Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Belgian Congo

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Belgian Congo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Belgian Congo.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Belgian Congo"

1

Fraiture, Pierre-Philippe. "Modernity and the Belgian Congo." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i1.3463.

Full text

Abstract:

This article will explore the intellectual context in which French-Belgian colonial writing developed from the turn of the twentieth century to the late 1930s. This period is marked by a gradual shift from evolutionism to cultural relativism. The analysis will first focus on the Tervuren colonial exhibition of 1897 and the progressive emergence of Belgian africanism in the early twentieth century. Secondly, it will account for the ways in which this overall context bore witness to new and somewhat less Eurocentric conditions of possibility. Subsequently, the article will attempt to draw parallels between these more inclusive and seemingly less orientalising anthropological paradigms and the advent, first in France and then in Belgium, of a rejuvenated brand of colonial literature (or indigenous realism) which, for all its openness and eagerness to embrace modernity, did not result in radical rejections of colonialism on the part of its promoters. Finally, two Belgian novels in French – M. L. Delhaise-Arnould’s Amedra (1926) and H. Drum’s Luéji (1932) – will be analysed to appraise whether or not their authors’ objective to reconstitute Congolese indigeneity is a strategy to oppose Belgian modernity against Congolese supposed pre-modernity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Rosoux, Valerie, and Laurence van Ypersele. "The Belgian national past: Between commemoration and silence." Memory Studies 5, no. 1 (November 16, 2011): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424030.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the gradual deconstruction of the Belgian national identity. Is it possible to speak of a de facto differentiation or even ‘federalization’ of the so-called ‘national past’ in Belgium? How do Belgians choose to remember and forget this past? To contribute to an understanding of these issues, the article considers two very different episodes of Belgian history, namely the First World War and the colonization of the Congo. On the one hand, the memory of the First World War appears to provide the template for memory conflicts in Belgium, and thus informs the memories of other tragedies such as the Second World War. On the other hand, the memory of the colonial past remains much more consensual – providing a more nuanced picture of competing views on the past. Beyond the differences between the ways in which these episodes are officially portrayed, the same fundamental trend may be observed: the gradual fragmentation of a supposedly smooth and reliable national version of history.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Van Schuylenbergh, Patricia. "Pisciculture in the Belgian Congo." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 137, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.11689.

Full text

Abstract:

After the Second World War, an ambitious fish farming project was set up in the Congo by the Belgian colonial government on the basis of scientific reports indicating the state of fish resources. The aim was to feed the indigenous population, especially in rural areas considered to be the poorest, and to make economic production profitable, which could contribute to the well-being of the Congolese workers. By placing this project in the long history of sustainability, this article presents the main economic and socio-environmental issues regarding food and the use of fish resources that drove this project, as well as the measures put in place by the authorities associated with the experts to respond to them. The last part provides and discusses arguments that allow for the evaluation of the extent to which the fish farming project met the conditions of interconnected economic, social and environmental sustainability, as defined by the concept of sustainable development. Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog ontwikkelde de Belgische koloniale overheid in Congo een ambitieus viskweekproject op basis van wetenschappelijke rapporten over het welzijn van de visbestanden. Het doel was de lokale bevolking van met name de arme plattelandsgebieden te voeden, de economie rendabel te maken en het welzijn van de Congolese arbeiders te verhogen. Door dit project in de lange geschiedenis van duurzaamheid te plaatsen, presenteert dit artikel de belangrijkste economische, sociale en ecologische problemen die aan de basis van dit project lagen en de maatregelen die experts en autoriteiten hiervoor voorstelden en namen. In de laatste paragraaf wordt beoordeeld in welke mate het viskweekproject voldeed aan het ideaal van duurzame ontwikkeling, waarbinnen economische, sociale en ecologische dimensies van duurzaamheid als onderling samenhangend worden gedefinieerd.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Piret, Bérengère. "Reviving the Remains of Colonization – The Belgian Colonial Archives in Brussels." History in Africa 42 (February 18, 2015): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2015.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSince 1997, all the archives of Belgian Congo are deposited at the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Brussels and are opened up the public. For more than fifteen years, researchers have consulted and scrutinized its documents produced by the colonial authorities between 1908 and 1960. Still several collections have not been explored. This article relates of the history and the organization of the archives of Belgian Congo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

De Meester, Tom. "Nationaliteit in Belgisch Congo: Constructie en Verbeelding." Afrika Focus 14, no. 1 (February 11, 1998): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-01401004.

