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Journal articles on the topic 'Belarusian'
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1
Feldman, Anna. "Minsk, Pinsk and other places." Index on Censorship 25, no. 1 (January 1996): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209602500133.
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‘The Jews who live here, in their new homeland, have taken over more from the Belarusians than the Belarusians have taken from them. The mighty force of the Belarusian land has given a special spiritual and physical appearance to the Belarusian Jews. Now they differ from all other Jews, and throughout the whole world they are called “Litvaks”.’ The Jews of Belarusia Zmitrok Biadula (Minsk 1918)
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Barinov, Igor. "Belarus and Belarusians in the Anti-Polish Strategy of Germany, 1915–1939." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2022): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.1-2.1.02.
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The article discusses the role of the Belarusians and the Belarussian ethnic territory in the German strategy against Poland until 1939. The “Polish question” has traditionally been one of the most painful for the German state since the partitions of Poland. The First World War and the German occupation of most of ethnographic Poland put his decision it on the agenda. Recognizing the probable existence of Polish statehood, the German leadership were simultaneously looking for an effective counterbalance to it. This issue became urgent after the revival of Poland in 1918. Until the beginning of World War II, the Germans closely followed the development of the national minorities on the territory controlled by Poles. The Belarusian national movement, contrary to popular belief, was perceived positively by the Germans and was considered as one of the ways to undermine the internal situation in the Polish state. The situation changed drastically after the defeat of Poland in September 1939. The transition of the Belarusian lands under Soviet control and the urgent tasks of consolidating the German nation took the Belarusian problem out of consideration. Despite the appearance of supporters of the German-Belarusian rapprochement in the Reich, political and military leaders did not determine the place of the Belarusians in the future German strategy.
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Charniauski, Aleksandr. "Level of national self-identification of Belarusians in Latvia in 1918–1940." East Slavic Studies 1 (2022): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2782-473x.2022.1.08.
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The Belarusian diaspora in interwar Latvia was one of the most active and successful in the world. During this period, diaspora activists participated in the development of the system of Belarusian educational institutions (for example, Society “Baćkaŭščyna” played a leading role in the opening of nearly fifty Belarusian schools), published books and newspapers, founded theatres, conducted ethnographic researches. Belarusian national movement in Latvia was not limited to the creation of cultural and educational organizations: a number of political associations appeared (for example, the Society of Belarusian Voters, the Belarusian Democratic Party), the main purpose of which was to create representation of the Belarusian minority in government agencies. Nevertheless, despite the scale of Belarusians’ activities, the history of the Belarusian minority in this country needs more investigations. That also applies to the issue of the level of national self-identification of local Belarusians. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and factors that determined the level of self-identification of Latvian Belarusians. Population censuses showed that the number of Belarusians fluctuated significantly. The study examines the possible causes of these fluctuations, the impact of literacy level, cultural and educational initiatives of the Belarusian minority, interethnic relations and other factors.
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Kobets, Olga. "«Sentenced to Belarusization»: Smolensk Belarusians in the 1920s (to the Question of Their Number)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (53) (April 12, 2021): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-53-1-199-217.
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In 1921, based on decisions of the 10th Congress of the RCP(b), the country would begin to implement a national policy that received the common name –korenization (nativization). In Belarus and in the Russian regions bor-dering the republic, it would be called belarusization. The active phase of this policy would continue until the end of the 1920s. For residents of the BSSR, it would mean the development of Belarusian culture (schools, universities in the Belarusian language, Belarusian literature, the publication of Belarusian books, etc.), the nomination of Belarusians for the party, Soviet, professional and pub-lic work, the transfer of party and stateapparatus and parts of the Red Army to the Belarusian language.During the first half of the 1920s, the young Belarusian republic would significantly grow in the former territories of Russia. As a result of these trans-formations, a large number of border territories appeared between the RSFSR and the BSSR, where, at different periods, the population included both Russian and Belarusian. It is Russian-Belarusian and Belarusian-Russian society that would have difficulties in adaptation to the official Belarusian state policy initi-ated by Moscow and declared by Minsk. Due to its historical development, Smolensk Governorate was just one of those Russian territories that, like the Belarusian border counties, were «sen-tenced» to the policy of belarusization throughout the 1920s.Not all of the Belarusian population of the governorate enthusiastically joined in the implementation of this policy. However, before talking about whether it was necessary and needed for the Belarusians living in Smolensk Governorate, oneshould first decide on the question, what was the size of this Belarusian «interlayer» of the population lived in the Smolensk region, and how many Smolensk Belarusians should be affected by belarusization.
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Hentschel, Gerd, and Jan Patrick Zeller. "Belarusians’ pronunciation: Belarusian or Russian? Evidence from Belarusian-Russian mixed speech." Russian Linguistics 38, no. 2 (April 17, 2014): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-014-9126-1.
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Konta, Rostyslav. "Ethnic Factors in the Formation of the Belarusian People and Nation. Review of Anatoly Ostapenko’s monograph «The Role of Ethnic Factors and Modern Processes in the Formation of the Belarusian Nation. Minsk: BIP, 2020. – 373 p.»." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 63 (2021): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.19.
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Anatoly Ostapenko’s monograph «The Role of Ethnic Factors and Modern Processes in the Formation of the Belarusian Nation»” is reviewed. It is noted that the monograph is devoted to a topical and little-studied problem in historical science. It is emphasized that the sections of the reviewed monograph contain valuable analytical and critical material concerning the origins and time of formation of the Belarusian ethnos, the evolution of the religious worldview of Belarusians, the formation of the Belarusian nation and Belarusian statehood, the mentality of Belarusians and Belarusian identity. It is concluded that the peer-reviewed monograph will occupy a worthy place not only in the scientific achievements in the field of ethnological science, but also in historical science in general.
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Novikova, Liudmyla. "THE STATE OF RESEARCH OF THE HISTORY OF BELARUSIANS IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE IN THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA: AN OVERVIEW OF MODERN PUBLICATIONS." Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, no. 16 (December 24, 2021): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2021.16.245747.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of contemporary Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish historiography of the history of Belarusians in the south of Ukraine and in Odesa and the district during the Ukrainian National-Democratic Revolution. The scientific relevance of the problem of research is associated with an insufficient level of its research in Ukrainian historiography. This aspect was chosen with taking into account the fact that during the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution of 1917-1920 the territory of Southern Ukraine, mainly the city of Odesa and the district, due to economic ties and its political significance, became an important region for concentration of Belarusians, their trade activities, participation in political life and national state construction, etc. Of particular interest are the researches of M. Sсhavlinskiy, D. Mikhalyuk, O. Zubko. The researchers from Odesa are represented insufficiently. Researchers address such important problems as the creation of the Belarusian National Council in Odesa, the Belarusian National Commissariat and the Consulate, the activities of Belarusian national organizations. Most of the research examines the history of Belarusians in the south of Ukraine and the city of Odesa in the context of studying other problems. As a result of the study, it was found that in modern historiography – Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish – some aspects of the history of Belarusians in the south of Ukraine, mainly in Odesa and the district, were covered for the period of 1917-1919.The researches are as special as and more general, in which events in the region are mentioned briefly in the context of a wider problem related mainly to the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian state construction. As a rule, the investigators are limited only to mentions of personalities, or briefly characterize the Odesa period of their biographies. Further research requires the problem of interaction between the Belarusian ethnic group in the population of Odesa and in the south of Ukraine in the early XX century and Belarusian refugees during World War I, also Belarusian cultural and educational activities in the south mentioned in the research literature, etc.
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AUSEICHYK, ULADZIMIR Ya. "THE IMAGE OF OLD BELIEVERS IN THE FOLKLORE TRADITION OF THE BELARUSIANS IN THE DVINA REGION (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE XIX – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY)." Belarusian folklore: data and research, no. 9 (April 4, 2022): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2411-2763-2022-9-79-104.
