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Journal articles on the topic 'Belgian Drawing'
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1
Kuijken, Sam. "Onbeschaafd en gevaarlijk : Euro-Oriëntalisme in het Belgische Ruslandbeeld tussen 1848 en 1861." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 133, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2020.1.003.kuij.
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Abstract Uncivilized and dangerous. Euro-Orientalism in the Belgian image of Russia between 1848 and 1861Tracing the history of Euro-Orientalism remains somewhat problematic. Not in the least because Larry Wolff’s Inventing Eastern Europe from 1994, the supposed basic book on the subject, remains widely criticized because of its chronology and interpretations. In addition, research has been dominated by the perspective of the European Great Powers and the eighteenth century. This article attempts to break with this tendency by analyzing the Belgian image of Russia between 1848 and 1861. The main goal is to ascertain how Euro-Orientalism was present in the Belgian Russia-image between 1848 and 1861. Drawing on a vast number of sources including travelogues, newspapers and parliamentary proceedings, it is argued that the Belgian Russia-image did indeed show clear signs of Euro-Orientalism. Russia was portrayed as being temporally, spatially and geopolitically different from the European and Belgian ‘Self’.
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Simoens, Steven, Dirk Van den Steen, Veerle Vanleene, Luc De Maré, Ingrid Moldenaers, Hans Debruyne, and Dirk Ramaekers. "Drawing on international experience to reform the Belgian market for ostomy appliances." Health Policy 80, no. 2 (February 2007): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.03.017.
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De Meyer, Fien. "Late Termination of Pregnancy in Belgium: Exploring Its Legality and Scope." European Journal of Health Law 27, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12271451.
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Abstract Termination of pregnancy when the foetus is considered viable remains a legal and ethical challenge for lawmakers and society. In Belgium, the lawfulness of late termination of pregnancy is contested by legal scholars up until today. Through statutory interpretation, this analysis demonstrates that this controversy is unwarranted and that termination of pregnancy for particularly severe and incurable foetal abnormality or for serious threats to the health of the pregnant person is also permitted after foetal viability. Nonetheless, by using open terms the Belgian Act on the Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy creates considerable legal uncertainty. Drawing on a comparison with the regulatory frameworks of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, this article underlines the need for increased multidisciplinary debate, medical guidance, and scientific research on late termination of pregnancy in Belgium.
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Bragard, Véronique, and Alicia Lambert. "(Un)drawing Belgium’s colonial monuments: Comics’ engagement with decolonial debates." Memory Studies 14, no. 6 (December 2021): 1185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211054292.
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As a response to the debates around colonial statues and glorifying forms of memorialization, comics provide one with plurivocal possibilities to decolonize monuments and epistemologies. This article analyzes a number of recent comics/panels (Charles & Bihel, Stassen, Kannemeyer, Baruti, Lambé, a.o.) that de-center perspectives so as to visibilize the violence of the Belgian colonial system that public monuments invisibilize. This analysis focuses on the medium-specific features that depetrify (in)famous statues, draw back to iconic figures like the Leopard-Man, and redraw iconic sites with multilayered temporalities and geographies to enable viewers to move away from one-sided perspectives and consider present forms of discriminations as legacies of colonialism.
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Насонов, Сергей, and Syergyey Nasonov. "THE EUROPEAN PROCEDURAL MODELS IN JURY TRIALS: JURY TRIAL IN BELGIUM (COMPARATIVE LEGAL RESEARCH)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21259.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the procedural rules in the jury administered in Belgium in compliance with the Rules adopted in 1878 (with amendments of 2016) as a type of a European model procedure. These features are considered in the comparative legal aspect, in comparison with the same procedure that of the Russian CCP. The article notes that the requirements for candidates for jurors, enshrined in the Code of Criminal Procedure of Belgium, in general, are similar to the Russian requirements. The procedure of drawing up lists of candidates for jury service in Belgium has significant similarities with the Russian, as there is the absence of open (transparent) procedures, which is compensated by the publication of the lists. Features of the Belgian procedure of selecting the jury manifested in the establishment of the rule of gender proportions of the panel, which is not typical for the Russian legislation and practice. The proceeding in the jury trial in Belgium is an example of the continental type of this form of proceeding and its significant differences from the same procedure, enshrined in the Russian CCP are based on this factor. The presiding judge has broad discretion in the field of proving, as all questions set by the parties for interrogated persons are asked through him. The features of the judicial enquiry in jury in Belgium are: the presentation of an indictment and defense objections to the jury, the prohibition to the parties to put questions to the defendant, an extensive research of the personal information of the defendant before the jury. The article notes the specifics of the stages of putting the questions to jury, of charging the jury (the presiding judge don’t address the facts of the case), of the jury deliberations, as jury is obliged to motivate the verdict. The article suggests the possibility of the borrowing of the certain elements of the Belgian model of proceeding into a jury trial of the Russian legislation.
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Onyeze-Joe, Chiemeka, Sarah O’Neill, and Isabelle Godin. "Redefining Fatherhood in a Migratory Context: A Narrative Inquiry into the Experiences of African First-time Fathers in Belgium." American Journal of Men's Health 16, no. 5 (September 2022): 155798832211103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221110355.
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Many African fathers face practices in their host countries that conflict with the conceptions of fatherhood in their countries of origin. They deal with negative stereotypes, including notions of paternal irresponsibility when it comes to embracing child care. This article looks at how exposure to the Belgian norms of fatherhood may redefine the fatherhood practices of African first-time fathers residing in Belgium. Drawing on a qualitative narrative approach, this article explores the perceptions and experiences of African migrant fathers in Belgium and examines how they adapt to a different fathering culture. The findings show that while African first-time fathers acknowledged their primary role as providers, they also embraced new practices that transgress defined gender lines in African culture. In the absence of a larger family support network, respondents face the responsibility of providing prenatal and postnatal support and sharing in child care responsibilities. Findings also shed light on how African fathers with European partners engage in shared decision-making and negotiate on core African values such as male circumcision.
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PETRARU, Ana-Magdalena. "Maeterlinck’s Poetic Symbolism in Trei piese triste (Three Sad Plays)." Theatrical Colloquia 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35218/tco.2022.12.2.07.
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This article proposes an analysis of a staging from Maeterlinck (Trei piese triste/ Three Sad Plays) based on some poems of the author (from Fifteen Songs – Three Little Maids They Did to Death, Maidens with Bounden Eyes, There Were Three Sisters Fain to Die). Drawing on theatre studies and biographical criticism, poetics (of water and dreams) and theories of the soul, our aim is to account for the main themes of the symbolist current as envisaged by the Belgian author.
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Sohn, Il Seon, Dong Ho Bae, Won Seok Jung, and Won Wook Jung. "Fatigue Design Criterion of LCV Leaf Spring Based on Road Load Response Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.322.
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Suspension system of light commercial vehicle (LCV) has enough endurance to protect passenger and freight. Leaf spring is major part of LCV suspension system. Thus, fatigue strength evaluation of leaf spring based on road load response was carried out. At first, the strain of leaf spring was measured on the city mode driving condition and proving ground driving condition. And , the damage analysis of road load response was carried out. After that, fatigue test of leaf spring was also carried out. Based on ε-N life relation, fatigue life of leaf spring was evaluated at Belgian mode, city mode and drawing test specification called the 3 steps test mode. Next, it is compared the design life of leaf spring and evaluated fatigue life by the 3steps test mode. From the above, new target of Belgian mode and city mode was proposed to gratify design specification of leaf spring. It is expect that the proposed target can be satisfied leaf spring fatigue endurance at specific road condition.