Full text

Abstract:

Nationality in the Belgian Congo: Construction and Imagination This article discusses nationality law in the Belgian Congo and analyses theoretical disputes in the contemporary legal literature concerning issues of nationality and racial segregation in colonial society. The Belgian nationality of the black inhabitants of the Congo region is depicted as mere rhetoric, since it did not protect them from racial segregation and severe discrimination. The minor importance of national boundaries in colonial society and the domination of social reality by a hegemonic racial idiom were reflected in an insufficient and inaccurate nationality law. Colonial law and regulations moreover, were built around racial categories the mutual boundaries of which were not clearly defined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Maxwell, David. "FREED SLAVES, MISSIONARIES, AND RESPECTABILITY: THE EXPANSION OF THE CHRISTIAN FRONTIER FROM ANGOLA TO BELGIAN CONGO." Journal of African History 54, no. 1 (March 2013): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000030.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article extends the history of freed slaves from the well-studied areas of West Africa to the frontier between Angola and Belgian Congo. Originally enslaved by Ovimbundu traders in what became south-eastern Belgian Congo, these enslaved people became Christians through contact with Euro-American missions while labouring in Angola. Following the abolition of slavery in the Portuguese Empire in the 1910s, they returned to their home areas as Christian evangelists. In Belgian Congo, they helped to spread Christianity but clashed with missionaries over authority and respectability. Some struggled with the trauma of enslavement while others sought alternative routes to status and authority through participating in Independent Christian movements or assuming positions of traditional leadership.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Fernández Soriano, Víctor. "‘Travail et progrès’: Obligatory ‘Educational’ Labour in the Belgian Congo, 1933–60." Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 2 (July 13, 2017): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417697807.

Full text

Abstract:

The authorities of the Belgian Congo imposed a series of compulsory workloads to the local communities under the argument that these tasks contributed to the ‘education' of the native populations, which they called ‘Travaux d'ordre éducatif' (TOE). Such workloads represented the main legal form of forced labour which existed in the Belgian Congo from their creation in 1933 until independence in 1960. Unlike what happened in most colonial empires, these workloads were not abolished after the Second World War. This article shows, through the case study of the province of Equateur, how these workloads were conceived and organized by the Belgian colonial administration. It seeks an answer to the question of why this form of forced labour remained legal in Congo until its independence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hincks, W. D. "THE PASSALIDAE OF THE BELGIAN CONGO." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 81, no. 1 (April 24, 2009): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1933.tb00398.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Beke, Dirk. "Jef van Bilsen, de Onafhankelijkheid van Congo en de Visie op Lumumba." Afrika Focus 16, no. 1-2 (February 11, 2000): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0160102003.

Full text

Abstract:

Jef van Bilsen, The Independence of the Congo and his view of Lumumba This article gives an overview of the involvement of Professor Jef Van Bilsen in Belgian politics before and during the Second World War and during the decolonisation of the Belgian Congo. It is based mainly on the statements and writings of Van Bilsen himself and on interviews with him. These personal testimonies are complemented with brief comments from others on Van Bilsen. Van Bilsen’s political career reveals a unique and interesting evolution. Before the Second World War, he became active in the Flemish emancipation struggle. As a student and young lawyer, he was a leading member of the elitist right wing movement, Verdinaso, which strove for the unification of Belgium and the Netherlands. During the war, he joined, together with a group of Verdinaso members, the royalist armed resistance against the German occupation. Immediately after the war, his commitment and his personal contacts allowed him to become a journalist in Central Africa, where he was brought face to face with the narrow-minded Belgian colonial policy and where he forged contacts with the first Congolese nationalists. In the early fifties, Van Bilsen returned to Belgium, where he became a professor in colonial and development matters and started advocating the planning of an independence process for the Belgian colonies in a political and academic environment that was very hostile to any idea of decolonisation. When the Belgian government in I960, under internal and international pressure, was obliged to grant independence, we see Van Bilsen offering his services as an adviser to the Congolese nationalists. During the independence talks and immediately after independence, the first President, Kasavubu, recruited him as a personal adviser. Van Bilsen declared in later interviews that he tried to act as a neutral adviser. During the conflict between President Kasavubu, Prime Minister Lumumba and the Katangese leader Tshombe, he strove for reconciliation between the three opponents and for a UN-sponsored political compromise He strongly condemned Belgian support for the secession of Katanga. Although Van Bilsen declared himself to be personally sympathetic to Lumumba, he was accused openly by Lumumba of defending Belgian and western interests. Finally, Van Bilsen was forced to leave the Congo but he continued to advocate an agreement between Kasavubu, Lumumba and Tshombe. In New York at the UN-sessions on the Congo-crisis, he argued forcefully for a resolute commitment to this policy on the part of the UN and that Belgium take a back seat in Congolese politics. In his later career as professor and as founder of the Belgian Overseas Co-operation Service, Van Bilsen became a determined defender of unconditional co-operation, a co-operation which was not tied to the economic and financial interests of western donors. He also continued to stress fervently the importance of the UN for the development of the Third World. The overview of Van Bilsen’s political career reveals the role that personal networks can play in contacts, even in circles whose members find themselves in opposing camps. It also shows how Van Bilsen’s confrontation with the colonial and post-colonial situation in Central Africa led him to insist on the formation of an African elite which was committed to political and social emancipation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Msambya, Joseph Apolo. "De la République Démocratique du Congo voulue indépendante À la République Démocratique du Congo qui commémore ses fêtes d’indépendance." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 69, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2024.1.05.