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One of the most important places of compact settlement of Russian Old Believers in the Belarusian lands is located in the northern part of the country (in the Belarusian Dvina region). The process of Old Believers’ resettlement to this region began in the middle of the XVII century. In the article, on the basis of folklore and ethnographic sources, the image of Old Believers in the popular culture of the Belarusians of Padzvinnie in the XIX – early XXI centuries is considered. The significant part of the materials consisted of the author’s own writings, compiled during 2005–2021. One can conclude that confessional factor played an essential role in shaping the image of Old Believers. Religion played an exceptional role in the identity of Old Believers. Also, the isolated and closed lifestyle of Old Believers significantly influenced the number and character of contacts with the local Belarusian population. For the Belarusians in this region, their economic activities, language, way of life and rituals were also important in characterizing the “outsiders”. In the eyes of the Belarusan population, Old Believers were good farmers, artisans and merchants. The prohibition of smoking tobacco, alcoholism, strict observance of the given word and fasting are positive features of their household culture. But at the same time, some categories of the Old Believers’ population were ascribed magical powers, criticized simplified marriages and ignored the property rights of the indigenous population. At the same time, it should be noted that many perceptions in relation to the Old Believers as well as to the local Belarusian population, were ascribed to the representatives of other “alien” (ethnic, confessional, professional) communities and in many respects were caused by the features of perception in the conditions of the traditional society. The analysis of the materials of the modern field folklore ethnographical researches in the region testifies to the fact that starting from the middle of the XX century the distance in the interaction between the Belarusians and Russian Old Believers has significantly decreased, and the mutual relations are characterized by good-neighbourliness.
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Gorny, Aleksandr S. "Belarusian national democratic and polonophilic organizations in interwar Poland." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2020): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.1.06.
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The author of the article identifies three trends of the Belarusian national movement in the Western Belarusian lands in Poland during the interwar period: the radical left-wing, the national-democratic, and the polonophilic. The activities of the Belarusian radical left-wing in Western Belarus have been studied in detail in the Soviet historiography. There are still many gaps in the activities of Belarusian national-democratic and polonophilic political structures. Belarusian national democratic organizations in interwar Poland (The Belarusian Christian democracy, The Belarusian Peasant Union, V. Hadleuski’s group “The Belarusian front”, The Orthodox Belarusian democratic association, etc.) used in their activities legal forms of fight for the national rights of Belarusians, sought to unite Belarusian lands and to create an independent Belarusian state following the example of European republics. The polonophiles in the Belarusian movement (The Regional Union, The Temporary Belarusian Rada, The Belarusian Radical People’s Party, the Luckievich-Astrouski group, etc.) adhered to the idea of cooperation with the institutions of the Polish authorities in order to achieve national and cultural concessions for the Belarusian people. The Polonophiles did not enjoy wide support among the population and existed due to the financial help of the Polish authorities.
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Michaluk, Dorota. "The Political Rivalry for Belarus Between Belarusian Socialists and Bolsheviks in 1917 – 1919. The Establishment of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 31 (December 12, 2022): 255–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2022.31.255.
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The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of the rivalry between Bolsheviks and Belarusian socialists for the future of the Belarusian lands in 1918-1920. The research methodology is based on the principles of scholarship, historicism, systematism and historical analysis. The scientific novelty of the results of this study lies in the reconstruction of the events related to the creation of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus. Conclusions: At the end of World War I, after the February Revolution, the process of formation of an independent Belarusian state by Belarusian socialists began. Although the Belarusian People's Republic was proclaimed on March 25, 1918, Belarusians did not manage to create their own state. It was determined by many internal and external factors. One of them being the political and territorial aspirations of the Bolsheviks and a rivalry between them and the Belarusian socialists for the future of the Belarusian lands. Conclusions: Belarusians, and therefore the Belarusian national movement, found themselves in a specific situation during the war. In the years 1915-1918, the Belarusian lands were divided by the Russian-German front line. As a result, military and civilians from the depths of Russia came to the frontier zone. After the February Revolution, the Russian army in the Western District and the Front began to become strongly politicized, focusing on various political and national programs. Belarusian socialists, including the military, gathered in the Central Belarusian Military Council opted for the creation of a Belarusian republic, first in a federation with Russia, and soon (after the Bolshevik coup) they leaned towards its independence. The military Bolsheviks were in favor of the incorporation of Belarusian lands into Russia as the West District. The conflict of interest between the Belarusian socialists and the Russian Bolsheviks was revealed at the All-Belarusian Congress held in Minsk in December, when Congress was brutally dispersed by the military Bolsheviks. The aspirations of the Belarusian socialists and position of the Belarusian communists were determined, among others, by the creation of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus proclaimed twice on January 1, 1919 and July 31, 1920 just before the offensive against Warsaw. It was supported by Soviet Russia as a counterbalance to the activities of the Belarusian independence camp and Polish influence in Belarus
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Grzybowski, Jerzy. "Komitet Białoruski w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie (1940–1945)." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 11 (November 6, 2018): 32–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7232.
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The subject of this study is the activity of the Belarusians in the General Government in 1940–1945. Belarusians were the fifth largest ethnic group in the GG. The German occupation authorities, applying the principle of “divide and conquer”, were ready to give Belarusians some freedom in the sphere of culture, religion and economy. In 1940, the Belarusian Committee was established in Warsaw, with branches in Biała Podlaska and Kraków. The majority of committee members were Belarusians and Poles – prisoners of war and refugees from the Soviet occupation zone of Poland. As a priority of this organization, cultural, educational and religious activities among the Belarusians in the General Government were recognized. The activists of the committee managed to create a school in Warsaw and two parishes (Orthodox and Catholic). Belarusian activities faced some difficulties. Serious problems for the Belarusians Committee caused the activities of Ukrainian organizations in the GG. One of the episodes in the history of the Belarusian Committee is the cooperation of its activists with German military intelligence.
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Gabranova, Jūlija. "Poļu izcelsmes vārdi Latvijas baltkrievu presē 20. gs. sākumā." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 26 (November 23, 2022): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2022.26.219.
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This article is a continuation of the research that the author has carried out analysing the contacts between Belarusian and Latvian languages in Belarusian periodicals published in the 20th century. This study analyses the influence of Polish in the Belarusian language of Latvia, as reflected in the periodicals of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to present some aspects of the influence of Polish in the local Belarusian language. The importance of Polish and Belarusian as contact languages in Latvia is mainly determined by the historical and areal aspects of language contact. Poles and Belarusians are territorial neighbours with close genetic ties and long-standing economic, cultural, and political relations. Poles and Belarusians are Latvian minorities whose history is linked to Latgale. Polish was, for a long time, the dominant language in the religious sphere (Catholicism) and culture, so in the local Belarusian periodicals, it is possible to observe the influence of Polish in the Latvian Belarusian language, which was reflected in the use of some Polish words and word components. As languages come into contact, it can lead to borrowing from one language into another. Interference occurs when linguistic norms are mixed and other linguistic norms are picked up so that deviations from the norms of the mother tongue can occur under the influence of the contact language.
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Grzybowski, Jerzy. "Belarusian education in General District Latvia (1941–1945)." Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 56, no. 3 (January 3, 2022): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sdr.2021.en6.03.
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The article deals with the Belarusian school system in Latvia under German occupation. Belarusians were one of the most numerous minorities in that country, both in the inter-war period and during World War Two. In German-occupied Latvia, Belarusian nationality was declared by more than 50,000 people. For political reasons, the occupation authorities allowed Belarusian schools to operate in areas with significant Belarusian population. As a result, thirty-five primary schools, two middle schools, and one secondary agricultural school, employing about a hundred teachers in total, were opened. These schools were attended by a few thousand pupils, the majority of which were children of petty and landless peasants. The Belarusian school system struggled because of numerous material issues.
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Getka, Joanna. "Missing Chain? Challenges for the Contemporary Study of 18th Century Belarusian Language and Culture." Journal of Belarusian Studies 10, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/20526512-12350005.