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Dehanne, Fabian, Maximilien Gourdin, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Benoit Bihin, Philippe Van Wilder, Bertrand Mareschal, Pol Leclercq, and Magali Pirson. "Cost–DALY comparison of hip replacement care in 12 Belgian hospitals." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 3 (September 2021): e001263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001263.
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BackgroundIn view of the expected increase in expenditure on hip replacement treatment in Belgium, the complication rate and potential waste reduction, as estimated by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, we are not yet in a position to assess the efficiency of hip replacement treatment in Belgian hospitals. This objective study uses a cost–disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) ratio to propose a comparison of hip replacement surgery among 12 Belgian hospitals.MethodsOur study seeks to innovate by proposing an interhospital comparison that simultaneously integrates the weighting of quality indicators and the costs of managing a patient. To this end, we associated a DALY impact with each patient safety indicator, readmission and mortality outcome. We then compared hospitals using both costs and DALYs adjusted to their case mix index. The adjusted values (costs and DALYs) were obtained by relating the observed value to the predicted value obtained from the linear regression model.ResultsWe registered a total of 246.5 DALYs for the 12 hospital institutions, the average cost (SD) of a stay being €8013 (€4304). Our model allowed us to identify hospitals with observed values higher than those predicted. Out of the 12 hospitals evaluated, 4 need to reduce costs and DALYs impacts, 6 have to improve one of the two factors and 2 appear to have good results. The costs for the worst performing hospitals can rise to over €150 000.ConclusionEvaluating the rates of patient safety indicators, associated with cost, is a prerequisite for quality and cost improvement efforts on the part of managers and practitioners. However, it appears essential to evaluate the entire care chain using a comparable unit of measurement. The hospital’s case mix index must also be considered in benchmarking to avoid drawing the wrong conclusions. In addition, other indicators, such as the patient’s perception of the actual results, should be added to our study.
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Reyntjens, Filip. "Recent Developments in the Public Law of Francophone African States." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (1986): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006501.
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The origin of the initial African constitutions is easy to establish. While the former British territories “received” their Westminster-type constitutions negotiated during the Lancaster House conferences, the former French territories, except Guinea, became independent under constitutions drawing heavily upon the constitution of the Fifth French Republic, of which they were virtual copies. Among the countries formerly under Belgian rule, the Congo (Zaïre) was the only one attaining independence with a constitution, theLoi fondamentaleof 1960 which was an Act of the Belgian Parliament.Therefore, initially the degree of homogeneity was fairly large; there were basically three types of constitutions and the deviation from these models was limited. Admittedly subject to adaptations all the Westminster constitutions were similar, and in fact to some extent they still are; thus in its essential features the 1980 constitution of Zimbabwe draws from the same stock as its predecessors of the early 1960s. The first constitutions of the former French territories were, likewise, very similar, inspired as they were by the French constitution of 1958. TheLoi fondamentaleof the Congo was strongly influenced by the Belgian constitution, and so was the autochthonous constitution of Burundi which was promulgated a few months after independence in 1962.Many constitutions have since succeeded these initial texts: between 1960 and 1985 there have been 43 constitutions in the 18 French-speaking countries under consideration, i.e. an average of 2·4 constitutions per country. This flow has led to a considerable diversification of constitutional types.
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GREHAN, HELENA. "Aalst: Acts of Evil, Ambivalence and Responsibility." Theatre Research International 35, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883309990332.
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Based largely on transcripts and documentary footage of the trial, the play Aalst recounts the brutal killing of two children by their parents in the Belgian town of Aalst in 1999. This article explores the ways in which this performance engages spectators as witnesses in a play of seduction and estrangement during which the concepts of ethical responsibility and judgment are destabilized and radically challenged. Drawing on the work of Hannah Arendt, Zygmunt Bauman, Arne Johan Vetlesen and Emmanuel Levinas a case is made for the importance of ambivalence as a productive mode of reading and responding to Aalst.
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Hughes, James J. "Self-Absorption in the Digital Era: A Review of "Self-Improvement." Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 33, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v33i1.128.
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Mark Coeckelbergh is a Belgian philosopher who specializes in the philosophy of technology. His work primarily explores the intersection of technology and society, specifically the philosophical implications of emerging technologies such as AI and robotics. He has written on whether machines can be moral agents and how ethical frameworks should be applied to autonomous machines. He has a broad philosophical perspective drawing on classical sources, Eastern philosophy, Marxism, Foucault, phenomenology, and the postmodernists. In this short text, he brings his remarkable insights and erudition to bear on our attempts at self-improvement in the age of AI.
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Derzelle, Edène, David Strivay, Antoine Defeyt, Sarah-Jane Klein, Francisca Vandepitte, and Catherine Defeyt. "Paul Delvaux: The Study of Nine Paintings by Non-Invasive Methods." Heritage 6, no. 11 (November 17, 2023): 7181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6110376.
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Paul Delvaux (1897–1994) was a Belgian Surrealist painter known for his dreamlike and enigmatic compositions. His works often featured nude or semi-nude women and deserted urban landscapes, evoking a sense of mystery and intrigue. Delvaux’s meticulous attention to detail and masterful use of light and shadow added depth and realism to his surrealistic style, making him one of the leading figures of the Belgian Surrealist movement. Although writings about Paul Delvaux’s work are not lacking, the literature mainly deals with the stylistic and iconographic aspects of his work. Taking an interest in painting materials and the painter’s technique allows us to understand his personality and to apprehend his work in a different way. In order to collect such information, the early painted production of Delvaux was studied in situ with imaging methods (high-resolution photography, infrared reflectography and X-ray radiography) and non-invasive analytical techniques (MA-XRF and Raman spectroscopy). The results obtained for nine oil paintings produced from 1928 to 1958 are discussed in terms of the support, the preparatory layer, the preparatory drawing, the changes in composition and reuse of paintings, the pictorial layer and the dripping phenomenon.
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Bumatay, Michelle. "Humor as a Way to Re-Image and Re-Imagine Gabon and France in La vie de Pahé and Dipoula." European Comic Art 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/eca.2012.050204.
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This article explores the strategies Gabonese cartoonist Pahé deploys to disrupt media-driven images of Africa in both his autobiographical series La vie de Pahé ['The Life of Pahé'] and the fictional series Dipoula, co-created with French cartoonist Sti. It focuses on the role of humor as a way to mock Western hegemony while exposing how sustained colonial logic informs Western representations of Africa. Using humor that thrives on misrecognition, Pahé thwarts readers' expectations and facilitates new possibilities for thinking through the relationship between Europe and Africa, while also drawing attention to the attendant relationship between Franco-Belgian bandes dessinées and other Francophone comics.
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Picard, Hélène, and Gazi Islam. "‘Free to Do What I Want’? Exploring the ambivalent effects of liberating leadership." Organization Studies 41, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 393–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618814554.
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This study examines the phenomenon of ‘liberating leadership’, an emerging trend promising self-mastery and collective unity, resonating with the literature on post-heroic leadership. We evaluate the claims of liberating leadership from a psychodynamic perspective, using a Lacanian approach. We examine how post-heroic forms of leadership reconfigure symbolic and imaginary aspects of follower identification, with ambivalent effects. Drawing empirically on the case of a Belgian banking department, we trace how a ‘liberating’ leader was able to garner intense psychological attachment among followers, accompanied by the ‘dark sides’ of personal exhaustion and breakdown, normative pressure to be overly happy, and the scapegoating of contrarian managers representing symbolic prohibition.
