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Journal articles on the topic 'Belfast (northern ireland), history'
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Brunsdon, Charlotte. "The New Northern Ireland as a Crime Scene." Journal of British Cinema and Television 20, no. 3 (July 2023): 305–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2023.0678.
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This article explores the increased attractiveness of a ‘post-conflict’ Belfast as a television setting for British television police series. The Fall (2013, 2016), Bloodlands (2021) and Marcella (2021) are all set in Belfast, while most of the hit series Line of Duty (2012–) has been filmed in Northern Ireland. How do these new Belfast-set crime dramas negotiate the tropes and iconography of twentieth-century Troubles Belfast, while also participating in the transformation of the city associated with the arrival of transnational audiovisual industries? While recognising that much recent scholarship focuses on the creation of the Titanic Quarter through the redevelopment of the Harland & Wolff shipyard and the production of the HBO-Warner series, Game of Thrones, this article pursues the recent appearances of contemporary Belfast on screen in Bloodlands, Marcella (2021) and Line of Duty. Building on scholarship, such as the work of John Hill, Martin McLoone and Ruth Barton which has established the contours of the Troubles film, the history of Belfast on film and genre in the Northern Ireland context, the existence of an identifiable chronotope ‘Troubles Belfast’ is proposed. Is Belfast recognisable as a specific place outside a Troubles chronotope? What are the stories that can be told of Northern Ireland outside a Troubles chronotope? In particular, which is pertinent to an industry desperate to maintain its attractiveness to transnational productions, the tension between the identification of Belfast as a specific place and the generation of new and different stories is explored in the case studies. To what extent is the televisual use of the new screen Belfast caught in the paradox that it is the old Belfast which makes it an attractive setting for crime drama?
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Bew, Paul. "Not in Belfast." Index on Censorship 14, no. 6 (December 1985): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228508533986.
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Sandrock, Kirsten. "Glocal Borders in Kenneth Branagh's Belfast (2021)." Review of Irish Studies in Europe 6, no. 2 (December 6, 2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v6i2.3220.
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Kenneth Branagh’s semi-autobiographical film Belfast (2021) tells the story of a young boy, Buddy, growing up in Belfast in the sectarian border zones that internally fissured the state of Northern Ireland. This article suggests that the movie’s critical success partly rests on the movie’s glocal approach to Belfast’s history, including its border zones. The film employs a number of aesthetic devices to turn the local experiences of Buddy into a global narrative about childhood, family and border zones. Among these tools are the use of self-referential framing devices, the child’s perspective and elements of nostalgia that link local history to transnational bonds of affection. By using a child's perspective, Belfast transcends the ruptures inherent in Belfast’s zones of division to create connections across cultural, ideological and physical spaces. Situated in a glocal framework, Buddy’s childhood symbolically embodies the experiences of a collective Irish diaspora, one that thinks back to its own or its family’s migrant experiences and turns it into a source of emotional belonging.
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Anthony, Gordon. "The Uniqueness of Northern Ireland Public Law." Legal Information Management 12, no. 4 (December 2012): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669612000606.
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AbstractThis article is broadly based upon a presentation given by Gordon Anthony, which was given at the annual conference of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians on 15 June 2012 in Belfast. Its purpose is to outline some of the ways in which public law in Northern Ireland is unique within the wider setting of the UK. Although it is true that the law of Northern Ireland shares much in common with principle and practice elsewhere in the UK, there are some notable differences that are attributable to the fact that Northern Ireland has its own court system and legal and political history. The article thus examines some of the differences that exist at the constitutional level and which can be associated with, most famously, the Belfast Agreement 1998. It also summaries some of the differences that can be found at the level of legal citation, for instance of case law and statute law for the jurisdiction.
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Hughes, T. J., R. H. Buchanan, K. A. Mawhinney, J. P. Haughton, F. W. Boal, Robert D. Osborne, Anngret Simms, et al. "Reviews of Books and Maps." Irish Geography 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1977.861.
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REVIEWS OF BOOKSIRELAND IN PREHISTORY, by Michael Herity and George Eogan. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977. 302 pp. £8.95. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesTHE LIVING LANDSCAPE: KILGALLIGAN, ERRIS, CO. MAYO, by S. Ó Catháin and Patrick O'Flanagan. Dublin: Comhairle Bhéaloideas Éireann, 1975. 312 pp. Reviewed by: R. H. BuchananTHE IRISH TOWN: AN APPROACH TO SURVIVAL, by Patrick Shaffrey. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1975. 192 pp. £5.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyLOST DEMESNES: IRISH LANDSCAPE GARDENING 1660–1845, by Edward Malins and the Knight of Glin. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1976. 208 pp. ,£15.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyNORTH BULL ISLAND, DUBLIN BAY — A MODERN COASTAL NATURAL HISTORY, edited by D. W. Jeffrey and others. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1977. 158 pp. Hardback .£6.50, paperback £3.60. Reviewed by: J. P. HaughtonCONFLICT IN NORTHERN IRELAND: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POLARISED COMMUNITY, by John Darby. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1976. 268 pp. £7.95. Reviewed by: F. W. BoalBELFAST: AREAS OF SPECIAL SOCIAL NEED. REPORT BY PROJECT TEAM. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 85 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Robert D. OsborncDUBLIN: A CITY IN CRISIS, edited by P. M. Delany. Dublin: Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, 1975. 108 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Anngret SimmsIRELAND'S VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE, by Kevin Danaher. Cork: Mercier Press for the Cultural Relations Committee of Ireland, 1975. 82 pp., 68 plates. £1.50. Reviewed by: F. H. A. Aalen18TH CENTURY ULSTER EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimiles 121–140. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1972. £0.45.; PLANTATIONS IN ULSTER, c. 1600–41, by R. J. Hunter. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimilies 161–180. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1975. £1.00.; RURAL HOUSING IN ULSTER IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, prepared by Alan Gailey, Victor Kelly and James Paul with an introduction by E. Estyn Evans, for the Teachers' Centre of the Queen's University, Belfast in association with the Ulster Folk Museum and the Public Record Office Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. £0.70.; LETTERS OF A GREAT IRISH LANDLORD: A SELECTION FROM THE ESTATE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE THIRD MARQUESS OF DOWNSHIRE, 1809–45, edited with an introduction by W. A. Maguire, for the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. 189 pp. £1–65.; ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIR FOR THE PARISH OF DONEGORE, Belfast: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, Queen's University, and the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 1974. v + 64 pp. 1 map and 31 plates. £0.75. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerTHE LANDED GENTRY. Facsimile documents with commentaries. Dublin: The National Library of Ireland, 1977. 20 sheets and introduction. £1.00. Reviewed by: J. A. K. GrahameSANITATION, CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICES IN IRELAND, by Michael Flannery. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1976. 178 pp. £5.75. Reviewed by: Michael J. BannonGEOGRAPHY, CULTURE AND HABITAT, SELECTED ESSAYS (1925–1975) OF E. G. BOWEN, selected and introduced by Harold Carter and Wayne K. D. Davies. Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1976. 275 pp. £6. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsDICTIONARY OF LAND SURVEYORS AND LOCAL CARTOGRAPHERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 1550–1850 edited by Peter Eden. Folkestone: William Dawson & Sons. Part I, 1975; Parts II and III, 1976. 377 pp. £6.00 per part. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerFIELDS, FARMS AND SETTLEMENT IN EUROPE, edited by R. H. Buchanan, R. A. Butlin and D. McCourt. Belfast: Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, 1976. 161 pp. £5. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsREVIEWS OF MAPSNORTHERN IRELAND — A MAP FOR TOURISTS. 1:250,000(1970); CASTLEWELLAN FOREST PARK. 1:10,000(1975); ADMINISTRATIVE MAPS; MAP CATALOGUE (1975 edition). 26 pp. Reviewed by: J. A. K. Grahame
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Wallace, Rachel. "Gay Life and Liberation, a Photographic Record of 1970s Belfast." Public Historian 41, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.2.144.
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In March 2017, the first LGBTQ+ history exhibition to be displayed at a national museum in Northern Ireland debuted at the Ulster Museum. The exhibition, entitled “Gay Life and Liberation: A Photographic Exhibition of 1970s Belfast,” included private photographs captured by Doug Sobey, a founding member of gay liberation organizations in Belfast during the 1970s, and featured excerpts from oral histories with gay and lesbian activists. It portrayed the emergence of the gay liberation movement during the Troubles and how the unique social, political, and religious situation in Northern Ireland fundamentally shaped the establishment of a gay identity and community in the 1970s. By displaying private photographs and personal histories, it revealed the hidden history of the LGBTQ+ community to the museum-going public. The exhibition also enhanced and extended the histories of the Troubles, challenging traditional assumptions and perceptions of the conflict.
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Daultrey, Stu, P. J. Duffy, T. Jones Hughes, J. P. Haughton, D. G. Pringle, P. Breathnach, Desmond A. Gillmor, et al. "Reviews of Books and Maps." Irish Geography 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1982.773.
