Academic literature on the topic 'Belongingness to Community'
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Journal articles on the topic "Belongingness to Community"
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Whiteman-Sandland, Jessica, Jemma Hawkins, and Debbie Clayton. "The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 12 (August 23, 2016): 1545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316664132.
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This is the first study to measure the ‘sense of community’ reportedly offered by the CrossFit gym model. A cross-sectional study adapted Social Capital and General Belongingness scales to compare perceptions of a CrossFit gym and a traditional gym. CrossFit gym members reported significantly higher levels of social capital (both bridging and bonding) and community belongingness compared with traditional gym members. However, regression analysis showed neither social capital, community belongingness, nor gym type was an independent predictor of gym attendance. Exercise and health professionals may benefit from evaluating further the ‘sense of community’ offered by gym-based exercise programmes.
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Toikko, Timo, and Aini Pehkonen. "Community belongingness and subjective well-being among unemployed people in a Finnish community." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 9/10 (September 10, 2018): 754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2018-0010.
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Purpose Community belongingness (CB) has been found to be positively associated with subjective well-being (SWB). Scholars have verified this connection with different social groups. In the present study, the authors are interested in the group of unemployed people and compare their situation to employed people. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether a sense of community belonging prevents negative impacts of unemployment on SWB. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a survey conducted in 2016. The data consists of 830 respondents from which 723 had the labor market status (LMS) of employed people and 107 had the LMS of unemployed people. Findings The results of this study show that there are both positive and negative factors which support or weaken CB. Interpersonal trust supports the sense of community belonging of individuals, but loneliness weakens their CB. However, unemployed people have a lower rate of CB and SWB comparing to employed people. Furthermore, CB is positively associated with SWB, but this connection is conditional in order that a high rate of CB buffers the negative impacts of unemployment. Originality/value The study emphasizes the significance of CB as a basis of SWB. On the other hand, the negative impacts of unemployment can be mitigated by supporting integration of unemployed people into social communities. From a sociopolitical view, the results underline the fact that governmental measurements promote the social inclusion of unemployed people.
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Chen, Zhe, Aixin Sun, and Xiaokui Xiao. "Incremental Community Detection on Large Complex Attributed Network." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 15, no. 6 (May 19, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3451216.
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Community detection on network data is a fundamental task, and has many applications in industry. Network data in industry can be very large, with incomplete and complex attributes, and more importantly, growing. This calls for a community detection technique that is able to handle both attribute and topological information on large scale networks, and also is incremental. In this article, we propose inc-AGGMMR, an incremental community detection framework that is able to effectively address the challenges that come from scalability, mixed attributes, incomplete values, and evolving of the network. Through construction of augmented graph, we map attributes into the network by introducing attribute centers and belongingness edges. The communities are then detected by modularity maximization. During this process, we adjust the weights of belongingness edges to balance the contribution between attribute and topological information to the detection of communities. The weight adjustment mechanism enables incremental updates of community membership of all vertices. We evaluate inc-AGGMMR on five benchmark datasets against eight strong baselines. We also provide a case study to incrementally detect communities on a PayPal payment network which contains users with transactions. The results demonstrate inc-AGGMMR’s effectiveness and practicability.
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Logan, Ryan I. "Professionalization as a “Double-Edged Sword”: Assessing the Professional Citizenship of Community Health Workers in the Midwest." Human Organization 80, no. 3 (August 12, 2021): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.192.
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Community health workers improve health and well-being through, most notably, health education, advocacy, and building individual and community capacity. In spite of these contributions to the health care landscape, these workers are not well integrated within the professional workforce throughout much of the United States. Building on the lens of medical citizenship, I introduce the concept of professional citizenship, which elucidates the belongingness of a group within a professional workforce. Drawing on this framing, I detail the lack of professional belongingness among community health workers in Indiana and the emergent issues that arose via professionalization including: the potential creation of a hierarchy, changes to core roles, and the (in)accessibility of the position due to the requirements for the community health worker certification course. Additionally, I situate these issues within race, ethnicity, gender, and class in examining their effects on the professionalization of these workers. The findings presented in this article can be utilized by policymakers, public health programs, and other employing organizations as community health workers undergo professionalization. Given the poor health outcomes in Indiana, these workers are poised to make significant contributions to the health of their communities—with careful consideration for potential ramifications via professionalization.