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Gupta, Rounak. "DRAWING IS A WAY OF FIGHTING: THE COMICS OF THE INDIGENOUS INDIA." EXPRESSIO: BSSS Journal of English Language and Literature 01, no. 01 (June 30, 2023): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jen010113.
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The tribal arts of India have traditionally held a significant cultural and historical place. Despite the unique visual languages seen in contemporary American or Franco-Belgian BD and Japanese manga, the Indian tribal art, predominantly created by tribal women for generations, is often neglected in the context of Indian comics. This study aims to examine the visual language inherent in tribal art and how it has been employed in two specific comics: Sita`s Ramayana and Bhimayana. Both comics are drawn by tribal women, Moyna Chitrakar and Durga Bai Vyam, respectively, and showcase a unique visual language in Indian comics. These styles bring to light issues related to the ‘other’, such as casteism and reservations, and challenge patriarchal narratives through an ecofeminist perspective. Being in part a distinct language in comics- these styles are not that much noticed in popular culture of the mainstream for that matter. This paper asserts how artists of these specific tribes have moulded the language of comics in a way to be able to speak for themselves while using their own methods at disposal. This paper also tries to probe whether this is just a symbolic resistance forged by the publishing houses to exploit the women artists from the Indian tribal communities as a machinery to provide for a new taste to the Urban audience. All in all, this article tries to locate the portrayal of social and political issues raised in the comics of the marginal gender, from the marginal communities.
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Knops, Louise, and Guillaume Petit. "INDIGNATION AS AFFECTIVE TRANSFORMATION: AN AFFECT-THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THE BELGIAN YELLOW VEST MOVEMENT." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-27-2-169.
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In social movement research, indignation features prominently as an affect that triggers protest and mobilization. Yet, scholarly accounts rarely unpack the precise ways in which indignation performs these roles, and how it transforms individuals who join mobilization. This article conceptualizes indignation as a moment of affective transformation, based on affect-theoretical insights and drawing on the empirical analysis of the Belgian yellow vest movement (BYV). Building on focus groups, participant observations, and interviews, we unpack the complex affectivity of indignation and the dynamics that underlie indignation in the context of protest and mobilization. We find that indignation enables three affective transformations: (1) it acts as a tipping point that follows from individual feelings of resentment; (2) it is a moment of affective resonance that binds individuals in affective communities, (3) it acts as affective bifurcation from the disempowered state of fear and towards the reclaiming of political power.
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Madigan, Edward. "‘An Irish Louvain’: memories of 1914 and the moral climate in Britain during the Irish War of Independence." Irish Historical Studies 44, no. 165 (May 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.7.
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AbstractWhen the British government declared war against Germany in August 1914, a great drive to gain popular support by presenting the conflict to the public as a morally righteous endeavour began in earnest. Stories of German violence against French and Belgian civilians, largely based in fact, were central to this process of ‘cultural mobilisation’. The German serviceman thus came to be widely regarded in Britain as inherently cruel and malevolent while his British counterpart was revered as the embodiment of honour, chivalry and courage. Yet by the autumn of 1920, less than two years after the Armistice, the conduct of members of the crown forces in Ireland was being publicly drawn into question by British commentators in a manner that would have been unthinkable during the war against Germany. Drawing on contemporary press reports, parliamentary debates and personal narrative sources, this article explores and analyses the moral climate in Britain in 1920 and 1921 and comments on the degree to which memories of atrocities committed by German servicemen during the Great War informed popular and official responses to events in Ireland.
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Beyens, Kristel, Philippe Kennes, Sonja Snacken, and Hanne Tournel. "The Craft of Doing Qualitative Research in Prisons." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i1.207.
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In this article we examine the characteristics, challenges and added value of qualitative prison research in a Belgian context. As the many dynamics and challenges of qualitative research are often underreported in academic publications, we pay particular attention to the research processes and the pains and gains of qualitative prison research. Firstly, drawing on experiences from several prison studies, we describe the different steps of gaining access to the field as a constant process of negotiation. Secondly, we discuss some of the dilemmas of prison research based on two ethnographic studies of prison staff. We end with discussion of the value added by a qualitative research approach to facilitate understanding of what is at stake in prisons and how this fits with a critical research position.
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Brajato, Nicola. "Questioning Masculinity and the Gender Binary in Fashion." Journal of Bodies, Sexualities, and Masculinities 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jbsm.2023.040107.
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Abstract This article introduces the work of Belgian designer Glenn Martens as creative director of the Paris-based brand Y/Project and its “unisex” approach to fashion. Drawing on queer theory and theories of non-binary and genderqueer identities, the proposed investigation addresses the power of fashion in rethinking bodily gender boundaries and in imagining possible escapes from the tyranny of the gender binary in fashion. To do so, I propose a qualitative multidimensional reading of the brand, in which I look at how Martens critically questions normative assumptions about masculinity and the male dressed body. The analysis takes into consideration the Y/Project e-commerce with its structure and positioning in the online retailing system, the design of garments, and the visuality of fashion shows.
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OLAIFA, T., B. SOTILOYE, and I. I. DARE. "MANAGEMENT OF ETHNO-LINGUISTIC CONFLICT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BELGIAN AND NIGERIAN MODELS." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 12, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v12i1.1856.
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The spate of violent conflict all over the world since the end of the cold war has been chiefly engineered by ethno-linguistic supremacy based on prevalent ethnic pluralism. Ethno-linguistic pluralism is a conflict issue in Nigeria and it has antecedents of major conflicts trailing its existence. Ethno-linguistic conflicts have been on the rise since the commencement of the Fourth Republic basically due to the liberalisation of the political space and this has resulted in violent conflicts claiming lives and wantonly destroying property. Most of the strategies deployed to resolve ethno-linguistic conflicts in Nigeria are often unable to diagnose accurately the nature of the conflicts and the resolve the main issues causing them. Therefore most of the conflicts become intractable. However, Nigeria is not an isolated case as some other nations around the world are either battling with ideas to resolve the numerous conflicts it has generated or have evolved home-grown mechanisms to manage the ethno-linguistic challenges it has posed. This paper seeks to highlight ethno-linguistic conflict issues in Belgium and the strategies deployed in resolving it and at the same time reflect on the Nigerian experience drawing out unique experiences, similarities and lessons to be learnt from both countries
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Van den Bogaert, Sarah, Melissa Ceuterick, and Piet Bracke. "The silver lining of greying: Ageing discourses and positioning of ageing persons in the field of social health insurance." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318800171.
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Contemporary ageing discourses and policies perceive being active as the key to a good later life and thereby focus on individual responsibility and self-care. Drawing on website articles and press releases of Belgian sickness fund agencies, this study analyses the ageing discourses and positioning of ageing persons of these organisations. A discourse analysis was performed using positioning theory to analyse how sickness fund agencies discursively construct the ageing process and position ageing persons, and to investigate how these positioning acts are related to sickness fund agencies’ roles as social insurer, social movement, social entrepreneur and private insurer. Our results reveal three storylines on ageing; ageing as a medical problem, ageing as a new stage in life and ageing as a natural life process. These storylines are applied to construct ageing and position ageing persons in different ways. Depending on their role, sickness fund agencies take on a different position drawing on these different storylines. We also show how these storylines reproduce the moral framework on how to age well and thereby disempower ageing persons. Our results underline the importance of multidimensional perspectives on ageing.
