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Journal articles on the topic 'Bell Telephone Laboratories'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Irvine, M. M. "Early digital computers at Bell Telephone Laboratories." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 23, no. 3 (2001): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.948904.

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2

Noll, A. Michael. "Early Digital Computer Art at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated." Leonardo 49, no. 1 (2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00830.

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This article is a history of the digital computer art and animation developed and created at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, 1962–1968. Still and animated images in two dimensions and in stereographic pairs were created and used in investigations of aesthetic preferences, in film titles, in choreography, and in experimental artistic movies. Interactive digital computer music software was extended to the visual domain, including a real-time interactive system. Some of the artworks generated were exhibited publicly in various art venues. This article emphasizes work in digital program

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3

Mowery, David C. "Assessing the effects of divestiture on Bell telephone laboratories." Technovation 7, no. 4 (1988): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(88)90007-7.

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4

Mathews, Max. "Memories of Manfred Schroeder at Bell Telephone Laboratories: 1955–1987." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 4 (2011): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3587938.

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5

Reinhart, F. K. "Witnessing the early semiconductor laser development at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc." Semiconductor Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (2012): 090206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/27/9/090206.

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6

Allen, J. W., and Hermann G. Grimmeiss. "Visible Light-Emitting Diodes - The Formative Years." Materials Science Forum 590 (August 2008): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.590.1.

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A brief history of visible light-emitting diodes (LED's) is given, from the first experimental observations of H.J.Round in 1907 to the mid-1970's when red and green emitters were in extensive production. Early investigations were empirical. This was changed with the invention of the transistor in 1947 by the demonstration of minority carrier injection at a forwardbiased junction, followed by recombination. In 1952 the discovery of the semiconducting behaviour of III-V compounds introduced a new range of materials. Gallium nitride seemed attractive for light emission and was investigated at Ph

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7

Kane, Carolyn L. "Digital Art and Experimental Color Systems at Bell Laboratories, 1965–1984: Restoring Interdisciplinary Innovations to Media History." Leonardo 43, no. 1 (2010): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2010.43.1.53.

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AT&T's Bell Laboratories produced a prolific number of innovative digital art and experimental color systems between 1965 and 1984. However, due to repressive regulation, this work was hidden from the public. Almost two decades later, when Bell lifted its restrictions on creative work not related to telephone technologies, the atmosphere had changed so dramatically that despite a relaxation of regulation, cutting-edge projects were abandoned. This paper discusses the struggles encountered in interdisciplinary collaborations and the challenge to use new media computing technology to make ex

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8

Rankovic, Christine M. "Study of speech and hearing at Bell Telephone Laboratories: The Fletcher years." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (2001): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744763.

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9

Itakura, Fumitada. "Early linear predictive speech coding at Bell Telephone Laboratories and Electrical Communication Laboratory." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 5 (2006): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4787539.

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10

Mullenex, James L. "Box Plots: Basic and Advanced." Mathematics Teacher 83, no. 2 (1990): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.83.2.0108.

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Box plots are used for the purpose of analyzing and displaying important features of sets of data. More specifically, box plots are used as graphical representations of five-number summaries. Box plots and five-number summaries are new statistical techniques that were developed by John W. Tukey of Bell Telephone Laboratories. They are parts of a larger set of modern statistical techniques known collectively as exploratory data analysis, or EDA.

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11

Iwai, Hiroshi, and Durga Misra. "The Transistor was Invented 75 Years Ago: A Big Milestone in Human History." Electrochemical Society Interface 31, no. 4 (2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f13224if.

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Seventy-five years ago, on December 16, 1947, the transistor was invented by William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain at Bell Telephone Laboratories. This was a big milestone in human history as it was the origin of the field of micro/nano electronics, which is now resulting in a super-intelligent society. The technological revolution that followed the invention of the transistor is astounding and has moved mankind forward in countless ways. This paper describes the process of the technological development behind the invention of the transistor, and discusses the meaning and impact

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12

Zhang, Yang, Xin Qian, Qidi You, Xuan Zhou, Xiyong Zhang, and Yang Wang. "A Probabilistic Algorithm for Computation of Polynomial Greatest Common with Smaller Factors." Applied Mathematics and Sciences An International Journal (MathSJ) 9, no. 3 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/mathsj.2022.9301.

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In the earlier work, Knuth present an algorithm to decrease the coefficient growth in the Euclidean algorithm of polynomials called subresultant algorithm. However, the output polynomials may have a small factor which can be removed. Then later, Brown of Bell Telephone Laboratories showed the subresultant in another way by adding a variant called 𝜏 and gave a way to compute the variant. Nevertheless, the way failed to determine every𝜏 correctly. In this paper, we will give a probabilistic algorithm to determine the variant 𝜏 correctly in most cases by adding a few steps instead of computing 𝑡(

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13

Roth, Don. "Statistical Methods For Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography Process Control." Materials Evaluation 83, no. 2 (2025): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.32548/2025.me-04481.