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AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN IRELAND. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1981. 166pp. IR£3-00. Reviewed by: Stu DaultreyTHE PERSONALITY OF IRELAND. HABITAT, HERITAGE AND HISTORY, by E. Estyn Evans. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1981. 2nd edition, 130pp. £3–95 stg. Reviewed by: P.J. DuffyTHE EMERGENCE OF MODERN IRELAND 1600–1900, by L.M. Cullen. London: Batsford, 1981. 292 pp. £17–50stg. Reviewed by: T. Jones HughesLA POPULATION DE LTRLANDE, by Jacques Verricrc. Paris: Mouton Editeur, 1979. 580 pp. Reviewed by: J.P. HaughtonTHE CONTEMPORARY POPULATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND AND POPULATION RELATED ISSUES, edited by Paul A. Compton. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University, Belfast, 1981. £4–50stg. Reviewed by: D.G. PringleTHE SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION OF IRELAND WITHIN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 58 (by Anthony Foley and Ms. P. Walbridge). Dublin: Stationery Office, (1981). 88 pp. IRC1-35. Reviewed by: P. BreathnachGEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, By HJ. Plettner. Research Paper Number 9. Galway: Social Sciences Research Centre, University College, Galway, 1979. 50 pp. Reviewed by: Desmond A. GillmorTHE TOWN IN IRELAND: HISTORICAL STUDIES XIII, edited by David Harkness and Mary O'Dowd. Belfast: Appletree Press, 1981. 252 pp. IR£10'90; £8–95 stg. Reviewed by: Stephen A. RoyleURBANISATION: PROBLEMS OF GROWTH AND DECAY IN DUBLIN, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 55 (by M.J. Bannon, J.G. Eustace and M. O'Neill). Dublin: Stationery Office, 1981. 376pp. IR£3–15. Reviewed by: A.J. ParkerLAND TRANSACTIONS AND PRICES IN THE DUBLIN AREA 1974–1978, by R. Jennings. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1980. 29 pp. IR£l–50. Reviewed by: Andrew MacLaranRESOURCE SURVEY OF THE KILLALA AREA, by M.S. 6 Cinneide and M.J. Keane. Galway: Social Science Research Centre, University College, Galway, 1980. 152 pp. IR£10-00. Reviewed by: P. O'FlanaganSIDE BY SIDE: TOWARDS A BALANCED DEVELOPMENT, by a Dutch Study Team. Sligo: (County development office), 1980. 166 pp. Reviewed by: Mary E. CawleyTHE BLASKET ISLANDS: NEXT PARISH AMERICA, by Joan and Ray Stagles. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1980, 144 pp. IRC8-00. Reviewed by: R.H. BuchananTHE SASH CANADA WORE: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE ORANGE ORDER IN CANADA, by C.J. Houston and W.J. Smyth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. 215 pp. $(Can.)15-00. Reviewed by: F.H.A. AalenRICHARD GRIFFITH 1784–1878, edited by G.L.H. Davies and R.C. Mollan, Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1980. 221 pp. Reviewed by: Colin A. LewisMAP REVIEWSMOURNE COUNTRY OUTDOOR PURSUITS MAP. 1:25,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1981. £1–75 stg; THE WICKLOW WAY. 1:50,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1981. IR£l-80. Reviewed by: E. BuckmasterORDNANCE SURVEY HOLIDAY MAP. 1:250,000. Sheet 1, Ireland North. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern ireland, 1980. £1–20stg. Sheet 3, Ireland East. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1981. IR£l-80. Reviewed by: E. Buckmaster
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Omans, Katie. "The Belfast Boycott: consumerism and gender in revolutionary Ireland (1920–1922)." Irish Historical Studies 46, no. 169 (May 2022): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2022.5.
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AbstractThe Belfast Boycott was a protest designed to dislodge loyalism in Northern Ireland, punish its adherents for perceived intolerance toward Catholics and end Irish partition. The boycott was set off by the expulsion of several thousand Catholic workers from employment in Belfast in July 1920. A total boycott of all goods coming from Belfast was implemented by the Dáil in September 1920. Boycotting provided Irish nationalists with an alternative to violent retaliation that allowed for the participation of a wider segment of the Irish population and diaspora in the revolutionary movement. However, such mass mobilisation meant that nationalists had to entrust their plan for an independent Ireland to a segment of the population that they overwhelmingly viewed as politically and economically uninformed: Irish women. The boycott offers a new vantage point from which to view the actions of and attitudes towards women and the role of mass mobilisation during the revolution. This article explores nationalists’ conceptions of Irish identity, the intersection between consumerism and patriotism, and the role that women played as both political and economic actors throughout the Irish revolutionary period.
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Aalen, F. H. A., D. McCourt, Desmond A. Gillmor, Robin E. Glasscock, T. J. Hughes, J. H. Andrews, J. A. K. Grahame, et al. "Reviews of Books." Irish Geography 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1969.988.
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IRELAND : A GENERAL AND REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, by T. W. Freeman, Fourth edition. London : Methuen, 1909. xx + 558 pp. £5.THE IRISHNESS OF THE IRISH, by E. Estyn Evans. Belfast: the Irish Association for Cultural, Economic and Social Relations. 1908. pp. 8. 2s. 6d.ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF IRELAND. Dublin : Allen Figgis, 1968. 463 pp. 120s.AN INTRODUCTION TO MAP READING FOR IRISH SCHOOLS, by R. A. Butlin. Dublin : Longmans, Browne & Nolan Limited, 1968. 123 pp. with four half‐inch O.S. map extracts. 10s.AN OUTLINE OF THE RE‐TRIANGULATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND, by W. R. Taylor. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1907. 27 pp. 4s. 6d.A REVIEW OF DRUMLIN SOILS RESEARCH, 1959–1966, by J. Mulqueen and W. Burke. Dublin : An Foras Talúntais, 1967. 57 pp. 5s.FAMILY AND COMMUNITY IN IRELAND, by Conrad M. Arensberg and Solon T. Kimball. Harvard : the University Press, 2nd edition, 1968. 417 pp. $7.95.LONDONDERRY AREA PLAN. James Munce partnership. Belfast, 1968. 156 pp. 32s 6d.AN AGRICULTURAL ATLAS OF COUNTY GALWAY, by J. H. Johnson and B. S. MacAodha. Social Sciences Research Centre, University College, Galway, Research Papers Numbers 4 and 5. Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1967. 66 pp.LIFE IN IRELAND, by L. M. Cullen. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd. New York : G. P. Putnams's Sons. 1968. xiv + 178 pp. 25s.PHASES OF IRISH HISTORY, by Eoin MacNeill. Dublin : Gill, 1968. 364 pp. 10s 6d.ANGLO‐IRISH TRADE, 1660–1800, by L. M. Cullen. Manchester : the University Press, 1968. 252 pp. 60s.IRISH PEASANT SOCIETY, by K. H. Connell. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1968. 167 pp. 35s.THE COUNTY DONEGAL RAILWAYS (Part One of a History of the Narrow‐Gauge Railways of North‐West Ireland), by Edward M. Patterson. Newton Abbot: David and Charles : 2nd edition, 1969. 208 pp. 40s.THE IRISH LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE, by T. G. Wilson. Dublin: Allen Figgis, 1908. 149 pp. 42s.REPORT OF THE DEPUTY KEEPER OF THE PUBLIC RECORDS, 1960–65. Cmd. 521. 1908. 244 pp. 17s Cd. SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF LOCAL HISTORY IN NORTHERN IRELAND. 102 pp. 2s 6d. IRISH ECONOMIC DOCUMENTS. 37 pp. 1s. All published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Belfast.IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY, Volume I, numbers 1 (1967), 2 and 3 (1968). Dublin : An Foras Talúntais (Agricultural Institute). Each number 10s.JOURNAL OF THE KERRY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No. 1, 1968, 116 pp. No. 2, 1969, 150 pp.Maps and map cataloguesTHE KINGDOME OF IRELAND, by John Speed. Dublin : Bord Fáilte Éireann, 1966. Obtainable from the Library, Trinity College, Dublin. 12s. 6d.MAP CATALOGUE. Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1908. 40 pp. 5s.CATALOGUE OF SMALL SCALE MAPS AND CHARTS. Ordnance Survey of Ireland. Dublin : Government Publications Office, 1968. 11pp. 1s.EIRE. Dublin : Ordnance Survey office. 1:350,000. 1968. 58 × 43 in. £5 10s.NORTHERN IRELAND, Sheet 4 (the south‐east). 1:126,720. 1968. 40 × 30 in. Paper, flat, 5s. Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, Belfast.WICKLOW AND DISTRICT. Teaching extract. l:63,360, fully coloured. 1968. 1s.ICAO. Aeronautical chart: Ireland 1:500,000. 1968. Two sheets, 38 in. 29 in and 40 in. × 29 in. 5s.ICAO. World aeronautical chart: Ireland. 1:1,000,000. 1968. 21 1/2 in. × 27 in. 5s.INTERNATIONAL MAP OF THE WORLD. Ireland. 1:1,000,000. 1968. 183/4 in. 29 1/4 in. 5s.