Full text

Abstract:

From the Democratic Republic of Congo Seeking Independence to the Democratic Republic of Congo which Commemorates Its Independence Celebrations. On June 30, 1960, the independence of the Belgian Congo, once personal possession for 23 years of the Belgian King Leopold II, was proclaimed as the “Republic of the Congo”. Emery-Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961) played a capital role in this emancipation which resulted in the consecration of Joseph Kasavubu as first President of the Republic of Congo and himself, Emery Patrice Lumumba, as Prime Minister. Congo has proclaimed its independence, but the new country remains plagued by violence and infighting. Belgian troops and peacekeepers from the United Nations intervene in the territory as a standoff begins between Kasavubu and Lumumba. On September 14, 1960, Colonel Joseph Désiré Mobutu led a first coup d’état which was followed by the arrest and assassination of Lumumba. The following years would be punctuated by rebellions and fighting interspersed with ceasefires in protest against the dictatorship established by the Mobutu regime after its second coup d’état, five years later, during a new political crisis. After thirty-two years of unchallenged reign, Mobutu was ousted from power by Mzee Laurent Désiré Kabila in May 1997 and since then, it has been difficult to speak of the real independence of the country, which became the Democratic Republic of Congo. Keywords: formal independence, real independence, Independence Day, Zaïre, Democratic Republic of Congo, colonization, decolonization, political emancipation, sovereignty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Belgian Congo"

1

Dembour, Marie-Benedicte. "The memory of colonialism : meetings with former Colonial Officers of the Belgian Congo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358491.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Loffman, Reuben Alexander. "Christianity, colonialism, and custom from the Congo Free State to the Belgian Congo : a history of Kongolo, Katanga, 1885-1960." Thesis, Keele University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716365.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis explores the history of Kongolo, a territory in northern Katanga. It borrows from a method used particularly in Zimbabwean and Kenyan studies, namely the local study. Combining life histories with a range of archival sources, the dissertation offers a situated history of the local state in Congo. Specifically, it examines how Belgian colonialisms were received by African communities from the inception of the Congo Free State (CFS) in 1885 until the end of the Belgian Congo in 1960. It analyses the encounter of big business, missions and the state with local religious and political institutions, deconstructing many of the gross assertions made about Belgian imperialism in the wider literature. In particular, the dissertation dispels the pervasive illusion of the almighty Bula Matari state. Bula Matari is a Kikongo phrase meaning ‘breaker of rocks’ and was first used by Africans to describe the activities of the explorer Henry Stanley in 1879. Henceforth, Belgian administrators appropriated the label to project the idea that their rule was both powerful and consistent over space and time. The misconception of the Bula Matari state was later used by political scientists to explain why the withdrawal of formal colonialism from the Congo was such a tumultuous affair. It has been argued that the turmoil that swept through the Congo after 1960 was caused by the shock of total colonialism’ being replaced by ‘total independence.’ But this thesis suggests there was never any such thing as total colonialism in the Belgian Congo. Instead, different African social categories and communities had different relationships with the European administration and, in the early 1960s, some fought to preserve their gains while others battled to end the last vestiges of colonialism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Dunkerley, Marie Elizabeth. "Education policy and the development of the colonial state in the Belgian Congo, 1916-1939." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/88113.

