Academic literature on the topic 'Bellini family'

Without the maternal hold, without its herethical ethics and sublimation, without the stability (fragile as it may be) that this hold can bring, we are melancholically or defensively driven to commit the most heinous acts of atrocity and violence in the name of eternal life, development, and progress. For the most part, Kristeva has described the combination of personal loss and social, cultural, and historical pressures brought to bear on the vexed (but ultimately successful) sublimation of the maternal hold by artists like Giovanni Bellini. More recently, however, her attention has turned to other contemporary examples, in particular, Max Beckmann whose works, she claims, sublimate the loss of the maternal hold itself. They are examples of a Sacred Family, a Pietà, or a Dormition that have undergone a radical transformation. They are representations of a society, a culture, indeed a world, that is losing its maternal hold; a world that is losing both its herethical ethics, and the capacity to sublimate its apoptotic inheritance. Following Kristeva, I will put Eduardo Lalo’s book of poems and drawings Necrópolis (2014) in a tradition of representation of the maternal hold that is close to a thousand years old. This tradition goes from the confrontation with nothingness in Theophane the Greek’s Dormition (1392) to the modern matricide represented in Pablo Picasso’s Maternity Apple (1971).

e20524 Background: The BELLINI trial investigated the efficacy and safety of venetoclax (ven)/bortezomib (bort)/dexamethasone (dex) vs placebo/bort/dex in patients with bort-sensitive, early relapsed myeloma. The median PFS favored the ven arm (22.4 vs 11.5 months); however, a higher death rate in the ven arm led to study discontinuation. A subgroup of patients with t(11;14) not only had improved PFS but a positive trend in OS with ven, suggesting biomarker-driven patient selection may mitigate the safety concern. BELLIINI results raised concern regarding the natural history of myeloma progressing on ven. We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of ven refractory myeloma patients. Methods: We identified 70 refractory myeloma patients at our institution prescribed ven alone or in combination between 03/2014 -11/2019. Our group has published the functional profiling of BCL2 family members to predict responses to ven (Matulis, S et al. Leukemia), and most patients had functional profiling available prior to starting ven. Demographic and outcomes data were obtained from our IRB approved myeloma database and responses were evaluated per IMWG criteria. Results: Patients received a median of 3 (1-13) lines of therapy (LOT), with 37% receiving ≥4prior LOT and 86% had t(11;14) by FISH/CTG. Most patients received ASCT (86%) and were refractory to len and bort (97%), dara (41.4%), car (43%), or pom (53%). The most common combinations with ven were dex (83%), PI and dex (8.5%), or dara and dex (8.5%). At a median follow up of 16.8 months, 38 patients progressed on ven. Median duration of therapy was 9.5 (1-63) months. Median PFS for the entire cohort was 13 (7.9-18.2) months. Use of ven as an early LOT provided PFS benefit ( < 3 vs > 3 LOT: 23.2 vs 10.4 months). Notably, patients who received > 6 LOT also had a PFS benefit of 7.23 (0-15.6) months, and ‘penta-refractory’ patients had a PFS of 7.2 (0-17.2) months. Among the 38 patients that progressed on ven, dara-based combinations (30%) and clinical trials (24%) were the most common subsequent LOT. At a median follow up of 15.4 months, the median OS for the cohort from the time of ven refractoriness was 31.4 months. Patients who received > 6 LOT had an OS of 15.1 (0-14.2) months and ‘penta-refractory’ patients at ven refractoriness had an OS of 13.7 (0-30.6) months. Conclusions: Patients with ven refractory myeloma can still experience good long term outcomes, and our experience does not support the hypothesis that ven resistance leads to a more refractory myeloma phenotype. These data support the early use of ven or ven combinations in the t(11;14) cohort of patients.