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Moore, Ronnie. "Language and Cultural Politics in Northern Ireland." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01601007.
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This paper presents an outline of the circumstances surrounding the current political stalemate in Northern Ireland. It considers the role of language as a key justification for the unravelling of the complex political arrangements formulated by The Belfast Agreement or Good Friday Agreement (GFA). The discussion begins by problematizing the notions of “identity” and “minority” in the Irish / Northern Irish context as an important backdrop and within the framework of the European commitment to, and Charter for, Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML). In particular it looks at historical memory, constructed history, ideology and notions of nationalism, as well as the role of politics and manipulation of language.
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Pini, Barbara, and Sally Shortall. "Gender Equality in Agriculture: Examining State Intervention in Australia and Northern Ireland." Social Policy and Society 5, no. 2 (April 2006): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002885.
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This paper is concerned with the extent to which the state offers potential for furthering farm women's status and rights. Using case studies of Australia and Northern Ireland, it examines the extent to which the state has intervened to address gender inequality in the agricultural sector. These two locations provide a particularly rich scope for analysis because while Australia has a long history of state feminism and an extensive legislative framework for pursing gender equity, this is not the case with Northern Ireland. At the same time, the restructuring of the state in Northern Ireland, following on from the Belfast Agreement of 1998 and the Northern Ireland Act of 1998, has generated new opportunities for state intervention regarding gender equality. Moreover, while gender is now for the first time being placed on the state agenda in Northern Ireland, gender reform is being wound back in Australia, as equity discourses are subsumed by the hegemonic discourses of neo-liberalism.
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O'Connell, Sean. "THE TROUBLES WITH A LOWER CASE t: UNDERGRADUATES AND BELFAST'S DIFFICULT HISTORY." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 28 (November 2, 2018): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440118000117.
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ABSTRACTThis paper explores the risks and rewards involved in directing undergraduate students engaged on an oral history project in Belfast. It advocates the role of oral history as a tool through which to encourage students’ engagement with research-led teaching to produce reflective assignments on the nature of historical evidence, particularly autobiographical memory. The particular challenges of conducting oral history in a city beset by ethno-sectarian divisions are discussed. This factor has ensured that the historiography of Belfast has focused extensively on conflict and violence. The city's social history is poorly understood, but employing oral history enables the exploration of issues that take undergraduate historians beyond the Troubles as a starting point. This project probed what is called the troubles with a lower case t, via an analysis of deindustrialisation and urban redevelopment in Sailortown (Belfast's dockland district). It provided evidence with which to offer a new assessment on existing historiographical discussions about working-class nostalgic memory and urban social change, one that supports those scholars that problematize attempts to categorise such memory. The testimony also differed in significant ways from previous oral history research on post-war Northern Ireland.
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Dobrianska, Nadia. "The Weaver Street bombing in Belfast 1922: violence, politics and memory." Irish Historical Studies 47, no. 172 (November 2023): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.45.
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AbstractOn 13 February 1922, an unidentified person threw a bomb into Weaver Street, which was full of Catholic children at play, killing four children and two women. The bombing became a locus of political controversy between the British government, the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State and the government of Northern Ireland, and became the archetypal story of innocent Catholic lives taken by the intercommunal conflict in the six counties which became Northern Ireland in 1920‒22. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of the role of this intercommunal conflict in Irish and British politics, using the Weaver Street bombing as a case study. This article analyses nationalist representation of the conflict as an orchestrated campaign against Catholics, ‘a pogrom’; unionist representation of the conflict as loyalist self-defence against the I.R.A.; and the British government's effort to publicly maintain neutrality in the conflict.
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Mary Kelly, Aidan Slingsby, Jason Dykes, and Jo Wood. "Mapping ‘sluggish’ migration: Irish internal migration 1851 – 1911." Irish Geography 54, no. 2 (December 13, 2022): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2021.1461.
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Emigration is a major theme in Ireland’s demographic history and has, as a result, received significant attention in scholarship. By contrast, the less prominent story of internal migration has been much less researched. This has resulted in a neglect of the changing geographies of those who remained in Ireland. Here we use Origin-Destination (OD) and Destination-Origin (DO) maps to explore changing patterns of internal migration in Ireland from 1851 to 1911. In doing so, we show that up to 1851 internal migration primarily involved the movement of people to neighbouring counties, even in the east where internal migration was higher. Dublin and Antrimwere however, both destination counties. Dublin attracted people from all over Ireland, but more prominently from its immediate hinterland, and Antrim (containing most of Belfast) attracted migrants primarily from counties that would eventually becomeNorthern Ireland. We also show that in 1851 women tended to make more localised movements whilst men moved further afield. By 1911, the proportion of people classified as internal migrants had increased by only 4%. However, here we show that migrants were now moving farther distances, being less likely to move to neighbouring counties and more likely to move towards the two principal cities. We also show that by 1911 women now outnumbered men in almost all directions, and in particular in their movements towards Dublin and Belfast. We also show some nuances with regard to the geography and gender of movement towards these cities. Men from northern counties were more numerous in Dublin than females from northern counties, and women were prevalent in Dublin city and county, whereas in Antrim women were more prevalent in the city only. Our identification of these patterns of change usinginnovative OD and DO maps aims to stimulate further research on this neglected area of Irish demographic history.
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Horning, Audrey J. "Focus found. New directions for Irish historical archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 13, no. 2 (October 11, 2006): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203806262093.
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In 1999 the Irish Post-Medieval Archaeology Group (IPMAG) was established by a diverse group of Northern Ireland archaeologists and heritage professionals, drawn from the commercial, government, museum and university sectors. The aims of the organization, discussed at length at the group's inaugural conference held in Belfast in February of 2001, include (one) undertaking initiatives to raise the profile of post-medieval archaeology within the whole of Ireland, (two) fostering greater contacts between those individuals engaged in researching the archaeology, history and culture of post-1550 Ireland and (three) lobbying for increased academic attention to be paid to the period within Irish universities. That the organization has made progress in approaching these aims is clear, as acknowledged by Tadhg O'Keeffe: ‘the archaeological study of the “historical” (post-fifteenth-century) past is now a big deal in Ireland’. IPMAG conferences have been held in conjunction with academic institutions (Queen's University, Belfast, 2001; Trinity College, Dublin, 2002; University of Ulster, 2004; University College, Cork, 2006), public institutions (Ulster Museum, 2003), and commercial archaeology companies (Aegis Archaeology, Ltd, Limerick, 2005).
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Royle, Stephen A. "From Dursey to Darrit-Uliga-Delap: an insular odyssey." Irish Geography 32, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1999.344.
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Let me begin by expressing my pride at being President of the Geographical Society of Ireland. As is immediately obvious from my accent. I was not raised in Ireland but on that larger island to the east. I am what used to be that rare thing, a migrant to Ireland. I am a migrant who has acculturated. 'We', i.e. Ulster, recently became the European rugby champions by beating a French side: 'we', i.e. Ireland, then just lost to France at rugby; a few days later England -no 'we'- lost heavily to France at soccer. To be acculturated is one thing; to be accepted is another, and to be accepted by my colleagues by being asked to become President of the Geographical Society of Ireland is an honour indeed and I thank the Society sincerely for it. My wife and I moved to Northern Ireland, for me to take up employment at Queen's University Belfast, in January 1976. Our three children were born and raised in Belfast and our family ties to Queen's were strengthened when our daughter read Geography and History there and we shared the unusual experience of her taking two of my courses. So my life - our lives - have become centred on this island of Ireland.
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McAreavey, Naomi. "Building bridges? Remembering the 1641 rebellion in Northern Ireland." Memory Studies 11, no. 1 (January 2018): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017736841.
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This essay explores the changing place of the 1641 rebellion in the memory cultures of Ulster loyalist communities before and after the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Focusing on the loyalist centres of Portadown and West Belfast, I show that commemorative activities particularly flourished during periods of crisis in these communities as they moved (or were moved) towards compromise. The 1641 Depositions Project has argued that the ‘memory’ of 1641 must be replaced by ‘history’. The potential for the transformation or dissolution of loyalist memories depends on the willingness of these communities to forget a long-established element of the expression of a ‘besieged’ Ulster Protestant identity, which in turn depends on their investment in the peace process. Nascent attempts to accommodate the history and memory of 1641 in post-conflict Northern Ireland suggest that perhaps the fledgling peace is not yet secure enough for such divisive memories to disappear.
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Carlsten, Jennie. "Feelings and Facts: Agency in Northern Irish Cinema." Journal of British Cinema and Television 20, no. 3 (July 2023): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2023.0680.
