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1
Bobrowski, Przemysław, Maciej Jórdeczka, Michał Kobusiewicz, Marek Chłodnicki, and Kusiak Jarosław. "What Forced the Prehistoric Cattle-Keepers to Emigrate from the Red Sea Mountains?" Studia Quaternaria 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/squa-2013-0014.
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Abstract Today’s desert area of Red Sea Hills is now inhabited by a Beja-Bisharin tribe, the camel breeders. In prehistoric times, this area was inhabited or penetrated by pastoral communities engaged in cattle breeding. Their occupation is primarily marked by thousands of engravings with representations of long-horned cattle, which were discovered in a rock art gallery in Bir Nurayet, one of the largest rock art galleries in Africa and the whole world. We still do not know when the shepherds and their herds abandoned the area. This issue can be addressed by geoarchaeology and investigation of sediments discovered in Wadi Diib, i.e. silts. As we believe, they record climate and environmental changes taking place in recent millennia, which probably to a large extent determined the socio-cultural processes in the area.
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Pylypchuk, Yaroslav. "Североафриканский фронтир: беджа и их соседи: North African Frontier: Bija and their neighbors." Historia i Świat, no. 8 (August 29, 2019): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2019.08.07.
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This paper deals with to the history of relations between the Bija with their neighbors. Bija were subjects of Ancient Egypt and Meroe. They are integrated into these societies without any problems and have been a vassal tribe of them. Beja were restless neighbors of the Roman Empire. They raided Upper Egypt during the III-V centuries AC. Attempts to establish a relationship with them like with the Berbers were unsuccessful. Particularly violent conflicts were a Bija with Christian states – Byzantium Empire, Nubia and Aksum. Some time Bija paid tribute to the Nubians and Axumites. Christianity did not get spread among them, Islam was adopted syncretic form after several centuries of contact with the Arabs. Islamization has been made possible thanks to the settlement of Arabs in the land Bija and participation in the Intercontinental trade. For all their neighbors were threatening nomadic Bija, which made raids to capture people in captivity and selling them into slavery. Bija attacked the Egyptian dominions of the Arab Caliphate, despite the fact that they were formally paid tribute to Arabs.
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Jyothi, Dr Dhruva B. "Social Relationship among Beda Tribes of Karnataka." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/january2014/59.
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Warma, Aly, Jacques G. Lussier, and Kalidou Ndiaye. "Tribbles Pseudokinase 2 (TRIB2) Regulates Expression of Binding Partners in Bovine Granulosa Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041533.
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Members of the Tribbles (TRIB) family of pseudokinases are critical components of intracellular signal transduction pathways in physiological and pathological processes. TRIBs, including TRIB2, have been previously shown as signaling mediators and scaffolding proteins regulating numerous cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation and cell death through protein stability and activity. However, the signaling network associated with TRIB2 and its binding partners in granulosa cells during ovarian follicular development is not fully defined. We previously reported that TRIB2 is differentially expressed in growing dominant follicles while downregulated in ovulatory follicles following the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. In the present study, we used the yeast two-hybrid screening system and in vitro coimmunoprecipitation assays to identify and confirm TRIB2 interactions in granulosa cells (GCs) of dominant ovarian follicles (DFs), which yielded individual candidate binding partners including calmodulin 1 (CALM1), inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA), inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 (INPPL1), 5′-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B (SDHB) and Ras-associated protein 14 (RAB14). Further analyses showed that all TRIB2 binding partners are expressed in GCs of dominant follicles but are differentially regulated throughout the different stages of follicular development. CRISPR/Cas9-driven inhibition along with pQE-driven overexpression of TRIB2 showed that TRIB2 differently regulates expression of binding partners, which reveals the importance of TRIB2 in the control of gene expression linked to various biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell migration, apoptosis, calcium signaling and metabolism. These data provide a larger view of potential TRIB2-regulated signal transduction pathways in GCs and provide strong evidence that TRIB2 may act as a regulator of target genes during ovarian follicular development.
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Basak, Jayasri, Deboshree Majumdar, Nabamita Pal, Sanghita Paul, Soma Mukhopadhyay, and Ashis Mukhopadhyay. "Effort to Protect Totos, the Smallest Tribe in the World." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.5113.5113.
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Abstract Abstract 5113 Background Toto is a primitive Indo-Bhutanese tribe residing in a small enclave called Totopara in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India. Toto culture and language is totally unique to the tribe, and is clearly distinguished from the neighboring Rajbongshis, Koch or the Bhutanese Sharchop tribes. Totos use to do consanguineous marriage and stay in the same locality even after marriage. Totos are becoming extinct since 1950. Total population of Totos are 1377 (smallest tribe of the world) and it is declining day by day. We noticed that their life span is very short (35-40 years). With a motive to investigate the reason behind it we started our work and got the answers of our queries. Almost 50% of them are carrier of beta Thalassemia, which is a genetic disease and are caused by the mutation of beta globin gene. The objectives of our study are, Materials & Methods After awareness program, 3-4 ml of blood sample was collected from each Toto along with their written consent. On the spot inexpensive NESTROF (Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility) test was done. After returning to institute we use to do CBC (Complete Blood Count) followed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). DNA was isolated from those samples detected as carrier or patients using the protocol standardized in our lab. Mutation was detected by ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System)–PCR. Conclusion Total individual already screened in the Totopara under the age limit 10- 35 years is 688. Number of Totos and Non-Totos are 628 and 60 respectively. From NESTROFT and CBC result it was revealed that different blood parameters e.g., MCV, MCH, RBC, RDW, Hb% etc of 71% Totos do not match with the normal value and found to be significantly altered. HPLC results show that 51% Totos are carrier of HbE and 20% of them are HbE homozygous. Whereas 97% non-Totos are found to be normal. DNA analysis by ARMS-PCR confirmed the result of HPLC. The percentage of HbE carrier and HbE homozygous is very high among Totos and this is the real cause of their early death. To protect this primitive tribe we have to restrict their marriage between two carriers. For Totos thalassemia carrier detection should be mandatory before marriage. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fattorini, Simone, Emanuela Maurizi, and Andrea Di Giulio. "Evaluating Alpha and Beta Taxonomy in Ant-Nest Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussini)." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/736939.
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We evaluated completeness, accuracy, and historical trend of the taxonomic knowledge on the myrmecophilous ground beetle tribe Paussini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae). Accumulation curves for valid names and synonyms of species, subgenera, and genera were modelled using logistic functions. Analyses of trends in synonymies suggest that few currently accepted taxa will be recognized to be synonymous in the future. This may indicate that Paussini are a taxonomically relatively stable tribe of carabid beetles. However, this result might also be due to the lack of recent taxonomic work in some biogeographical regions.
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Jyothi, Dr Dhruva B. "Health and Occupation Among Tribals: A case Study of Beda Tribe of Hiregonagar Village in Koppal District of Karnataka." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2013/80.
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Köster, Pamela Carolina, Antonio F. Malheiros, Jeffrey J. Shaw, Sooria Balasegaram, Alexander Prendergast, Héloïse Lucaccioni, Luciana Melhorança Moreira, et al. "Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020206.
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Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008–2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5–21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite.
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Majumdar, Deboshree, Jayasri Basak, Abhijit Chakraborty, Soma Mukhopadhyay, Nabamita Pal, and Ashis Mukhopadhyay. "Beta Thalassemia In Different Tribal Population In West Bengal, India." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 5170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.5170.5170.
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Abstract Abstract 5170 Background: The Thalassemias are a group of anemia that results from a genetic defect whch reduces the rate of synthesis of normal globin chains. Beta Thalassemia results in severe microcytic, hypochromic, haemolytic anaemia among affected patients. It has emerged as one of the most common health problems among the tribal populations in West Bengal. A project entitled, “Status of Prevalence and Awarness Among Thalassaemia Population: Special reference to various tribes belonging in different Districts of West Bengal” has been sanctioned by the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India(BT/PR10336/SPD/24/293/2007). This study is aimed to observe the spectrum of various beta mutations among the tribes. In the screening schedule thalassemia awarness programme was conducted in various rural areas of West Bengal. We mainly confronted with the Sardar tribes in extreme south of West Bengal. In North Bengal there were Toto, Rabha, Oraon, Munda, Toppo, Baraik, Nagbanshi, Khalko, Kheria, Kerketta and Soren. Method: In the year 2009–2010, 1289 tribes were screened. Mass awarness programme were followed by collection of peripheral blood samples in EDTA vials and transported to the laboratory in ice packs. NESTROFT was done on spot using 0.36% Saline Buffer solution (Sodium chloride, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, Disodium hydrogen Phosphate). Complete Blood Count was performed within 24 hours of collection. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was done to identify the beta samples. DNA was extracted from the blood of beta carrier and beta major and subjected to ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to detect the point mutations. Result: Conclusion: Molecular Characterization of Beta globin gene mutations among these tribes have confirmed the presence of the following mutations: IVS-1 nt5 (G>C), IVS-1 nt1(G>T), codon 15 (G>A), codon 26 (G>A), the mutation which leads to HbE, codon 19 (A>G), codon 17 (A>T), -28 (A>G). The most common mutation observed among Totos and Rabhas were codon 26 (G>A) of North Bengal. The prevalence of Beta carrier among them is negligible. The mutation IVS-1 nt5 (G>C) is prevalent among the Oraon, Nagbanshi and Sardar tribes of Bengal. The other mutations which are present among them are codon 15 (G>A) and codon 30 (G>C). There are two codon 17 (A>T) and one -28 (A>G) mutations which are present among Mundas. The rest of them are mutation IVS-1 nt5 (G>C). In few cases presence of sickle cell anemia was observed. Our results have added to the existing data on the common beta globin gene defects which are prevalent among the general population of West Bengal, India. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mahyudin, Mahyudin, and Nurbaiti Nurbaiti. "Pola Asuh Anak Perempuan Gayo Dalam Perspektif Gender." Hikmah: Journal of Islamic Studies 14, no. 1 (May 20, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47466/hikmah.v14i1.102.
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Family is the first social environment where children can interact.
It is in this primary institution that a child experiences parenting.
Prolonged parenting will form a habit in children. Teaching good
habits is very important to do since the beginning of a child’s
life and education through habituation can be done by giving
parenting to children or students.
Parenting between families with one another are different. Many
factors can influence parenting by the family. One of the factors
that determine the shape of parenting is culture, so that among
tribes and others have different forms of parenting.
In providing parenting, the Gayo tribe is strongly influenced by
the traditions and culture which they have. They follow to the
patrilineal kinship system, which is a fatherly manner, and in
principle, this system is a kinship system that draws the lineage of
the father or male ancestors.
Boys have a very important role in the kinship system of the
Gayo tribe, boys are given an important place, because boys are
successors and nobility.