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Klein, Olivier, Laurent Licata, Nicolas Van der Linden, Aurélie Mercy, and Olivier Luminet. "A waffle-shaped model for how realistic dimensions of the Belgian conflict structure collective memories and stereotypes." Memory Studies 5, no. 1 (November 4, 2011): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424028.
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Belgium has a long-standing history of conflicts between Flemings and French speakers. We posit that the content of the collective memories associated with each group are organized around two objective dimensions: (1) linguistic policy and (2) financial and political autonomy. A model is proposed that predicts that different justice principles will be applied by each community regarding the distribution of specific resources depending upon which dimension of the conflict is salient and their group membership. Respect or violation of these principles predicts stereotype content. Collective memories can be used to justify the in-group’s justice principles and to present such stereotypes as anchored in the past. We conclude by drawing general implications of the model for the study of the role collective memories play in intergroup conflicts.
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Van den Bogaert, Sarah, Jana Declercq, Thierry Christiaens, Geert Jacobs, and Piet Bracke. "In the land of pharma: A qualitative analysis of the reputational discourse of the pharmaceutical industry." Public Relations Inquiry 7, no. 2 (May 2018): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x18774588.
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The pharmaceutical industry has been battling a negative reputation and has been confronted with accusations such as putting profits before patients and manipulating clinical trial results. In this study, we focus on how pharmaceutical companies address what we define as the Bad Pharma discourse. Drawing on interviews, press releases, corporate documentation and ethnographic fieldwork, we analyse the main themes that are used by the Belgian pharmaceutical industry to construct its reputational discourse, and we focus on how this discourse is shaped by the Bad Pharma discourse. Our results illustrate that on the one hand, the industry contests the Bad Pharma discourse by generating an alternative discourse. On the other hand, they also partly embrace and reframe this Bad Pharma discourse. This way, current societal debates are entextualised in the reputational discourses of the pharmaceutical industry.
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Schoofs, Kim, and Dorien Van De Mieroop. "Social categories, Standardized Relational Pairs and identity work in World War II-narratives." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2018-0012.
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Abstract Drawing on Membership Categorization Analysis, we aim to tease out how narrators talk into being the social group constellations in their storyworlds and how these – potentially shifting – constellations can be related to the narrator’s identity constructions. We investigate two World War II-testimonies narrated by Belgian concentration camp survivors and scrutinize whether the expected Standardized Relational Pair of victim-perpetrator – viz. the camp prisoners versus the Nazis – is in operation, how these two categories are talked into being, whether other social groups are mentioned and how all these processes affect the narrators’ identity work. It proved to be the case that, even though the victim-perpetrator Standardized Relational Pair is indeed present in both testimonies, it functions very differently in both stories, resulting in almost opposing identity work by the two narrators.
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Jacobs, Steven. "Linen Boxes and Slices: Raoul De Keyser and American Modernism in Belgium in the 1960s and 1970s." Arts 10, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10040080.
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Before his international breakthrough shortly before the turn of the century, Belgian painter Raoul De Keyser (1930–2012) had a long career that reaches back to the 1960s, when he was associated with Roger Raveel and the so-called Nieuwe Visie (New Vision in Dutch), Belgium’s variation on postwar figurative painting that also entails Anglo-Saxon Pop Art and French nouveau réalisme. Dealing with De Keyser’s works of the 1960s and 1970s, this article discusses the reception of American late-modernist art currents such as Color-Field Painting, Hard Edge, Pop Art, and Minimal Art in Belgium. Drawing on contemporaneous reflections (by, among others, poet and critic Roland Jooris) as well as on recently resurfaced materials from the artist’s personal archives, this essay focuses on the ways innovations associated with these American trends were appropriated by De Keyser, particularly in the production of his so-called Linen Boxes and Slices. Made between 1967 and 1971, Linen Boxes and Slices are paintings that evolved into three-dimensional objects, free-standing on the floor or leaning against the wall. Apart from situating these constructions in De Keyser’s oeuvre, this article interprets Linen Boxes and Slices as particular variations on Pop Art’s fascination for consumer items and on Minimalism’s interest in the spatial and material aspects of “specific objects”.
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Rossignol, Nicolas, and Michiel van Oudheusden. "Learning from Incidents and Incident Reporting." Science, Technology, & Human Values 42, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 679–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243916686168.
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This article examines how incidents are governed in a Belgian Nuclear Research Center by way of an incident reporting system (IRS) named Retour d’Experiences (REX). Drawing on a documentary analysis of incident reports, interviews, and focus groups with personnel, it illustrates how REX enacts a safety governmentality centered on identifying incident causes and culprits. As this governmentality mode obscures the epistemic and political character of incidents, it closes down important opportunities for collective learning about safety and safety governance. It is argued that joint reflection about incidents and resistances toward incident reporting serve as fruitful starting points for a more reflexive safety governance that makes explicit how decisions are made in high-risk contexts. Social scientists can enhance governance of this kind by pointing to different perceptions and evaluations of incidents and by insisting that contending interpretations are confronted and accounted for.
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Hickman, Lisa Nichols. "Bonhoeffer's Eighth Day: The Orders of Preservation and a Theology of Natural Ability." Horizons 41, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): 230–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2014.80.
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The award-winning Belgian film Le huitième jour, about a young man with Down syndrome, begins with static on a television screen. This reflects the current state of disability study: much has been accomplished through the work of Nancy Eiesland, Amos Yong, and John Swinton, but there still is static in the conversation. Dietrich Bonhoeffer rejected the theological discourse of his day regarding the orders of creation and argued instead for the orders of preservation. This turn, in the area of theology and disability, means a move away from questions about God's creating (or not) of disability, and instead moves toward the preservation of life in Christ. In so doing, Bonhoeffer takes a surprising stance as a Protestant by drawing on natural law theology and points to our high calling in life on “the eighth day.”
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ter Laan, Nina. "“Assalamu ʿAlaykum, Can We Add This Sister?”." Religion and Gender 13, no. 2 (September 5, 2023): 206–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-01302006.
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Abstract This article examines the use of a WhatsApp chat group by Dutch and Belgian Muslim women (born or converted), who are considering or made hijra (religiously inspired migration to a Muslim country) to Morocco. I argue that WhatsApp plays a crucial role in facilitating and narrating these women’s migration by providing a support network and shaping a gendered sense of community and religious belonging. Drawing on theories of religion and gender, migration, and digital media, I conceptualize WhatsApp in the context of hijra to Morocco as a social practice of homemaking that helps alleviate the precarious conditions these women find themselves in. This article also illustrates the complex entanglement of offline and online realities by highlighting how my interlocutors’ interactions in this WhatsApp group foster a trans-local Muslim ‘sisterhood,’ that informs their offline practices and experiences of hijra to Morocco.
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Dhoest, Alexander. "Digital (dis)connectivity in fraught contexts: The case of gay refugees in Belgium." European Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 5 (August 20, 2019): 784–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549419869348.