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Northern Irish cinema has long had an ambivalent relationship to the representation of history, sometimes implicitly rejecting ‘rational’ or ‘objective’ approaches in favour of emphasising the untidy and subjective emotions of its historical narratives. More recently, the films made in and about Northern Ireland have reflected a loss of agency, in particular, the sense of efficacy, locus of control and prospection which creates a belief in our ability to change our environment. Meanwhile, neoliberalism, placing the responsibility for recovery on the individual while removing systems of economic, social and cultural support, creates the conditions under which this loss of agency becomes crisis. The promotion of individual interest obstructs collective political action and progressive change. This article considers the representation of agency in two recent films about the Troubles, Belfast (2022) and I Am Belfast (2015), suggesting that film can – but does not necessarily – offer a space for emotional reflection and restoration of agency.
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Lambkin, Brian. "The pre-1969 historiography of the Northern Ireland conflict: a reappraisal." Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 156 (November 2015): 659–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2015.26.
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AbstractThis article contributes to the the mapping of the ‘pathways of transmission’ of the Northern Ireland ‘problem’ by drawing attention to three problematic aspects of John Whyte’s appraisal of the pre-1969 historiography, inInterpreting Northern Ireland(1990): that the work of T. W. Moody and J. C. Beckett and their fellow historians before 1969 was ‘lightweight’ and ‘bland’; that they effectively ignored Ulster’s history of sectarian rioting until Andrew Boyd’s bookHoly war in Belfast(1969) brought it ‘back into the consciousness of historians’; and that the ‘external conflict paradigm’ was ‘dominant’ in their discourse. These are examined in sections II–V. The content of the pre-1969 historiography is examined in section I and a preliminary reappraisal is offered in section VI.
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Hayward, Katy, and Cathal McManus. "Neither/Nor: The rejection of Unionist and Nationalist identities in post-Agreement Northern Ireland." Capital & Class 43, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816818818312.
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Since 2006, according to the Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, the largest portion of people in Northern Ireland identify themselves not as Unionist nor Nationalist but as Neither. This fact is difficult to tally with the patterns of polarised election results and the narratives of a ‘culture war’ that dominate most analyses of contemporary Northern Ireland. This article examines the existence of this large portion of the population in Northern Ireland who reject the identities upon which the 1998 Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement is centred. We find that those identifying as neither Unionist nor Nationalist are predominantly female, they come from all religious backgrounds, all age groups, and both British and Irish national identities. The majority of those who identify as Neither appear to do so as a statement of rejection of what is on offer from the political parties in Northern Ireland; rather than supporting a centrist party, they support no party at all. The article concludes that the 1998 Agreement has created the conditions for a growing number of people to identify as neither Unionist nor Nationalist, but at the same time it makes the emergence of any strong alternative, ‘third way’ type of politics difficult to envisage.
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Sherratt-Bado, Dawn Miranda. "‘Gentility Keeps Breaking Through’: Women and the Middle-Class Northern Protestant House in Janet McNeill’s The Maiden Dinosaur." Review of Irish Studies in Europe 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v3i1.2212.
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Janet McNeill’s fiction has experienced a recent revival, led by London-based publisher Turnpike Books, which reissued three of her novels between 2014 and 2015, with a fourth due in autumn 2019. The Maiden Dinosaur (1964/2015) is her best-known book, and it depicts Northern Ireland at a transitional moment in its history, during the post-war period and preceding the recommencement of the Troubles. McNeill explores vestigial systems of power that endure in Northern Ireland amidst the shifting gender, class, religious, and political contexts of the early 1960s. This essay analyses her rendering of the middle-class Northern Protestant house, and argues that it is a metonym for patriarchal structures that pervade mid-century Belfast society. McNeill examines how the women of her generation manoeuvre within this circumscribed space, and her novel represents an aesthetic gesture of self-liberation.
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McCrea, Paul H. "Trends in suicide in Northern Ireland 1922-1992." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 13, no. 1 (March 1996): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700002202.
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AbstractObjective: The trends in suicide in Northern Ireland over a 70 year period were examined with respect to sex, age and method used, and then compared with rates of unemployment and homicide.Method: The records in the office of the registrar general in Belfast were examined to obtain data. Unemployment figures were obtained from the Department of Economic Development.Results: Suicide is increasing in Northern Ireland and particularly in young men (aged 34 and under). There is a relation to unemployment although it is not felt to be directly causal. Men prefer more violent methods although vehicle exhaust gas is popular. A large number of women still choose drowning.Conclusions: Despite all initiatives, the suicide rate is increasing in Northern Ireland, in common with many European countries. It represents a major health care issue. Measures of a social or political nature may have more effect than health care advances in reducing the rate of suicide.
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Devine, Paula, and Gillian Robinson. "A Society Coming out of Conflict: Reflecting on 20 Years of Recording Public Attitudes with the Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey." Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-00401001.
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Annual public attitudes surveys are important tools for researchers, policy makers, academics, the media and the general public, as they allow us to track how – or if – public attitudes change over time. This is particularly pertinent in a society coming out of conflict. This article highlights the background to the creation of the Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey in 1998, including its links to previous survey research. Given the political changes after the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement in 1998, the challenge was to create a new annual survey that recorded public attitudes over time to key social issues pertinent to Northern Ireland’s social policy context. 2018 marks the 20th anniversary of the survey’s foundation, as well as the 20th anniversary of the Agreement. Thus, it is timely to reflect on the survey’s history and impact.
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Bowen, E. G., Gordon L. Davies, T. J. Hughes, B. Lane, Ronald H. Buchanan, P. N. O'Farrell, M. Dillon, et al. "Reviews of Books." Irish Geography 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1971.964.
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IRISH GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES IN HONOUR OF E. ESTYN EVANS, edited by Nicholas Stephens and Robin E. Gfasscock. Belfast: Department of Geography, Queen's University, 1970. xvi + 403 pp. £4.75.IRELAND, by A. R. Orme. London: Longman, 1970. xviii + 276 pp. Paper covers. £1.50.SAINTS, SEAWAYS AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE CELTIC LANDS, by E. G. Bowen. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1969. 245 pp. £2.50.THE IRISH ECONOMY SINCE 1922, by James Meenan. Liverpool: the University Press, 1970. 422 pp. £6.00RURAL EXODUS: A STUDY OF THE FORCES INFLUENCING THE LARGE‐SCALE MIGRATION OF IRISH YOUTH, by Damian Hannan. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1970. 348 pp. £3.50.RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON TWO COMMUNITIES IN WESTERN IRELAND, by Denis I. F. Lucey and Donald R. Kaldor. London: Geoffrey Chapman 1969. 208 pp. £1.75.GEOGRAPHICAL FIELDWORK IN AN IRISH BORpER AREA — LONDONDERRY‐MOVILLE, by Alan Robinson. Lincoln: Bishop Grosseteste College of Education, 1969. xv + 133 pp. 47½ p.GUIDE TO THE NATIONAL MONUMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF, IRELAND, by Peter Harbison. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1970. 284 pp. £1.50.IRELAND OBSERVED, by Maurice Craig and the Knight of Glin. Cork: The Mercier Press, 1970. 118 pp. £2.50.ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIR FOR THE PARISH OF ANTRIM (1838), with an introduction by Brian Trainor. Belfast: Northern Ireland Public Record Office, 1969. xlii and 109 pp. 20 plates. 25 p.RAILWAY HISTORY IN PICTURES: IRELAND, VOL. 2, by Alan McCutcheon. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1971. 112 pp. £2.75.BULLETIN OF THE GROUP FOR THE STUDY OF IRISH HISTORIC SETTLEMENT. No. 1, 1970. 41 pp. 25p.IRISH BOOKLORE. Belfast: Linenhall Library. Vol. 1, No. 1, 1971. 131pp. 70p.THE PAST, No. 8. Wexford: The Ui Cinsealaigh Historical Society, 1970. 105 pp. (text, 82 pp). 37½p.Map reviewÉIRE. 1 : 575,000. An tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis, Baile Átha Cliath, 1970. Praghas 12½p.
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Rony, D. "Working Class Community in Northern Ireland. By Peter McNamee and Tom Lovett. Belfast: The Ulster People's College Limited (30 Adelaide Park, Belfast BT9 6FY, Northern Ireland), 1987. 513 pp. Softbound, $18.00." Oral History Review 17, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/17.1.187.
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Ridgway, I. D., C. A. Richardson, J. D. Scourse, P. G. Butler, and D. J. Reynolds. "The population structure and biology of the ocean quahog,Arctica islandica, in Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 3 (February 15, 2011): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000154.
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The spatial distribution, density, growth rate, longevity, mortality and recruitment patterns of the long-lived clamArctica islandicain Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, UK are described. TheA. islandicapopulation at Belfast Lough appears to be restricted to a small area at the mouth of the Lough. Additional searches for specimens further into the Lough and into deeper waters found no evidence of a larger more widespread population and we report population densities of 4.5 individuals m−2. The ages of the clams were determined from the number of internal annual growth lines in acetate peel replicas of shell sections. The population growth curve was fitted using the Von Bertalanffy growth equation: Lt = 93.7 mm (1−e−0.03(t–1.25)). Based on catch curve analysis, the Belfast Lough population has an estimated longevity of 220 years and a natural mortality rate of 0.02. We compare growth characteristics and life history traits in this population with other analogousA. islandicapopulations. The overall growth performance and the phi-prime index were used to compare growth parameters with data from the literature and we observed no significant relationship between the growth performance indices and longevity or latitude. Analysis of the age-structure and reconstructed dates of settlement indicate that this population has experienced almost continual recruitment over the last century with a gap in successful recruitment into the population 90–100 years ago and another 140–150 years ago. The size-structure revealed a scarcity of small individuals which we believe may be an artefact of the dredge sampling process.