Full text

Abstract:

Taking the transformative potential of education as its starting point, this thesis analyses Belgian attempts to use schools policy to strengthen the hegemony of the colonial state in the Congo during the interwar years. Through an empirical treatment of the development of the colonial school system, based largely on archival research, the study pursues two main contentions. The first is that the Belgian colonial authorities played a far more direct role in formulating and implementing education policy than is often believed. The second is that the state authorities’ interest in education was defined both by the economic imperative of colonial exploitation, which compelled them to train skilled workers, and the fear that access to education would fuel potential sedition. Six thematic chapters demonstrate that this paradox of necessity and fear shaped Belgian education policy in the Congo, looking at the reasons behind the fear of potential unrest, and at its ramifications. This thesis argues that these pressures caused the Belgian colonial authorities to try to mould Congolese society using education as a tool, by using specific streams of instruction to inculcate certain groups of Congolese, such as auxiliaries, healthcare workers, and women, with the principles of colonial rule. The thesis also considers how these policies were put into practice, focusing on relations between the colonial authorities and the Catholic and Protestant mission societies, and evaluates their efficacy. Moreover, this thesis attempts to establish, where possible, the reactions of colonized Congolese to European educational provision. Having analysed these issues, this thesis concludes that the colonial education system in the Congo during the interwar years failed to fulfil its main purpose and perpetuate Belgian colonial rule.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wigley, Andrew Paul. "Marketing Cold War tourism in the Belgian Congo : a study in colonial propaganda 1945-1960." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95925.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the nascent colonial tourist sector of the Belgian Congo from 1945 until independence in 1960. Empire in Africa was the last remaining vestige of might for the depleted European imperial powers following the Second World War. That might, however, was largely illusory, especially for Belgium, which had been both defeated and occupied by Germany. Post-war Belgium placed much value on its colonial role in the Belgian Congo, promoting and marketing its imperial mission to domestic and international audiences alike. Such efforts allowed Belgium to justify a system that was under fire from the new superpowers of the United States of America (USA) and the Soviet Union. This thesis makes the case that the Belgian authorities recognised the opportunity to harness the ‘new’ economic activity of tourism to help deliver pro-colonial propaganda, particularly to the USA which had a growing affluent class and where successive administrations were keen to encourage overseas travel. In building a tourism sector post the Second World War, efforts in diversifying the economy were secondary to the objective of using the marketing of tourism to actively position and promote Belgium’s long-term involvement in the Congo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

bivens, dana. "African Sleeping Sickness in British Uganda and Belgian Congo, 1900-1910: Ecology, Colonialism, and Tropical Medicine." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3723.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis deconstructs the social, ecological, and colonial elements of the 1900-1910 Human African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness) epidemic which affected British Uganda and Belgian Congo. This paper investigates the epidemic’s medical history, and the subsequent social control policies which sought to govern the actions of the indigenous population. In addition, this paper argues that the failure to understand and respect the region’s ecological conditions and local knowledge led to disease outbreaks in epidemic proportions. Retroactive policies sought to inflict western medical practices on a non-western population, which resulted in conflict and unrest in the region. In the Belgian Congo, colonial authorities created a police state in which violence and stringent control measures were used to manage the local population. In Uganda, forced depopulation in infected regions destabilized local economies. This thesis compares and contrasts the methods used in these regions, and investigates the effects of Germ Theory on Sleeping Sickness policy and social perceptions during the colonial period in Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Begley, Larissa R. "'Resolved to fight the ideology of genocide and all of its manifestations' : the Rwandan Patriotic Front, violence and ethnic marginalisation in post-genocide Rwanda and Eastern Congo." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7431/.