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The key role of digital and mobile media for refugees is increasingly acknowledged, but while the literature on the topic tends to celebrate the advantages of digital media, it is important to also acknowledge limitations. Thus, the focus on the creation and maintenance of connections through digital media may obscure experiences and practices of disconnection. This is certainly the case for forced migrants with non-normative sexual orientations, for whom experiences of homophobia within the family and ethno-cultural community in the country of origin may extend to fraught situations in the country of residence. As with digital media in general, it is important to consider the ‘offline’ social and cultural conditions determining online media uses. This article focuses on the specific challenges for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer refugees, both in general and in Belgium, drawing on desk research and expert interviews, as well as nine in-depth interviews with gay-identifying male refugees. While the refugees are relatively positive about the Belgian situation, they do identify a number of challenges. They use digital media to stay connected to family and other people in the country of origin, but often this connection has become difficult. Social media and dating sites also offer a way to connect to other gay men, but these connections can be equally fraught, particularly in the country of origin for danger of exposure but also in Belgium as social media transcend national boundaries. For this reason, some participants created new or parallel profiles, to keep their gay lives disconnected from their family lives. Overall, then, digital media are a tool not only of connection but also of strategic disconnection for gay refugees.
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Van Kerckem, Klaartje, Bart Van de Putte, and Peter Stevens. "On Becoming “Too Belgian”: A Comparative Study of Ethnic Conformity Pressure through the City–as–Context Approach." City & Community 12, no. 4 (December 2013): 335–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12041.
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While considerable research has shown that coethnic communities exercise pressure on their members to conform to certain normative patterns, there is little research that explains variability within coethnic groups regarding ethnic conformity pressure. Drawing on fieldwork and semistructured interviews with children and grandchildren of Turkish immigrants living in Ghent and five mining towns in Belgium, we explain differences in ethnic conformity pressure through a comparative examination of how macrostructural characteristics of cities shape community–level ethnic conformity pressure. We demonstrate that a city's migration history and social geography are related to the degree of social closure and normative consensus within an ethnic community, and that its ethnic heterogeneity and interethnic relations impact how much people depend on their coethnic community for social support. These in turn shape the internal sanctioning capacity of the community and its power to enforce normative patterns, especially of gender roles. The study shows that locality matters in the integration, assimilation, and acculturation of migrants, even disadvantaged ones who share the same national background.
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Petrović, Nikola, Filip Fila, and Marko Mrakovčić. "Yugoslavs and Europeans Compared." Politička misao 59, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20901/pm.59.2.03.
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Drawing on Sekulić, Massey and Hodson’s seminal article ‘Who were the Yugoslavs?’, this paper compares the share and determinants of identifying as Yugoslavs during socialism with the panorama of primary European identification. Eurobarometer surveys containing data on European identification are utilized to that end. The study takes in consideration social and political contexts that shaped supranational identification in particular Yugoslav socialist republics and EU member states. Our findings show low levels of Europeans and Yugoslavs in both polities. The results also show that nationally specific contexts affect both the prevalence of European identification and its determinants. There are considerable differences in the level of European identification among EU countries, and statistical analyses of the Belgian, French and German cases further showed that different factors shape it. Of all the variables, non-exclusive nationalities have been the strongest predictors of supranational identification in both Socialist Yugoslavia and the EU.
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Van Hootegem, Anahí, Hans De Witte, Nele De Cuyper, and Tinne Vander Elst. "Job Insecurity and the Willingness to Undertake Training: The Moderating Role of Perceived Employability." Journal of Career Development 46, no. 4 (March 21, 2018): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845318763893.
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This study investigates the relationship between job insecurity and the willingness to undertake training, accounting for perceived employability. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we hypothesize that job insecurity negatively relates to the willingness to participate in training to strengthen the internal and external labor market position and that perceived employability has a buffering effect on this relationship. The hypotheses were tested among 560 Belgian employees using structural equation modeling. The results did not provide support for the relationship between job insecurity and the willingness to undertake training to strengthen the position inside the organization. We did, contrary to expectations, find a significant positive relationship with the willingness to undertake training to strengthen the position outside the organization. Furthermore, the relationship between job insecurity and the willingness to undertake training to strengthen the external labor market position was weaker with increasing levels of perceived employability.
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Lefevere, Jonas, Julie Sevenans, Stefaan Walgrave, and Christophe Lesschaeve. "Issue reframing by parties: The effect of issue salience and ownership." Party Politics 25, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068817736755.
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Issue reframing occurs when parties, while addressing an issue, shift the frame toward other policy domains. The literature has found that party issue framing affects how voters think about issues, yet scholars remain largely in the dark as to when and how parties frame issues. The study at hand theorizes and investigates when and how parties reframe issues in their external communication. Drawing on novel Belgian data about parties’ official stances regarding a large number of policy issues combined with their verbal argumentation of why they took this exact position, we test a new theory about the drivers and mechanisms of issue reframing. We find that parties reframe issues in terms of policy domains that are both salient to the general public and that are salient to the party itself—meaning that it has a history of devoting attention to the policy domain and “owns” it.
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Vandezande, Niels, Griet Verhenneman, and Jos Dumortier. "Connecting for Surgery: The Belgian Use Case on the Legal Aspects of the Digital Operating Room." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (March 30, 2013): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2013.1.1191.
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Telecommunications technology is making its way into operating rooms by new developments in e-health. However, conflicts arise with existing legal principles regarding data protection. This paper deals with key elements of the interactions between data protection and evolution in e-health. The scope will be the digital operating room, where different health services and activities converge through networked technology, raising a number of privacy-related issues. For instance, the patient’s health records and tools for recording surgical procedures could be integrated within the same platform, potentially leading to sensitive personal data linkage. Also the possible duration and reason of storage of surgical recordings, is a matter that remains largely unresolved in current practice. First, this paper will analyze the data exchanges of the digital operating room. As these will include personal patient data, it must be assessed whether and how the European framework on data protection can apply. Second, the regulatory regime of the manufacturers of the devices of the digital operating room will be analyzed. Can the current legal framework relating to e-health provide for suitable regulation for such devices? Drawing from experience gained in research projects, this paper aims to provide practical answers to often theoretical questions.
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Walker, Carole Heather, and Sophie Thunus. "Meeting Boundaries: Exploring the Faces of Social Inclusion beyond Mental Health Systems." Social Inclusion 8, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i1.2193.
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This article examines social inclusion in the context of the deinstitutionalisation of mental health care. It draws on a scientific evaluation of the Belgian reform of mental health care (2010), designed to assess the influence of organisational mechanisms on the social and care trajectories of service users. The findings highlight the ongoing challenge for mental health systems to support the inclusion of service users within the community, and the increasingly difficult access to mental health care for people with complex and chronic mental health problems. Drawing from Systems Theory (Luhmann, 2013) and the analysis of subjective experiences, this article delves into the complex processes of social inclusion using the empirically-grounded concepts of the patient role and the impatient role. By acknowledging the relational dimensions of social inclusion, this article argues that complementarities between two faces of the mental health system are key to achieving inclusion beyond the walls of institutions and within society at large.
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federman, adam. "Between Plenty and Poverty Foraging in the Salento with Patience Gray." Gastronomica 11, no. 1 (2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2011.11.1.61.
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Patience Gray was one of the first food writers to celebrate the culinary and cultural significance of edible weeds and plants. In 1970 she and her husband, the Belgian sculptor Norman Mommens, settled in the far south of Italy. It was the endpoint of their Mediterranean odyssey, which had taken them to the Greek island of Naxos, Carrara, in northwestern Tuscany, Catalonia, the Veneto, and finally Puglia. Gray’s Honey from a Weed, the product of those travels, remains one of the best texts on wild foods and on edible weeds in particular. Drawing on Gray’s unpublished letters and manuscripts this essay explores the life of one of the twentieth century’s most unusual and often overlooked food writers. The contemporary uses and significance of edible weeds and plants are also discussed through foraging trips and interviews with Gray’s friends and neighbors. Though Gray warned that traditional ways of life were dying out, it is clear that foraging is still an important part of the Salentine diet.
