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Journal articles on the topic 'Bellarmine'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Washburn, Christian D. "St. Robert Bellarmine, Conciliarism, and the Limits of Papal Power." Perichoresis 18, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2020-0033.

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AbstractThis article will examine Bellarmine’s first anti–conciliarist work, found in the Disputationes de controversiis Christianae fidei adversus huius temporis haereticos, emphasizing his theological treatment of the pope’s authority relative to the authority of a council and his repudiation of conciliarism. Bellarmine sees the conciliarists as attacking the divinely instituted Petrine structure of the Church. He does not advocate for an absolute papal monarchy in which there are no ‘constitutional’ limitations on the papacy. For Bellarmine, Christ and his Word, as found in Sacred Scripture and Apostolic Tradition, have supreme authority in the Church: one which the magisterium, whether papal or conciliar, must accept in humility and pass on unsullied. Only Christ has a true fullness of power; the pope has a fullness only relative to that of the bishops. Nevertheless, Christ immediately instituted the pope as the supreme head of the Church on earth, and as such, the pope has supreme ecclesiastical power over the whole Church on earth. Lastly, the article examines Bellarmine’s position on papal heresy.

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2

Steane, Kate. "Bellarmine Capacities." Post-Medieval Archaeology 21, no. 1 (January 1987): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pma.1987.006.

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3

MacFarlane, John. "Boghossian, Bellarmine, and Bayes." Philosophical Studies 141, no. 3 (October 15, 2008): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-008-9281-6.

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4

Blanchard, Shaun. "V. Balance and Imbalance: The Papacy and the Contested Legacies of the Vatican Councils." Horizons 47, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2020.47.

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Toward the end of his magisterial study of Catholic ecclesiological struggles spanning 1300 to 1870 CE, Francis Oakley employed a striking image to illustrate the victory of papalism over conciliarism. After Vatican I, the “solitary horseman” left on a desolate “ecclesiological battlefield” many centuries in the making was “none other than the resilient ghost of Bellarmine.” By this image, Oakley meant that Pastor Aeternus’ twin definitions of papal infallibility and jurisdictional supremacy represented the definitive triumph of the ultramontane school, as typified by the counter-reformation Jesuit Cardinal Robert Bellarmine. For Oakley—and in this point he echoed a common interpretation—Vatican I consigned conciliar and constitutionalist Catholic ecclesiologies to “oblivion.”

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5

Richgels, Robert W., Robert Bellarmine, John P. Donnelly, and Roland J. Teske. "The Spiritual Writings of Robert Bellarmine." Sixteenth Century Journal 21, no. 3 (1990): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2540316.

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6

Diamond, Deborah, and John Clement Rager. "The Political Philosophy of St. Robert Bellarmine." Review of Religious Research 38, no. 3 (March 1997): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3512093.

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7

Orser, Charles E. "Rethinking ‘Bellarmine’ contexts in 17th-century England." Post-Medieval Archaeology 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2019.1601390.

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8

McCarthy, Martin F. "Book Review: Galileo, Bellarmine and the Bible." Theological Studies 53, no. 1 (March 1992): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056399205300116.

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9

Daly, Robert J. "Robert Bellarmine and Post-Tridentine Eucharistic Theology." Theological Studies 61, no. 2 (May 2000): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056390006100202.

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10

Shea, William R. "Galileo, Bellarmine, and the Bible. Richard J. Blackwell." Isis 83, no. 3 (September 1992): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/356232.

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11

Kelter, Irving A. "Galileo, Bellarmine and the Bible. By Richard J. Blackwell." Modern Schoolman 69, no. 2 (1992): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/schoolman199269217.

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12

Fastiggi, Robert. "Ecclesiastical and Temporal Power in Vitoria, Suarez and Bellarmine." Catholic Social Science Review 9 (2004): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr2004920.

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13

Reitan, Eric A. "Galileo, Bellarmine and the Bible by Richard J. Blackwell." Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review 57, no. 4 (1993): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tho.1993.0008.

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14

Shea, William. "Book Review: Bellarmine on the Heavens: The Louvain Lectures (Lectiones Lovanienses) of Bellarmine and the Autograph Copy of His 1616 Declaration to Galileo." Journal for the History of Astronomy 18, no. 1 (February 1987): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182868701800114.