Full text

Abstract:

Using ethnographic data and James Scott's (1990) concepts of public and hidden transcripts, this thesis examines fow the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) government's public transcript has been institutionalised through the use of 'genocide ideology' laws. It is concerned with understanding how the RPF's use of ‘genocide ideology' is a mechanism to facilitate a continuum of violence, which I argue has led to ‘ethnic' marginalisation. ‘Genocide ideology' is a legally abstract term that refers to discourses that contest – consciously or unconsciously - the government narrative regarding the 1994 genocide. As focusing strictly om the public transcript does not tell the whole storry about power relations between the RPF government and Hutu, it also explores hidden transcript. This is necessary as the Rwandan government employs the category of ‘genocide ideology' to silence dissent and to justify arbitrary arrest. For example, since taking power, the RPF government has strived to eliminate the Hutu/Tutsi identities, replacing the divisive identities with ‘Rwandan.' Those who use Hutu/Tutsi identities outside the context of the genocide are considered génocidaire sympathisers and legally guilty of ‘genocide ideology'. I argue that within the public RPF transcript on the genocide, the victim/perpetrator dichotomy has become intertwined with Tutsi/Hutu identities, creating a hierarchy of victimhood. I concluded by arguing that the violence, fear and marginalisation experienced by participants through the government's use of the public transcript in conjunction with ‘genocide ideology' laws is causing resentment, which could lead to further conflict.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gyesie, Nana. "The role of church missions in the systematic development of political life in the Belgian Congo from 1885-1960." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/650994679/viewonline.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Achberger, Jessica. "A Legacy of Instability: Western Influences on the Democratic Republic of Congo." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1155.

Full text

Abstract:

This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
History

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Tambascia, Christiano Key 1976. "Estrutura e sentido no africanismo de Mary Douglas = a etnografia no Congo Belga e o campo acadêmico britanico." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280697.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tambascia_ChristianoKey_D.pdf: 58551011 bytes, checksum: f2f810ee0c423fae40f9579fab081eb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Mary Douglas realizou sua pesquisa de campo na região do Kasai, no Congo Belga, no final da década de 1940 e começo da década de 1950. Nos anos seguintes, dedicou-se à teoria africanista e logrou inserir-se na academia britânica de meados do século passado. A antropóloga já indicava, neste período, algumas das questões que desenvolveria posteriormente, a partir da publicação de seu livro mais conhecido, Pureza e Perigo, de 1966. Se a teoria produzida depois de sua fase africanista fez com que Douglas se tornasse célebre mesmo fora dos círculos antropológicos britânicos, pouco foi estudado acerca da maneira como a antropóloga utilizou seus dados etnográficos na constituição de suas formulações sobre a relação entre os rituais simbólicos de pertencimento e exclusão, e a constituição das relações sociais. Um estudo das regras e dos constrangimentos do campo africanista, bem como das redes de sociabilidade de seus grupos hegemônicos, permite que se possa articular a experiência de Mary Douglas em suas interlocuções teóricas, com a trajetória de sua carreira antropológica. As continuidades de sua obra, entre seu trabalho etnográfico e suas preocupações desenvolvidas a partir de Pureza e Perigo, bem como as escolhas e os caminhos percorridos, possibilitam analisar, sob uma outra luz, a construção de seus argumentos.
Abstract: Mary Douglas conducted her fieldwork research in the Kasai region, in the Belgian Congo, at the end of the 1940's and the beginning of the 1950's. In the following years, she devoted her work to africanist theory and managed to be a part of the British academic field of that period. Then, the anthropologist had already approached some of the matters she would later develop, with the publication of her most known book, Purity and Danger, of 1966. If the theory constructed after her africanist period made Douglas renowned even outside the British anthropological circles, very little was studied about the way the anthropologist made use of her ethnographic data in the construction of her analysis on the relationship between the symbolic rituals of belonging and exclusion, and the constitution of social relations. A study of the rules and constraints of the africanist field, as well as of the sociability networks of its hegemonic groups, allows the articulation of Mary Douglas's experience in her theoretic dialogues, with the trajectory of her anthropological career. The continuities of her work, between her ethnographic research and the concerns she developed after Purity and Danger, as well as the choices made and the paths traveled, allow to cast a different light upon the construction of her arguments.
Doutorado
Antropologia Social
Doutor em Antropologia Social

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Balabala, Nembenze Désiré. "Encadrement juridique de l'éducation au Congo-Kinsaha (1885-1986) : de l'initiative des missionnaires à la prise en charge par l'État." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS306.