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Steurs, Frieda, and Katarzyna Tryczynska. "European Labour Law and its Challenges in Multilingual Terminology and Translation: A Case Study." Sendebar 32 (November 5, 2021): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/sendebar.v32.16953.
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The translation of legal texts has become a very important activity in our modern, international societies. Globalization has created a great need for multilingual versions of all kinds of legal texts. However, both law itself and legal language and terminology have a special characteristic: they are system-bound. Every country or autonomous region sets up its own legal system, and this has far-reaching consequences not only for the drawing up and especially the translation of legal texts, but also for comparative law and international and European law.
In this article, we describe certain typical features of the terminology of labour law and expand on one particular term to show the problems in translation work. The multilingual character of European law, the need for translation and the specific wording of labour law texts in the individual member states lead to many translation problems and to legal insecurity for citizens. By analysing relevant terms in the transport sector, we discuss current research that compares concepts and terms in European, Polish, Dutch and Belgian labour law.
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Kemper, Irma. "How to improve the capacity of general practitioners? – a Flemish approach." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23133.
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“Barely any region left with freely accessible primary health care in Flanders.” This is one of the many newspaper headlines that was recently published to emphasize the fact that more and more general practitioners refuse to take in new patients, because they run out of capacity to provide patients with proper health care. Where does it go wrong?
Accessibilty to general practitioners is a hot topic for the Flemish policymakers. An aging population and an increase of mental health problems asks a lot from the general practitioners, as well as the shift of tasks from hospitals towards primary health care and the growing attention for prevention. However, is there a real shortage in general practitioners? Looking abroad learns that the number of general practitioners might not be the major cause of the capacity problem, but that the true bottleneck might lie in the way of organizing primary health care capacity and accessibility. Embedded in a landscape of health care where general practitioners mostly work on a self-employed base, and the fragmented governmental structure in Belgium as an extra obstacle makes this a major challenge for the near future.
A dialogue between policy makers from all Belgian governments was opened to create a common approach: each government will take actions within their own authorities. The Flemish government worked out a plan to counter this massive challenge in primary health care through different initiatives, in cooperation with representatives of the general practitioners on the field, local authorities and umbrella organizations.
Flanders commits itself by installing three major fundaments which can create change in the way general practitioners are organized: a first step is to create an accurate and up-to-date database of the current available general practitioners health care services compared with the local care need; in parallel the funding of general practitioners will be expanded in a way which stimulates interdisciplinary collaboration and optimizes health care capacity; on top of that the Flemish government is experimenting with new forms of primary care practices in which integrated care is the keystone and which are supported by local authorities and in close connection with welfare services.
These projects described above are in full development. On the working field more and more general practitioners are willing to put their shoulders under these initiatives to create solid solutions for the future.
The international audience of this lecture might recognize similar issues they encounter in their own countries and will be able to see similarities and differences compared to the Flemish context. By drawing these parallels one can have a broader view on the approach of improving health care capacity and accessibility.
These Flemish projects will be brought together with the initiatives from the other Belgian governments at a roundtable discussion to align all the initiatives on primary health care capacity and create a future proof primary health care capacity in Belgium.
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Laskina, N. O. "Timing of Loss: Reflection of the Novelistic Time in the Comic Book Adaptation of Proust." Critique and Semiotics 38, no. 1 (2020): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-1-170-185.
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The article examines the comic book adaptation of the first two volumes of “In Search of Lost Time” by Stéphane Heuet as an example of intermedial translational that reflects perfectly the conflict between “timing” and “chronotope” problematized in Yu. V. Shatin’s works. The comic book narrative, subjugated to the rules of graphic layout, when entering a dialogue with a modernist novel’s nonlinear structure finds ways to overcome its own teleology. Heuet in his comics uses a number of effects imitating the novel’s poetics: inserting the narrator’s image into the visual narrative; representing on one panel distant plot events connected only by associations; destroying unity of characters; visualising leitmotivs. Some of the artist’s solutions are more original and involve creative use of the visual art’s specific nature: literal visualisations of metaphors, complexity of the metapoetic level enhanced by including drawing of texts (from notes and posters to the narrator’s first literary attempt). These effects allow the comic book to deconstruct naïveté of the traditional “ligne claire” style of the franco-belgian “bandes dessinée”, deemed inadequate by the first critics of the adaptation, and to venture outside of limits of a simple illustration.
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Fleischmann, Fenella, Karen Phalet, and Marc Swyngedouw. "Dual Identity Under Threat." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 221, no. 4 (January 2013): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000151.
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Drawing on the literatures on dual identity and politicization, this study relates the political engagement of European-born Muslims to their dual identification as ethno-religious minorities and as citizens. Minorities’ political engagement may target mainstream society and/or ethno-religious communities. Surveying the Turkish and Moroccan Belgian second generation, our study analyzes their support for religious political assertion, participation in ethno-religious and mainstream organizations, and trust in civic institutions. Its explanatory focus is on the dual ethno-religious and civic identifications of the second generation and on perceived discrimination and perceived incompatibility as threats to their dual identity. Our findings show that participation in organizations beyond the ethno-religious community is most likely among high civic and low ethnic identifiers, and lower among dual identifiers. Rather than increasing political apathy, perceived discrimination goes along with higher levels of participation in both ethno-religious and mainstream organizations. Finally, the perception of Islamic and Western ways of life as incompatible predicts greater support for religious political assertion and lower trust in civic institutions. Implications for the role of dual identity and identity threat in the political integration of ethno-religious minorities are discussed.
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Collins, James, and Stef Slembrouck. "Reading Shop Windows in Globalized Neighborhoods: Multilingual Literacy Practices and Indexicality." Journal of Literacy Research 39, no. 3 (September 2007): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862960701613128.
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Shop and café signs in multiple languages are familiar features of polyglot immigrant neighborhoods. This paper examines such signs, presenting photographic, observational, and interview data from a multisited ethnographic study of language contact in Ghent, an urban Belgian city. Drawing upon diverse ethnographic sources, especially the comparative readings of foreign, immigrant, and native adults, we analyze signs and notices in several immigrant neighborhoods as (a) literacy practices, attending to their contexts of use as well as to their interpretations, and as (b) examples of indexical orders and orders of discourse, asking what hierarchical frames of interpretation and evaluation are brought to bear on the reading of such signs. Our findings show that shop signs and notices are complex indexes of source, addressee, and community, which are manifest in different readers' interpretations. The overall argument addresses several general points: that the study of indexicality helps conceptualize and analyze the rich and unexpectedly broad frames of interpretation readers bring to situated multilingual texts; that concepts of indexical or discursive order contribute to our understanding of multilingual literacy practices in situations of globalized locality; and that, conversely, the study of literacy practices reveals unexpected dimensions of Late Modern discursive orders.
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Van den Broucke, Stephan, Yves Dario, and Ann Clé. "Developing organizational health literacy in primary health care: a learning network of 18 Belgian projects." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23684.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives:
Introduce the Organisational Health Literacy approach to
primary care practitioners
Discuss the challenges posed by introducing OHL in primary
care
Share potential solutions for best practice in OHL in primary care
Reflect on appropriate process and outcome measures for OHL in primary care
Rationale: The move towards active patient participation and informed decision making in health care has raised the interest in health literacy. Informed decision making requires sufficient knowledge about the possibilities, consequences, benefits and risks of interventions to make decisions that align with one’s personal values and preferences. As such, health literacy, defined as a person’s knowledge, motivation and skills to obtain, understand, evaluate, and apply health information, plays a key role in making informed health decisions.