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Abstract The dominant axiom of Belarusian historical linguistics holds that the Belarusian literary language was created in the 19th century. According to this perspective, the contemporary Belarusian literary language is a new entity, separate from the old writing tradition. Its supporters therefore sanction the thesis that this writing tradition was broken, despite recent research proving the continuity of the Belarusian language. The present analysis shows that the reproduction of cliches about ‘the breaking of the tradition’ in textbooks used for teaching Belarusian language cause significant cognitive dissonance. Modern conscious Belarusians are building their identity based on the tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, feeling themselves its heirs. The building of a modern identity should, however, incorporate references to language which is an important component of it. The analyzed textbooks contradict this by maintaining that the Belarusian literary language has its roots in the 19th century.
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Matiash, Iryna. "First Belarusian Foreign Missions in Ukraine (1918): Attempt To Establish Diplomatic Relations Between The UPR And The BPR (Romance of Hope and Reality)." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-3.
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The article highlights attempts to establish official intergovernmental relations between the Belarusian People’s Republic and the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1917–1920. The article also pays attention to the creation of the Belarusian People's Republic, the persons of its representatives and attempts to preserve the Belarusian statehood. The author stresses that the first official contacts had already been started before the proclamation of the independence of the BPR. Relying upon archival information from the funds of the Ukrainian and Belarusian archival institutions, the activities of the Belarusian foreign missions in the UPR and the Ukrainian State are highlighted. Accomplishments of the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish historiography regarding the study of the history of interstate relations between the UPR and BPR are considered. The paper analyses the position of Belarusian representatives in the negotiation process with the Ukrainian side. It is specified that the Belarusian delegation having the right to deliberative vote included prominent Belarusians, who resided in Kyiv: M. Dovnar-Zapolskyi, I. Kraskovskyi, F. Burchak. Attempts to gain recognition of the BPR by Ukraine are studied. Special attention is paid to the role of the representatives of the BPR (F. Burchak, A. Tsvikevych, S. Rak-Mykhailovskyi, P. Trempovych), the undisclosed facts about their life paths are revealed. Keywords: BPR, Belarusian foreign missions in Ukraine, Aleksiuk, Trempovych, Tsvikevych, Dovnar-Zapolskyi, Belarusian Chamber of Commerce.
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Monina, Vera, and Barbara Weżgowiec. "Białoruska poezja protestu. Symbole, emocje i kontekst." Intercultural Relations 6, no. 1(11) (June 10, 2022): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rm.01.2022.11.04.
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BELARUSIAN PROTEST POETRY: SYMBOLS, EMOTIONS AND CONTEXT
The article discusses protest poetry written by Belarusians poets after the rigged elections on August 9, 2020 and during the so-called “Belarusian revolution”. Using the example of three poems in Russian, Belarusian and Polish, the paper tries to deconstruct the meaning of symbols actively used in protest poetry and also sketches the context in which these symbols exist. Poetry in the article is also considered as a way of expressing emotions at various structural levels.
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Kozhinova, Alla. "Soul in the Belarusian folk culture." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.4526.
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The article deals with the representation of the soul in mythological consciousness of the Belarusians, which is reflected in the folk culture texts. Research is based on the ethnolinguistic point of view. The ethnographic materials of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th centuries, modern studies of Belarusian folk culture and Belarusian dialect dictionaries are the factual basis of the research. The author proves that all pagan ideas in these texts are determined by the general paradigm of the Belarusian traditional culture, in which Christian and pagan principles coexist without an obvious priority.
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Ilyina, Anastasiya. "Belarusians in camps for displaced persons in West Germany in 1945–1952." Warsaw East European Review XII, no. 1 (August 10, 2022): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.61097/22992421/weerxii/2022/89-106.
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The article is devoted to the life of Belarusians in camps for displaced persons in West Germany, mainly in the British and American occupation zones. The period of “waiting” for further fate and departure to new countries and continents was characterized by another impetus for the Belarusians which, not surprisingly turned out to be a nation-building one. In Belarusian camps, perhaps even following the example of other national camps, there was schooling in the national language, active social and political life, and even religion. It was several years of Belarusians living in camps for displaced persons that became another stage in the existence of the Belarusian Autocephalous Church, which continues to exist in Belarusian diasporas around the world to this day. Printing numerous periodicals and public-political polemics in their columns, an active scouting movement, holding theatrical productions and secular events, creating professional unions - this is evidence that Belarusians held on to their identity, developed social ties that were active in new places throughout their lives. The camps were financial taken care of and control by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administrations (UNRRA). From 1 July 1947, the International Refugees Organization (IRO) but several years without ideological oppression and the imposition of someone else’s identity made it clear that Belarusians were able to independently expand their own cultural space.
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Pushkarenko, E. A. "German Propaganda of Anti-Semitism in the Occupied Soviet Territory (on the Example of the General District of Belarus)." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 2 (2022): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.203.
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This article examines anti-Semitic propaganda of German authorities in the occupied Soviet territory in the General District of Belarus. The author identifies the main directions of anti-Semitic propaganda, analyzes its content, determines the effectiveness of the ideological influence of the German occupation authorities on the Belarusian population, and proves that the occupiers tried to appeal to national feelings of Belarusians using anti-Semitism. The author concludes that the odious, false, anti-Semitic propaganda did not find a response among the Belarusian population of the district. Belarusians practically did not participate in the organization of the “new order”; in contrast to Ukraine and the Baltic States, it was difficult to create police battalions and a national administration. Mass actions of extermination of Belarusian Jews could not arouse any feelings among the witnesses, except horror and fear for their own lives. Together with the SS punitive expeditions against partisans and civilians, the genocide of the Jews leveled all the efforts of German propagandists and reduced the effectiveness of enemy propaganda to zero. A major role in exposing the content of Nazi propaganda and the true plans of the occupiers was played by partisan counter-propaganda and the very existence of a mass partisan movement. The occupiers’ calculations to incite hatred of Belarusians against Jews did not justify themselves: Belarusian and Jewish partisans fought shoulder to shoulder for the freedom of their common homeland — Soviet Belarus.
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Gorny, Aleksander. "Implementation of the Politics of Memory in the Belarusian National Movement in Interwar Poland." ISTORIYA 14, no. 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024132-4.
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The article deals with the little-studied issue of the memory politics of Belarusian national activists in interwar Western Belarus. In historiography, this issue is just beginning to acquire its own research field using new approaches and methods. The author of the article reveals the role of historical education and upbringing in the memory politics of Belarusians in interwar Poland, analyzes commemorative practices connected with the installation of monuments to famous Belarusian public figures in cemeteries and holding memorial events, gives a definition of the “literary” direction of historical politics, where representatives of Belarusian culture, rather than famous political figures, were in the first place.
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Grinberg, Svetlana A. "Ambivalence of the Image of Fire in the Belarusian National Culture." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-4-627-635.
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The relevance of this study is due to the current state of the information space associated with the rapid development of globalization processes. Under these conditions, traditional Belarusian culture may finally lose its identity, which will subsequently inevitably lead to the dissolution or complete loss of its unique mental traits. The article is devoted to the analysis of the mythological ideas of Belarusians, the peculiarities of their life, traditional holidays and rituals using fire as an important sacred element of the Belarusian national culture. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that fire is perceived by Belarusians as an element of ambivalent nature. Moreover, in their minds, fire is often presented as a phenomenon that has a positive effect on their way of life. Also in Belarusian traditions and rituals there is an inextricable connection between the cult of fire and the cult of ancestors. The author argues that at the present stage, the symbolism of fire plays an important role in the formation of a positive attitude towards the cultural heritage of Belarus. The “participation” of fire in the preservation and development of Belarusian national traditions has a positive impact on the formation of value orientations of society, including the younger generation.