This such parenting is known as gender bias, because boys and
girls get different status and roles based on sex (sex) and not
based on their abilities.
Keywords: Parenting, Parents, Child, Gender Bias, Gayo Tribe
Keluarga merupakan lingkungan sosial pertama tempat anak
dapat berinteraksi. Pada institusi primer inilah seorang anak
mengalami pengasuhan. Pola asuh yang berkepanjangan
akan membentuk sebuah pembiasaan pada anak. Penanaman
pembiasaan yang baik, sangat penting dilakukan sejak awal
kehidupan anak dan pendidikan melalui pembiasaan dapat
dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pola asuh pada anak/siswa.
Pola asuh anak antara keluarga satu dengan keluarga lainnya
berbeda-beda. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pola
asuh yang dilakukan keluarga. Salah satu faktor yang turut
menentukan bentuk pola asuh orang tua adalah budaya, sehingga
antara suku satu dengan lainnya mempunyai bentuk pola asuh
berbeda.
Dalam memberikan pola asuh, suku gayo sangat dipengaruhi
oleh tradisi dan budaya yang mereka miliki. Mereka menganut
sistem kekerabatan patrilineal yaitu bersifat kebapaan, dan
pada prinsipnya, sistem ini merupakan sistem kekerabatan
yang menarik garis keturunan ayah atau garis keturunan nenek
moyang laki-laki.
Anak lelaki peranannya sangat penting dalam sistem kekerabatan
suku gayo, anak lelaki diberikan tempat yang penting, karena anak
lelaki merupakan penerus keturunan dan gelar kebangsawan .
Pola asuh seperti itulah yang kemudian dikenal dengan pola
asuh bias gender, karena anak laki-laki dan anak perempuan
mendapatkan status dan peranan berbeda berdasarkan jenis
kelamin (sex) dan bukan berdasarkan kemampuan yang dimiliki.
Kata Kunci: Pola asuh, orang tua, anak, bias gender, suku gayo.
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Wang, Wen-Ling, Guan-Ci Hong, Peng-Ju Chien, Yu-Hao Huang, Hsueh-Te Lee, Po-Hui Wang, Yueh-Chun Lee, and Wen-Wei Chang. "Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Contributes to Cancer Stemness of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulating β-Catenin Expression." Cancers 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 3785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123785.
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Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is a scaffolding protein that regulates intracellular signal transduction, and its role in tumor development is controversial. Here, we investigated the biological function of TRIB3 in EC. We found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of TRIB3 was significantly and positively correlated with shorter overall survival of EC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The protein expression of TRIB3 was found to be significantly increased in EC cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched by tumorsphere cultivation. Knockdown of TRIB3 in EC cells suppressed tumorsphere formation, the expression of cancer stemness genes, and the in vivo tumorigenesis. The expression of β-catenin at both the protein and the mRNA levels was downregulated upon TRIB3 silencing. TRIB3 was found to interact with E74 Like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4) in the nucleus and bound to ELF4 consensus sites within the catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) promoter in EC cell lines. These data indicated that TRIB3 may regulate CTNNB1 transcription by enhancing the recruitment of ELF4 to the CTNNB1 promoter. In conclusion, our results suggest that TRIB3 plays an oncogenic role in EC and positively regulates the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of EC-CSCs. Targeting TRIB3 is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy in future EC therapy.
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Kaufman, Letícia, Francisco R. Carnese, Alicia Goicoechea, Cristina Dejean, Francisco M. Salzano, and Mara H. Hutz. "Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in the Mapuche Indians of Argentina." Genetics and Molecular Biology 21, no. 4 (December 1998): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47571998000400003.
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Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites in the beta-globin gene cluster were investigated in 86 chromosomes from the Argentinian Mapuche. These results were integrated with those previously obtained for ten Brazilian Indian tribes. Eight haplotypes were identified, the most frequent being 2 (57%) and 6 (27%). The presence of haplotype 3 in 2% of the Mapuche chromosomes is probably an evidence of admixture with individuals of African ancestry. Due to the high number of haplotypes observed, heterozygosity as measured by the Gini-Simpson index was higher in the Mapuche than in Brazilian Indians. The haplotypic distribution in the Mapuche was also significantly different from those of all Brazilian tribes investigated. This heterogeneity could be at least partially explained by admixture with non-Indian populations.
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Beukes, C. W., I. J. Law, S. N. Venter, M. D. Maluleke, and E. T. Steenkamp. "Diverse beta-rhizobia nodulate the indigenous genus Hypocalyptus and related genera of the tribe Podalyrieae." South African Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (April 2008): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.136.
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Bevilaqua, Lia R. M., Vanessa S. Mattevi, Gisele M. Ewald, Francisco M. Salzano, Carlos E. A. Coimbra, Ricardo V. Santos, and Mara H. Hutz. "Beta-globin gene cluster haplotype distribution in five Brazilian Indian tribes." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 98, no. 4 (December 1995): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330980402.
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Naseem, Madiha, Martin D. Berger, Alberto Puccini, Ryuma Tokunaga, FRANCESCA BATTAGLIN, Afsaneh Barzi, Shivani Soni, et al. "Polymorphisms in beta-defensin pathways and clinical outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFIRI-bevacizumab in two randomized phase III trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.662.
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662 Background: Beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) and 2 (DEFB4A) are antimicrobial peptides secreted from colonic epithelial cells in response to inflammation. DEFB1 has been shown to serve as a tumor suppressor, whereas high concentrations of DEFB4A are linked with angiogenesis. This study examines the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beta-defensin pathways in two independent phase III trials: FIRE-3 and TRIBE. Methods: The OncoArray database containing 530K SNP markers provided by Illumina was used to find associations between clinical outcomes and 10 functional SNPs from DEFB1, DEFB4A, PPARG, NFKB1, MUC2, and TLR4 genes. Patients treated with first-line FOLFIRI/bevacizumab (bev) in the randomized phase III FIRE-3 trial (n = 107) and TRIBE trial (n = 215) served as discovery and validation cohorts respectively. The FIRE-3 FOLFIRI and cetuximab (cet) arm served as a negative control (n = 129). Results: A total of 451 patients were included. The NFKB1 rs3821958 SNP showed significant association with OS and PFS in overall pts and those with left-sided CRC. Compared to pts carrying the mutant A allele, those with the wild-type G/G genotype had a shorter median OS (19 vs 40 mts) and PFS (9.2 vs 11.7 mts) in both univariate ((OS: HR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.21-4.42, p = 0.006) (PFS: HR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.11-3.37, p = 0.014)) and multivariable analysis ((OS: HR = 2.90, 95%CI 1.47-5.70, p = 0.002) (PFS: HR = 2.08, 95%CI:1.18-3.67, p = 0.012)). This finding was validated in TRIBE, where carriers of G allele had shorter PFS in univariate analysis (HR = 1.44, p = 0.019). Opposite results were observed in pts receiving cet, where G/G carriers had improved OS in univariate analysis (HR = 0.46, p = 0.048). Pts with left-sided CRC who carried the wild-type allele had poorer OS and PFS in both trials. Conclusions: NFKB1 rs3821958 SNP is known to activate DEFB1 and is downstream of EGFR. Harboring a mutant allele in this SNP confers a mortality benefit in left-sided and overall pts treated with bev, and worsens OS in pts receiving cet. Hence, NFKB1 could serve as an important predictive biomarker. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate its role in colorectal cancer.
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Mohammed, Omer Gibreel,, El Saeed Elkarsani Mubarak, Mohammed Munsoor Munsour, and Yasaa Ahmed Gubartella El. "Screening for hemoglobinipathy in Beja tribes and other minor groups living in Port Sudan City." Journal of Medical Laboratory and Diagnosis 5, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jmld2014.0094.
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Cooper, Julien. "A NOMADIC STATE? THE ‘BLEMMYEAN-BEJA’ POLITY OF THE ANCIENT EASTERN DESERT." Journal of African History 61, no. 3 (November 2020): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853720000602.
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AbstractAncient nomadic peoples in Northeast Africa, being in the shadow of urban regimes of Egypt, Kush, and Aksum as well as the Graeco-Roman and Arab worlds, have been generally relegated to the historiographical model of the frontier ‘barbarian’. In this view, little political importance is attached to indigenous political organisation, with desert nomads being considered an amorphous mass of unsettled people beyond the frontiers of established states. However, in the Eastern Desert of Sudan and Egypt, a pastoralist nomadic people ancestrally related to the modern Beja dominated the deserts for millennia. Though generally considered as a group of politically divided tribes sharing only language and a pastoralist economy, ancient Beja society and its elites created complex political arrangements in their desert. When Egyptian, Greek, Coptic, and Arab sources are combined and analysed, it is evident that nomads formed a large confederate ‘nomadic state’ throughout late antiquity and the early medieval period — a vital cog in the political engine of Northeast Africa.
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Aggarwal, Aastha, Priyanka Khurana, Siuli Mitra, Bhavesh Raicha, K. N. Saraswathy, Yazdi M. Italia, and Gautam K. Kshatriya. "Distribution of beta-globin haplotypes among the tribes of southern Gujarat, India." Gene 521, no. 2 (June 2013): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.039.
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Mandal, Prakas Kumar, Tuphan Kanti Dolai, Soma Mandal, Tamanash Mondal, and Suman Kumar Maji. "Screening for hemoglobinopathies in a socially disadvantaged population from a rural district of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 4430. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205319.
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Background: Detection of traits/carriers plays an important role in preventing the birth of a thalassemic child. West Bengal, one of the eastern states in India is the home to a bulk of socially challenged population including scheduled castes and scheduled tribes among others. The present study aimed to detect the prevalence of different hemoglobinopathies in a socially challenged district of West Bengal.Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study thalassemia detection camps were organized at the community level over a period of four years. Venous blood samples were subjected to complete hemogram and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In few difficult cases samples were sent to the reference laboratory for molecular characterization. The prevalence of heterozygous, homozygous or compound heterozygous states of different thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies across various respondent groups (e.g. children, premarital, postmarital and antenatal) and existing caste categories (scheduled tribes, scheduled caste and general) were analyzed.Results: We analyzed a total of 114,606 HPLC reports; 18681 (16.30%), 15438 (13.47%) and 80487 (70.23%) cases belonged to scheduled tribes, scheduled castes and general category respectively. Out of 114,606 cases, 11,001 (9.6%) had revealed abnormal hemoglobins; beta thalassaemia trait was the most common (6.63%; n=7602) across all subgroup analysis. Among others, HbE trait, sickle cell trait and HbD trait were detected in 1788 (1.56%), 1362 (1.18%) and 126 (0.11%) cases respectively.Conclusions: Beta thalassaemia trait and HbE trait are the common haemoglobin variants in this rural district of West Bengal. The prevalence of sickle gene revealed in the present study is much less than previous studies in the locality.