While the importance of health literacy is generally recognized by primary care practitioners, to date most efforts to address it have focused on enhancing the skills of patients to understand and apply the information given by professionals, and of professionals to adjust their communication to patients with low health literacy. Yet, as the health care systems is often complex and demanding, health care organizations can also try to reduce the demands they place on patients and families by implementing policies, practices, and systems that make it easier for people to navigate, understand, and use information and services to take care of their health. This strategy is known as Organizational Health Literacy (OHL). Critical components of OHL include (1) improving access to and navigation of health care facilities and systems; (2) encouraging patient engagement in the health care process; (3) enhancing communication with patients and families; (4) establishing a workforce with OHL-related knowledge and skills; (5) creating an organizational culture and infrastructure supportive of OHL; and (6) meeting patient needs, such as provision of interpreter services and self-management support.
Efforts to introduce OHL are increasingly implemented with success in the hospital setting and, to a lesser extent, in other health organizations such as health insurance companies, but have thus far rarely been applied in the primary care setting.
The workshop will address the challenges posed by introducing OHL in primary care, drawing on the first-hand experience with 18 OHL projects launched in 2022 in Belgium with support of the Dr. Daniël De Coninck Fund (managed by the King Baudouin Foundation) and functioning as a learning network.
Audience: Primary care practitioners and managers of primary care networks.
Workshop content:
1.A short introduction to the concept and criteria of OHL
and the 18 Belgian projects (10min)
2.Three short presentations of projects focusing on OHL in
primary care (20min)
3.Discussion in breakout groups on challenges to introducing OHL in primary care (30min):
(1)Embedding health literacy in the organizational mission,
structure and functioning
(2)Building relationships between health care professionals
and service users around HL
(3)Developing HL through language, action and experience
(4)Co-creating with service users throughout the care
journey
(5)Learning and evaluating across organizational
boundaries
4.A plenary debate (20min)
5.Conclusion and summary of the learnings (10min)
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Kalbermatten, Syra. "The ‘Assetization’ of Art on an Institutional Level—Fractional Ownership Implemented in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp." Arts 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13010016.
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This article explores the innovative collaboration between the Rubey platform and the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp. Through the tokenization of the artwork Carnaval de Binche by James Ensor, this platform made it possible for interested investors to purchase blockchain-registered Art Security Tokens within this artwork and become co-owners of it—at least from an economic perspective. Although fractional ownership platforms for art have been established before, this is the first time an art investment opportunity like this has materialized itself in an explicit partnership with a museum. The tokenized artwork will be held on public display within the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, for a period of ten years—a significant departure from the usual practice of storing such pieces in a storage vault—before it will be sold again. This article contextualizes this practice within both the ‘assetization’ of art that has increased in recent decades and the financial challenges facing Belgian—more broadly speaking, European—public museums. Based on a limited number of interviews with the stakeholders and desk research, this article subsequently explores the more practical benefits and concerns of a collaboration like this and presents an analysis of this practice drawing upon publications within the field of economic sociology. Since we find ourselves only at the beginning of this partnership, some questions will be raised for further research.
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Reheul, Anne-Mie, and Ann Jorissen. "Do management control systems in SMEs reflect CEO demographics?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 21, no. 3 (August 12, 2014): 470–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-04-2014-0059.
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Purpose – Drawing on upper echelons theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether CEOs place their distinctive marks on the design of planning, control and evaluation systems (i.e. management control systems (MCS)) in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – The authors use survey data from 189 Belgian SMEs and perform regression analyses to investigate the relation between the CEO demographics tenure, education and experience and various aspects of MCS design, controlling for the classical contingent variables. Findings – CEO tenure and education are related to evaluation system design, but there is no link between CEO demographics and planning and control system design. The lack of managerial discretion concerning planning and control systems could be explained by their more external and observable character, giving rise to pressures to comply with institutional norms (“good practices”). The presence of discretion concerning the design of evaluation systems could be due to their internal character. Practical implications – Since evaluation systems are an important determinant of work-related attitudes and can lead to dysfunctional behavior, it is important for company owners and board members to consider the demographics of present or new CEOs, and to understand the associated inclinations reflected in evaluation systems. Originality/value – The authors apply a more comprehensive approach than (the few) existing SME studies by relating a larger number of CEO demographics to a more comprehensive set of MCS elements, controlling for a larger group of contingent variables. Moreover, the authors fill gaps in the upper echelons and MCS literature.
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Kwon, Young Pa. "Eschatology as Salvation Fulfilled in History: A Study of Schillebeeckx's Understanding of History and Eschatology." Society of Theology and Thought 89 (December 31, 2023): 136–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21731/ctat.2023.89.136.
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This study undertakes a theological critique of historical interpretation and eschatological thought within the corpus of Belgian theologian Edward Schillebeeckx, whose scholarship was prominent in the Netherlands. Drawing from the insights of M. D. Chenu, Schillebeeckx embraces a historiographical stance informed by the methodologies of the Annales School, which postulates historical progression through a lens that allows for the interweaving of Divine will and human action in the pursuit of God. This vista sets the stage for history's protagonists to be perceived not only as the Divine orchestrator of salvation but also as humanity, in partnership with the Divine directive.
At the crux of this engagement is the fundamental belief in Divine self-disclosure and creativeness, which aligns humanity with the Divine will, confirming the thesis of God as the sovereign architect of history.
Schillebeeckx's historiographical methodology recognizes the intricate interaction between the vicissitudes of socio-economic frameworks and shifts in ideological paradigms, associating such seismic shifts — comparable to historical cleavages — with the ecclesiastic vocation of navigating the path to salvation. His eschatological construct, an outgrowth of this historical interpretation, contends that the ultimate realization of salvation unfolds within the historical episode wherein individuals pursue self-fulfillment, placing this pursuit at the heart of eschatological discourse. Within this paradigm, God is posited as the definitive horizon for humanity, traversing from historical antecedents through the contemporary to the eventual.
In this theological architecture, the Divine does not precipitate the eschaton by abruptly rectifying historical wrongs. Rather, the Divine presence engages with humanity in a concerted struggle against injustice, marshaling human agency toward redemptive ends throughout this journey. Schillebeeckx’s eschatological vision, characterized by its critical negation, offers a prophetic eschatology that integrates the theme of humanity's historical absence at the pivotal intersection where dogmatic theology's principal treatises meet.
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Lenaerts, Alex. "Revolution and Reforms: The Prophetic Perfect?" Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-15.