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Gheda, Paolo. "Le "Peacelines" di Belfast. Quarant'anni di separazione tra comunitŕ cristiane nella capitale dell'Irlanda del Nord (1969-2009)." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 39 (May 2012): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2012-039006.
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The construction of Belfast walls, mural barriers up to 8 meters also called the "Peacelines", coincided with the explosion of the Northern Ireland "Troubles" at the beginning of the Seventies, going to physically divide the protestant community from the catholic one. They were erected from the British authorities or also spontaneously from the local communities, as the civil conflict increased, becoming symbol of the Irish sectarianism. Inner to they, it was developed the process of weak communitarian identification, based on the negation of the others mostly founded on religious and cultural coordinates.
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Cinnéide, M. S., D. G. Pringle, P. J. Duffy, G. F. Mitchell, F. H. A. Aalen, P. O'Flanagan, Kevin Wheian, et al. "Reviews of Books." Irish Geography 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1983.759.
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NORTHERN IRELAND: ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, edited by J.G. Cruickshank and D.N. Wilcock. Belfast: The Queen's University of Belfast and The New University of Ulster, 1982. 294pp. £7.50stg. Reviewed by M.S. CinnéideINTEGRATION AND DIVISION: GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE NORTHERN IRELAND PROBLEM, edited by Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas. London: Academic Press, 1982. 368pp. £19-80stg. Reviewed by D.G. PringleTOPOTHESIA: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF T.S. O'MAILLE., edited by B.S. MacAodha. Galway: Regional Technical College, 1982. 179pp. IR£15-00. Reviewed by P.J. DuffyMAN AND ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH-WEST IRELAND, 4000 B.C.-A.D. 800, by Ann Lynch. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Scries No. 85. 175pp. £6-50stg. Reviewed by G.F. MitchellCELTIC LEINSTER: TOWARDS AN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF EARLY IRISH CIVILISATION A.D. 500-1600, by Alfred P. Smyth. Irish Academic Press, 1982. 197pp. IR£25. Reviewed by F.H.A. AalenIRELAND AND FRANCE, 17TH-20TH CENTURIES: TOWARDS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL HISTORY, edited by L.M. Cullcn and F. Furct. Paris: Éditions de l'École des Hautcs Études en Sciences Sociales, 1980, 237pp. Reviewed by P. O'FlanaganIRELAND: LAND, POLITICS AND PEOPLE, edited by P.J. Drudy. Irish Studies 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. 551 pp. £25stg. Reviewed by Kevin WheianIRELAND'S SEA FISHERIES: A HIS TORY, bv John de Courcy Ireland. Dublin: Glendale Press, 1981. 184pp. IR£.10-40.Reviewed by Gordon L. Herries DaviesPOPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE PROJECTIONS BY COUNTY AND REGION 1979-1991, by John Blackwell and John McGregor. National Economic and Social Council Report Number 63. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1982. 85pp. IR£2-02. Reviewed by John CowardAGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND 1975 – A GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, by J.A. Walsh and A.A. Horncr. Dublin: Report to the National Board for Science and Technology, 1981. Reviewed by Desmond A. GillmorSTRUCTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS, by J.A. Walsh. Dublin: Our Lady of Mercy College, Carysfort Park, Blackrock, Discussion Paper No. 1, 1982. 44pp. IR£1-00; AGRICULTURAL LAND-TENURE AND TRANSFER, by P.W. Kelly. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, Socio-economic Research Series, No. I, 1982. 100pp. IR£3.00. Reviewed by Mary E. CawleySTATE AND COMMUNITY: RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN THE SLIEVE LEAGUE PENINSULA, CO. DONEGAL, by Colm Regan and Proinnsias Brcathnach. Department of Geography, Mavnooth College, Occasional Papers, No. 2, 1981.81pp. IR£2-50. Reviewed by R.H. BuchananMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, by D.A. Gillmor. Dublin: Bank of Ireland, 1982. 44pp. No price. Reviewed by Barry M. BruntA REVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY, by the Telesis Consultancy Group. NationalEconomic and Social Council Report Number 64. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1982. 440pp. IR£7-00. Reviewed by Proinnsias BreathnachTRANSPORT POLICY IN IRELAND, by Sean D. Barrett. Dublin: Irish Management Institute, 1982. 200pp. IR£8-00. Reviewed by James E. KillenTECHNOLOGY AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1981. 85pp. IR£3-00; INFRASTRUCTURE: FINANCE, EMPLOYMENT, ORGANISATION. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1982. 80pp. IR£3-00.Reviewed by A.A. HomerTHE CLIMATE OF DUBLIN. Dublin: Meteorological Service, 1983. 146pp. IR£,600. Reviewed by Stu DaultreyURBANA — DUBLIN'S LIST I BUILDINGS: A CONSERVATION REPORT. Dublin: An Taisce/Heritage Trust, 1982. 32pp. IR£2-50. Reviewed by A.J. ParkerOFFICE DEVELOPMENT IN DUBLIN 1960-1980, by Patrick Malone. Dublin: Department of Geography, Trinity College, and Lisney & Son, 1981. 79pp. IR£5-00. Reviewed by Michael J. BannonSOCIAL NEED AND COMMUNITY SOCIAL SERVICF.S, by Ann Lavan. Dublin: Tallaght Welfare Society, 1981. 261pp. IRT5-00. Reviewed by W.J. McGaugheyINISHMURRAY: ANCIENT MONASTIC ISLAND, bv Patrick Ucraughty. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1982. 96pp. IR£800. Reviewed by W. NolanANTIQUE MAPS OF THE BRITISH ISLES, by David Smith. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1982. 243pp. £25stg. Reviewed by J.H. AndrewsMAP REVIEWSSTREET MAP OF I.IMF.RICK. 1:9,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey oflreland. 1982. IR£1 -80; STREET MAP OF I.ISBURN. 1:8,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1982. £l-50stg; STREET MAPS OF BALLYNAHINCH, DOWNPATRICK & NEWCASTLE. 1:10,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1982. £1-50stg. Reviewed by E. Buckmaster
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BIAGINI, EUGENIO F. "A LONG WAY TO TIPPERARY: THE IRISH IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Historical Journal 61, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000218.
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‘The Irish are out in force’: it was a rainy summer day on the fields of the Somme, and they were very young, in their early teens, in fact. However, this was not 1916, but 2016, when the centenary of one of the bloodiest battles in history attracted an international crowd, including large contingents of school children from the Republic. In contrast to the 50th anniversary, which, in 1966, had been a ‘Unionist’ commemoration – claimed by the Northern Irish loyalists as their own, while the survivors of the Southern veterans kept their heads down and suppressed this part of their past – in 2016, the conflict was widely construed as an inclusive experience, which saw men and women giving their lives ‘for Ireland’ even when fighting ‘for King and Empire’. A generation ago this would have shocked traditional nationalists, who regarded the Great War as an ‘English’ one, in contrast to the Easter Rising and the subsequent War of Independence. However, European integration and the Peace Process gradually brought about a different mindset. Among historians, it was the late Keith Jeffery who spearheaded the revision of our perception of Ireland's standing in the war. This reassessment was further developed in 2008, with John Horne's editingOur war, a volume jointly published by RTÉ (the Irish broadcasting company) and the Royal Irish Academy, in which ten of the leading historians of the period – including Keith Jeffery, Paul Bew, David Fitzpatrick, and Catriona Pennell – presented Ireland as a protagonist, rather than merely a victim of British imperialism. By 2016, this new understanding had largely reshaped both government and public perceptions, with ‘the emergence of a more tolerant and flexible sense of Irish identity’. This has been confirmed by the largely consensual nature of the war centenary commemorations. While Dublin took the initiative, Northern Ireland's Sinn Féin leaders were ready to follow suit with the then deputy first minister of Northern Ireland, Martin McGuinness, visiting the battlefield of the Western Front to honour the memory of the Irish dead, and the Speaker of the Belfast Assembly, Mitchel McLaughlin, and his party colleague, Elisha McCallion, the mayor of Derry and Strabane, laying wreaths at the local war memorials.
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Reinsborough, Michael. "The arbitration of nature: state, water, and civil engineering in Northern Ireland directly after partition." Water History 13, no. 3 (October 2021): 337–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-021-00284-6.