- Recent research findings highlight the role of context and family function-ning (Walsh, 2008) in strengthening resilience both individual and familiar. Studies about adolescents in post conflict context (Galvani, 2008) have confirmed the relevance of meanings (considered both as a making process and content) in mobilizing resources in the face of adversities. Literature (Antonovsky, 1987; Almedom e Glandom, 2007) states that Sense of Coherence (event's Comprehensibility, Manageability and Meaningfulness) indicates resilience in face of critical events. This study on Kosovar adolescents who experienced war during childhood (N. 144) suggests the centrality of family support and family functioning in making meaning out of adversities in order to enact individual adjustment. Data confirm family sense of coherence as resilience mediator in wellbeing.

Background: Selective BCL2 inhibition with venetoclax, induces deep responses in relapsed MM. However, acquired resistance to venetoclax frequently occurs. Importantly, in the Bellini trial, while the combination of venetoclax and bortezomib doubled the median progression free survival compared to control, it resulted in shorter overall survival. These results highlight the challenges secondary resistance poses and the need to investigate the mechanisms mediating the emerged resistance to venetoclax. Methods & Results: Bone marrow (BM) aspirates were collected from patients (n=8) treated with venetoclax prior to initiation of therapy and at disease progression. Mononuclear cell fractions were isolated through ficoll coupled with magnetic sorting of CD138+cells. Ex-vivo functional profiling of venetoclax sensitivity was performed on CD138+cells. Unbiased mRNA and DNA profiling was conducted by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), single cell ATAC-seq and single cell copy number analysis (scCNV) using the GemCode system (10x Genomics). Cell Ranger, Seurat, Signac and Monocle were used for data analysis. Ex-vivo apoptosis studies revealed a dynamic shift of the IC50s of venetoclax from a median of 100 nM in pretreatment sample to &gt;1000 nM at disease progression. Single cell CNV profiling identified a significant expansion of a pre-treatment subclonal (&lt;1%) cluster of cells with 1q21 copy number gain to become the predominant clone (&gt;70%) at the time of relapse. The scale of the 1q CNV gain varied from 3 Mb to a very focal gain of 100 kb encompassing the MCL1 gene locus. Of note copy number gain was also identified in the BCL2L1 gene, but no copy number losses were detected in the BAX or BAK gene loci. Single cell RNA profiling of the same samples confirmed the gain in the MCL1 mRNA transcript with downregulation of BCL2 at the time of relapse. Consistent with a branching evolutionary model, scATAC-seq revealed increased chromatin accessability studies at the MCL1 locus in subclones of relapsed samples. Cell trajectory analysis and pseudotime ordering of cells (Monocle) revealed the emergence of a highly proliferative clone and of an MCL1 dependent clone as the disease evolved from its original BCL2 dependent cluster at pseudotime (t0) (Figure). Furthermore, ex-vivo apoptosis profiling revealed a shift in the sensitivity of the CD138+cells with an acquired sensitivity to MCL1 inhibitor (S63845). These findings suggest that the 1q21 copy number gain with MCL1 upregulation is likely mediating the acquired venetoclax resistance. In order to functionally confirm whether the gain in MCL1 is sufficient to shift BCL2 to MCL1 dependency and induce resistant to venetoclax, we stably overexpressed MCL1 in the KMS12PE BCL2-dependent MM cell line (KMS12PE_MCL1) and examined its sensitivity to venetoclax and/or S63845 relative to control vector (KMS12PE_EV). Of interest, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of BIM in KMS12PE_MCL1 demonstrated a shift in BIM loading and co-IP with MCL1 and BCL2 while it was restricted to BCL2 in KMS12PE_EV cells. Importantly, venetoclax IC50 of KMS12PE_EV increased by 200 folds in KMS12PE_MCL1 cells with acquired sensitivity to S63845. scCNV analysis of one patient did not identify any gain in the 1q locus at the time of disease progression to venetoclax. Mutation analysis however identified a de novo BCL2 mutation [NM_000633.2:c.332A&gt;C, p.(Asp111Ala)]. To determine whether the Asp111Ala mutation alone is sufficient to confer resistance to venetoclax, the mutant was overexpressed in KMS12PE cells. While BIM binding to BCL2 was unaffected, Aps111Ala largely abrogated venetoclax-induced BIM displacement from BCL2 and reduced KMS12PE cells sensitivity to venetoclax by ~7.5 folds. Structure modeling also demonstrated the inability of venotoclax to tightly bind mutant BCL2_Asp111Ala hydrophobic groove. Conclusion: We have discovered and functionally characterized a novel BCL2 mutation that confers in vitro and in vivo resistance to venetoclax-treated MM patients. In addition we have identified through single cell profiling an enrichment of MM clones with MCL1 locus copy number gain at the time of acquired venetoclax resistance. Early detection and dynamic monitoring of these abnormalities (BCL2 mutant or 1q gain) with early therapeutic interventions targeting these clones may enhance venetoclax efficacy and improve patients' survival. Figure Disclosures Neri: Celgene, Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Boise:Genentech Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding. Bahlis:Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria.