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Maksymuk, L. M., and L. E. Levoniuk. "WAYS TO PRESERVE CULTURAL FOLK TRADITIONS AND NATIVE LANGUAGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF ANALYSIS OF “LEMANTAR” BY I.A. GLADKY." Educational Psychology in Polycultural Space 64, no. 4 (2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2073-8439-2023-64-4-107-116.
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The article discusses the issues of preserving the traditions of Belarusian people, transferring knowledge about their culture to the younger generation through textbooks intended for studying the Belarusian language. Using the example of the analysis of “Lemantar” (primer book), compiled by I.A. Gladky (Adam Varlyga, 1890–1972), a professional teacher and enthusiast of the Belarusian language, shows how the teaching of the native language and culture was carried out in families and schools created for children of Belarusian origin living far from their homeland. “Lemantar” consists of two parts, the first of which is written in Latin, and the second in Cyrillic, since Belarusians have used both fonts for a long time. In the primer, the Latin font is the leading or guiding one, since from a scientific point of view it is best suited for reflecting the expressiveness of the sounds of the Belarusian language. Moreover, this teaching order meets pedagogical and methodological requirements, since it is a single complex with a gradual transition from foreign writing to the native language with all its features. A detailed phonetic, grammatical and linguistic analysis of each part of the primer is presented. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the content of the textbook, especially its second part. It is emphasized that teaching the linguistic and cultural realities of the Belarusian people is based on poems, conversations on various topics, folk tales and parables, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the mentality of Belarusians, as well as introducing children to universal values. It is concluded that teaching aids like “Lemantar”, rich in regional studies and linguistic material, conveying the flavor of the life of Belarusian people, their lifestyle, holidays, family and work traditions, are of particular relevance, because, on the one hand, they reproduce ethnic tradition aimed at preserving national culture, on the other hand, include international subjects that are read as existentially important for any person.
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Siwek, Beata. "Dramat i teatr białoruski w poszukiwaniu tożsamości kulturowej." Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia 4 (April 26, 2016): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2353-8546.4.8.
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Belarusian drama and theatre in search of a cultural identity.In the present article an attempt to present the most important issues concerning identity discourse within Belarusian cultural and literary space has been made. The author of the article is particularly interested in Belarusian dramaturgic texts, which undoubtedly played an important role in forming cultural peculiarity of the Belarusian nation and, simultaneously, which account for an important voice in the discussion on Belarusians’ national autonomy. Belarusian drama, so varied in its forms and language material, realising so many different themes and ideas and tackling such a wide range of problems, is not only helpful in searching for answers to a question where the roots of the Belarusian nation are, but it allows us to observe numerous conditionings not only cultural, but political and religious as well of the process of Belarusians’ identity formation. Белорусские драматургия и театр в поисках культурной идентичности. Современные белорусские драматургия и театр формируются под влиянием исключительно непростой культурной ситуации. Гетерогенность белорусской культуры, слабая позиция белорусского языка, сложные принципы финансирования и управления культурой, а также тяжелая политическая реальность не создают благоприятных условий для формирования национальных ценностей, усложняя тем самым процесс национальной самоидентификации белорусов. Значительные изменения, произошедшие в пространстве белорусского театра и драматической литературы после 1991 года возникновение театров-студий, создание Республиканского театра белорусской драматургии «Свободная сцена», обращение к западноевропейской и белорусской экспериментальной драматургии, продвижение белорусской драматической литературы предыдущих эпох, к сожалению, оказались краткосрочными. Новая, постимперская действительность Белоруссии оказалась слишком сложной, полной идентичностных дилемм и не способствующей развитию оригинальных белорусских ценностей. В настоящее время тексты белорусскоязычных драматургов Алесь Петрашкевич, Сергей Ковалев, Алексей Дударев, Лявон Вашко, Игорь Сидарук все реже ставятся на белорусской сцене, на которой доминирует молодое поколение русскоязычных литераторов Павел Пряжко, Николай Халезин, Андрей Курейчик, Сергей Гиргель, Анатолий Шурпин, Константин Стешик, Андрей Карелин, Николай Рудковский, которые добиваются успехов также за пределами Белоруссии, прежде всего в России и Польше.
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Dobrosielski, Paweł, Krzysztof Jaskułowski, and Piotr Majewski. "‘Coat Thieves’ and Bandits? Belarusian Counter-Memory of the ‘Cursed Soldiers’." Acta Poloniae Historica 128 (February 7, 2024): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/aph.2023.128.03.
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In the article, we analyse attitudes of representatives of the Belarusian minority in Poland towards the armed anti-communist underground operating in the Podlasie region after 1944 (the so-called ‘cursed soldiers’). Drawing on semi-structured interviews with various Belarusian actors, as well as on observations made during field research in the Podlasie region in June 2021, we are able to illustrate a clash between official commemorative practices and the local and communicative memory of the Belarusians. We analyse the role played by the collective memory of the underground among the Belarusian minority in Podlasie against the backdrop of the hegemonic politics of memory that glorifies the ‘cursed soldiers’ as national heroes. The analysis of counter-hegemonic memory accounts and their relation to dominant narratives uncovers the emotions generated by the hegemonic politics of memory among representatives of the Belarusian minority, who generally regard it as depreciating their experience and evoking a sense of endangerment. We show that Belarusian memory is perceived as incompatible with the ideological assumptions of the hegemonic Polish memory; therefore, we want to give voice to the marginalised representatives of the Belarusian minority. However, the Belarusian minority should not be perceived as a homogenous group – our analysis points to the fact that various actors various actors negotiate the hegemonic politics of memory in various ways when faced with the pressure of assimilation.
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Dashuk, Volha. "The Land of the Sad Songs: Belarusian National Identity through Polish Documentary films in the 1930s." Panoptikum, no. 30 (December 28, 2023): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2023.30.02.
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Belarusian national identity is a taboo subject in Belarus nowadays, unless identity is understood in a Soviet/Lukashenko way. So for Belarusians, who have gone through national destruction more than once, this issue is not just a usual research topic but a crucial question that can contribute to national survival. In the 1920s-30s a part of Belarusian lands belonged to Poland and Polish filmmakers shot some documentaries there, which turned out to be the sole materials since whatever was taken in Soviet Belarus at this time, got burned later. This research aims to determine what these visual materials communicate, how they can add to the Belarusian identity and why it is important for modern Belarus and its cinema.
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Baranova, Alla S. "Formation of students’ civic culture in the study of works by Belarusian educators." Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS, no. 50 (2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2021-20-4(50)-97-104.
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We consider the current issue of the formation of the students’ civic culture in connection with the study of the works by Belarusian educators. They from a civil position covered the Belarusian enlightenment issues, showed public education importance, the huge role of the intellectuals in this process. The civil position of the enlighteners is that they closely linked the issues of public education with the welfare of the population. The significant pedagogical ideas presented in the works of M. Bogdanovich, I.D. Gorbachevsky and N.Ya. Nikiforovsky are considered in detail. They analyzed the rural teachers problems as the education improvement of the people largely depended on rural teachers; they note the importance of labor, moral education, respect for elders, the need to develop gardening, gardening, beekeeping, environmental protection, the relevance of education and upbringing of women, the implementation of an individual approach to students. The works of the enlighteners note the tolerance and peacefulness of Belarusians, their desire to comprehend other cultures, respect the rights of other nationalities. The formation of students’ civic position is facilitated by the study and analysis of issues related to the emergence of Belarusian writing, the peculiarities of the development of Belarusian culture, the Belarusian language, as well as ways of interaction of Belarusian culture with the cultures of other peoples.
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Labyntsev, Yuriy. "Adam Stankevich, a historian of the Belarusian national movement in the Catholic Church and a catholic priest." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2019): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2019.1-2.3.02.