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AbstractBegun in the summer of 1923, the Silent Valley Reservoir was the first large scale civil engineering project after the division between the North and the South of Ireland. It was the continuation of a previous project. In the late Nineteenth Century a portion of the Kilkeel and Annalong Rivers in the Mourne Mountains had been diverted 35 miles to provide water for the growing industrial city of Belfast in the North of Ireland. A reservoir in the mountains was also planned at a later date but this was delayed by the Great War and then by Irish political instability and the high cost of construction in immediate post war period. Before being completed the project had to overcome several obstacles. Firstly, the Mourne Mountains were claimed by the South of Ireland and thus subject to the Boundary Commission of the Anglo-Irish peace treaty. The Water Commissioners had brought important British political leaders to tour the Silent Valley construction site in an attempt to demonstrate how implausible a situation (in their opinion) that the South should control the major water supply to the capital city of the North. Secondly, shortly after the Boundary Commission was shelved, the combination of fluid subsoil and the failure to locate bedrock at expected depth brought construction to a halt while an engineering, political, and legal solution was sought for the expensive and now publicly controversial project. This article traces the contingent relationship between state (sovereignty) and technology (water reservoir) using a socio legal and socio material description of the crucial arbitration process enabling further time and resources for resolution of the difficulty. Ultimately an air-shaft device for excavating under increased atmospheric pressure had to be designed taking in mind both technical and political difficulties. Today the 3000-million-gallon reservoir, first imagined in the late Nineteenth Century, continues to be a major water source for the city of Belfast.
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Hoey, Paddy. "Dissident and dissenting republicanism: From the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement to Brexit." Capital & Class 43, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816818818088.
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The 1998 Good Friday/Belfast Peace Agreement was almost universally supported by nationalists in Northern Ireland, and Sinn Féin’s high-profile role in the discussions was the foundation upon which it would transform itself from the political wing of the Provisional Irish Republican Army to second biggest party at Stormont. However, dissidents pointed out that the compromises made by Sinn Féin during the Peace Process were a sell-out of the political and ideological aspirations held by republicans for at least a century. New dissident groups emerged in opposition to the course taken by Sinn Féin, and the period since 1998 has been one of the most dynamic in republican history since the Irish Civil War. New political parties and organisations like the 32 County Sovereignty Movement, éirígí, Republican Network for Unity and Saoradh emerged reflecting this state of flux and the existential fears felt by those for whom the Good Friday Agreement fell far short of delivering the republican aspiration of a united Ireland. Although Brexit provided a curious and fortunate opportunity for momentary public attention, these groups have remained peripheral actors in the Irish and British political public spheres.
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Pickett, Linda, and Susan Carson. "Importing Peace Education from Belfast: A Prosocial Approach to School Improvement in the US." Social Studies Research and Practice 1, no. 3 (November 1, 2006): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-03-2006-b0004.
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This paper presents the results and experiences of one school within a unique university/K-12 school district partnership that approached school reform through a framework of peace education. Faced with the challenge of improving academic achievement in a district with a history of five years failing to meet Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) as defined by the No Child Left Behind Act, university faculty collaborated with elementary school teachers to implement principles of peace education that have been successfully applied at Oldwood Integrated Primary School in Belfast, Northern Ireland. As two university faculty involved in the project, we present challenges, theoretical perspectives, and the model that guided our initiative, the process, and results of social change in teaching practice.
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Tyrrell, J. G., G. F. Mitchell, Stephen A. Royle, Anngret Simms, J. G. Cruickshank, J. P. Haughton, Kevin Whelan, et al. "Reviews of Books and Maps." Irish Geography 17, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1984.744.
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PROMISE AND PERFORMANCE: IRISH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ANALYSED, edited by John Blackwell and Frank J. Convery. Dublin: The Resource and Environmental Policy Centre, University College Dublin, 1983. 434 pp. IR£7-95. Reviewed by: J.G. TyrrellLANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY IN IRELAND, edited by T. Reeves-Smyth and F. Hamond. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 116, 1983. 389 pp. £17-00stg. Reviewed by: G.F. MitchellIRELAND AND SCOTLAND 1600–1850: PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, edited by T.M. Devine and D. Dickson. Edinburgh: John Donald, 1983. 283 pp. £16-00stg. Reviewed by: Stephen A. RoyleGEORGIAN DUBLIN: IRELAND'S IMPERILLED ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, by Kevin C. Reams. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1983. 224 pp. IR£12-95. Reviewed by: Anngret SimmsSOILS OF COUNTY MEATH, by T.F. Finch, M.J. Gardiner, A. Comey and T. Radford. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais Soil Survey Bulletin No. 37, 1983. 162 pp. + 2 maps in colour. IR£10-00. Reviewed by: J.G. CruickshankKILLARNEY NATIONAL PARK: AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE, by Alan Craig. Dublin: National Parks and Monuments Service, Office of Public Works, 1983. 40 pp. IR£0-80. Reviewed by: J.P. HaughtonAGRICULTURE IN IRELAND: A CENSUS ATLAS, by A.A. Horner, J.A. Walsh and J.A. Williams. Dublin: Department of Geography, University College Dublin, 1984. 104 pp. IR£12-00. Reviewed by: Kevin WhelanA STUDY OF PART-TIME FARMERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, by J. Higgins. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, Socio-economic Research Series, No. 3, 1983. 118 pp. IR£2-50. Reviewed by: J.A. WalshDEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE WEST OF IRELAND 1970–1980, by M.S. 0 Cinneide and M.E. Cawley. Dublin: An Chomhairle Oiluna Talmhaiochta, Blackrock, 1983. 110 pp. IR£12-00; AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF THE MID-WEST REGION. Mid-West Regional Development Organisation and An Foras Taluntais, 1982. 173 pp. IR£5-00. Reviewed by: Desmond A. GillmorRURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE WEST OF IRELAND: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE GAELTACHT EXPERIENCE, edited by Proinnsias Breathnach. Maynooth: Department of Geography, St Patrick's College, Occasional Paper No. 3, 1983, 87 pp. lR£3-00. Reviewed by: Mary E. CawleyCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE KILLALA AREA, by D. O'Cearbhaill and M.S. O'Cinni'ide. Galway: Social Sciences Research Centre, 1983. 65 pp. No price given. Reviewed by: Kevin HourihanIRELAND IN THE YEAR 2000: TOWARDS A NATIONAL STRATEGY, ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha and National Board for Science and Technology, 1983. 99 pp. IR£5-00. Reviewed by: F.H.A. AalenANTIPODE. Volume 12, Number 1. Special issue on Ireland, edited by Jim McLaughlin, Dennis Pringle, Colm Regan and Francis Walsh. Worcester, Mass., (1980). 117 pp. Reviewed by: A.A. HomerTWENTY YEARS OF PLANNING: A REVIEW OF THE SYSTEM SINCE 1963, by Berna Grist. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1983. 49 pp. IR£3-00. Reviewed by: A.J. ParkerPUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF STRATEGIES IN IRELAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, by P.C. Humphreys. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1983. 332 pp. IR£18-00. Reviewed by: M.J. Bannon75:25 IRELAND IN AN UNEQUAL WORLD, by Colm Regan and others. Dublin: Development Education Commission, CONGOOD, 1984. 208 pp. IR£2 00. Reviewed by: H.J. PollardSHEETS OF MANY COLOURS: THE MAPPING OF IRELAND'S ROCKS 1750–1890, by Gordon L. Hcrries Davies. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1983. 242 pp. IR£15-00. Reviewed by: Barbara MillerTHE BOOK OF MAPS OF THE DUBLIN CITY SURVEYORS 1695–1827, an annotated list by Mary Clark. Dublin: Dublin Corporation Archives, City Libraries, 1983. 69 pp. IR£3 00. Reviewed by: Paul FergusonIRISH MAP HISTORY: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SECONDARY WORKS, 1850- 1983, ON THE HISTORY OF CAROGRAPHY IN IRELAND, by Paul Ferguson. Dublin: Tenth International Conference on the History of Cartography, 1983. 26 pp. IR£2-00. Reviewed by: Avril ThomasMAP REVIEWSFERMANAGH LAKELAND OUTDOOR PURSUITS MAP AND NAVIGATION GUIDE: LOWER LOUGH ERNE. 1:25,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1984. £2-00stg; LONDONDERRY STREET MAP. 1:10,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1983. £l-50stg. Reviewed by: E. Buckmaster
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MCCLELLAND, ANDREW G. "A ‘ghastly interregnum’: the struggle for architectural heritage conservation in Belfast before 1972." Urban History 45, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926816000870.
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ABSTRACTThis article explores the creation of the system for the conservation of architectural heritage in Northern Ireland, evidencing the struggle for convergence within the UK before 1972. The agency of networked individuals, close state–civil society interrelationships and the innovative actions of conservationist groups in response to legislative and practice inadequacies in the 1960s are discussed. In particular, a series of ‘pre-statutory lists’ are introduced, highlighting the burgeoning interest in industrial archaeology and Victorian architecture in Belfast and the prompt provided to their creation by redevelopment. The efforts of conservationists were eventually successful after the collapse of Devolution in the early 1970s.