Abrantes, E.A., Bellini, B.C., Bernardo, A.N., Fernandes, L.H., Mendonça, M.C., Oliveira, E.P., Queiroz, G.C., Sautter, K.D., Silveira, T.C. & Zeppelini, D. (2010) Synthesis of Brazilian Collembola: an update to the species list. Zootaxa, 2388, 1–22.Ågren, H. (1903) Diagnosen einiger neuen Achorutiden aus Schweden (Vorläufige Mittheilungen). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 24, 126–128.Arlé, R. (1959) Collembola Arthropleona do Brasil oriental e central. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 49, 155–211.Bellinger, P.F., Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (2010) Checklist of the Collembola of the World. Available from: http://www.collembola.org (Accessed 25 November 2010).Bonet, F. (1930) Remarques sur les hypogastruriens cavernicoles avec descriptions d’espèces nouvelles (Collembola). Eos Madrid, 6, 113–139.Börner, C. (1906) Das System der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums. Mitteilungen aus den Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 23, 147–188.Cassagnau, P. & Rapoport, E.H. (1962) Collemboles d’Amérique du Sud, I Poduromorphes. Biologie de la Amérique Australe, 1, 139–184.Denis, J.R. (1931) Collemboles de Costa Rica avec une contribution au spèces d’lordre. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Facoltà Agraria in Portici, 25, 69–170.Fernandes, L.H. & Mendonça, M.C. (2004) Collembola Poduromorpha do litoral de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 15–25.Massoud, Z. (1967) Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles Poduromorphes à pièces buccales modifiées. Biologie de l'Amérique Australe, Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Volume III, Paris, pp.7–399.Mendonça, M.C. & Fernandes, L.H. (1997) A new genus of Brachystomellinae from Brazil (Collembola: Neanuridae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, nova seérie, zoologia, Rio de Janeiro, 379, 1–7.Najt, J. & Massoud, Z. (1974) Contribution à l’étude des Brachystomellinae (Insectes, Collemboles). I.—Nouvelles espèces récoltées en Argentine. Revue d’Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 11 (3), 367–372.Najt, J. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (1986) Nuevos Brachystomellinae de Mexico (Collembola, Neanuridae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, 3 (4), 457–471.Najt, J. & Weiner, W.M. (1996) Geographical distribution of Brachystomellinae (Collembola: Neanuridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 72 (2), 61–69.Najt, J., Weiner, W.M. & Grandcolas, P. (2005) Phylogeny of the Brachystomellidae (Collembola) — were the mandibles ancestrally absent and did they re-appear in this family? Zoologica Scripta, 34, 305–312.Rapoport, E.H. & Rubio, I. (1963) Fauna collembologica de Chili. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas, 9, 95–124.Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembolen der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149–216.Weiner, W.M. & Najt, J. (2001) Species of Brachystomella (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from the Neotropical region. European Journal of Entomology, 98 (3), 387–413.Wray, D.L. (1953) New Collembola from Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 37 (2), 140–150.