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Abaker Gibreel, Mohammed Omer, Mubarak El Saeed Elkarsani, Munsour Mohammed Munsour, and Hanan Babeker El Taher. "Genotyping of Individuals with Hemoglobinopathies in Beja Tribes and Other Minor Groups in Port Sudan, Eastern Sudan." Medical Laboratory Journal 12, no. 6 (October 1, 2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/mlj.12.6.40.
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Lizwary, Karina, and Wahyuni Safitri. "KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DENGAN ADANYA YURISPRUDENSI MAHKAMAH AGUNG NO. 1400K/PDT/1986." Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 8, no. 1 (September 6, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v8i1.24.
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Indonesia as pluralistic country with assorted tribe, race, language and culture and religion so that intermarriage occurs frequently. Intermarriage itself is not regulated in Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and with the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court No. 1400 K / PDT / 1986 in the Jurisprudence decision does not prohibit the intermarriage so that the terms of a marriage is no longer an obstacle for those who want to perpetuate Interfaith Marriage. The issue of interfaith marriage arises in our country as a logical consequence of the recognition of Pancasila as the foundation of legal product, which contained therein "The principle of religion freedom", so long as we continue to recognize the existence of these two things, the issue of interfaith marriage will always appear, therefore how records of a marriage which has rules that are different and what is contained in the jurisprudence, in consideration of a judge.
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IAMONICO, DUILIO. "Remarks on the subfam. Betoideae (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae sensu APGIV)." Phytotaxa 400, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.400.3.3.
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Subfam. Betoideae (Amaranthaceae Juss./Chenopodiaceae Vent. sensu APGIV) is a monophyletic group which comprises five genera (Aphanisma, Beta, Hablitzia, Oreoblitum, and Patellifolia) and an undefined number of species (11‒16 according to the available literature). While the taxonomic position of the various groups in Betoideae is quite well studied and clarified, nomenclature is still poorly investigated and several names remain to be untypified. The present research has the aim to present a comprehensive view of all taxa (at all ranks) beloning to Betoideae by a list of their accepted names, main synonyms, and types. Taxonomic considerations were also made. The names Aphanisma blitoides, Beta patula, Beta lomatogona, Beta macrorhiza, Beta nana, Beta macrocarpa, Beta bourgaei (= Beta macrocarpa), Oreobliton thesioides, and Beta procumbens are typified on specimens deposited respectively at K (lecto-), BM (lecto-), LE (lecto-), H (lecto-), K (neo-, isoneotypes a FI, GOET, K, WAG), PAL (neo-), G (lecto-, isolectoypes a G, K), P, and C (neo-). The typification of the name Hablitzia tamnoides by Menitsky was discussed and accepted. A new nomenclature change [Beta sect. Corollinae subsect. Nanae (Ulbr.) Iamonico, comb. et stat. nov.] and two new taxa (Beta sect. Beta subsect. Patulae Iamonico, subsect. nov., and Beta sect. Macrocarpae Iamonico, sect. nov.) were proposed. A new classification of Subfam. Betoideae was proposed, including 2 tribes (Beteae, and Hablitzieae), 5 genera (Aphanisma, Beta, Hablitzia, Oreoblitum, and Patellifolia), and for the genus Beta 3 sections and 4 subsections (sect. Beta subsect. Beta, Beta sect. Beta subsect. Patulae Iamonico subsect. nov., sect. Corollinae subsect. Corollinae, sect. Corollinae subsect. nanae (Ulbr.) Iamonico comb. et stat. nov., Beta sect. Macrocarpae Iamonico sect. nov.).
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Dulhani, Naveen, Pratima Koshewara, Rupendra K. Bharti, and Sanat K. Sharma. "Prevalence of Hemoglobinopathies in Tribal Region of India: A Retrospective Observational Study." Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.8n.4p.3.
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Hemoglobinopathies are the common inherited diseases around the world. Thalassemia & sickle cell disease are the important challenges for tribal populations in India. Many study demonstrated the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies in India & among tribes of India but limited data available from Baster tribal region. This study will further lightens the haemoglobinopathies among Baster region of Chhattisgarh state of India. Methods: It was an retrospective observational study, carried out in Late. BRKM Government Medical College, Dimrapal, Jagdalpur which was located at baster region of Chhattisgarh state of India aims to determine the prevalence of various hemoglobinopathies in Baster. Out of 421 suspected patient’s screened for hemoglobinopathies by Capillary electrophoresis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) used for descriptive analysis. Results: Out of 421 cases, 276 were diagnosed with various type of hemoglobinopathies {49% has HbAS (sickle cell anaemia trait), 3% HbSS (sickle cell disease), 6% sickled beta-thalassemia & 8% HPFH (hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin)}. Non-tribal population has higher trends of sickled beta thalassemia 14 (8.28%), Hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin 26 (15.38%) and HbAS 122 (72.19%) as compare to tribal population but there was similar prevalence of HbSS among both of these groups. Conclusion: In India, hemoglobin disorders are the great threat for tribal population. As <10% of tribes residing in India and many were extinct. The non-tribal community has more prevent than tribal communities.
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Agafonov, A. V., E. V. Shabanova (Kobozeva), S. V. Asbaganov, A. V. Mglinets, and V. S. Bogdanova. "Identification of genome compositions in allopolyploid species of the genus Elymus(Poaceae: Triticeae) in the Asian part of Russia by CAPS analysis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 24, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj20.606.
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The genus ElymusL., together with wheat, rye, and barley, belongs to the tribe Triticeae. Apart from its economic value, this tribe is characterized by abundance of polyploid taxa formed in the course of remote hybridization. Single-copy nuclear genes are convenient markers for identification of source genomes incorporated into polyploids. In the present work, a CAPS-marker is developed to distinguish basic St, H, and Y genomes comprising polyploid genomes of Asiatic species of the genus Elymus. The test is based on electrophoretic analysis of restriction patterns of a PCR-amplified fragment of the gene coding for beta-amylase. There are about 50 Elymusspecies in Russia, and most of them are supposed to possess one of three haplome combinations, StH, StY and StHY. Boreal StH-genomic species endemic for Russia are the least studied. On the basis of nucleotide sequences from public databases, TaqI restrictase was selected, as it produced patterns of restriction fragments specific for St, H, and Y haplomes easily recognizable in agarose gel. A sample of 68 accessions belonging to 32 species was analyzed. In 15 species, the earlier known genomic constitutions were confirmed, but in E. kamojithis assay failed to reveal the presence of H genome. This unusual H genome was suggested to originate from a different Hordeum species. In 16 species, genomic constitutions were identified for the first time. Fifteen accessions from Asian Russia possessed the genomic constitution StStHH, and E. amurensis, phylogenetically close to the StY-genomic species E. ciliaris, had the genomic constitution StStYY. It is inferred that the center of species diversity of the StH-genomic group is shifted to the north as compared to the center of origin of StY-genomic species, confined to China.
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Smith, P. A., K. Bokvist, P. Arkhammar, P. O. Berggren, and P. Rorsman. "Delayed rectifying and calcium-activated K+ channels and their significance for action potential repolarization in mouse pancreatic beta-cells." Journal of General Physiology 95, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1041–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.95.6.1041.
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The contribution of Ca2(+)-activated and delayed rectifying K+ channels to the voltage-dependent outward current involved in spike repolarization in mouse pancreatic beta-cells (Rorsman, P., and G. Trube. 1986. J. Physiol. 374:531-550) was assessed using patch-clamp techniques. A Ca2(+)-dependent component could be identified by its rapid inactivation and sensitivity to the Ca2+ channel blocker Cd2+. This current showed the same voltage dependence as the voltage-activated (Cd2(+)-sensitive) Ca2+ current and contributed 10-20% to the total beta-cell delayed outward current. The single-channel events underlying the Ca2(+)-activated component were investigated in cell-attached patches. Increase of [Ca2+]i invariably induced a dramatic increase in the open state probability of a Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel. This channel had a single-channel conductance of 70 pS [( K+]o = 5.6 mM). The Ca2(+)-independent outward current (constituting greater than 80% of the total) reflected the activation of an 8 pS [( K+]o = 5.6 mM; [K+]i = 155 mM) K+ channel. This channel was the only type observed to be associated with action potentials in cell-attached patches. It is suggested that in mouse beta-cells spike repolarization results mainly from the opening of the 8-pS delayed rectifying K+ channel.
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Mahmuddin, Ronny, Saifullah bin Anshor, and Hamdan Ngaja. "Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Pernikahan Beda Kasta (Studi Kasus Desa Ngafan Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara)." BUSTANUL FUQAHA: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v2i1.314.
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This study aims to determine the prohibition of inter-caste marriage in Ngafan Village, Southeast Maluku, and Islamic legal views on caste marriage in the customs of the Kei tribe, especially in Ngafan Village, Southeast Maluku Regency. This research is descriptive qualitative research with the type of field research (Field Research). The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that: 1) The prohibition of inter-caste marriage (not equal) carried out by some people in Ngafan Village is the prohibition of marriage between women from the Mel-Mel caste (highest caste) and men from Riy-Riy (lowest caste). If there is a marriage between these castes, it depends on their family, if they agree then the marriage is still safe, but if they refuse the marriage can be canceled. 2) In Islamic law the scholars differ on the issue of caste (equality) in marriage. Jumhur ulama said that the caste referred to in marriage is religion, independence, social strata and, descent. Imam Malik said that the caste in question was the religion and was free from diseases that were deemed incurable. Meanwhile, the al-Ẓahiriyyah mazhab said that only Muslims were the conditions for marriage. The scholars do not require that caste be part of the legal requirements of marriage, but caste is included in the category of luzu> m requirements, a condition that allows a female guardian to request an annulment of marriage if the male partner is not in the same caste. So the prohibition of marriage is not equal in Ngafan Village can be justified based on the opinion of some scholars. The implementation of this research is expected to contribute theoretically and practically to religious leaders, parties with special interests, and society in general.
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Viljanen, Heidi, Helena Wirta, Olivier Montreuil, Pierre Rahagalala, Steig Johnson, and Ilkka Hanski. "Structure of local communities of endemic dung beetles in Madagascar." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 5 (July 30, 2010): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000325.