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Mac Bhloscaidh, Fearghal. "The Caledon Lockout: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Rural Ulster, 1918–1922." International Labor and Working-Class History 98 (2020): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000334.
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AbstractThis paper examines an unsuccessful strike by Irish Catholic and Protestant workers at a woolen mill in 1919. The location, Caledon in County Tyrone, is renowned as a stronghold of Ulster Unionism and Orangeism, yet in the context of the revolutionary period in Ireland from 1916–1926, traditional sectarian divisions briefly abated in the face of working-class solidarity. In this respect, the analysis offers something of a corrective to assumptions regarding the immutability of sectarian divisions in Ulster. The article also places Caledon within the context of a widespread and sustained movement of unskilled workers in the main provincial city, Belfast, and across much of rural Ulster between 1918–1920. Nevertheless, the manner in which the employer defeated the strike and the village's subsequent history of violent sectarianism offers valuable insights into the creation and consolidation of Northern Ireland, or what many local Catholics called “the Orange State,” which celebrates its centenary in 2020.
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Gilbert, James, Caroline Uggla, and Ruth Mace. "Knowing your neighbourhood: local ecology and personal experience predict neighbourhood perceptions in Belfast, Northern Ireland." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 12 (December 2016): 160468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160468.
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Evolutionary theory predicts that humans should adjust their life-history strategies in response to local ecological threats and opportunities in order to maximize their reproductive success. Cues representing threats to individuals' lives and health in modern, Western societies may come in the form of local ages at death, morbidity rate and crime rate in their local area, whereas the adult sex ratio represents a measure of the competition for reproductive partners. These characteristics are believed to have a strong influence over a wide range of behaviours, but whether they are accurately perceived has not been robustly tested. Here, we investigate whether perceptions of four neighbourhood characteristics are accurate across eight neighbourhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland. We find that median age at death and morbidity rates are accurately perceived, whereas adult sex ratios and crime rates are not. We suggest that both neighbourhood characteristics and personal experiences contribute to the formation of perceptions. This should be considered by researchers looking for associations between area-level factors.
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Prince, Simon. "Against Ethnicity: Democracy, Equality, and the Northern Irish Conflict." Journal of British Studies 57, no. 4 (October 2018): 783–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.117.
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AbstractThe study of the Northern Irish Troubles is dominated by ethnic readings of conflict and violence. Drawing on new scholarship from a range of different disciplines and on fresh archival sources, this article questions these explanations. General theories that tie together ethnicity with conflict and violence are shown to be based on definitions that fail to distinguish ethnic identities from other ones. Their claims cannot be taken as being uniquely or even disproportionately associated with ethnicity. Explanatory models specifically developed for the case of modern Ireland do address that weakness. Yet, this article contends, they rest upon the fallacy that the Catholic and Protestant peoples are transhistorical entities. Political ideas, organizations, and actions cannot be reduced to fixed group identities. This article argues instead that the Troubles centered on a political conflict—one over rival visions of modern democracy. The pursuit of equality, the core value of democracy, led not only to conflicts but also to some of those conflicts becoming violent. Focusing on Belfast in the summer and autumn of 1969, this article sets out how the main political actors asserted competing claims to popular sovereignty and traces how multiple dynamic and intersecting conflicts became arrayed around the central one.
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Jackson, Alvin. "J.C. Beckett: politics, faith, scholarship." Irish Historical Studies 33, no. 130 (November 2002): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400015650.
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On 16 February 1966 James Camlin Beckett, who by that time had taught in Queen’s University Belfast for twenty-one years, confided to his diary that he found it ‘hard to stay awake for an hour long lecture’ and wondered whether ‘we also go to sleep without knowing it, when we are giving a lecture instead of receiving it’. In this, the first of the lectures commemorating Beckett’s achievement, I propose — one hopes in a passably alert state — to examine three central aspects of his life and convictions: his politics and sense of national identity, his religious life, and finally his philosophy of history. The lecture draws upon Beckett’s writings, and on his papers and diaries (which are at present housed in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland); other Beckett letters, some in private hands, have also been used.
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Tynan, Aidan. "A Season in Hell: Paradox and Violence in the Poetry of Padraic Fiacc." Irish University Review 44, no. 2 (November 2014): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2014.0128.
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The work of Belfast poet Padraic Fiacc is an important but critically neglected contribution to the canon of Northern Irish poetry. This article explores Fiacc's work, giving particular attention to the collections published during the bloodiest years of the Northern Ireland conflict and to the anthology of poems on the subject of the conflict which he edited and published in 1974 with the Blackstaff Press. Beyond the intrinsic value of Fiacc's poems themselves, his work has the benefit of causing us to reconsider issues of canonicity in the Irish poetic tradition and to revisit some of the assumptions about the relationships between poetry, history, and politics which have become dominant in our understanding of this tradition. Fiacc's poetry, while located in a distinctly Irish cultural context, bears important resemblances to the work of continental figures such as Rimbaud and Celan. In addition, Fiacc's work raises crucial questions about the relationship between violence, poetry, and language at a more general level. The article addresses some of these questions through the insights of philosophers such as Slavoj Žižek, Theodor Adorno, and Walter Benjamin.
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Brazier, Rodney. "The Constitution of the United Kingdom." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 96–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399001063.
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BEFORE the dawn of the millennium new legislative and executive authorities will have been established in Edinburgh, Cardiff and (subject to further political and other progress) in Belfast. This article analyses the nature of these constitutional initiatives, and examines their place in the unitary state which is the United Kingdom. It begins by tracing the history of constitutional union between England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. The legal effect of the 1998 devolution statutes is examined, in particular on the legal sovereignty of the United Kingdom Parliament. A triple constitutional and legal lock exists in the Scotland Act 1998 to ensure that the devolution settlement is the final step away from the pure unitary state which has enfolded Scotland in Great Britain. The nature and likely success of that lock are analysed in some detail. The lawmaking powers of the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Assembly, and the Northern Ireland Assembly are assessed. The similarities and differences between each of the three devolved governments and the British Government are highlighted, and consequences and possible lessons for future government-making at Westminster are drawn. The article concludes with a peer into the possible constitutional futures for the United Kingdom.
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VAN DE VEN, HANS. "Robert Hart and the Chinese Maritime Customs Service." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 3 (July 2006): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0600206x.
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In September 2003, academics from China, Europe and the USA gathered at Queen's University Belfast. They came first to attend an exhibition and then to present and discuss papers on the career in China of Robert Hart. Largely forgotten in Britain and even Northern Ireland, although not in the academic field of Chinese Studies, Robert Hart was born in County Armagh and studied at Queen's before travelling to Hong Kong in 1854 as a young recruit to the British Consular Service for China and Japan. He soon found himself despatched to the British consulate at Ningbo to study consular procedures and learn Chinese with the aid of a Chinese tutor and one of the Confucian classics, the Mencius. At this time, much of south China was engulfed by the Taiping Rebellion, which was inspired by Christianity.
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Lang, Luciana, and Ian Mell. "‘I stick to this side of the park’: Parks as shared spaces in contemporary Belfast." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848620918829.
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This paper presents the results of the ‘Beyond the Peace Walls’ pilot project, which examined the role of urban parks in Belfast, a city marked by a history of sectarianism. It explores the interface of culture, inclusivity and belonging through the concept of ‘shared spaces’ following the rationale that has guided policy-making in Northern Ireland since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. By examining the alternative narratives of the historical role of public parks, as spaces of community making, alongside recent efforts to overcome sectarianism, it investigates how the lived experience of parks articulated through the concept of ‘shared spaces’ is understood by policy-makers and local communities. The research draws on material collected in conversations with park goers framed by comparative analysis of research undertaken in other segregated cities to explore the extent to which urban design curbs or reinforces segregation. Findings reveal ongoing tensions between the neutralisation and the signification of space underlying place restructuring in Belfast rejecting the claim that parks are ‘neutral’ compared to other ‘interface’ locations. We argue that parks are not neutral spaces: people have very clear understandings of the demarcation of space within parks, even if the markers are not visible for all to see. Signifiers are perceived through gestures, language, names and activities, while shared spaces embody historically informed values and constraints. We also suggest that formal planning and management of shared spaces in Belfast need to be constantly evolving to meet the fluid needs and aspirations of the city’s population, while taking into account the historical and affective relevance of physical and ethno-political segregation.
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Pilcher, Jeffrey M. "The Globalization of Guinness: Marketing Taste, Transferring Technology." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 65, no. 1 (April 17, 2024): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2024-0004.