Introduction: Ixodes tropicalis is a little-known tick species reported parasitizing wild rodents only in Colombia and Perú.Objective: To report a case of I. tropicalis infesting a human in the south of the metropolitan area of the Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia, Colombia, and to report the molecular detection of Rickettsia bellii in this species.Materials and methods: The tick was identified using a morphological key and sequencing of tick mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Additionally, bacterial and protozoa pathogens were evaluated using PCR for the detection of Rickettsia spp., family Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia spp., and piroplasmid.Results: We identified the tick as an I. tropicalis female according to Kohls, 1956, description and to partial 16S rRNA sequences showing a minimum of 5% divergencies compared to Ixodes sequences. We also detected the gltA gene of R. bellii in the tick with 99.87% of identity.Conclusion: This is the first report in Colombia of a species of the Ixodes genus parasitizing a human and the first report of the detection of R. bellii in this tick species.

We consider the one-parameter family of linear operators that A. Belleni Morante recently introduced and calledB-bounded semigroups. We first determine all the properties possessed by a couple(A,B)of operators if they generate aB-bounded semigroup(Y(t))t≥0. Then we determine the simplest further property of the couple(A,B)which can assure the existence of aC0-semigroup(T(t))t≥0such that for allt≥0,f∈D(B)we can writeY(t)f=T(t)Bf. Furthermore, we compare our result with the previous ones and finally we show how our method allows to improve the theory developed by Banasiak for solving implicit evolution equations.

SUMMARYIntraerythrocytic parasites (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) of the South American mouse opossum (Thylamys elegans) from Chile, South America, and of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) from Australia were found to be monophyletic using SSU rDNA and partial LSU rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed both species within the family Sarcocystidae. These intraerythrocytic parasites of marsupials represent an as yet unnamed genus predicted to have bisporocystic oocysts and tetrazoic sporocysts, which is a characteristic feature of all members of the family Sarcocystidae. These results show that erythrocytic parasites share a common ancestor and suggest co-evolution with their vertebrate host.

ABSTRACTIn a consumer trial the assessments of 874 cooks and 5034 family members were analysed. Forty-one boar and 40 barrow carcasses were selected in a commercial abattoir so that the two sexes were similar in carcass weight, fat thickness and muscle pH. A boar sample including a higher proportion of tainted carcasses was selected. It was divided into three boar taint-level subgroups according to their 5a-androst- 16-ene-3-one (androstenone) concentration in fat (Jig androstenone per g fat) as follows: L < 0·5 (no. = 17), M 0·5 to 1·0 (no. = 13) and H > 1·0 (no. = 11). From each carcass, loin/rib chops were prepared and cooked hams, brine-cured bellies and Spanish dry-cured hams were processed. An analysis of variance was used to estimate the effects of sex and boar taint levels. Cooks (P < 0·05) and family members (P < 0·01) reported a higher level of odour for boar chops. A higher level of unfavourable responses to odour and flavour were found in the H taint-level subgroup. Also, the H taint-level group produced the highest proportion of negative judgements on overall acceptability in comparison with normal purchases. The response of cooks to odour from brine-cured bellies was significantly affected by sex (boar and barrow). For bellies, odour, overall acceptability and comparison with normal purchases were significantly affected by the boar taint-level subgroups (P < 005). The treatments had no significant effect on any quality question related to boar taint in cooked ham. However, boar taint level significantly affected the assessments of flavour and overall acceptability from Spanish dry-cured ham (P < 0·01). A higher proportion of negative responses was found in the H taint-level subgroup. The trial indicates that boar meat can produce an unfavourable response from consumers for fresh meat (chops) or products needing heating prior to consumption (brine-cured bellies). However, in cooked products with hot processing and cold consumption (cooked ham) no negative effect from using boar meat was observed. To produce Spanish dry-cured ham, androstenone quantification should be carried out to avoid consumer dissatisfaction.