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At the beginning of the 20 th century in the Western provinces of the Russian Empire among the local Roman Catholics, the first convinced carriers of the Belarusian national idea appeared. Among the most active was the catholic priest Adam Stankevich (1891-1949), a graduate of the Catholic Seminary in Vilna and the Catholic Academy in Petrograd. In the future, he not only took a leading position in the Belarusian national movement, but also be- came an outstanding historiographer of this movement. In 1919, Stankevich settled in Vilna. In 1910-1930, he was active in social, political, scientific, literary and publicistic activities. Stankevich is the initiator of defending the rights of Belarusians to their own national participation in the life of the Catholic Church, to the official introduction of the Belarusian language. He considers the Belarusian people to be divided in political, state, and religious sense. Stankevich believes that the lands of Western Belarus were seized by the new Polish state, formed in 1918. Stankevich continues for many years the struggle for the revival of the Belarusian national identity among Belarusian Catholics. In the early twentieth century, he and the fu- ture Belarusian catholic priests were also helped by the actions of various Orthodox communities and Imperial authorities. In the middle of 1940, Stankevich tried to convince the Soviet leadership of the need to “create the independent Belarusian Catholic Church in the BSSR”. The four-year talks with the authorities have proved useless. Adam Stankevich was accused of anti-Soviet activities. In 1949, he was sent to a camp, where he soon died.
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Soboń, Klaudia. "Szkolnictwo białoruskie w Polsce w latach 1944–2016." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 11 (November 6, 2018): 114–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7252.
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Objective of this paper is to show the situation of Belarusian education from 1944 to 2016, i.e. in the times of rough and frequent politically motivated changes. It had negative impact on fate of schools with Belarusian teaching language, which are places of building national identity, sustaining seperate tradition, culture and language. In period from 1944 to late 80’s, Polish authorities had not developed particular strategy towards minority, thus their situation in PRL were unstable. As a result, initial growth of education nearly ended on completly liquidation in the 80’s. New chances for Polish Belarusians were creating with government transformation after 1989. Since this time situation of Belarusians and their education in Poland are stable.
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Jankowiak, Mirosław. "Contemporary Belarusian Dialects in Lithuania (Šalčininkai Region)." Slavistica Vilnensis 65, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(2).49.
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The aim of the article is to present contemporary Belarusian dialects in south-eastern Lithuania (in the Šalčininkai region), which have not been the subject of comprehensive linguistic research so far. The basis of the analysis is mainly the author’s own materials and materials taped by other dialectologists. The structure of these Belarusian dialects (selected features in phonetics, morphology, syntax, vocabulary and phraseology) as well as the sociolinguistic aspect of their use in a multilingual environment are demonstrated in the article.
The analysis of the collected material shows that the structure of Belarusian dialects in the study area is well-preserved. Belarusian dialectologists regard the Belarusian dialect in the Vilnius Region as a south-western dialect, which should be described in detail. In the statements of interlocutors, one can note the phonetic, morphological and syntactic features typical of: the south-eastern dialect, the Central Belarusian dialect, the Grodno-Baranovichy group of the south-western dialects and the two so-called dialectal zones: western and north-western. On the one hand, it is a territory shaped by two dialectal massifs and one dialect group, on the other hand, it has been influenced by Baltic and Polish for hundreds of years. Particularly noteworthy is the lexis. Decades of coexistence of Belarusians, Lithuanians and Poles on this territory contributed to the fact that in Belarusian dialects there are numerous borrowings from Lithuanian and Polish (and their dialects).
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Korotkova, Daria A. "Searching for an Ally. The Soviet Diplomats in Latvia and Their Contacts with Kastus Ezavitau 1925–1926." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 1-2 (2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.1-2.04.
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This article is dedicated to the research of unknown fragments of national Belarusian emigrant groups’ history. Soviet diplomatic plans to establish ties with the local Belarusian population and to expand Communist propaganda in Latvia required contact with the leaders of the Belarusian movement, including Ezavitau. The main subject is the activity of Kastus Ezavitau in the middle of the 1920s. There was no possibility for Belarusian activists in the region of Latgale, where most Latvian Belarusians lived, to avoid collaboration with the Soviet permanent mission because of a lack of money and the discrimination policy of Latvian authorities. Local Belarusian activists had to fi ght for infl uence over the Latgale peasants, who often could not yet decide on their national identity, with the much more active and infl uential Polish and Russian diasporas. The Soviet mission provided fi nancial support to the press, and for school education in Belarusian, but forced them to carry out their demands in return. Analysis of a number of archival documents shows that, contrary to the widespread idea of his pro-Soviet mood, this collaboration was involuntary and undesirable for Ezavitau during this period, as we may see in the documents. He tried to provide more independent activity, such as the creation of the Belarusian party, but was permanently stopped by his super- visors in the Soviet mission. Soviet diplomats were not satisfi ed by collaboration with Ezavitau either but had no other candidate with whom to establish a permanent contact.
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Grabovska, Iryna, Тetiana Тalko, and Dmytro Tovmash. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE BELARUSIAN DIASPORA IN PRESENT-DAY UKRAINE IN PERSPRCTIVE OF THE BELARUSIAN REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY AND FREEDOM." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 28 (2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.28.6.
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The problem of emigration to Ukraine of a significant number of Belarusian citizens due to the events of the Belarusian anti-Lukashenko revolution of dignity and freedom, which began in this country in August 2020 after the presidential election, is discussed in the article. It is noted that at the beginning of 2021 the number of those who fled to Ukraine, hiding from repression and persecution by the Belarusian authorities, was already more than 75 thousand people. In the future, the number of Belarusian refugees is projected to increase to 100-120 thousand people by 2021. It is unknown yet which of these people will join the Belarusian Diaspora in Ukraine, which before these events was the second largest Diaspora in Ukraine. And who considers Ukraine only as a territory of transit further to the East, or the West, for example, to Poland. In connection with these events, the Ukrainian state and society faced a series of challenges, problems and threats, to which it will be necessary to find adequate answers. In particular, the authors of the article consider unjustified some warnings expressed by patriotic Ukrainian citizens about the possible growth of pro-Russian sentiment in Ukraine due to the arrival and settlement of Belarusian refugees here. It seems logical that people with pro-Russian sentiments would rather immigrate to Russia than come to Ukraine. It is expected that a significant problem for the newly arrived Belarusians may be the understanding and establishment of dialogue and contacts with the "old" Belarusian Diaspora in Ukraine because of its commitment to Lukashenko and sympathy for Russia. It is concluded that Belarusian citizens, active participants in the Belarusian revolution, can become a useful enzyme for accelerating the reform processes in Ukraine and will contribute to further democratic and pro-European movement in this area.
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Aheyeu, Aliaksandr. "BELARUSIAN PROTESTS 2020 IN THE CONTEXT OF STUDYING CONFLICT PROCESSES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 27 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2020.27.2.
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The article presents in abstract form the results of the initial historical analysis of the Belarusian protests of 2020 in the context of similar processes in the post-Soviet space. The preconditions and reasons for the mass demonstrations are shown: structural problems and the Ukrainian events of 2014 led to the stagnation of the Belarusian economy; confidence in the election results in society declined with each election campaign; the new generation of Belarusians had incomprehensible values, which were preserved and imposed on the society by the authorities. There were also several triggers of protests: the peculiarities of the strategy of the Belarusian leadership in the context of the cavid virus pandemic Kavid19 reduced the authority of the government; and the inconsistency of the official and actual results of the vote, the brutality of the dispersal of the first post-election protests caused mass outrage. Authorities considered and still consider the foreign factor to be the main reason for the protests. Many politicians and experts support the theory of Russian interference in Belarus. Solidarity of Belarusians is a new phenomenon of Belarus in recent history. In many respects it was able to manifest itself thanks to new forms of communication in society and fresh creative forms of activity: a chain of solidarity, walks and marches on avenues and streets, actions in residential areas, etc. The activity of women, pensioners and workers shows a change in their role in the political life of post-Soviet countries. And the support of the protests of other traditional and new professional groups testifies to the nationwide nature of the demonstrations. The lack of obvious socio-economic demands makes it possible to classify the Belarusian protests as political democratic revolutions, which can be conditionally called “Revolutions of Dignity”. The most important result of the Belarusian protests is the discovery of the world of the Belarusian political nation. Despite the polarization and a certain division in society, there is a clear general demand for the sovereignty of Belarus by supporters of S. Tikhanovskaya and A. Lukashenko. Now all political forces will have to reckon with the factor of existence and active participation in the political process of the Belarusian political nation.