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15

Jurdjevic, Mark, and Peter Godman. "The Saint as Censor: Robert Bellarmine between Inquisition and Index." Sixteenth Century Journal 33, no. 1 (2002): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144267.

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16

Lehner, Ulrich L. "Book Review: Controversies on the Christian Faith. By Robert Bellarmine." Theological Studies 78, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563917698898c.

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17

Moskal, Tomasz. "Księgozbiór parafii we Wrzawach w świetle wizytacji generalnej z 1748 roku." Saeculum Christianum 25 (April 25, 2019): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sc.2018.25.19.

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The article presents the parish library in Wrzawy in 1748. Information about it was provided by the protocol of the general visitation of the archdeaconry of Zawichost in the diocese of Cracow, realized by the archdeacon of that time, Józef Cyprian Lange (+1757). The collection of 15 books had a typically pastoral character. Texts of the Holy Scriptures, homiletic works of Alexander Lorencowicz, Sebastian Stryjewicz, Jan Osorius, Didacus Nisenus theological-moral Jan Busaeus, Robert Bellarmine, Ludwik of Granada and ascetic Tomasz and Kempis, helped to work on the pulpit or in the confessional. Thus, although it was not a collection of books, it was varied in content.

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18

Carroll, William E. "Book Review: How the Heavens Go: Galileo, Bellarmine, and the Bible." Journal for the History of Astronomy 28, no. 3 (August 1997): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182869702800307.

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19

Washburn, Christian D. "The Saint as Censor. Robert Bellarmine between Inquisition and Index (review)." Catholic Historical Review 92, no. 4 (2006): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2007.0052.

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20

HAVERCROFT, JONATHAN. "Was Westphalia ‘all that’? Hobbes, Bellarmine, and the norm of non-intervention." Global Constitutionalism 1, no. 1 (March 2012): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381711000104.

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AbstractRecently, historians of the international system have called into question the significance of the Treaties of Westphalia in 1648 as the moment when the international system formed. One of their primary arguments is that the non-intervention norm typically associated with Westphalian notions of sovereignty developed much later. This paper will examine the early 17th-century debates over the right of the Pope to depose monarchs in the defense of spiritual matters. I read Part III and Part IV of Hobbes’Leviathanin its intellectual context to see how his theory of sovereignty was partially developed to support a theory of non-intervention. This reading leads to two important contributions to current political science debates. First, it refutes the growing consensus that non-intervention developed as an aspect of sovereignty only in the late 18th and early 19th century. Second, the paper addresses current attempts to assert a right of humanitarian intervention. By exploring similarities between these recent debates and those between Bellarmine and Hobbes in the 17th century, I offer a fresh perspective on what is at stake in current claims to international community.

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21

Washburn, Christian D. "St. Robert Bellarmine on the Infallibility of General Councils of the Church." Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 42, no. 1 (June 20, 2010): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890433-04201011.

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22

Worcester, Thomas. "Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth - By Stefania Tutino." Religious Studies Review 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2011.01515_10.x.

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23

Tarrant, Neil. "Reconstructing Thomist astrology: Robert Bellarmine and the papal bull Coeli et terrae." Annals of Science 77, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2020.1714286.

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24

Oakley, Francis. "Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth (review)." Catholic Historical Review 98, no. 3 (2012): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0201.

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25

Espin, O. O. "Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth. By Stefania Tutino." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 80, no. 2 (May 11, 2012): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfs008.

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26

Izbicki, Thomas. "The Fifteenth-Century Councils: Francisco de Vitoria, Melchor Cano, and Bartolomé Carranza." Renaissance and Reformation 42, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066362ar.

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The Dominican theologian Francisco de Vitoria, founder of the School of Salamanca, was cautiously positive about general councils as useful to the church. However, he was not supportive of the strong conciliarism of the University of Paris. Vitoria’s successor at Salamanca, Melchor Cano, was much more a papalist, an opinion partially shared by Bartolomé Carranza, who attended the opening sessions of the Council of Trent (1545–63) and became archbishop of Toledo. Both Cano and Carranza rejected any claim to conciliar power over a reigning pope, although Carranza wrote more favourably about councils than did Cano. Their criticisms of the fifteenth-century councils of Constance (1414–18) and Basel (1431–49) foreshadowed the categorization of councils by Robert Bellarmine based on loyalty to the papacy. All of these theologians shared the belief that the ideal council was that of Ferrara–Florence (1438–45), which was summoned and directed by a pope.