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Abstract:The wet tropical forests in Madagascar have endemic dung beetles that have radiated for tens of millions of years using a limited range of resources produced by the species-poor mammalian fauna. Beetles were trapped in two wet-forest localities over 4 years (6407 trap nights, 18,869 individuals). More limited data for six other local communities were used to check the generality of the results. Local communities are relatively species poor (around 30 species) in comparison with wet-forest-inhabiting dung beetle communities elsewhere in the tropics (typically 50 or more species). The species belong to only two tribes, Canthonini and Helictopleurina (Oniticellini), which have evolved, exceptionally for dung beetle tribes, completely nocturnal versus diurnal diel activities, respectively. Patterns in the elevational occurrence, body size and resource use suggest that interspecific competition restricts the numbers of locally coexisting species exploiting the limited range of resources that are available. On the other hand, regional turnover in the species composition is exceptionally high due to a large number of species with small geographical ranges, yielding a very large total fauna of dung beetles in Madagascar (>250 species). Apart from exceptionally low local (alpha) diversity and high beta diversity, the Malagasy dung beetle communities are ecologically distinctive from comparable communities in other tropical regions in having high numerical dominance of the most abundant species, small average body size and low degree of resource specialization.
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Sapary, Fina Elziana, I. Nyoman Rai, and I. Nyoman Sunarta. "ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT STRATEGY TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN MOKWAM AREA, MANOKWARI REGENCY, WEST PAPUA." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i02.p06.
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Mokwam Area is one of the ecotourism objects in Warmare District, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. Whilst, it has a wide variety of endemic flora and fauna, ecotourism of Mokwam is also rich in herbs used by indigenous Mokwam known as Arfak tribe. The aim of this study were: 1) to identify the potential of ecotourism in Mokwam Area, 2) to better understanding constraints in ecotourism management supporting environmental preservation in Mokwam Area, and 3) to determine the ecotourism management strategies in favor of Mokwam environmental preservation. Data collection techniques of this research were observation, interview and documentation. The collected data was analysed by using qualitative descriptive and SWOT analysis. The SWOT is used to frame ecotourism management strategy by identifying internal and external factors. The results shows that the ecotourim potential of Mokwam area is a beautiful natural scenery, as well as biodiversity of flora and fauna. The potential attracted endemic faunas of Mokwam ecotourism is a variety of Birds of Paradise (Burung Cenderawasih) which are Cenderawasih Raja (Western Parotia), Cenderawasih Bela Rotan (Magnificent Bird of Paradise), Cenderawasih Ekor Panjang (Arfak Astrapia), Cenderawasih Buff-tailed sicklebill, Cenderawasih Long-tailed paradigala, Cenderawasih Black Sicklebill, as well as Namdurpolos Clever Bird (Vogelkop Bowerbird). Several considerable constraints in managing Mokwam ecotourism considering the environmental conservation is shifting cultivation method implementing by Arfak tribe. This method would potentially exterminate the forest as a habitat of the endemic flora and fauna if there is an increase in population, hot mix road access to Mokwam areas has still not been available and lack of cooperation between villages in Mokwam Area. The strategies based conservation concept in managing Mokwam ecotourism are promoting Mokwam potential ecotourim to the outside audiences; preserving the local wisdom of igya ser hanjob in order to protect the forests which are the habitat of endemic flora and fauna; improving road access to Mokwam Area; conducting comparative studies to similar tourism objects; establishing effective cooperation with other available tourism objects around Mokwam Area; empowering Arfak community about ecotourism management so that the community competitiveness towards other ecotourism areas could potentially be realised.
Keywords: Ecotourism, biodiversity of flora and fauna, management strategy, local wisdom
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Kapuran, Aleksandar, Mirjana Blagojevic, and Dragica Bizjak. "Settlements and necropolises of the Early Iron Age along the middle course of the Nisava river." Starinar, no. 65 (2015): 145–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1565145k.
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As a result of the rescue archaeological investigations conducted along the E-80 motorway route, around the middle course of the Nisava river, from Sicevo Gorge to Dimitrovgrad, several sites from the Early Iron Age were discovered. At the same time, two caves located on the margins of this natural transportation route which links the Morava Valley and the Sofia Basin were explored. This paper comprises all the relevant finds of the material culture from Bela Palanka, Pirot and Dimitrovgrad, and sepulchral architecture and funerary customs practised during Hallstatt C and D. The aim of the paper is to indicate the influences of the Basarabi and Psenicevo material culture in the territories assumed to have been inhabited by the Thracian and Illyrian tribes, which may help with the more accurate pinpointing of the demarcations between the Triballi, Thracians and Paeonians.
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Murhekar, K. M., M. V. Murhekar, M. B. Mukherjee, A. C. Gorakshakar, R. Surve, M. Wadia, S. Phanasgaonkar, S. Shridevi, Roshan B. Colah, and D. Mohanty. "Red Cell Genetic Abnormalities, [Beta]-Globin Gene Haplotypes, and APOB Polymorphisms in the Great Andamanese, A Primitive Negrito Tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India." Human Biology 73, no. 5 (2001): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0070.
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Kurniawan, Rahmat. "BENTUK DAN PERAN MUSIK RANDAI PAREWA LIMO SUKU DALAM ACARA BARALEK DI KECAMATAN KURANJI KOTA PADANG, SUMATERA BARAT." DESKOVI : Art and Design Journal 3, no. 1 (June 13, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/deskovi.v3i1.721.
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Suku Minangkabau memiliki berbagai kesenian, di antaranya adalah Randai. Randai hidup dan berkembang dalam kehidupan masyarakat, dan hampir di setiap daerah di Minangkabau mempunyai Randai. Salah satu grup yang mengembangkan Randai yaitu Grup Parewa Limo Suku yang berada di Kuranji Kota Padang Sumatera Barat. Randai ini dilaksanakan dengan berbagai unsur seni yaitu Silek, Tari, Musik dan Teater. Randai termasuk kedalam Drama Musikal kedaerahan dengan memliki unsur seni yang kompleks. penyajian Randai diawali oleh permainan musik untuk menarik perhatian masyarakat. Berikutnya pidato dari Tukang Gore yang kemudian masuk ke dalam Legaran dengan diiringi musik untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada pelaku cerita memasuki lingkaran. Naskah cerita yang digunakan berjudul Untuang Sudah yang memiliiki permasalahan dan perselisihan dengan Rajo Angek Garang. Cerita ini dilaksanakan dalam lima legaran, cerita dalam Randai pada umumnya merupakan perumpamaan dalam masyarakat yang didalamnya mengandung nasehat-nasehat yang berisikan pesan moral. Cerita Untuang Sudah dalam Randai sering dibawakan dalam acara hiburan Baralek oleh Parewa Limo Suku. Musik iringan dalam Randai berperan sangat penting dimana musik membuat karakter suasana yang berbeda-beda yakni sebagai ilustrasi cerita dan sebagai penguat suasana dalam penyampaian pesan di setiap adegan Randai. Tujuan Grup Parewa Limo Suku, yaitu untuk melestarikan kebudayaan Minangkabau, serta turut aktif membantu pemerintah dalam membina dan mengembangkan seni budaya khususnya seni budaya Minangkabau. Randai saat ini masih digunakan dalam pertunjukan rakyat Minangkabau dan bentuk penyajiannya disesuaikan dengan drama musikal yang menggunakan berbagai unsur-unsur kesenian yang ada dalam masyarakat Minangkabau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan pendekatan Etnomusikologi. Minangkabau tribe has a variety of arts, including Randai. Randai lives and develops in community life, and almost every area in Minangkabau has Randai. One of the groups that developed Randai is the Parewa Limo Tribe Group located in Kuranji, Padang, West Sumatra. This randai is carried out with various elements of art namely Silek, Dance, Music and Theater. Randai included in the Regional Musical Drama with a complex element of art. Randai's presentation was preceded by a musical game to attract the attention of the public. Next was the speech from Tukang Gore which then entered Legaran accompanied by music to give the story actors a chance to enter the circle. The text of the story used is titled Untuang Sudah which has problems and disputes with Rajo Angek Garang. This story is carried out in five stories, the story in Randai is generally a parable in a society which contains advice which contains a moral message. Untuang Stories Already in Randai is often sung in Baralek entertainment programs by the Parewa Limo Tribe. Accompanied music in Randai plays a very important role where the music makes the character of a different atmosphere that is as an illustration of the story and as a reinforcement of the atmosphere in delivering messages in each Randai scene. The aim of the Parewa Limo Suku Group is to preserve the Minangkabau culture, and to actively assist the government in fostering and developing cultural arts, especially Minangkabau cultural arts. Randai is currently still used in Minangkabau folk performances and the form of presentation is adapted to musical dramas that use various artistic elements in the Minangkabau community. This research uses descriptive analysis method and ethnomusicology approach
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Andriansyah, Andriansyah, Syakir Mahid, and Ismail Suardi Wekke. "GATHER THE SCATTERED IN KAILI LAND: Pluralism, Religiosity, and Integration of Central Sulawesi Society." MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 42, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v42i1.523.
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<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Based on the ethnic division of the population, Central Sulawesi Province consists of 12 ethnics groups “original,” and many tribal immigrants such as Bugis, Makassar, Java, Bali, and other tribes that have implications for the differentiation of indigenous communities and immigrant communities. The diversity of the tribes is also accompanied by the diversity of their historical background, religion, and culture which might cause friction one another. Based on the existing historical reality, it is showed that the Central Sulawesi region is often hit by ethnic, economic, and religious violences with different intensity. If the diversity among the people of Central Sulawesi is not properly managed, it can lead to disintegration. This article would identify the existence of the plural society in Central Sulawesi and try to formulate the integration efforts of the people of Central Sulawesi.</p><p><strong>Abstrak: Mengumpul yang Berserak: Pluralisme, Religiositas, dan Integrasi Masyarakat Sulawesi Tengah</strong>. Berdasarkan pembagian etnis penduduk, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah terdiri atas dari 12 etnis asli, dan banyak juga suku pendatang seperti Suku Bugis, Makassar, Jawa, dan Bali yang berimplikasi pada diferensiasi masyarakat asli dan masyarakat pendatang yang berpotensi menimbulkan gesekan antara satu dengan lainnya. Realitas historis menunjukkan bahwa wilayah Sulawesi Tengah sering dilanda kekerasan bermotif etnis, ekonomi dan agama dengan intensitas yang berbeda-beda. Keanekaragaman pada masyarakat Sulawesi Tengah, apabila tidak ditata dengan baik dapat mengakibatkan disintegrasi. Tulisan bertujuan menganalisis keberadaan masyarakat plural Sulawesi Tengah dan mencoba merumuskan upaya integrasi masyarakatnya.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> pluralism, religiosity, Central Sulawesi, integration</p>
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Fonseca, Lorena Coutinho Nery, Elisângela Medeiros de Almeida, and Maria Alice Santos Alves. "Fenologia, morfologia floral e visitantes de Psychotria brachypoda (Müll. Arg.) Britton (Rubiaceae) em uma área de Floresta Atlântica, Sudeste do Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062008000100008.