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Mamul, Natalia. "Język jako czynnik zakorzenienia w tożsamości narodowej na przykładzie białoruskojęzycznej inteligencji na Białorusi." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, no. 2-3 (May 10, 2011): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.2-3.5.
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Belarus is a typical borderline country featuring multi-ethnicity, including various cultures, denominations and languages co-existing one near the other. Current socio-linguistic situation in Belarus may be defined as socially conditioned diglossia. Russian is the language of the governing elites, all-level education, popular culture and massmedia. Urban inhabitants speak almost entirely Russian, and the majority of village inhabitants speak Belarusian dialects. When, during Lukaszenka’s rule, Belarusian language fell once again in disgrace, it once again became a symbol of national revival and a fighting tool of opposition. Representatives of democratic elites speak Belarusian, but only when they hold informal meetings or political events. Based on biographic interviews held with the representatives of the Belarusian intelligentsia in Belarus, the Author has revealed a process of the narrators’ discovering an importance of a mother tongue as a sign of national identity. The process of realizing the importance of the Belarusian language in the life of an individual, as well as ethnic community, as well as a process of conscious learning of the language is, for contemporary Belarusians, one of the stages of shaping national identity. Learning the language is followed by participating in Belarusian symbolic culture and remembering history and reviving common memory, which finally leads to conscious identity with a mother land in a symbolic sense, which is broader than purely territorial reference.
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Antoshin, Alexey, and Marina Moseykina. "Belarusian immigrants in Latin America: Soviet historiography of the problem." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 12-2 (December 1, 2023): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202312statyi33.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the history of Belarusian immigration to the countries of Latin America. The authors focus on the coverage of this topic in Soviet historical science. The authors show that when analyzing this problem, Soviet historians focused on the factors of departure associated with the living conditions of Belarusians in the Russian Empire and in interwar Poland. Considerable attention was also paid to the participation of Belarusian immigrants in the anti-fascist movement in Argentina and other countries of the continent.
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Samaryn, Vadzim. "Belarus und Ukraine: tiefe historische Bindungen zwischen den beiden Völkern." europa ethnica 79, no. 3-4 (2022): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/0014-2492-2022-34-173.
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The article traces the interaction of two neighbouring peoples: Belarusians and Ukrainians. Initially, the historical contacts of the two peoples are analysed. The beginning of contacts was established during the residence of individual East Slavic tribes on these lands. Emphasis is placed on cohabitation in various states over the centuries (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Rzeczpospolita, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union). The importance of the creation in 1918 of the Belarusian and Ukrainian people’s republics is revealed: this fact made it possible to create ersatz-states within the framework of the Soviet Union (Belarusian and Ukrainian SSR). On the basis of linguistic, historical and demographic analysis, the existence of a cross-border region – Polesia – is indicated, where the Belarusian and Ukrainian ethnic groups mix the most.
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Zaripov, N. A. "“BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE EAST”: THE BELARUSSIAN NATIONAL IDEA IN CURRENT ACADEMIC DISCUSSION." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 16, no. 1 (2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2022-1-22-30.
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The article aims to systematize the current academic discussion about the essential elements of the idea of the Belarusian nation. Within the framework of the analysis, the author identifies "semantic baskets", based on which he divides the current controversy into theoretical schools and thematic clusters. The designated semantic baskets are identified based on the attitude to the language issue and culture, history and historical memory, the essential interpretation of the Belarusian nation, territory, and sovereignty. The author concludes that the current academic discussion on this issue is represented by three theoretical schools – nativists, the “Moscow Project” and neo-constructivists. Nativists emphasize the importance of the ethnic element in the Belarusian nation. The foundation of the "Moscow Project" is the ideology of pan-Slavism, highlighting bilingualism as a natural state of Belarusians as well as the Soviet period of history with invaluable experience in state-building. Finally, the concept of the “third way” is neo-constructivism, the ideas of which are reduced to building the Belarusian nation as a civil one. The constructed theoretical framework allows us to analyze the national policy of the Republic of Belarus, as well as approaches to the definition of the “Belarusian nation” in public discussion.
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Koval, Olga V. "Legal and Social Aspects of the Belarusian Economic Emigration to Canada in the 1920s-30s." RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-3-417-431.
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The author examines the main features for the formation of the Belarusian economic emigration to Canada. The intensity of the emigration from 1921 to 1939 was analyzed, when the territory of Western Belarus was a part of Poland. The historical base of the research was the unpublished documents of the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish archives. The article presents the structure of state emigration bodies that were involved in organizing and controlling the recruitment of emigrants, their employment and the process of re-emigration. It describes the features of the Canadian legislation for the scale of the Belarusian emigration and the legal adaptation of emigrants. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Canadian railway companies “Canadian National Railways” and “Canadian Pacific Railways” in the selection of emigrants and their employment in agriculture and industry. The author argue that the Polish authorities stimulated the emigration of the Belarusian population for the polonization of Western Belarus. The problematic socio-psychological adaptation of the Belarusian emigrants, because Belarusians in Canada weakly expressed the national identity, is described. The author concludes that the international cooperation had an important role in forming the diaspora’s and national identity, especially the international contacts with the representatives of other peoples and the participation in common political organizations and projects.
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Paulavets, Yury S. "Westrussism Concept in the Process of Modern Belorussian Identity Formation." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 58 (August 1, 2020): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-2-257-264.
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The article examines the main stages of the Westrussism ideology formation and its development in the Belarusian historical school. The author analyzes the influence of this movement on the formation of the Belarusians identity in process of the Republic of Belarus development. He singles out the levels of contemporary Belarusian authentication and denotes the place of Westrussism concept within those levels. At the same time the author estimates Westrussism involvement in the process of Belorussian society public consciousness modernization, and the degree of it acceptance by the official historical science.
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Polovyi, T. "The topic of the Belarusian language in local pro-Russian Internet media (the case of Teleskop-by.org)." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 3(47) (April 20, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2020.3(47).229416.
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The article covers the problem of the Belarusian language in the pro-Russian Internet media in Belarus. Noted that the Teleskop-by.org resource belongs to the network of pro-Russian propaganda media, which broadcasts identical narratives. Established that this resource is characterized by sharp and sometimes aggressive rhetoric about independent Belarus as a state in general and the Belarusian language in particular. Considerable attention is paid to the coexistence of Belarusian and Russian languages in the Republic of Belarus. Found that the authors question the existence of a separate from the Russian Belarusian language, emphasizing its provinciality and secondary nature. Thus, emphasizing the kinship of the two ethnic groups and languages, Russian identity is imposed on Belarusian society, which, according to a significant number of authors of this media resource, is positioned as dominant in comparison with the Belarusian one. Analyzed the main theses promoted by the authors of Teleskop-by. org. In particular, the publications point to the threats that arise for the Russian language amid activities of the “belarusizating nationalists” who are aggressively opposed to everything connected with Russia. Established, that the authors of this media see in the phenomenon of belarusianization a potential danger and threat to the “Russian world” in Belarus, in general, and the Russian language, in particular. For example, the lack of toponymy or advertising in Russian is positioned by the authors of the publications as steps aimed at the destruction of the Russian language in Belarus. Promoting the statement that the principled Belarusian-speaking, in the vast majority of cases, indicates the anti-Russian political views of the speaker. Despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of authors support the equality of both state languages, but at the same time point to the importance of the Russian language and its role in the formation of the Belarusian identity and consciousness and in some publications the authors actually promote the idea of dividing Belarusians into Russian and Belarusian-speaking.