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27

Oakley, Francis. "Complexities of Context: Gerson, Bellarmine, Sarpi, Richer, and the Venetian Interdict of 1606-1607." Catholic Historical Review 82, no. 3 (1996): vi—396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1996.0150.

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28

Hubisz, John L. "MicroReviews by the Book Review Editor: Galileo, Bellarmine, and the Bible: Richard J. Blackwell." Physics Teacher 48, no. 8 (November 2010): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3502530.

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29

Pullapilly, Cyriac K. "Agostino Valier and the Conceptual Basis of the Catholic Reformation." Harvard Theological Review 85, no. 3 (July 1992): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000003333.

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The influence of Agostino Valier on the theoretical formulations behind the Catholic Reformation and on its practical reforms is little known. There are reasons for this lack of recognition. Unlike Robert Bellarmine and Caesar Baronius, his illustrious contemporaries, he did not leave behind one or two great works on which the eyes of the Catholic and non-Catholic worlds were fixed. Unlike them, he was not in the center of major theological or historical controversies. From behind the scenes, he exerted a quiet, consistent influence on Catholic intellectual life and reforms over half a century. Much of his impact was the result of his personal contacts with his wide circle of friends, church leaders, and secular rulers of Europe, for whom individually he prepared short treatises concerning major issues confronting them. There were many such treatises. In 1719 Josephus Caminus listed one hundred twenty-eight such titles in his edition of Valier's book De cautione adhibenda in edendis libris which he published in Venice.

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30

Crandell, Catherine Elizabeth, Sarah Elizabeth Quinn, Christopher Jon Wingard, Reid Imel, Jarek Penney, Kevin Swartz, Jessica Weiss, Joshua Wilson, Joseph M. Flynn, and John Turner Hamm. "A physical assessment tool to evaluate functional status compared to ECOG scores in cancer outpatients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.30_suppl.135.

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135 Background: Individuals with cancer may experience loss of function, disability and fatigue. There is interest in team-based functional and physical assessment as part of a comprehensive oncology care plan. The Bellarmine Norton Assessment Tool (BNAT) was developed to provide an objective physical assessment tool for interprofessional use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the BNAT and correlate its outcomes with ECOG scores across groups diagnosed with pancreatic (P), breast (B) and lung (L) cancers. Methods: The BNAT was developed by the Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program utilizing validated physical assessment tests. It consists of 1 subjective question about physical activity frequency followed by 4 objective tests: 2-Minute Step Test (2MST), 30 Sec Sit-to-Stand, Timed Arm Curl (TAC) and Timed Up and Go. The ECOG was administered by attending oncologists during the same visit as BNAT testing. 18 participants were identified 6 in each of the diagnosis groups from a recruitment cohort of 57. The avg. age for P was 68.8±9 yrs 4♀,2♂; B 71.5±15.8 yrs 6♀; L 65.0±12.4 yrs 3♀,3♂. Results: The combined mean ± SD ECOG score was 1.2±1.0 (range 0-3) while the combined BNAT score was 15.4±6.5 (range 7-29). Mean BNAT score by diagnosis: P 16.6±7.4; B 13.0±5.5; & L 18.3±5.7. Spearman correlation analysis of BNAT and ECOG scores revealed a significant (p = 0.0001) negative correlation of agreement (r = -0.79). Both B and L cancers had significant (p < 0.05) correlation of agreement (B r = -0.71 & L r = -0.88). TAC correlation to ECOG was strongest in L group (r = -0.86), but 2MST was strongest for P group (r = -0.62). There was a reciprocal relationship of slopes between TAC and 2MST based on diagnosis. L steepest slope in TAC (-6.2 with deviation from 0, p = 0.014) while P had steepest slope with 2MST (-13.1). Slope for B group consistently fell between the 2 other diagnoses. Conclusions: There was a strong linear relationship of BNAT, TAC & 2MST to ECOG scores across the 3 cohorts of diagnoses. The BNAT subcomponents have varying degrees of contribution to the total that can be attributed to diagnosis-related functional deficits, thus giving providers information to determine appropriate care.