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The interview reports on the diplomatic path of Alex Lenaerts before he took up the post of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Belgium to Ukraine. Particular attention is attached to the significant changes in state agencies of Ukraine. The author places emphasis on the fact that Ukraine’s path to Europe is long and arduous, thus calling for the need to overcome significant institutional challenges, including corruption, and introduce substantial changes in the judicial system to achieve the rule of law. It is noted that the best way towards successful integration of Ukraine into the European community is implementing reforms. The author hopes the war in Donbas will soon be over. It is mentioned that Ukraine has great potential, and Belgian companies take an interest in modernising Ukrainian agriculture, the development of transport, energy sector, and renewable energy in Ukraine. The reader will also find described the distinctive features of building robust economic relations between Ukraine and Belgium, specificities of Belgian investment in Ukraine’s economy, and problems arising in the course of this process. One of the priorities of the diplomatic mission of Belgium to Ukraine is the matter on perspectives of development of bilateral cooperation in the sphere of renewable energy. Such cooperation would contribute to developing and strengthening Ukrainian energy sector. In the case at hand, there is an urgent need for taking a number of measures to forestall global climate changes. Special attention is drawn to the description of Belgian educational system. The author underlines the importance of cultural diplomacy tools in the activities of the Embassy of the Kingdom of Belgium to Ukraine. At the end of the interview, you will find the information on Ambassador’s personal preferences and favourite pastime. It is noted that His Excellency has visited Western, Eastern, and Southern Ukraine, delivered lectures, and shared his thoughts with students at several universities. The article especially notes Mr Lenaerts’s to study the Ukrainian language and reveals the reason of his love to Ukraine and respect of hospitable Ukrainian people. Key words: bilateral relations, reforms, cultural diplomacy, renewable energy, Ukrainian-Belgian relations, education
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Nauwelaerts, Ysabel, and Margot Vingerhoets. "The role of different stakeholders in the transition to a sustainable fashion industry in Europe." International Journal of Sustainable Fashion & Textiles 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 199–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/sft_00032_1.
Full textAbstract:
Today’s fashion industry is among the most unsustainable industries on the planet, responsible for around 3–5 per cent of global carbon emissions. Theory and literature show that making this industry more sustainable is possible by implementing circular economy (CE) principles and new technological developments along the entire value chain, but in practice there is still considerable reluctance and ignorance about implementing more sustainable practices in fashion. This article studies the role of different stakeholders in fostering the transition to a more sustainable fashion industry in Europe. We do this by using a conceptual framework with four groups of actors, namely companies, consumers, public authorities and NGOs. A literature review is supplemented with qualitative case studies of five Belgian companies active in the fashion industry and two public circular platforms. The study first reveals a clear lack of knowledge and information about circularity, both among companies and consumers. Knowledge dissemination should be considered a first important instrument for change. NGOs and public authorities can play an important role in creating social awareness and drawing attention to the issue. Furthermore, public authorities should create the necessary financial, economic and legal framework to stimulate sustainable business models and accelerate change in consumption patterns. The cases we have studied use one or a combination of sustainable practices, ranging from more sustainable design and material choices up to reuse and repair options, but they are still searching for an economically viable model in the longer term. Our study also shows that the realization of circular business models and its success largely depends on the interaction between the different stakeholders. The new EU strategy for sustainable and circular textiles is a first promising step in this direction. The next crucial challenge will be to put this EU strategy successfully into practice. The transition to a sustainable fashion industry will require both substantial investments and conviction from all stakeholders, but this will pay off in the long run.
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Van Zeebroeck, Shanthi. "Gods or Monsters? Non-Explicit Consent in the hastening of deaths by Intensivists in Belgium." SciMedicine Journal 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2019-0103-3.
Full textAbstract:
The Belgian Euthanasia Act of 2002 (The Act), amended in 2014 to include the Minor Act (The Minor Act), has drawn international criticisms for its liberal laws and practices regarding Euthanasia. This research study is a response to media allegations that the liberal laws on euthanasia has encouraged doctors to adopt a paternalistic approach towards their patients by terminating their lives without their explicit consent, i.e. engaging in involuntary Euthanasia. Although in theory, only voluntary euthanasia (explicit patient request and therefore consent) is permitted in Belgium, the media allegations implied that in practice, involuntary euthanasia (no explicit patient request and therefore no consent) is practiced, especially in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Belgium. One major criticism is that because of its liberal laws, Belgian doctors are killing patients without their non-explicit consent. Specifically, it is alleged that Intensivists are shortening lives or hastening the deaths of their patients without their non-explicit consent in the ICUs in the Wallonia Region in Belgium. This research study conducted an empirical-qualitative study to discover if these media allegations were true or false, by interviewing heads of ICUs in five major hospitals in the Wallonia region in Belgium. The research discovered that the media allegations are true, but they are also false. The media allegations are true because shortening life or hastening the death is sometimes practiced in the ICUs without the patient’s non-explicit consent. The media allegations are false because consent is not available due to the patient’s critical condition, and not because it was not asked for. In other words, what is practiced in the ICUs is non-voluntary euthanasia or where patient is unable to request or consent to euthanasia.
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Govaerts, Bert. "De zaak van Rechter Grootaert en de strijd om het Nederlands in Belgisch-Congo. Een symbooldossier uit de jaren vijftig." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 7–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v67i1.12460.
Full textAbstract:
In 1908 verwierf België de souvereiniteit over de voormalige Congo Vrijstaat, die particulier bezit van koning Leopold II was geweest. De nieuwe kolonie kreeg een soort grondwet, het Koloniale Charter. Artikel 3 daarvan bepaalde dat er in Belgisch-Congo taalvrijheid heerste, maar ook dat de Belgen er dezelfde taalrechten en -bescherming zouden genieten als in het moederland. Uiterlijk tegen 1913 moesten speciale decreten de taalregeling in rechtszaken en in de administratie vastleggen. Die afspraak werd niet gehonoreerd. De decreten kwamen er niet en de kolonie werd in de praktijk exclusief Franstalig. Een klein aantal Vlaamse koloniale ambtenaren verzette zich daar tegen en boekte ook beperkte successen, op plaatselijk niveau. Een doorbraak kwam er pas in de nadagen van de kolonie, toen een Vlaams magistraat, Jozef Grootaert, het recht opeiste om in het Nederlands te vonnissen. Pas na een lang en bitter gevecht, uitgevochten tot op regeringsniveau en mee gekleurd door allerlei persoonlijke motieven, werd uiteindelijk in 1956, meer dan veertig jaar later dan afgesproken, een decreet over het gebruik van de talen bij het koloniale gerecht goedgekeurd. Over een decreet i.v.m. bestuurzaken raakte men het niet meer eens voor de onafhankelijkheid van de kolonie in 1960. In het onafhankelijke Congo was er voor het Nederlands geen (officiële) plaats.________The Case of Judge Grootaert and the struggle for Dutch in the Belgian CongoIn 1908 Belgium acquired the sovereignty over the former Congo Free State, which had been the private property of king Leopold II. The new colony was granted a kind of constitution, the Colonial Charter. Article 3 of this charter provided not only that there would be freedom of language in the Belgian Congo, but also that the Belgians in that country would enjoy the same rights and protection of their language as they had in their motherland. The language regulation for court cases and the administration was to be laid down in special decrees by 1913 at the latest. That agreement was not honoured. The decrees failed to be drawn up and in practice the colony became exclusively French speaking. A small number of Flemish colonial officials resisted against this situation and in fact obtained some limited successes on a local level. A breakthrough finally occurred in the latter years of the colony, when a Flemish magistrate, Jozef Grootaert claimed the right to pronounce judgement in Dutch. Only after a long and bitter struggle that was fought out until the bitter end on a governmental level and that was also characterized by all kinds of personal motives, a decree about the use of languages at the colonial court was finally approved in 1956, more than forty years after it had been agreed. It proved to be no longer possible to reach agreement about a decree concerning administrative matters before the independence of the colony in 1960. In the independent Congo Republic no (official) role was reserved for Dutch.