. 429-455. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015292413037. Acesso em: 26 de setembro de 2020.TRIVIÑO CABRERA, Laura; CHAVES GUERRERO, Elisa Isabel. Cuando la Postmodernidad es un metarrelato más, ¿en qué educación ciudadana formar al profesorado? REIDICS Revista de Investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, n.7, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.17398/2531-0968.07.82. Acesso em: 4 de dezembro de 2020.VARGAS, Claudio H. La jornada Aguascalientes: Los años por venir/extravíos. La Jornada Aguascalientes, 30 sep. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.lja.mx/2019/09/la-jornada-aguascalientes-los-anos-por-venir-extravios/. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.VASCONCELLOS-SILVA, Paulo R., CASTIEL, Luis David. COVID-19, as fake news e o sono da razão comunicativa gerando monstros: a narrativa dos riscos e os riscos das narrativas. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 36, n. 7, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00101920. Acesso em: 2 de dezembro de 2020.VESSURI, Hebe. La ciencia y la educación superior en el proceso de internacionalización. Elementos de un marco conceptual para América Latina. UNESCO Forum Occasional Paper Series, n. 13/S, 2003.VIZOSO GARCÍA, Ángel Antonio; VÁZQUEZ HERRERO, Jorge. Plataformas de fact-checking en español. Características, organización y método. Communication Society, v. 32v, n. 1, 2019, p. 127-144. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.1.127-144. Acesso em: 14 de outubro de 2020.WHITTEMORE, Robin; CHAO, Ariana; JANG, Myoungock; et.al. Methods for knowledge synthesis. Heart Lung, v. 43, 2014, p. 453-461. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.05.014. Acesso em: 3 de dezembro de 2020.WORLD BANK. Lifelong learning in the global knowledge economy: Challenges for developing countries. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2003. Disponível em: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLL/Resources/Lifelong-Learning-in-the-Global-Knowledge-Economy/lifelonglearning_GKE.pdf. Acesso em: 2 de outubro de 2020.