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Ioffe, G. "Belarusian Nationalism: Taking Stock of Its Accomplishments." Journal of International Analytics 12, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-1-146-161.
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Belarus is a country with a blurred identity that has not cut the umbilical cord connecting it with Mother Russia. According to a representative national survey of April 2020, only 25 percent of Belarusians would prefer to retain statehood and national sovereignty of Belarus even if their living standards worsen whereas 52 percent would opt for limited sovereignty if it is the price to pay for retaining or improving the quality of life. This may be the best-kept secret of Belarus and it has implications more serious than just economic dependency on Belarus’s eastern neighbor. Belarus used to be a contested borderland claimed by both Russians and Poles. Today, it is a country with two historical narratives and nation-building blueprints that have been confronting each other since the inception of the Belarusian national movement. While the neo-Soviet/Russo-centric narrative has held sway over the majority of Belarusians, the Westernizing narrative was hard-hit on several occasions but has been making headway since Gorbachev’s Perestroika. Pluses and minuses of two narratives and the attempts at bridging the gap between them are analyzed. There are essentially two kinds of divisions in Belarusian society: between the respective projects of nation-building and between Lukashenka loyalists and his detractors. These two divisions do not quite coincide, but there is a growing tendency to couch the ongoing political crisis in nationalist terms. The point is made that a lack of cohesive Belarusian identity is an existential threat to Belarusian statehood.
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МASLENNIKOVA, S. "STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF BELARUSIAN AND GERMAN PAREMIAS WITH RELIGIOUS COMPONENTS." Herald of Polotsk State University. Series A. Humanity sciences, no. 3 (August 17, 2023): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1608-2023-68-3-43-48.
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The article analyzes in a comparative aspect Belarusian and German proverbs and sayings with religious components and their derivatives: the names of God's beings; the people who dedicate their life to serving God; the properties indicating divine power and purity; the dark forces and spirits personifying evil; the afterlife’s realities; the Christian ideas about man, identified from current paremiological dictionaries. The partial equivalents are determined in the two languages. Set expressions that are found only in Belarusian and only in German are given separately. For the first time their quantity is counted and their role in the paremiological funds replenishing of the two languages is determined. It makes possible to reveal the role of religion in the life of Belarusians and Germans, to describe the common and distinctive features of the use of set expressions with a religious component in the Belarusian and German languages.
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Hansbury, Paul. "From Frying Pan to Fire: Protest, War and the Forging of a Belarusian Nation." Journal of Belarusian Studies 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2024): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/20526512-12350027.
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Abstract The mass street protests after Belarus’s 2020 presidential election failed to oust dictator Alyaksandr Lukashenka. They nonetheless represented a political and national awakening of Belarusian society, with a level of popular engagement in politics unseen in Belarus during the preceding three decades. Eighteen months after the election crisis, Belarusians were plunged into a new crisis as their state provided a supporting role in Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine. This article identifies the main causes of the 2020 protests and their relationship to Belarusian national identity. It assesses the state of the national awakening three years after the 2020 election in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and Belarus’s role in that war; asking whether Belarus is still sovereign and whether loss of sovereignty is fatal for Belarusian national identity. It argues that Lukashenka’s position remains highly precarious and that the national awakening hangs in the balance.
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Salivon, Inessa, and Natalya Polina. "Age-related variability of anthropometric indicators in urban school students – Belarusians and descendants of interethnic marriages." Papers on Anthropology 29, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2020.29.1.05.
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In the 1990s – early 2000s, anthropometric indicators of school students of three age groups (8, 13 and 17 years) were studied in several cities of Belarus. In total 2088 students were examined. The material was distributed into sex and age cohorts taking into account the ethnic structure – Belarusians (both parents are Belarusians) and genetically more heterogeneous descendants of interethnic marriages (DIM) where one of the parents is Belarusian, and the other is Russian, Ukrainian or Polish (Slav).
In all sex and age samples, the number of students in Belarusians cohorts was almost twice higher than the number of DIM, which corresponds to their real proportion in the urban population of Belarus.
The sex and age dynamics of average values of body height and weight, body mass index (BMI) and chest circumference, as well as the distribution of body types (somatotypes) in groups of urban school students in Belarus were observed.
The differences between Belarusians and DIM in the studied anthropometric characteristics in all sex and age groups were insignificant. The phenomena of heterosis in the first generation of DIM were more clearly manifested only by the age of 17 among young men, who were 1.7 cm taller than their Belarusian peers, with correspondingly slightly higher values of body weight and chest circumference. In comparison with Belarusians, DIM girls of this age had a weak shift in all indicators of physical development towards lower average values.
The average values of the BMI, which increase during puberty, reflect the tendency of weakly expressed gracilization of the physique of the male and especially female body in DIM compared to their Belarusian peers.
The tendency to leptosomization (skeletal gracialization) and body asthenization was shown by the intragroup distribution of somatotypes among descendants of uninational marriages – Belarusians – and even more among DIM.
Intersex differences in morphogenesis during puberty were manifested in greater asthenization of the physique against the background of gracilization of the skeleton of the female body compared to the male.
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Fedorov, Roman. "Traditional Clothes of Belarusian Peasant Migrants in Siberia and the Far East: Original Features and Transformations." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (May 2021): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.2.14.
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Introduction. The article considers the features of traditional clothes of descendants of Belarusian peasant migrants of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries living in Siberia and the Far East. Methods and materials. Basic materials of the study is oral descriptions of clothing, which were collected among descendants of migrants, who were born in the 1910s – 1950s, and also visual observation of the samples of traditional clothing which are stored in museums. On the basis of using the comparative-historical and typological methods, the transformations of the practice of making and wearing clothing have been investigated. Analysis. The analysis of the field materials indicates that the traditional clothing of Belarusian migrants continued to play an important role in their domestic culture from the late 19th century to the 1950s – 1960s. The traditional complex of Belarusian clothing has undergone transformations in a new place because of needs to adapt it to the different natural and climatic conditions, by borrowing from the new ethnic environment, as well as general processes of modernization of the way of life. Due to colder climate of the Asian part of Russia, transformations of winter outerwear and shoes were the most dynamic. Results. The features of ethno-cultural identity had an influence on the degree of preservation of the original complex of clothing of the Belarusians. Traditional types of clothing from the places of exit were most preserved in the places of homogenous residence of Belarusian migrants. In cases of dispersed residence with a high proportion of mixed marriages, the Belarusians faster adopted prototypes of clothing that were typical of their new ethnic environment.
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Astapenka, Anatol. "Borders of the Belarusian Ethnos-nation in the Historical Retrospective." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 63 (2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.10.
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The boundaries of the Belarusian people were determined by the area of settlement of the ancient tribes that form the future Belarusian ethnos-nation and have changed relatively little over the centuries. The ancestors of modern Belarusians were the Slavic tribes Krivichi, Dregovichi and Radimichi, as well as Lithuania. The boundaries of the settlement of the Krivichi according to modern encyclopedic information are the upper reaches of the Western Dvina, Dnieper and Volga, the territory of the present Vitebsk, Mogilev, Pskov, Bryansk and Smolensk regions. The eastern border of the settlement of the Dregovichi tribes was determined along the Dnieper River, the northern border ran from Novo-Bykhov to the northwest along the watershed of the Drut and Berezina rivers to Borisov. The southern border according to data from the Ipatiev list of the Tale of Bygone Years is the Pripyat and Western Dvina rivers. From that source, we know that the Radimich tribes settled in the Sozh River basin. The formation of the Belarusian pro-ethnic group dates back to the time of the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Lithuanian tribe played a decisive role in this process, the boundaries of which were precisely determined by N. I. Ermolovich. The chronicle Lithuania lay not far from Minsk: these are Upper Panemonia, Novogradchina, Karelichi lands, the Shchara river (Slonim district) is mentioned as the southern border. At the beginning of the twentieth century academician E. F. Karsky in his monograph «Belarusians», for the first time outlined the boundaries of the Belarusian ethnos. At present a detailed study and analysis of the maps of the settlement of Belarusians in the historical context have been carried out by E. E. Shiryaev in the monograph «White Rus, Black, Lithuania in Maps». In this work attention is drawn to the fact that there is a tendency for the transformation of ethnic Belarusians into Poles on the territory of the Bialystok Voivodeship, which became part of Poland in 1944. On these lands Belarusians have always been the authentic population. Another problem that constantly faced Belarusians in the twentieth century is the problem of the Vilna region. On October 10, 1939 in Moscow an Agreement was signed on the transfer of the city of Vilna and the Vilna region to the Republic of Lithuania. In 1991 the National Democratic Party of Belarus (NDPB) issued a statement in which it was said that the Vilna region should be granted a separate status of state autonomy, and self-government should be formed on the principles of equal representation of «the main peoples: Belarusians, Lithuanians, Poles and Russians». In addition it was proposed to give Vilna the status of a free city and turn it into a European center (The Golden Bridge is in the terminology of the 20–30s).