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31

Wallace, William A. "The Louvain Lectures (Lectiones lovanienses) of Bellarmine and the Autograph Copy of His 1616 Declaration to Galileo. Robert Bellarmine , Ugo Baldini , George V. CoyneFrancois de Aguilon, S.J. (1576-1617); Scientist and Architect. August Ziggelaar." Isis 77, no. 1 (March 1986): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/354118.

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32

Ditchfield, Simon. "Martyrs on the Move: Relics as Vindicators of Local Diversity in the Tridentine Church." Studies in Church History 30 (1993): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011761.

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Robert Bellarmine put it with his customary clarity and forcefulness when he wrote: There is nothing that they [the Protestants] shudder at and abhor more than the invocation of saints, the cult of relics and the veneration of images. For they consider that these things constitute manifest impiety and idolatry.It was in recognition of this pressing reality that Rome—principally via the agency of die Sacred Congregation of Rites and Ceremonies—sought to put its house in order. It did so in two main ways: on the one hand, it relaunched official saint-making—the year of the congregation’s foundation (1588) saw the first official canonization after a hiatus of over half a century. Hand in hand with this went the tightening up of canonization procedure which was to culminate in a papal bull of 1634 that remained the final word on the subject until well into this century. On the other hand, regional churches were required to submit their local saints’ offices to Rome for approval. In addition, die authentication, translation, and display of relics became subject tounprecedented regulation.

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33

Wood, Susan. "Continuity and Development in Roman Catholic Ecclesiology." Ecclesiology 7, no. 2 (2011): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553111x559517.

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AbstractAn overview of the conceptualizations of the Catholic Church from the theology of Bellarmine to contemporary understanding of the church as communion shows both continuity and development from one concept to the next rather than an abrupt change to a new model that discards the model preceding it. This essay examines the church as perfect society, church as mystical body, church as sacrament, church as people of God, and church as communion, demonstrating that the various conceptualizations represent development, balance, correction, and a deeper penetration in the understanding and articulation of the prior conceptualizations. The church as body of Christ develops the spiritual and Christological dimension of the church as society. The church as sacrament offers a way of differentiating between Christ and the church while at the same time retaining the close correlation between the two. The church as people of God introduces historical consciousness into the definition of the church. The church as communion synthesizes the strong sacramental and spiritual identity of the church with its organizational structure.

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34

Hobbs, R. "Reading the Old Testament after Trent: Cardinal Robert Bellarmine and his Italian Predecessors on Psalm Four." Reformation & Renaissance Review 12, no. 2-3 (October 20, 2010): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/rrr.v12i2-3.207.

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35

Washburn, Christian D. "Three Sixteenth-Century Thomist Solutions to the Problem of a Heretical Pope: Cajetan, Cano, and Bellarmine." Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review 83, no. 4 (2019): 547–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tho.2019.0035.

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36

Graney, Christopher M. "A True Demonstration: Bellarmine and the Stars as Evidence Against Earth’s Motion in the Early Seventeenth Century." Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture 14, no. 3 (2011): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/log.2011.0022.

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37

Grande, Frank D. "Galileo, Bellarmine, and the Bible: Including a Translation of Foscarini’s Letter on the Motion of the Earth." Manuscripta 35, no. 3 (November 1991): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.mss.3.1388.

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38

Crandell, Catherine Elizabeth, Christopher Jon Wingard, Sarah Elizabeth Quinn, Kate Elise Amin, Katie Marie Brownschidle, Donna Dahm, Lauren Huebler, Kelsey Lynn Mayo, and John Turner Hamm. "Development of a stop light tool using the bellarmine norton assessment tool (BNAT) for physical therapy referral." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19067-e19067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19067.