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No presente estudo foram descritos o padrão fenológico, biologia floral, visitantes florais mais freqüentes e taxa de formação de frutos de Psychotria brachypoda, em uma área de Floresta Atlântica. O padrão de floração foi anual e intermediário, ocorrendo entre agosto e janeiro. A produção de frutos maduros ocorreu de março a julho/2004 e de fevereiro a maio/2005. O comprimento e o diâmetro da corola das flores brevistilas foram maiores que das longistilas. Apesar de não ter havido hercogamia recíproca exata, houve sobreposição entre as alturas dos estigmas das flores longistilas com os estames das brevistilas e vice-versa. O néctar apresentou maior concentração média de açúcares às 06:30 h (33%) e menor às 14:30 h (26%). Flores cujo néctar foi coletado ao longo do dia produziram em média três vezes mais néctar que as flores que tiveram o néctar coletado apenas no final do dia. Foram encontrados 24 indivíduos brevistilos e 25 longistilos, indicando que a população é isoplética. Os principais visitantes florais foram machos e fêmeas do beija-flor Thalurania glaucopis, abelhas da tribo Trigonini e do gênero Euglossa, três espécies de lepidópteros, um díptero e um coleóptero. Houve formação de frutos verdes em 13,3% do total de flores marcadas e a taxa de produção de frutos foi similar entre os morfotipos florais. É provável que o principal polinizador de P. brachypoda seja o beija-flor T. glaucopis porque ele visita com freqüência muitas flores de diferentes indivíduos, provavelmente transferindo pólen entre eles.
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Shcherbakov, Nikolai Borisovich, Sean Patrick Quinn, Iia Alexandrovna Shuteleva, Tatiana Alexeevna Leonova, Ulia Vladimirovna Lunkova, Vladimir Yurievich Lunkov, and Alexandra Amurievna Golyeva. "Some results of technical and technological analysis of late bronze age ceramics of the Southern Urals tribes exemplified by the materials of Kazburun archaeological microdistrict (Republic of Bashkortostan)." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20161202.
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This article discusses the use of traditional methods within the A.A. Bobrinsky historical-cultural approach to pottery analysis that allow us to consider each vessel as a source of information of the design and starting of the hollow body of the vessel. Thus, a more or less whole vessel may render information about a particular container design pattern or the skills of a particular potter group. This approach to ceramics allows you to study the cultural traditions in the manufacture of ceramics and, accordingly, closed family groups which have produced, and on the basis of radiocarbon dating to determine the time of its manufacture: Usmanovo I - III settlements (1930 - 1750 BC - Beta Analytic) and Kazburun I barrows (AMS 1820 - 1795 BC - Beta Analytic). However, ceramic archaeological complex Kazburun neighborhood has become one of the important factors in identifying cultural transformations and cultural interactions in the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals. Experimental methods of historical-cultural approach A.A. Bobrinsky to reconstruct the pottery of the late Bronze Age, the Southern Urals. Methods of technical and technological analysis of pottery made it possible to reconstruct not only the pottery tradition of the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals, but also allowed a glimpse into the past of the studied population. As a new method of ceramic petrographic study research method was applied, which revealed the inclusion of various minerals in the blood vessels dough, to determine the temperature and the intensity of the burning, and to prove the presence of sludge in ceramic test. Further application of this method will allow in the future to determine the locations of ancient Clay and ceramic technology to reconstruct the Late Bronze Age of the Bashkir Transurals.
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Gatehouse, J. A., D. Bown, J. Gilroy, M. Levasseur, J. Castleton, and T. H. N. Ellis. "Two genes encoding ‘minor’ legumin polypeptides in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Characterization and complete sequence of the LegJ gene." Biochemical Journal 250, no. 1 (February 15, 1988): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2500015.
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A genomic clone from pea (Pisum sativum L.) contains all of one gene encoding a ‘minor’ (B-type) legumin polypeptide, and most of a second very similar gene. The two genes, designated LegJ and LegK, are arranged in tandem, separated by approx. 6 kb. A complete sequence of gene LegJ and its flanking sequences is given, with as much of the sequence of gene LegK as is present on the genomic clone. Hybridization of 3′ flanking sequence probes to seed mRNA, and sequence comparisons with cDNA species, suggested that gene LegJ, and probably gene LegK, was expressed. The partial amino acid sequences of ‘minor’ legumin α- and beta-polypeptides were used to confirm the identity of these genes. The transciption start in gene LegJ was mapped. The 5′ flanking sequence of gene LegJ contains a sequence conserved in legumin genes from pea and other species, which is likely to have functional significance in control of gene expression. Sequence comparisons with legumin genes and cDNA species from Vicia faba and soya bean show that separation of legumin genes into A- and B-type subfamilies occurred before separation of the Viciae and Glycinae tribes.
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Debellé, F., L. Moulin, B. Mangin, J. Dénarié, and C. Boivin. "Nod genes and Nod signals and the evolution of the Rhizobium legume symbiosis." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_3921.
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The establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes requires an exchange of signals between the two partners. In response to flavonoids excreted by the host plant, rhizobia synthesize Nod factors (NFs) which elicit, at very low concentrations and in a specific manner, various symbiotic responses on the roots of the legume hosts. NFs from several rhizobial species have been characterized. They all are lipo-chitooligosaccharides, consisting of a backbone of generally four or five glucosamine residues N-acylated at the non-reducing end, and carrying various O-substituents. The N-acyl chain and the other substituents are important determinants of the rhizobial host specificity. A number of nodulation genes which specify the synthesis of NFs have been identified. All rhizobia, in spite of their diversity, possess conserved nodABC genes responsible for the synthesis of the N-acylated oligosaccharide core of NFs, which suggests that these genes are of a monophyletic origin. Other genes, the host specific nod genes, specify the substitutions of NFs. The central role of NFs and nod genes in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis suggests that these factors could be used as molecular markers to study the evolution of this symbiosis. We have studied a number of NFs which are N-acylated by alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids. We found that the ability to synthesize such NFs does not correlate with taxonomic position of the rhizobia. However, all rhizobia that produce NFs such nodulate plants belonging to related tribes of legumes, the Trifolieae, Vicieae, and Galegeae, all of them being members of the so-called galegoid group. This suggests that the ability to recognize the NFs with alpha-beta-unsaturated fatty acids is limited to this group of legumes, and thus might have appeared only once in the course of legume evolution, in the galegoid phylum.
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Schardl, C. L., A. Leuchtmann, and B. A. Mcdonald. "Relationships of Epichloe typhina isolates from different host grasses." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3119.
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Epichloë typhina comprises interfertile strains associated with several grass species in tribes Poeae, Aveneae and Brachypodieae. Molecular phylogenetics indicate that E. typhina is paraphyletic to E. sylvatica and E. clarkii. Although interfertility barriers are evident between E. typhina and E. sylvatica, E. clarkii is interfertile with E. typhina. However, E. clarkii is associated specifically with Holcus lanatus (Aveneae). We addressed the possibility that E. typhina is a complex of genetically isolated populations distinguishable by host specificity. Populations of E. typhina were sampled from three Cantons on a transect from southwest to northeast Switzerland, and from 1-3 host species in each Canton. No fewer than 20 isolates were obtained from each host at each location. The intron-rich 5'-end of the beta-tubulin gene was sequenced from each isolate, and all of the sequences were aligned for phylogenetic and coalescence analyses. There was no indication of geographic isolation of the populations, but no haplotypes (sequence variants) were shared between isolates from different hosts. Therefore, E. typhina appears to be a complex of genetically isolated sympatric populations that are specific for different hosts. Keywords: Brachypodium species, Clavicipitaceae, Dactylis glomerata, Epichloë, epichloë endophytes, grasses, host specificity, molecular phylogenetics, Poa species, Poaceae, population genetics
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Ayalew, Ayalew. "Phytochemical constituents in edible parts of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (lam.) (cogn.)) accessions from Ethiopia." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.16.
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Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) accessions from Ethiopia were tested for the presence of major phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative tests were performed for 12 phytochemical compounds with 6 solvent extracts and water using standard methods. Quantitative analysis for important secondary metabolites included total phenols, total flavonoids, crude saponins and beta-carotene. Of the 12 phytochemicals tested, five compounds showed positive results for all the seven extracts in the tubers, whereas only two phytochemicals responded positively in the leaves. The water extract of anchote showed positive results for 11 of the phytochemicals while n-butanol showed positive results for six in both the tuber and leaf parts. The water extract also had the highest phytochemicals in both the tuber and leaf parts when compared to the other solvent extracts. Anchote leaf had the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents followed by the fruit and the least concentration was in the tuber for all the accessions. The leaf contained the highest percentage of saponins (27.65%) while tuber had the lowest (14.65%). The β-carotene content in five accessions of anchote leaf ranged from 25.9±0.03 to 35.2±0.16 µg/g. Anchote is popular in the Oromo and non-Oromo tribes in Ethiopia, because of its medicinal role. Owing to the various phytochemical compounds present in the plant further screening and identification of its active compounds is recommended.
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Haki, G. D. "Phytochemical constituents in edible parts of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (lam.) (cogn.)) accessions from Ethiopia." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.2.
Full textAbstract:
Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) accessions from Ethiopia were tested for the presence of major phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative tests were performed for 12 phytochemical compounds with 6 solvent extracts and water using standard methods. Quantitative analysis for important secondary metabolites included total phenols, total flavonoids, crude saponins and beta-carotene. Of the 12 phytochemicals tested, five compounds showed positive results for all the seven extracts in the tubers, whereas only two phytochemicals responded positively in the leaves. The water extract of anchote showed positive results for 11 of the phytochemicals while n-butanol showed positive results for six in both the tuber and leaf parts. The water extract also had the highest phytochemicals in both the tuber and leaf parts when compared to the other solvent extracts. Anchote leaf had the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents followed by the fruit and the least concentration was in the tuber for all the accessions. The leaf contained the highest percentage of saponins (27.65%) while tuber had the lowest (14.65%). The β-carotene content in five accessions of anchote leaf ranged from 25.9±0.03 to 35.2±0.16 µg/g. Anchote is popular in the Oromo and non-Oromo tribes in Ethiopia, because of its medicinal role. Owing to the various phytochemical compounds present in the plant further screening and identification of its active compounds is recommended.
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Ilahi, Kurnial. "Konversi Agama pada Masyarakat Minangkabau." Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama 8, no. 2 (September 8, 2018): 164–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/religio.v8i2.780.
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I
Indonesia is one of the countries with a background of people who have different religious beliefs. So in social life, it is very necessary. Community life with different beliefs, it is able to influence self-confidence to change beliefs. This also happened to the people of West Sumatra who had a religious philosophy of life. This research is a descriptive study, using interview analysis techniques and direct observation of the sample of research, namely scholars and religious figures in West Sumatra. Based on the results of the study, it was found that religious conversion occurred in West Sumatra that causes the decreasing of Islamic religions number and the increasing growth of Christianity. The religious conversion occurs because of several influential factors. Factors that cause religious conversion to Minangkabau people from Islam to Christianity include (1) West Sumatra and the Minangkabau tribe are the main targets of International Christianization (2) Development of educational facilities and infrastructure. Social and health service units (3) Educational background, experience, social and social environment (4) Marital status and family relationships.
[Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara dengan latar belakang masyarakat yang memiliki keyakinan beragama berbeda-beda, sehingga dalam kehidupan sosial bermasyarakat sangat diperlukan. Kehidupan bermasyarakat dengan keyakinan yang berbeda, maka mampu mempengaruhi keyakinan diri untuk berpindah keyakinan. Hal ini juga terjadi pada masyarakat Sumatra Barat yang memiliki falsafah kehidupan yang agamis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, menggunakan teknik analisis wawancara dan observasi langsung terhadap sampel penelitian yaitu ulama dan tokoh-tokoh agama di Sumatera Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa konversi agama banyak terjadi d Sumatera Barat, hal ini ditandai dengan menurunnya jumlah agama Islam dan meningkatnya pertumbuhan agama Kristen. Terjadinya konversi agama banyak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, Faktor-faktor penyebab konversi agama pada masyarakat suku Minangkabau dari pemeluk Islam menjadi pemeluk Kristen diantaranya (1) Sumatra Barat dan masyarakat suku Minangkabau menjadi target utama Kristenisasi Internasional, (2) Pembangunan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, unit pelayanan sosial dan kesehatan, (3) Latar belakang pendidikan, pengalaman, lingkungan sosial dan pergaulan, (4) Status perkawinan dan hubungan keluarga.]
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Johansen, Poltak. "ARSITEKTUR RUMAH BETANG (RADAKNG) KAMPUNG SAHAPM." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v6i3.175.
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AbstrakArsitektur dari suatu bangsa, pada suatu masa sering berbeda-beda, baik dalam hal bentuk maupun konsep-konsep yang melandasinya. Hal ini tentu disebabkan adanya perbedaan kebudayaan dari suatu masyarakat dengan masyarakat lainnya. Setiap suku bangsa biasanya akan menunjukkan identitas budayanya melalui benda-benda budaya yang mereka buat. Demikian halnya masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn memiliki ciri tersendiri dalam bentuk arsitektur bangunan khususnya bangunan rumah tinggal. Bentuk arsitektur masyarakat Dayak Kanayat’n yang tinggal di Desa Sahapm tercermin dalam bentuk Rumah Betang atau Rumah Panjang dan hingga kini masih dijaga dan dihuni oleh masyarakat. Bentuk rumah Betang juga menunjukkan hidup kebersamaan bagi penghuninya. Dalam Rumah panjang atau Rumah Betang mereka berinteraksi antara bilik yang satu dengan bilik yang lainnya. Tujuan penulisan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk arsitektur Rumah Betang dan keberadaannya pada saat ini, selain itu penelitian ini juga mendeskripsikan kehidupan masyarakat di Rumah Betang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan tehnik pengamatan dan wawancara dalam menggali data di lapangan serta studi kepustakaan sebagai menggali bahan untuk menulis. AbstractThe nation has a diverse architecture, both in terms of form as well as the underlying concepts. The diversity of architecture due to differences in the culture of a society. Each tribe will usually show its cultural identity through cultural objects that they create. Similarly with Kanayatn Dayak community has its own characteristics in the architecture, especially residential buildings. Architectural form of the Dayak people who live in the village Dayak Kanayat'n reflected in the form of Rumah Betang or Rumah Panjang and is still maintained and inhabited by people. Betang shapes also showed live together or togetherness. The people who lived in Rumah Panjang interact with each other in one room to other room. The main purposes of this study is to describe the architectural form and its existence today. In addition, this study describe betang people's lives at home. The method used is descriptive-qualitative method using the techniques of observation and interviews to collect data in the field and library research.
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Amell-Caez, Yina, Indradatta Decastro-Arrazola, Héctor García, José D. Monroy-G, and Jorge Ari Noriega. "Diversidad espacial del ensamblaje de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) en cinco ecoregiones de Sucre, costa Caribe Colombiana." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 45, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): e7963. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v45i2.7963.
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La biodiversidad cambia en el espacio-tiempo generando gradientes complejos. Estos gradientes afectan la estructura de las comunidades creando dos posibles patrones de recambio espacial, reemplazo o anidamiento. Existen pocos estudios que busquen analizar los cambios de la diversidad a lo largo de gradientes ambientales en la región Caribe de Colombia. Buscando entender estos cambios, se realizó un muestreo en cinco ecorregiones del Caribe colombiano (Golfo de Morrosquillo, Montes de María, Sabanas, San Jorge y La Mojana) usando a los escarabajos coprófagos como un grupo bioindicador. En cada región se estableció un transecto lineal con 20 trampas de caída cebadas con excremento. Se evaluaron las diferencias en la abundancia, riqueza, Shannon-índice, equidad y grupos funcionales entre ecorregiones y condiciones ambientales. Un total de 923 individuos pertenecientes a 27 especies fue recolectado. La tribu Deltochilini y el género Canthon fueron los más diversos. La especie más abundante fue Silvicanthon aequinoctialis. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros medidos entre las ecorregiones. La diversidad Beta presenta un claro patrón espacial demostrando un alto recambio y un bajo anidamiento. Los Montes de María presentaron la mayor diversidad, asociada con la conservación de fragmentos de bosque. Es fundamental generar estrategias de conservación y crear un nuevo Parque Nacional Natural para los Montes de María, previniendo el impacto negativo causado por la expansión de la frontera agrícola y ganadera. Finalmente, este estudio representa un primer esfuerzo para entender los patrones espaciales de los escarabajos coprófagos en el Caribe colombiano, relacionando los gradientes ambientales con la dinámica espacial de la diversidad.
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Skouta, Rachid, Karla Morán-Santibañez, Carlos Valenzuela, Abimael Vasquez, and Karine Fenelon. "Assessing the Antioxidant Properties of Larrea tridentata Extract as a Potential Molecular Therapy against Oxidative Stress." Molecules 23, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071826.
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Oxidative stress has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases. Larrea tridentata (LT) also known as Creosote Bush is an evergreen shrub found in the Chihuahuan desert which has been used medicinally by Native American tribes in southwestern North America and the Amerindians of South America. However, studies of the antioxidant capacity of the crude extract of LT towards the discovery of novel molecular therapies bearing antioxidants and drug-like properties are lacking. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant properties of Larrea tridentata, collected specifically from the Chihuahuan desert in the region of El Paso del Norte, TX, USA. LT phytochemicals were obtained from three different extracts (ethanol; ethanol: water (60:40) and water). Then the extracts were evaluated in eight different assays (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide; FRAP activity, nitric oxide, phenolic content, UV visible absorption and cytotoxicity in non-cancerous HS27 cells). The three extracts were not affecting the HS27 cells at concentrations up to 120 µg/mL. Among the three extracts, we found that the mixture of ethanol: water (60:40) LT extract has the most efficient antioxidant properties (IC50 (DPPH at 30 min) = 111.7 ± 3.8 μg/mL; IC50 (ABTS) = 8.49 ± 2.28 μg/mL; IC50 (superoxide) = 0.43 ± 0.17 μg/mL; IC50 (NO) = 230.4 ± 130.4 μg/mL; and the highest phenolic content was estimated to 212.46 ± 7.05 mg GAE/L). In addition, there was a strong correlation between phenolic content and the free-radical scavenging activity assays. HPLC-MS study identified nine compounds from the LT-ethanol: water extract including Justicidin B and Beta peltain have been previously reported as secondary metabolites of Larrea tridentata.
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Vinuesa, Pablo, Milagros León-Barrios, Claudia Silva, Anne Willems, Adriana Jarabo-Lorenzo, Ricardo Pérez-Galdona, Dietrich Werner, and Esperanza Martínez-Romero. "Bradyrhizobium canariense sp. nov., an acid-tolerant endosymbiont that nodulates endemic genistoid legumes (Papilionoideae: Genisteae) from the Canary Islands, along with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bv. genistearum, Bradyrhizobium genospecies alpha and Bradyrhizobium genospecies beta." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63292-0.
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Highly diverse Bradyrhizobium strains nodulate genistoid legumes (brooms) in the Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain and the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, atpD, glnII and recA sequences revealed that these isolates represent at least four distinct evolutionary lineages within the genus, namely Bradyrhizobium japonicum and three unnamed genospecies. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that one of the latter represents a new taxonomic species for which the name Bradyrhizobium canariense is proposed. B. canariense populations experience homologous recombination at housekeeping loci, but are sexually isolated from sympatric B. japonicum bv. genistearum strains in soils of the Canary Islands. B. canariense strains are highly acid-tolerant, nodulate diverse legumes in the tribes Genisteae and Loteae, but not Glycine species, whereas acid-sensitive B. japonicum soybean isolates such as USDA 6T and USDA 110 do not nodulate genistoid legumes. Based on host-range experiments and phylogenetic analyses of symbiotic nifH and nodC sequences, the biovarieties genistearum and glycinearum for the genistoid legume and soybean isolates, respectively, were proposed. B. canariense bv. genistearum strains display an overlapped host range with B. japonicum bv. genistearum isolates, both sharing monophyletic nifH and nodC alleles, possibly due to the lateral transfer of a conjugative chromosomal symbiotic island across species. B. canariense is the sister species of B. japonicum, as inferred from a maximum-likelihood Bradyrhizobium species phylogeny estimated from congruent glnII+recA sequence partitions, which resolves eight species clades. In addition to the currently described species, this phylogeny uncovered the novel Bradyrhizobium genospecies alpha and beta and the photosynthetic strains as independent evolutionary lineages. The type strain for B. canariense is BTA-1T (=ATCC BAA-1002T=LMG 22265T=CFNE 1008T).