Full text

Abstract:

Si l’instruction scolaire semble un acquis de la plupart des sociétés contemporaines, elle n’en demeure pas moins le fruit d’une très lente évolution comme ce fut le cas dans l’actuelle République démocratique du Congo pendant un siècle. Lors de la période coloniale – de la création de l’Etat du Congo en 1885 par la conférence de Berlin jusqu’à l’indépendance obtenue en 1960 – la fonction de l’enseignement a été confiée par le pouvoir essentiellement aux missions catholiques belges avec la vision utilitariste de former des auxiliaires de l’administration et des ouvriers aux fins d’exploitation de la colonie. Sur le plan juridique, cet objectif apparaît de façon sous-jacente dans le concordat de 1906, la réglementation des études de 1924 et la réforme scolaire de 1948. Malgré l’élan réformateur impulsé par le parti socio-libéral belge après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’école coloniale a peiné à promouvoir une élite locale avec cette conséquence que le chaos sanglant des cinq premières années de l’indépendance est à attribuer en grande partie à l’impréparation des Congolais à assumer de hautes responsabilités politiques. Le modèle social hérité du passé colonial étant considéré comme aliénant, le Président Mobutu a étatisé les écoles en décembre 1974 en opposition à la hiérarchie catholique, déclenchant ainsi une grave crise qui fut apaisée par la signature d’un accord en 1977 permettant la rétrocession des réseaux scolaires à leurs anciens administrateurs. Puis, une loi portant régime général applicable à l’enseignement national a été promulguée le 22 septembre 1986, marquée par le souci d’une austérité budgétaire nécessitée par la politique économique désastreuse de zaïrianisation du Maréchal-Président
If schooling for all is taken for granted in most contemporary societies, it remains nevertheless the result of a slow process of development. Such was the case in the present Democratic Republic of Congo where it evolved over a century. During the colonial period – from the creation of the Congo as a state by the Berlin Conference of 1885 up to its independence proclaimed in 1960 – education, average length 2 years, was entrusted by the government above all to the Belgian Catholic Missions, with the utilitarian objective in mind of forming government employees and workers able to exploit the colony Generally speaking, this objective appears to underlie the Concordat of 1906, the School Regulations of 1924 and the School Reform of 1948. In spite of the impetus to reform given by the Belgian Social Liberal Party after World War II, colonial schools had great difficulty forming an elite in the local population. The consequence was bloody chaos during the first five years of independence. This is to be attributed to the lack of sufficient preparation given to the Congolese people for them to be able to assume political positions of great responsibility. As the model of society inherited from the colonial past became considered an alienation, Maréchal-President Mobutu nationalized the schools in December 1974 in opposition to the Catholic hierarchy. This caused a period of serious unrest finally settled by the signing of an agreement in 1977 granting the handing back of school systems to their former administrators. Then, on 22 September, 1986, an outline-law applying to the national school system was promulgated marked by the need for budgetary austerity brought about by President Mobutu’s disastrous economic politics, his zaïranisation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Belgian Congo"

1

Barbier, Colette. Congo dokters. Gent: Uitgeverij Snoeck, 2013.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Musée royale de l'Armée et d'histoire militaire. and Cercle royal des anciens officiers des campagnes d'Afrique., eds. Léopold II et la Force publique au Congo =: Leopold II en de Openbare Weermacht in Kongo. [Bruxelles: Cercle royal des anciens officiers des campagnes dʼAfrique, 1985.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Depelchin, Jacques. From the Congo Free State to Zaire: How Belgium privatized the economy : a history of Belgian stock companies in Congo-Zaïre from 1885 to 1974. Oxford: Codesria Book Series, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sumah, Awo Yayra. Kintwadi kia Bangunza: Simon Kimbangu in Belgian Congo. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Mantuba-Ngoma, Pamphile Mabiala. Les soldats de Bula Matari (1885-1960): Histoire sociale de la Force Publique du Congo Belge. Kinshasa, République démocratique du Congo: Editions Culturelles Africaines, 2019.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Piniau, Bernard. Congo-Zaïre, 1874-1981: La perception du lointain. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Heureux, Paul. Souvenirs du Congo: Récits. Paris, France: Harmattan, 2005.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Heureux, Paul. Souvenirs du Congo: Récits. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jacqueline, Guisset, and Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale., eds. Le Congo et l'art belge, 1880-1960. Tournai, Belgique: Renaissance du livre, 2003.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hunt, Nancy Rose. Negotiated colonialism: Domesticity, hygiene and birth work in the Belgian Congo. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Belgian Congo"