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The quality control practices that are typically applied to assess the quality of manufactured products can also be applied to the inspection methods used for this purpose. This article discusses statistical methods of quality control for the X-ray computed tomography (CT) inspection process. These methods are based on the control chart concept developed by Walter A. Shewhart at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1924. Control charts are an effective and relatively simple tool to employ for process control. Different types of control charts are used depending on the situation, and this will be ill

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14

Setti, Giancarlo. "Guglielmo Marconi and Radioastronomy." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 175 (1996): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900079791.

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The decision to hold this IAU Symposium at Bologna on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the wireless telegraphy represents in itself a recognition of the widespread feeling of a historical link between the great discovery of Guglielmo Marconi and the birth of radioastronomy. Obviously, it is not a direct link. We all well know that the birth of radioastronomy must be traced back to the year 1932 when Karl Jansky recognized for the first time the existence of a radio signal probably associated with a celestial source. This a classical example of a ‘serendipitous’ discove

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15

Spiegel, Laurie. "Graphical GROOVE: memorial for the VAMPIRE, a visual music system." Organised Sound 3, no. 3 (1998): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771898003021.

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Once upon a time there was a computer music system called GROOVE (Generating Realtime Operations On Voltage-controlled Equipment, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey) which outputted in the realm of sound, and was a wonderful and still-unique tool for the composition thereof. At that time a then-young composer who was using GROOVE for music got the harebrained idea that if she made a few minor changes here and there she could use it to compose images as well. This she did in 1974-6, and though the untimely demise of the system prevented creation of much documentation in the fo

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16

Czerwińska, Gabriela, Wojciech Ścierski, Grzegorz Namysłowski, Grażyna Lisowska, and Maciej Misiołek. "The surgical treatment results of otosclerosis at the Department of Otolaryngology Silesian Medical University in Zabrze in years 2000–2010." Otolaryngologia Polska 71, no. 2 (2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8410.

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Background: Otosclerosis is a cause of 5–9% of all hearing loss. The most effective treatment of otoslerosis is stapedotomy. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of otosclerosis surgical treatment and to examine the impact of disease stage, time of the signs, age and sex on the results. Material and methods: 105 patients who underwent operation due to otosclerosis at the Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital in Zabrze at the age of 18–65 were analyzed. In 25 patients stapedotomy was bilateral. 130 cases of treated ears were included in the statistical analysis. The

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17

Wilson, Richard H. "Amplitude (vu and rms) and Temporal (msec) Measures of Two Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 Recordings." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 04 (2015): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.4.3.

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Background: In 1940, a cooperative effort by the radio networks and Bell Telephone produced the volume unit (vu) meter that has been the mainstay instrument for monitoring the level of speech signals in commercial broadcasting and research laboratories. With the use of computers, today the amplitude of signals can be quantified easily using the root mean square (rms) algorithm. Researchers had previously reported that amplitude estimates of sentences and running speech were 4.8 dB higher when measured with a vu meter than when calculated with rms. This study addresses the vu–rms relation as ap

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18

Kazmerski, Lawrence L. "The 70th Anniversary of the Bell Telephone Laboratories Solar Battery Discovery." Solar Compass, April 2024, 100073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100073.

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19

"Interview with Robert G. Shulman." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (1996): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.5.474.

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Robert G. Shulman is the Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees at Columbia in physical chemistry, with an intervening period as Lt(jg) USNR. Soon after graduate studies with C. H. Townes in microwave spectroscopy, he went to Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he started Nuclear Magnetic Resonance research on antiferromagnetics; superconductors; semiconductors; and, eventually, biomolecules. A year working with F. H. C. Crick and S. Brenner on phage genetics solidified his interest in biophysics. He started and led

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20

D'Amico, Dalila. "Utopie e mercato: il ruolo degli artisti nell’innovazione tecnologica." Sciami | ricerche 5, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.47109/0102250103.

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The essay analyzes three cases of collaborations between artists and companies considered particularly emblematic since in the first half of the twentieth century led to the invention of sound/light devices and the establishment of joint research departments between artists and engineers: the meeting in 1927 between the Dadaist Raoul Hausmann and the engineer Daniel Broido of the berliner electric company AEG which leads to the patent of the Otophone, a device for converting light into sound and vice-versa; the collaboration between the director Modest Altschuler and the engineer Preston S. Mi

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