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Ocktarizka, Tria. "MAKNA PENYAJIAN GONDANG PADA PROSESI KEMATIAN MASYARAKAT BATAK TOBA DI KECAMATAN DOLOK MASIHUL PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA." INVENSI 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/invensi.v2i2.1869.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prosesi kematian masyarakat Batak Toba di Kecamatan Dolok Masihul, dan makna penyajian musik gondang pada prosesi kematian masyarakat Batak Toba di Kecamatan Dolok Masihul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gondang memiliki peranan penting sebagai iringan setiap upacara Suku Batak. Prosesi kematian saur matua (kematian yang diharapkan) menyajikan gondang dan tortor sesuai dengan tata aturan adat. Setiap jenis gondang yang didendangkan oleh pargonsi (pemain gondang) dalam prosesi kematian memiliki makna yang berbeda beda. Gondang mula-mula ini ditujukan untuk Tuhan. Gondang Mula-mula memiliki makna bahwa semula Dia (Tuhan) sudah ada, dan Dia (Tuhan) memulai ada. Gondang Somba dimaksudkan sebagai sembah syukur kepada Tuhan yang telah menciptakan dan memelihara hidup manusia. Gondang Mangaliat memiliki makna bahwa Tuhan senantiasa memberikan keselamatan, kebahagiaan dan kesejahteraan bagi keluarga yang ditinggalkan. Gondang Hasahatan memiliki makna bahwa segala pinta yang meliputi hidup sejahtera bahagia dan penuh rejeki didengar Tuhan. This study aims to describe the procession of Batak Toba’s death in Subdistrict of Dolok Masihul, and the meaning of serving music gondang on procession Batak Toba’s death in subdistrict of Dolok Masihul. This study is using a qualitative approach with descriptive type. The data collection was done by using observation, interview, and documenttaion techinques. The results showed that gondang has an important role as an accompaniment in every ceremony performed by Batak tribe community. Saur Matua (the expected death) funeral procession presented gondang and tortor based on the customary rules. Every kind of gondang which sang by pargonsi (gondang’s player) in funeral procession has the meaning all it is own. Gondang mula-mula is presented for God. Gondang mula-mula originally means that since the very beginning Him (God) is already there. Gondang Somba means as a praise to worship God who created and maintain human life. Gondang Mangaliat has a meaning that God is always giving a salvation, joy and prosperity for the family remained. Gondang Hasatan means that every request including the prosperity life and full of fortune which listened by God.
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Purna, I. Made. "BUDAYA TOLERANSI ORANG BALI DALAM NASKAH KUNO GEGURITAN SUCITA MUAH SUBUDHI." Kebudayaan 11, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/jk.v11i1.21.
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AbstractSince the earliest time, Indonesian has become a multicultural nation with diverse tribes,traditions, local languages, and religions. Thus, it is necessary to have a local wisdom thatcontains tolerance values and teaches respect towards ethnic diversity. Included in this case islocal wisdom that based on an ancient manuscript. The tolerant lifestyle among religious andethnic differences in Balinese community has been managed in the form of an ancient manuscriptGeguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi. This paper has three objectives: first, to explain the values inthe Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi; second, to describe the actualization form of toleranceimplemented by the Balinese; and third, to expose the functions Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhiin Balinese society. The method used in this study is content analysis. The main process to obtaindata is through ancient manuscripts Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi, related researches andother relevant information. The results shows that tolerance in Bali is performed well. It evenabsorbs cultural elements from various religions and ethnicities in the land of Bali. Tolerancelifestyle can be actualized through traditional organizations and social activities, as well asarranged through the concepts of local wisdom.Keywords: tolerance, religion, multiculture, brotherhood.AbstrakSejak zaman dahulu bangsa Indonesia sudah menjadi bangsa multikultur dengan beragamsuku, tradisi, bahasa daerah dan agama yang berbeda-beda. Untuk itu diperlukan kearifanlokal yang mengandung nilai-nilai toleransi dan saling menghargai atas keberagaman etnis.Termasuk dalam hal ini kearifan lokal yang bersumber dari naskah kuno. Pengelolaan polahidup toleran antara penganut yang berbeda agama maupun etnis pada masyarakat Bali sudahdituangkan dalam bentuk naskah kuno Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi. Tulisan ini mempunyaitiga tujuan: Pertama, memaparkan nilai-nilai dalam lontar Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi;kedua, memaparkan tentang bentuk aktualisasi toleransi yang dilaksanakan oleh Orang Bali;ketiga, memaparkan fungsi Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi dalam masyarakat Bali. Metodeyang digunakan adalah analisis isi (content analysis). Proses pengambilan data yang utamamelalui naskah kuno Geguritan Sucita Muah Subudhi dan hasil penelitian serta informasi yangrelevan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa toleransi di Bali berjalan baik. Bahkansaling menyerap unsur budaya yang dibawa dari berbagai agama dan etnik yang ada di tanahBali. Hidup toleransi dapat diaktualisasikan pembuktianya melalui organisasi tradisional, dankegiatan sosial, serta ditata melalui konsep-konsep kearifan lokal.Kata Kunci: toleransi, agama, multikultural, nyama
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Sutrisno, Andri. "INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-AMIEN PRENDUAN." Al'Adalah 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/aladalah.v24i1.64.
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Ilmu tasawuf merupakan suatu ilmu yang mengutamakan diri manusia agar memiliki kebersihan ruhani dan jiwa. Di Pondok Pesantren al-Amien Prenduan menanamkan nilai-nilai yang ada dalam ilmu tasawuf. Hal ini bertujuan agar para santri selalu taat pada perintah Allah Swt. dan memiliki nilai-nilai persatuan antar-sesama santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan. Adapun metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pertama, proses internalisasi nilai-nilai tasawuf melalui nilai Ilahi dan nilai insani di Pondok Pesantren al-Amien Prenduan; kedua, bahwa faktor pendukung dalam internalisasi nilai tasawuf melalui upaya pendampingan pendidikan selama 24 jam dan suri tauladan yang baik oleh para kiai dan para guru. Sedangkan faktor penghambat internalisasi tersebut antara lain para santri masih banyak yang melanggar disiplin pondok dan karena latar belakang keberagaman suku yang berbeda-beda baik dari Jawa, luar Jawa atau bahkan dari luar Indonesia.Sufism is a science that prioritizes human beings in order to have the cleanliness of the soul and spirit. The boarding school of al-Amien Prenduan instilled the values that exist in the science of Sufism. The goal is for the students to always obey the command of Allah Almighty and have the values of unity among fellow students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to the type of field research. The data collection method uses observation, interview and documentation. Then the data is analyzed with data reduction, data presentation and conclusion withdrawal. The results of this study show that: 1) the process of internalization of the Sufism values in boarding schools through divine values and human values; 2) supporting factors in internalizing the value of Sufism with the assistance and education for 24 hours and good suri tauladan from the kiai and teachers. While the inhibitory factor is among the students are still many who violate the discipline of the cottage and because of the background of the diversity of different tribes both from Java, outside Java or even outside Indonesia.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 159, no. 1 (2003): 189–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003756.
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-Timothy Barnard, J.M. Gullick, A history of Selangor (1766-1939). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1989, vi + 220 pp. [MBRAS Monograph 28.] -Okke Braadbaart, Michael L. Ross, Timber booms and institutional breakdown in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvi + 237 pp. -H.J.M. Claessen, Patrick Vinton Kirch ,Hawaiki, ancestral Polynesia; An essay in historical anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvii + 375 pp., Roger C. Green (eds) -Harold Crouch, R.E. Elson, Suharto; A political biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xix + 389 pp. -Kees van Dijk, H.W. Arndt ,Southeast Asia's economic crisis; Origins, lessons, and the way forward. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1999, ix + 182 pp., Hal Hill (eds) -Kees van Dijk, Sebastiaan Pompe, De Indonesische algemene verkiezingen 1999. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 1999, 290 pp. -David van Duuren, Albert G. van Zonneveld, Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago. Leiden: Zwartenkot art books, 2001, 160 pp. -Peter van Eeuwijk, Christian Ph. Josef Lehner, Die Heiler von Samoa. O Le Fofo; Monographie über die Heiler und die Naturheilmethoden in West-Samoa. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1999, 234 pp. [Mensch und Gesellschaft 4.] -Hans Hägerdal, Frans Hüsken ,Reading Asia; New research of Asian studies. Richmond: Curzon, 2001, xvi + 338 pp., Dick van der Meij (eds) -Terence E. Hays, Jelle Miedema ,Perspectives on the Bird's head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia; Proceedings of the conference, Leiden, 13-17 October 1997. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998, xiii + 982 pp. (editors with the assistance of Connie Baak), Cecilia Odé, Rien A.C. Dam (eds) -Menno Hekker, Peter Metcalf, They lie, we lie; Getting on with anthropology. London: Routledge, 2002, ix + 155 pp. -David Henley, Foong Kin, Social and behavioural aspects of malaria control; A study among the Murut of Sabah. Phillips, Maine: Borneo research council , 2000, xx + 241 pp. [BRC Occasional paper 1.] -Gerrit Knaap, Frédéric Mantienne, Les relations politiques et commerciales entre la France et la péninsule Indochinoise (XVIIe siècle). Paris: Les Indes Savantes, 2001, 395 pp. -Uli Kozok, James T. Collins, Malay, world language; A short history. Second edition. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan bahasa dan pustaka, 2000, xii + 101 pp. -Nathan Porath, Hoe Ban Seng, Semalai communities at Tasek Bera; A study of the structure of an Orang Asli society. [A.S. Baer and R. Gianno, eds.] Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli concerns, 2001, xii + 191 pp. -Nathan Porath, Narifumi Maeda Tachimoto, The Orang Hulu; A report on Malaysian orang asli in the 1960's. [A.S. Baer, ed.] Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli concerns, 2001, xiv + 104 pp. -Martin Ramstedt, Raechelle Rubinstein ,Staying local in the global village; Bali in the twentieth century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999, xiii + 353 pp., Linda H. Connor (eds) -Albert M. Salamanca, Thomas R. Leinbach ,Southeast Asia: diversity and development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000, xiii + 594 pp., Richard Ulack (eds) -Heather Sutherland, Muhamad Hisyam, Caught between three fires; The Javanese pangulu under the Dutch colonial administration, 1882-1942. Jakarta: Indonesian-Netherlands cooperation in Islamic studies (INIS), 2001, 331 pp. [Seri INIS 37.] -Heather Sutherland, Roderich Ptak, China's seaborne trade with South and Southeast Asia (1200-1750). Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999, xii + 366 pp. [Variorum collected studies series CS638.] -Sikko Visscher, M. Jocelyn Armstrong ,Chinese populations in contemporary Southeast Asian societies. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2001, xiv + 268 pp., R. Warwick Armstrong, Kent Mulliner (eds) -Reed Wadley, Clifford Sather, Seeds of play, words of power; An ethnographic study of Iban shamanic chants. Kuching: Tun Jugah foundation, 2001, xvii + 753 pp. [Borneo classic series 5.] -Boris Wastiau, Raymond Corbey, Tribal art traffic; A chronicle of taste, trade and desire in colonial and post-colonial times. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 2000, 255 pp. -Willem G. Wolters, Wong Kwok-Chu, The Chinese in the Philippine economy, 1898-1941. Quezon city: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999, xvi + 279 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Stephen Mansfield, Lao hill tribes; Traditions and patterns of existence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, vii + 91 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Jean Michaud, Turbulent times and enduring people; Mountain minorities in the South-East Asian Massif. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000, xiii + 255 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Jane Richard Hanks ,Tribes of the northern Thailand frontier. (with a foreword by Nicola Tannenbaum), New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asia studies, 2001, xlviii + 319 pp. [Monograph 51.], Lucien Mason Hanks (eds)
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Aydin, Suavi. "A Survey of the Roots and History of Kurdish Alevism: What are the Divergences and Convergences between Kurdish Alevi Groups in Turkey?" Kurdish Studies 8, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i1.551.