The diversity of biologies amongst Australian thrips of the family Aeolothripidae is discussed. In the basal clades of this family species are phytophagous, also sometimes monophagous and univoltine (Cranothrips Bagnall and Cycadothrips Mound). In the most advanced clades, species are obligate predators, often on other thrips species (Franklinothrips Back and Mymarothrips Bagnall), but in the intermediate clades many species are both phytophagous and facultative predators (Aeolothrips Haliday and Desmothrips Hood). Keys are provided to identify the 36 species and 12 genera known from Australia. Of these, 32 species and 5 genera are endemic, and the southern continent relationships of this fauna are discussed. Seven species are newly described: Franklinothrips basseti, with unusual dark forewings, from Queensland; Cranothrips bellisi, the smallest member of this family and with the ovipositor greatly reduced, from the Northern Territory near Darwin; Cycadothrips emmaliami, from Macrozamia reidlei male cones in Western Australia; Desmothrips chirus, a grass-living species with remarkable Chirothrips-like females, from Darwin; D. darwini, a second bicoloured grass-living member of this genus, from Darwin; D. marilynae, in which males have a unique abdominal chaetotaxy, from Western Australia; D. stepheni, with unusually long cephalic setae, from near the Gulf of Carpentaria. Variation in the bicoloured, grass-living species Gelothrips cinctus Hood is discussed, and a Mymarothrips species from Darwin is re-identified as the Indonesian species M. bicolor Strassen.

Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia belong to the family Rickettsiaceae in the order Rickettsiales and have for long been described simply as short, Gram-negative, strict intracellular rods that retain basic fuchsin when stained by the method of Gimenez (Raoult and Roux 1997). These bacteria are associated with ticks, lice, fleas or mites. To date the Rickettsia genus contains 24 recognized species classified into three groups based on their antigenic, morphological, and ecologic patterns: 1) the typhus group, 2) the spotted fever group and 3) Rickettsia bellii (Fournier and Raoult 2007). Most spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are closely associated with ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae (also called “hard” ticks) (Parola et al. 2005). Ticks can act as vectors, reservoirs, and/or amplifiers of SFG rickettsiae and require optimal environmental conditions which determine the geographic distribution of the vectors and consequently the risk areas for rickettsioses. Many Rickettsia species are strictly associated with one genus of ticks and the transmittion to people is made through the tick bite, which generally implies that the Rickettsia can localize to their salivary glands. Therefore, since larvae, nymphs, and adults may all be infective for susceptible vertebrate hosts, the ticks must be regarded as the main reservoir host of rickettsiae. Humans are not considered as good reservoirs for Rickettsiae, as they are seldom infested with ticks for long periods and rickettsiaemia has normally short duration, especially with antibiotic intervention.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

This chapter addresses so-called ‘gynaehorror,’ the type of horror that deals explicitly with female reproductive bodily functions. While first addressing Woolf’s childlessness, the chapter opens with references to the early work of Agnes Varda, Diary of a Pregnant Woman (1958) and One Sings the Other Doesn’t (1977) to then turn to the female version of Rosemary’s Baby with Lyle (Stewart Thorndike, 2014) and Alice Low’s pregnancy-horror film Prevenge (2016). Jennifer Phillips’s film Blood Child (2017) is a chilling story based on true events where a miscarriage is translated into the raising of a ghost child. Furthermore, this chapter looks at complicated mother-daughter relations in Ngozi Onwurah’s The Body Beautiful (1991) and in Deborah Haywood’s Pin Cushion (2017); and at mother-son relations in We Have to talk About Kevin (Lynne Ramsey 2011), Jennifer Kent’s The Babadook (2014) and Goodnight Mommy (Veronika Franz and Severin Fiala 2015). The chapter also discusses some other family relations from hell as depicted Dark Touch (Marina de Van 2013), System Crasher (Nora Fingscheidt 2019) and Family (Veronika Kedar 2017). Lucile Hadžihalilović’s Evolution (2015) takes pregnancy to a post human level and in that sense resonates with some of Butler’s writing, especially her short story ‘Blood Child’.