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e19067 Background: Individuals with cancer experience fatigue, pain and decline in function. The Bellarmine Norton Assessment Tool (BNAT) was developed to give an objective measure identifying a person’s overall functional ability through a variety of physical assessments focused on mobility and strength. The purpose of this study was to develop a referral tool to provide health care professionals an easy determinant for physical therapy referrals. The referral tool was designed as a Red, Yellow, Green light for easy interpretation and use. Methods: The BNAT is composed of 1 self-reported physical activity question and 4 objective tests: 2-Minute Step Test (2MST); 30-Second Sit-to-Stand; Timed Arm Curl; and Timed Up and Go. A previously collected data set of BNAT scores was utilized to develop the referral tool with the poorest performance corresponding to Red and the best corresponding to Green. Three variations of normative scaling examined optimal distribution for classification. The first model averaged normative data of 70-74 age group of healthy individuals. No participants in our study achieved 50% of population norms. Therefore, the Green light represented 35% of the normative values, the Yellow light ranged from 15-34% and the Red light identified < 15%. A second model used frequency histograms for each BNAT elements. Groupings were made based on the natural break of the data to depict the Red, Yellow or Green light. A third approach combined normative and frequency distribution for each element as compared to the respective BNAT scores. The outcome assigned BNAT score of 1 and 2 to Red light, 3 to Yellow light and 4 and 5 to Green light. Except for the 2MST, these models were similar for the cutoff between color categories. The third model best fit the study population with respect to the individual’s total BNAT score. Results: Of the 161 subjects, 47 subjects (29%) fell into the Red category, 81 (50%) into Yellow and 33 (21%) into Green. Using this scaling system for the total BNAT score, 13 score combinations result in Red light, 6 scores for Yellow light and 6 scores for Green light. Regardless of the model, most individuals were assigned a Yellow light. Conclusions: The literature is void of functional cut off scores and normative distributive data for the oncology population. We defined a referral tool with scaling based off normative scores and functional assessments that reflect the distribution of oncology patients. The third model may be used as a simple referral tool among multiple health care professionals aiding in a referral for physical therapy.

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39

Sullivan, John. "Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth. By Stefania Tutino. Pp. 404, NY, Oxford University Press, 2010, £45.00." Heythrop Journal 53, no. 3 (April 11, 2012): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2011.00729_12.x.

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40

Platt, Eric. "The Theological-Political Origins of the Modern State: The Controversy between James I of England & Cardinal Bellarmine (review)." Catholic Historical Review 98, no. 1 (2012): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0038.

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41

JACK, SYBIL. "The Theological-Political Origins of the Modern State: The Controversy Between James I of England and Cardinal Bellarmine - By Bernard Bourdin." Journal of Religious History 36, no. 1 (February 27, 2012): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2011.01099.x.

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42

Kries, Douglas. "A Review of “On Temporal and Spiritual Authority”; “The Theological-Political Origins of the Modern State: The Controversy between James I of England and Cardinal Bellarmine”; “Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540-1630”; and “Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth”." Perspectives on Political Science 41, no. 4 (October 2012): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10457097.2012.713270.

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43

Quinn, Sarah E., Catherine E. Crandell, Morgan E. Blake, Amy M. Bontrager, Alexandra G. Dempsey, Derek J. Lewis, John T. Hamm, Joseph M. Flynn, Grant S. Smith, and Christopher J. Wingard. "The Correlative Strength of Objective Physical Assessment Against the ECOG Performance Status Assessment in Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer." Physical Therapy 100, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz192.

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Abstract Background Individuals with cancer experience loss of function and disability due to disease and cancer-related treatments. Physical fitness and frailty influence treatment plans and may predict cancer outcomes. Outcome measures currently used may not provide sufficiently comprehensive assessment of physical performance. Objective The objectives of this study are to: (1) describe the development of a functional measure, the Bellarmine Norton Assessment Tool (BNAT), for individuals with cancer; and (2) assess the relationship between the BNAT and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status, a commonly used classification system by oncologists. Design This was a prospective cohort correlation study. Methods The BNAT encompasses 1 self-reported physical activity question and 4 objective tests: 2-Minute Step Test, 30-Second Sit to Stand, Timed Arm Curl, and Timed Up and Go. The BNAT score and its components were compared with ECOG Performance Status scores assigned by oncologists and analyzed for correlation and agreement. Results A total of 103 male and female individuals (ages 33–87 years) with various cancer diagnoses participated. The mean (SD) ECOG Performance Status score was 0.95 (0.87), range 0 to 3, and the mean BNAT score was 14.9 (4.3), range 5 to 24. Spearman agreement association of BNAT and ECOG Performance Status scores revealed a significant moderate negative relationship (r = −0.568). Limitations The BNAT was compared with the ECOG Performance Status, a commonly used but subjective measure. Additionally, a common data set was used for both deriving and evaluating the BNAT performance scale. Conclusions There was a moderate negative linear relationship of BNAT to ECOG Performance Status scores across all participants. Utilization of the BNAT may reflect overall physical performance and provide comprehensive and meaningful detail to influence therapeutic decisions.