1

O’Ballance, Edgar. "The Belgian Congo." In The Congo-Zaire Experience, 1960–98, 1–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230286481_1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Woolf, Leonard, and Peter Cain. "The Belgian Congo." In Empire and Commerce in Africa, 303–13. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101246-13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mantels, Ruben. "25. Science. Belgian Colonialism’s Accomplice?" In Colonial Congo, 291–300. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137761.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bertrand, Jane T. "The Belgian Congo (1908–60)." In Fifty Years of Family Planning in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 15–39. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032718897-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Langhendries, Maarten, and Reinout Vander Hulst. "22. Health Care. The Jewel in Belgian Colonization’s Crown?" In Colonial Congo, 263–70. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137758.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Stanard, Matthew G. "24. Colonial Propaganda. The Awakening of a Belgian Colonial Consciousness?" In Colonial Congo, 280–90. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137760.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gondola, Didier. "16. Resistance in the Belgian Congo. The Many Paths of Disobedience." In Colonial Congo, 194–204. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137751.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Van Beurden, Sarah. "26. Did the Belgian Colonizer Create, Destroy or Steal Congolese Art?" In Colonial Congo, 301–10. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137762.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Goddeeris, Idesbald, Amandine Lauro, and Guy Vanthemsche. "28. The Colonial Past through a Belgian Lens. From White Nostalgia to Decolonial Debate." In Colonial Congo, 323–33. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137764.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mutamba Makombo, Jean-Marie K. "17. Did the Belgian Colonizer Introduce Racism and an Ethnic Identity into the Congo?" In Colonial Congo, 205–14. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stmch-eb.5.137752.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Belgian Congo"

1

Schittecatte, G., U. Pellechia, M. Meudec, and V. Vanlerberghe. "“We tell them to sit, listen to information, and take their medicine”: perceptions, practices, and potential for community engagement within MSF." In MSF Scientific Days International 2022. NYC: MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/w55h-9b93.

Full text

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION Community engagement (CE) rose to prominence with the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, and remains a concept lauded by global health actors, including MSF. CE is often described as being linked with accountability, ownership, and sustainability of health programmes. It is also linked with social determinants of health through its empowering principles. Despite the recognition of its importance, challenges remain in incorporating CE into programmes. METHODS We used a qualitative, case-based approach to explore how community engagement is defined, perceived, and evaluated in MSF contexts. Our aim was to identify challenges and opportunities in truly integrating communities into humanitarian health interventions. Three projects were purposively selected, in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lebanon, and Venezuela, aiming to represent a variety of health programmes, as well as societal diversity. Document review and 55 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants represented different institutional levels and positions, as well as national and international staff. Interviews were transcribed and coded iteratively, as were the operational and technical documents, institutional policies, and reports included in the document reviews. The themes that emerged in the iterative coding were then analysed. ETHICS This study was approved by the MSF Ethics Review Board, and by the Institutional Review Board at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. RESULTS We found disparity between MSF institutional policy, operational documents, and incorporation of CE at programme level. While there is policy acceptance of CE as essential, interviews show that MSF barely engages with communities in a participatory process. There is little prioritisation of CE, and lack of guidance on the processes needed to involve communities in decision making. Our results also show that despite shared claims of the importance of CE, definitions, objectives, and evaluation all vary significantly. Tensions emerge between seeing communities as active participants or as passive beneficiaries. Additional tensions appeared around whether CE was perceived as an approach for promotion of quality of care and accountability of operations, or purely as an activity to reach the organisation’s goals. Finally, while field projects may establish links with communities, MSF remains the sole decision-maker on the overall medical-humanitarian strategy. Interviewees questioned the capability of MSF to work within this community engagement approach, due to inherent power asymmetries and the predominant use of western-centred biomedical approaches. Inequalities and misconceptions between international and national staff created an additional barrier to bridging with local communities. CONCLUSION If MSF is interested in improving its approach to CE, there should be a concerted effort to change the way communities are viewed with respect to the organisation‘s interventions. While a single model of CE is not possible, MSF needs to set up training on CE approaches and develop frameworks and clear objectives for CE, through dedicated resources at headquarters and field levels. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!