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Goujon, Alexandra. "Memorial Narratives of WWII Partisans and Genocide in Belarus." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 24, no. 1 (December 16, 2009): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409355818.
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The memory of WWII always played an important role in Belarus, which was characterized as a “Partisan Republic” during the Soviet time. Soviet historiography and memorial narrative emphasized the heroics of the resistance to fascism and allowed only a description of the crimes of the Nazis. New ways of looking at war events appeared during the perestroika and after the independence of the country. But after Alexander Lukashenko came to power as president in 1994, a neo-Soviet version of the past was adopted and spread. The Great Patriotic War (GPW) has become an increasingly publicized event in the official memorial narrative as the culminating moment in Belarusian history. Since the mid-2000s, this narrative tends to be nationalized in order to testify that the Belarusian people’s suffering and resistance behavior were among the highest ones during WWII. Political and academic dissenting voices to the Belarusian authoritarian regime try to downplay this official narrative by pointing out that the Belarusians were also victims of the Stalinist repression, and their attitude towards the Nazi occupation was more than ambivalent. Behind the memorial discourses, two competitive versions of Belarusian national identity can be distinguished. According to the official version, Belarusian identity is based on the East-Slavic identity that incorporates the Soviet history in its contemporary development. According to the opposition, it is based on a national memory that discards the Soviet past as a positive one.
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Syrakvash, Vera. "IN SEARCH OF SOLIDARITY: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF BELARUSIAN FEMINIST ACTIVIST PROJECTS." Topos, no. 2023-2 (December 28, 2023): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61095/1815-0047-2023-2-116-138.
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The article explores the interlink between the digital transformation process of Belarusian feminist activist projects and solidarity within the feminist community. The article aims to characterize the process of Belarusian feminist activist projects’ digital transformation, as well as to answer the question, how the digital transformation of Belarusian feminist activist projects influences the solidarity of the Belarusian feminist community as an ability to maintain horizontal networking and practices of care, as well as to form autonomous political subjectivities and unite for collective action. The article theorizes the concepts of feminist solidarity, the essence of digitalized activism and approaches to defining feminist civil society in Belarus. Building on existing scholarship and semi-structured interviews results, the article identifies how feminist projects underwent digitalization, presented by sixteen interlocutors, and contributes to understanding feminist solidarity, its challenges, and its further potential. The results provide an overview of the most significant features of feminist projects’ digital transformation in Belarus, including evidence of the uniqueness of the online space for the birth of a new generation of Belarusian feminists and related intergenerational transfer of knowledge both within and outside the community, overcoming the digital divide and boosting the dissemination of feminist values among Belarusians through the digitalization of feminist projects, rethinking the possible ways to strengthening solidarity within the community, and the need to constantly defend the feminist language within the political process of democratization in Belarus highlighted through digital activism.
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Burant, Stephen R. "Belarus and the “Belarusian Irredenta” in Lithuania*." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 4 (December 1997): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408532.
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On 24 February 1992, Belarusian foreign minister Piotr Kraǔchanka told a visiting European Community delegation in Minsk that he wanted to record his country's claim to Lithuanian border territory in the presence of an international audience. When asked whether the claims extended to Vilnius, Kraǔchanka said “yes,” but added that the border areas were really the ones at issue. In the late 1980s and early 1990s many Lithuanian officials expected Poland to make such claims on their country, to regain territory lost in 1939. By contrast Lithuanians paid little attention to what Belarusians were saying about the role of Vilnius in Belarusian history and the national identity of the 258,000 Slavs in the Vilnius region.
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Shevchenko, Kirill Vladimirovich, and Oleg Gennadyevich Kazak. "An innovative study of the history of the formation of the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 2(32) (2022): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.215.
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The article is a review the book «“Native Word”. Belarusian and Ukrainian languages at school (Essays on the history of mass education in the middle of the 19th – the middle of the 20th century)». The collection of essays is devoted to the organization of education in the Belarusian and Ukrainian lands, which during the mid-19th – mid-20th centuries were part of various state formations (Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, USSR, Poland). The authors of the essays (historians and philologists from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine) consider the national and cultural policy of the authorities towards Belarusians and Ukrainians from new theoretical and methodological positions. Scientists note that specific manifestations of educational policy depended on a complex set of interrelated factors (the representation of power and intellectual elites about the ethnic population; the need to combat unwanted cultural influences (for example, with Polish influence in the Belarusian provinces of the Russian Empire); the activity of representatives of the Belarusian and Ukrainian national movements; the reaction of Belarusian and Ukrainian inhabitance to educational practices). Most of the articles are distinguished by a high scientific level and have a solid source base. Many materials and archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. At the same time, the reviewers identified points that could be improved in the future editions of the book. For example, they note a simplified understanding by scientists of the influence of the ideology of Western Russianness (Zapadnorusizm) and the ethno-confessional character of the inhabitants of the Belarusian provinces of the Russian Empire. They pay attention to the lack of analysis of the activities of representatives of the Russophile trend in the national and cultural life of Galicia, insufficient attention to the study of the attitude towards activities in the educational sphere of the population of the Russian-Belarusian and Russian-Ukrainian borderlands during the period of Soviet indigenization (Korenizatsiya). The articles in the book under review can give impetus to further research into various aspects of the national and cultural life of the peoples of Eastern Europe.
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Fourmanov, I. A. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Love Attitudes of Belarusians and Chinese." Social Psychology and Society 12, no. 4 (2021): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2021120407.
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Objectives. Study of cross-cultural differences in love attitudes of Belarusians and Chinese. Background. A large number of cross-cultural studies focus on comparing the psychological characteristics of representatives of two polar cultures — individualistic and collectivist. At the same time, little attention is paid to the study and explanation of the differences within each of these cultures. Although it is quite obvious that countries belonging to the same culture may differ significantly due to their cultural-specific features, traditions, state structure, and religions. In this regard, the study was aimed at identifying differences in such a cultural universal as love, namely, in the love attitudes of Belarusians and Chinese, who are representatives of collectivist culture. Study design. The study was conducted using a survey method. For data processing and analysis, descriptive statistics and Student t-test were used. Participants. The respondents were 1344 people, representatives of the Belarusian (men, N=544; women, N=560) and Chinese (men, N=120; women, N=120) samples, aged 17-30 years. Measurements. Love Attitudes Scale by C. Hendrik, S. Hendrik. Results. Chinese men differ from Belarusian men with higher scores of attitudes Agape, Pragma, Mania, Storge and Ludus. Belarusian women differ from Chinese women with higher Eros attitudes. In turn, Chinese women in comparison with Belarus, have higher rates of Pragma, Storge, and Ludus. At¬titudes Eros and Agape occupy the top position in the hierarchy of love attitudes of Belarusian men and women, and attitudes Agape and Pragma — in Chinese. Ludus, regardless of gender and nationality, has the least power. Conclusions. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of differences in love styles depending on belonging to Western and Eastern collectivist subcultures.