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44

Bergin, Joseph. "Stefania Tutino, Empire of Souls. Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. xii+404, £45, ISBN: 978-0-19974-053-6." Recusant History 30, no. 4 (October 2011): 593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200013224.

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45

Höpfl, Harro. "Stefania Tutino . Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth . (Oxford Studies in Historical Theology.) New York: Oxford University Press. 2010. Pp. xii, 404. $74.00." American Historical Review 116, no. 4 (October 2011): 1222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.4.1222.

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46

Izbicki, Thomas M. "BALANCING THE TWO SWORDS - Stefania Tutino: Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. xii, 404. $74.00.) - Bernard Bourdin: The Theological-Political Origins of the Modern State: The Controversy between James I of England and Cardinal Bellarmine. Trans. Susan Pickford. (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2010. Pp. vii, 282. $59.95.)." Review of Politics 73, no. 4 (2011): 663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467051100372x.

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47

Finocchiaro, Maurice A. "The Louvain Lectures (Lectiones Lovanienses) of Bellarmine and the Autograph Copy of his 1616 Declaration to Galileo, and: The Galileo Affair: A Meeting of Faith and Science (review)." Journal of the History of Philosophy 26, no. 1 (1988): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hph.1988.0007.

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Bergin, Joseph. "Roberto Bellarmine, On Temporal and Spiritual Authority, translated and edited with an introduction by Stefania Tutino, Liberty Fund, Indianopolis, 2012, pp. lii + 466, $14.50, ISBN: 978-0-86597-717-4." Recusant History 31, no. 4 (October 2013): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200014084.

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Cuttica, Cesare. "Stefania Tutino. Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. xii + 404 pp. index. bibl. $74. ISBN: 978–0–19–974053–6." Renaissance Quarterly 64, no. 2 (2011): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661861.

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Stemmer, John K., and David M. Mahan. "Assessing the Library’s Influence on Freshman and Senior Level Outcomes with User Surveys." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 2 (June 14, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pg62.

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Abstract:

Abstract Objectives – This study seeks to identify areas where relationships exist between a student’s library usage and student outcomes at Bellarmine University, a private master’s level institution. The study has two primary aims. The first is to see if an operationally oriented user survey can be used to provide evidence of the library’s support for institutionally important student outcomes. The second is to develop a regression model that provides a big picture with multiple variables to determine if library factors are still significant in student outcomes when controlling for significant demographic factors. Methods – The library regularly conducts student user surveys, and this study examines the results of the first three surveys, from 2007, 2008 and 2010. These surveys include individually identifiable data on why students come to the library and how often they use it in person and online. Researchers aggregated student responses into class-based cohorts and used regression analysis to analyze the extent and significance of the relationships, if any, that exist between student use of the library and student outcomes such as retention, graduation and cumulative GPA. The study takes into consideration known significant student demographic factors such as American Collect Testing (ACT) composite score, full- or part-time status, and their session GPA. Results – The study identifies specific library services and resources that have significant correlations with the selected student learning measures and outcomes. For freshman students, the ability to access the library online influences both retention and graduation. In looking at freshman learning outcomes represented by GPA, the results again indicate that the library has a positive influence on a student’s GPA. The library’s influence appears through two factors that highlight the library as a place: providing a place to study alone and as a place that has specialized equipment available to students. The library influences seniors’ cumulative GPA differently than for freshmen, primarily through the library’s role as an information resource. The variable check out books had a positive impact on senior’s GPA. Conclusions – This study indicates that the library does have an influence on student outcomes, whether learning outcomes, represented by cumulative GPA, or more typical student success outcomes, represented by second-year retention and graduation. This is true even when controlling for certain demographics, including the student’s ACT score, whether the student is part-time or full-time, and their session GPA. The factors that influence an individual student’s outcome change depending on the point in time in the undergraduate experience. These statistical analyses provide significant evidence for the value the library provides in support of institutionally important student outcome goals.

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