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Abstract Brewed in 50 countries and consumed in 150, Guinness Stout has become a global commodity. Although associated with Irish pubs and diasporic populations, it has also become popular in former British colonies of Africa and Southeast Asia. This article adopts a mobility studies perspective to show how Guinness built its global appeal, first through trade and settlement in the British empire during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and subsequently by navigating the upheavals of decolonization and economic integration in the second half of the twentieth and early twenty first centuries. Transfers of brewing technology and marketing techniques were essential for the company’s success in postcolonial markets. In particular, this article shows that metropolitan exporters could work with colonial subjects to subvert imperial policies. Such alliances were not entirely unexpected, for with its headquarters in a former British colony, Guinness was ideally situated to blend the global and the local, just as the company had successfully bridged the bloody divide of Irish independence, remaining as beloved in Belfast, loyalist heartland of Northern Ireland, as in Dublin, capital of the Irish Republic.
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Lambkin, Brian. "The historiography of the conflict in Northern Ireland and the reception of Andrew Boyd's Holy war in Belfast (1969)." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature 114C, no. 1 (2014): 327–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ria.2014.0004.
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Paris-Popa, Andreea. "Between Troubles and Peace in Northern Ireland: Cinematic Divisions in Kenneth Branagh’s Belfast (2021) and Terry Loane’s Mickybo and Me (2004)." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 22, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausfm-2022-0014.
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Abstract The Troubles officially ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, but the conflict left such profound scars in the history of the region that making a film about Northern Ireland tends to almost automatically assume a discourse informed by division. The question that arises, then, is how this context may be tackled so as to simultaneously do justice to its traditionally rendered black-and-white reality and offer a more complex, contemporary understanding of the past that embraces reconciliation, openness and multiplicity of perspectives. Thus, the paper offers a close analysis of multiple types of division featured in Kenneth Branagh’s Belfast (2021) and Terry Loane’s Mickybo and Me (2004) by making use of John Hill’s and Fiona Coffey’s theoretical categorizations that distinguish traditional Troubles productions from the more recent Peace Process cinema. This genre-based inquiry allows for a probing of the films’ positioning in relation to the Troubles paradigm, as well as a revealing of difference at the heart of two otherwise very similar films, whose employment of conventional vocabulary may not allow for their unproblematic alignment with the politics of peace.
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Daly, Mary E. "'A Third Country': Irish Border Communities." Review of Irish Studies in Europe 6, no. 2 (December 6, 2023): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v6i2.3211.
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Inserting a border where one did not previously exist transforms the mental and physical map of individuals and communities. Those who live along the Irish Border regard themselves as distinct from the rest of Northern Ireland or Ireland – ‘a third country’, that is neglected, and distinct from both Belfast and Dublin. This paper explores the neglect and belated ‘discovery’ of the problems facing border areas: the local impact of partition on population and the economy, the image of the border as a zone of violence and lawlessness, and the importance of the parish and community identities, together with the question of sectarianism. Official interest in the border (apart from security matters), only emerged in 1983 when the Economic and Social Committee of the EEC issued a report on Irish Border Areas highlighting the serious socio-economic problems. Since the 1990s border communities, both north and south, have benefited significantly from an array of programmes funded by the EU, the British and Irish governments and international donors. Most of the practical difficulties of life along the border, such as customs and security posts, were removed during the 1990s, with the introduction of the EU Single Market and the end of paramilitary violence. This has enabled some restoration of traditional cross-border networks. Britain’s decision to leave the EU threatened to restore these administrative barriers, but concerted efforts by the Irish government and the strong support from the EU ensured that this was avoided. Although the Irish border has practically disappeared on the ground, legacies remain. Over the past century it has reconfigured community and personal identities, and it remains a potent political symbol for both nationalists and unionists.
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Ferguson, Frank. "Northern Soulscapes: Writing through Brexit in the work of Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham and Dara McAnulty." Porównania 30, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/por.2021.3.3.
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At a time of when the global crises of pandemic and climate change could be said to offer sufficient challenges to life in the British and Irish Isles, the implementation of Brexit provides a further gargantuan difficulty. Borders, bureaucracies and belief systems dissolve like the certainty that subjects once felt to their connection to states or Unions. Or new borders and systems appear, bringing with them unwieldy new protocols and practices. Shelves empty, goods sit locked in containers; caught up in the holding pattern of another new normal of online retail inertia. Dislocation, fear and anger rise. The epicentre of the Brexit shambles can be said to be located in the ever betwixt and between location of Northern Ireland. Here with its newly imposed sea border with Great Britain and its maintenance of European Union relations with the Republic of Ireland we see a fractured and fractious society struggling as ever to come to terms with how to balance the aspiration of opposing ideologies and national ambitions with an additional level of chaos. In a time of catastrophe what can literature do? This question, often posed during “The Troubles” has very much come back to be painfully reiterated to writers, readers and critics at a time of multiple lockdowns. However, if an examination is made of publishing in Ireland in the last couple of years, we see a buoyant press offering a number of intriguing responses to the significance and efficacy of literature to respond to the current human predicament. In this article I will examine the work of three contemporary writers, Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham, and Dara McAnulty. I will argue that their use of genre (memoir, short story, nature diary) provides a fresh and robust response to the chaotic present of Northern Irish political life. In their separate ways they contest the fixed, static and impermeable political echo chamber of Northern Ireland. Dawe, I contend, seeks a means through his autobiographical work to retrace time and space in the history of the province and articulate alternative ways of interpreting the past. He is able to draw sustenance and restoration from often overlooked times of possibility in his own and the wider story of Belfast. In Graham’s case, I would suggest that her bold and assertive first collection of short stories provides an acerbic and raw inspection of the past but one that also provides glimpses of reconciliation and genuine hope in the face of trauma. I conclude by exploring the work of McAnulty. Ostensibly a diary that traces his engagements with nature, his book is a tour de force that reimagines Ireland as a location gripped in the ravages of the Anthropocene startlingly brought to life by a young man faced with the challenges of autism. Part memoir, part praise poem to nature, it is a remarkable coming of age non-fiction work, which along with Dawe’s and Graham’s writing suggests that Northern Irish literature offers a broad and brilliant retort to the current local and global calamities that we face.
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Kearney, Matthew, and Heather Ritchie. "Developer contributions and community benefits: understanding the regulatory context for the implementation of a value-capturing instrument in Northern Ireland." Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print ahead-of-print (August 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.33.
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Developer contributions have a rich history in all UK jurisdictions, other than in Northern Ireland (NI). This paper presents a moment in NI’s planning modernisation in which a scheme of developer contributions has been introduced, primarily by Belfast City Council. There has been little scholarship devoted to NI’s planning reform, however, there has been considerable attention directed to the increasingly neo-liberal governing landscape in which these reforms took place. We consider this debate and try to place the implementation of developer contributions in this context. Our primary evidence is based on policy analysis, committee records and interviews with stakeholders across the planning community. In the case we have presented the lack of definition around what constitutes a community benefit has opened space for deliberation across the NI planning community. This discussion has encouraged a debate that broadly centres around a neo-liberal abstraction of the purpose of developer contributions. When considering the subject of this special issue, Rethinking Regulation, we question what the purpose is for developer contributions as a contemporary planning process. We do this by investigating the relationship between ‘community’ and the ‘public interest’ under neo-liberal governing regimes. We present issues of policy ambiguity, of scale and of viability as a decision-making tool. We conclude that deverloper contributions in NI have become an instrument that is narrow in purpose, yet one which has become codified around a market-focused rationality. We finally reflect on policy performance to date, highlighting a seemingly inherent difficulty for planning authorities in realising social outcomes through developer contributions.
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Lojo Rodríguez, Laura. "War Thoughts from the Periphery: Contemporary Perspectives." Oceánide 13 (February 9, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37668/oceanide.v13i.35.
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This article aims at critically examining the contemporary urge to overcome taboos, silence and amnesia both in private and public history as a result of participation in the “Great War” in order to exorcise the transgenerational phantom which continues to haunt the present. To do so, I here examine two contemporary short stories published in the wake of centennial commemorations of the Great War in 2014, Sheena Wilkinson’s “Each Slow Dusk” and Xiaolu Guo’s “Coolies”. These stories articulate from different angles and perspectives women’s necessity to settle accounts with their own family history and with a traumatic inheritance which has been silenced. Unlike many war veterans whose participation in the war was acknowledged by proper mourning and public rituals, the protagonists of Guo and Wilkinson’s stories were deprived of recognition and their participation was silenced within the family and by official amnesia. The political position of Northern Ireland as part of the British Empire is overtly explored in Wilkinson’s depiction of the country’s adherence to the First World War in her short story “Each Slow Dusk”, where the protagonist sees her dreams of entering Queen’s College in Belfast abruptly put to an end when her shell-socked brother returns from the Somme in 1916. In “Coolies”, British-Chinese writer Xiaolu Guo brings to the fore the participation of 100,000 Chinese peasants– or kulis – recruited by the British army to dig European trenches, addressing a topic which already challenges received conceptions of the conflict as a European drama.
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Baker, Colin. "Maolcholaim Scott and Roise Ni Bhaoill(eds.). Gaelic-Medium Education Provision: Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man(Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, 8). Belfast: Clo Ollscoil na Banriona. 2003. 144 pp. Pb (0853898472)." Journal of Sociolinguistics 9, no. 3 (August 2005): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-6441.2005.0301d.x.
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