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This article focuses on the generic form of Alevism, commonly referred to as “Anatolian Alevism”, asking how ethnic and tribal divergences occurred, their interrelationships and the basis of the differences and similarities. It assumes that the beliefs and practices known collectively as “Anatolian Alevism” constitute a “wholistic structure” that refers to the joint possession of a common set of ritualistic and mythic attributes and characteristics. In this context, “Anatolian Alevism” presents a distinctive attribute compared to other beliefs thought to be similar or connected to which Alevism is related in some ways although it is also the product of a different history and belief pattern. The central concern is to provide an understanding of the historical establishment and interrelationship of Kırmanjki and Kurmanji speaking Alevi tribes and their similarities and differences compared to Turkish/Turkmen Alevism despite their strong structural associations. KURMANJI: Nêrînek li ser reh û dîroka elewîtiya kurdî: Cudatî û Wekheviyên di nav komên elewiyên kurd li Tirkiyeyê Pirsa serekî di vê gotarê de ew e ka "elewîtiya kurdî" xwedanê cihekî taybet û dîrokeke xwe ye li nav wê baweriya ku wek "elewîtiya Anatolê" tê zanîn. Ji bo vê armancê, gotar li rehên dîrokî û geşedana bawerî û cemaeta ku em dibêjinê "elewîtiya kurdî" dinêre, û wekhevî û cudatiyên di navbera komên elewî yên kurmancî-ziman û kirmanckî-ziman dinirxîne. Gotar li ser wan pirsan hûr dibe ku dikevine nav şiklê berbelav ê elewîtiyê, ku bi rengekî asayî wek "elewîtiya anatolê" tê zanîn, û dikeve dû pirsa ka cudabûnên qewmî û eşîrî çawa pêk hatin, çi têkilî hene di navbera wan de û çi heye di bingehê wan cudatî û wekheviyan de. Gotar hizreke ne-bingehger dide pêş li ser têgihiştina damezrandina dîrokî û têkiliyên navxweyî yên eşîrên elewî yên zaza (kirmanckî-ziman) û kurmancî-ziman, û wekhevî û cudatiyên wan gava mirov ligel elewîtiya tirk/turkman dide ber hev sererayî manendiyên wan ên binyadî yên bihêz. SORANI: Rumallêkî rîşe û dîrokî kurdanî 'elewî: cyawazîyekan û nzîkbûnewekanî nêwan grupekanî kurdî 'elewî le turkya Em babete terkîz dexate ser forme giştîyekey 'elewîzm, ke beşêweyekî baw wek "'elewîzmî enadoll" amajey pêdedrêt, deprisêt çon cyawazîye etnîkî û hozîyekan û peywendîye nawxoyyekanîyan we payey cyawazî û lêkçunekanîyan rûydawe. Twêjîneweke waydadenêt ke ew bawerr û praktîsaney begşitî wek "'elewîzmî enadollî" nasrawe "sitraktorî giştî" (grîmaney serekî pesendikraw lelayen cvakî 'elewî le turkya) pêkdênêt, ewey ke amaje dedat be bûnî komellêk sîfet û taybetmendî nerîtî û efsaneyî hawbeş. Lem çwarçêweyeda, beberawrid legell bawerrekanî tir ke wa debînrên be corêk le corekan legell 'elewîzimda hawşêwen yan peywendîyan pêkewe heye "'elewîzmî enadollî" sîfetî cyakerewey heye herçende berhemî mêjû û şêwey bîrkirdnewekeyşî cyawaz bêt. Krokî babeteke desteberkirdnî têgeyîştinêke derbarey bunyad û pêwendîye xobexoyyekanî hoze axêwerekanî kirmancekî û kirmancîye 'elewîyekan we cyawazî û leyekçunekanîyan legell 'elewîye turk/turkmanekan sererray sitraktorî behêzî komellekanyan. ZAZAKI: Derheqê ristim û tarîxê elewîyîya kurdan de cigêrayîş: Tirkîya de cîyayî û nêzdîbîyayîşê grûbanê elewîyanê kurdan Na meqale formê elewîyî yo pêroyî ke sey “elewîyîya Anadolîye” name bena, aye ser giranî dana. Pers beno ke cîyayîyê etnîk û eşîrkî, pagirêdayîşê înan û bingeyê cîyayî û yewbînanromendişî senî ameyê ra. Ferz beno ke bawerî û urf û adetê ke bi hewayêko pêroyî sey “elewîyîya Anadolîye” nas benê, ê “awanîyêka pêrogire” anê pê ke wayîrîya hempare yê komsifet û taybetmendîyanê adetî û mîstîkan qesd kena (no qeneato umûmî yo ke hetê komelê elewîyanê Tirkîya ra qebul beno). Herçiqas ke goreyê bawerîyanê bînan ê ke texmînan ra gore nêzdî yan zî girêdayeyê elewîyî yê û herçiqas ke elewîyîye qalibanê tarîx û bawerî yê cîya-cîyayan ra yena pêra, la bi tewirêk ancî ê bawerîyanê bînan de têkildar a, ancîya na çarçewa de “elewîyîya Anadolîye” wayîra sifetêkê taybetî ya. Eleqeya bingeyêne a ya ke hem derheqê pagirêdayîş û awanîya tarîxî yê eşîranê elewîyan ê ke kirmanckî û kurmanckî (kirdaskî) qesey kenê de, hem zî, goreyê elewîyîya tirke/tirkmene û duştê heme nêzdîyîya xo ya awankîye de, derheqê cîyayî û yewbînanromendişê înan de îzahat bêro pêkêşkerdene.
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Sukarta, Sukarta. "Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Dakwah Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran Al-Islam di Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram." Al-I'lam: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam 1, no. 2 (March 3, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jail.v1i2.229.
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Abstrak: Latar belakang dan perbedaan suku, budaya, ormas, paham keagamaan serta agama yang berbeda berpotensi menimbulkan konflik jika tidak terjadi saling memahami dan menghormati satu dengan yang lainnya apalagi tingkat heterogenitas dan pluralitas budaya yang sangat kompleks di Indonesia. Untuk itu penting sekali internalisasi nilai-nilai Dakwah multikultural dalam pembelajaran Al-Islam sebagai langkah preventif. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Dakwah Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran Al-Islam di Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Dengan fokus penelitian mencakup: (1) Nilai-nilai Dakwah multikultural apa saja yang diinternalisasikan dalam pembelajaran Al-Islam di Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram (2) Bagaimana proses internalisasi nilai-nilai Dakwah multikultural dalam pembelajaran Al-Islam di Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram.Pendekatan yang peneliti gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif atau dengan melakukan pendekatan deskriptif analitik, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tehnik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.Tehnik analisa meliputi reduksi data, display data dan verifikasi data, pengecekan keabsahan temuan dilakukan dengan cara perpanjangan keikutsertaan penelitin, persistent observation (ketekunan Pengamatan) dan triangulasi. Sumber informan peneliti adalah dosen Al-Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, dekan FKIP UMM, ketua lembaga pengkajian dan pengamalan Islam (LP2I) UMM, mahasiswa. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Nilai-nilai yang diinternalisasikan dalam pembelajaran Al-Islam adalah nilai Ilahiyah dan nilai Insaniyah. Nilai ilahiyah ditekankan kepada mahasiswa yang multikultural homogen atau seagama namun berbeda ormas, suku dan budaya adapun nilai insaniyah ditekankan kepada multikultural beda agama. (2) Proses internalisasi nilai-nilai Dakwah multikultural dalam pembelajaran Al-Islam di UMM terwujud dalam bentuk beberapa kegiatan keislaman baik di dalam kelas maupun di luar kelas seperti: pembelajaran Al-Islam di dalam kelas, shalat dzuhur berjamaah di masjid kampus dan dilanjutkan dengan siraman rohani atau kultum, sertifikasi baca Al-Quran, Tausiyah berupa Imtaq setiap sabtu pagi, shalat jumat di masjid. Proses tersebut dilakukan dalam beberapa strategi yaitu melakukan perencanaan progam kegiatan, melakukan kerjasama dengan organisasai kemahasiswaan seperti Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah, memberikan teladan kepada mahasiswa, melakukan pendekatan kepada mahasiswa, dan strategi memanfaatkan kebijakan pimpinan. Hasilnya adalah mahasiswa bisa saling bertoleransi dalam perbedaan dan terwujud suasana yang kondusif dan aman. Abstract : Background and differences of ethnicity, culture, mass organizations, different religions and religious ideals have potentials to cause conflict if it does not create mutual understanding and respect for each other, especially the level of heterogeneity and cultural plurality that is very conflex in Indonesia. Therefore, it is pretty important to internalize the values of multicultural da'wah in Al-Islam learning as a preventive measure. The focus of this research is to discuss the Internalization of Multicultural Da'wah Values in Al-Islam Learning at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. With the focus of research include: (1) What multicultural values of da'wah are internalized in Al-Islam learning at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram (2) How is the process of internalizing the values of multicultural da'wah in Al-Islam learning at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram.The approach used by this research is qualitative approach and the type of research used is descriptive or by analytical descriptive approach, data collection is done by interview technique, observation and documentation. Analysis techniques include data reduction, data display and data verification, checking the validity of the findings carried out by extending the participation of research, persistent observation and triangulation. Sources of research informant is lecturer of Al-Islam Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, Dean of FKIP UMM, Head of Islamic study and practice (LP2I) UMM, students. The results of this study are: (1) the values internalized in Al-Islam learning are Illahiyah values and Insaniyah values. Ilahiyah value is emphasized to students who are multicultural homogeneous or religious but in different mass organizations, tribes and cultures while the value of insaniyah is emphasized to multicultural religions. (2) The process of internalization of multicultural da'wah values in the learning of Al-Islam in UMM is manifested in the form of some Islamic activities both in class and outside the class such as: Al-Islam learning in the classroom, dzuhur praying in the campus Mosque and continued with splash of spiritual or seven minutes speech (kultum), certification of reading Al-Quran, Tausiyah in the form of Imtaq every Saturday morning, prayer Friday at the Mosque. The process is carried out in several strategies, ie planning activities program, collaborating with student organizations such as Muhammadiyah Student Association, providing examples to students, approaching students, and strategies to utilize leadership policies. The result is that students can tolerate each other in a different way and create a conducive and safe environment.