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Murthy, P. Eshwara. "Community and the Individual: A Note on Rohinton Mistry's Family Matters." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i4.8497.
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Rohinton Mistry was born in 1952 in Mumbai, but settled in Canada, is a well known contemporary postcolonial writer. His novels portray modern India, focusing on conflicting situations and redemptive moments. His works Such a Long Journey (1991) A Fine Balance (1996) and Family Matters (2002) emphasize poverty, corruption and injustice intertwined with humour and tragic beauty highlighting the perception of life of the urban poor. Mistry uses both myriad and mixed experiences of a particular family to present the brokenness of modern society which is compounded by various and different memories and feelings. The paper throws light on community and the individual in Family Matters, it was published in 2002, and is Mistry’s third novel. It has been rightly acclaimed as a masterpiece and also shortlisted for Man Booker Prize in 2003. The writer’s humanity and compassion towards human beings relations and problems have been delicately portrayed. Rohinton Mistry’s Family Matters focuses upon the problems of un- belongingness and preservation of family values. The novel reveals the mutual equation of family members and family politics in the post modern society. The novelist delineates the importance of belongingness and preservation of family values through the most trustworthy institution named family and reflects the psychological stance of the members of family towards their aging and dying elders. The novel is a representation of harsh realities and selfish human nature of the characters who expresses the status of an individual in relation to family, community and society.
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Hughey, Joseph B., and John W. Bardo. "Social Psychological Dimensions of Community Satisfaction and Quality of Life: Some Obtained Relations." Psychological Reports 61, no. 1 (August 1987): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.239.
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This study examined relations between dimensions of community satisfaction and perceived quality of life among residents of a southeastern United States (US) community. A random sample of 250 persons was interviewed using the Community Satisfaction Scale and a measure of over-all life quality. Two factors representing domains of community satisfaction. relevant to participants were positively and significantly related to perceptions of quality of life. Perceptions of care for community by others/institutions and belongingness/quality of community life were the best predictors. Results suggest the importance of social relations in community satisfaction and quality of life relationships. Implications for generalization of community satisfaction constructs across settings and to studies of planning and community change are discussed.
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Baker-Eveleth, Lori J., Yunhyung Chung, Daniel M. Eveleth, and Michele O'Neill. "Developing A Community Of Practice Through Learning Climate, Leader Support, And Leader Interaction." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 4, no. 2 (February 21, 2011): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v4i2.3560.
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The Communities of Practice (CoP) concept and the knowledge management literature both provide useful frameworks for conceptualizing how an individual’s performance in the classroom (e.g., earning a grade) or in an organization (e.g., solving a client’s problem) can be supported by a collection of other individuals performing similar tasks and pursuing similar goals. When individuals in a CoP report high levels of meaning, involvement, identification, and belongingness to the community (Wenger, 1998) the individuals act “as resources to each other exchanging information, making sense of situations, sharing new tricks and new ideas, as well as keeping each other company and spicing up each other’s working days” (Wenger, 1998, p. 47). In this paper, we report the results of a study that identifies three factors (learning climate, leader support and leader interaction) that impact the development of a CoP. Specifically, among a sample of 94 undergraduate business students in two cohort groups participating in a year-long program, we found that meaning and involvement were related to leader interaction in a positive manner, identification was related to leader support and CoP climate in a positive manner, and belongingness was related to leader support and leader interaction in a positive manner. Implications are presented for practitioners and educators who wish to facilitate the development of a Community of Practice.
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Wilkens, Jill. "Loneliness and Belongingness in Older Lesbians: The Role of Social Groups as “Community”." Journal of Lesbian Studies 19, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2015.960295.
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Snyder, Deirdre G., and Kevin P. Newman. "Reducing consumer loneliness through brand communities." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-04-2018-2657.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of belonging to brand communities in improving consumer well-being and brand evaluations. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were conducted. Study 1 manipulates the framing of a brand to be either socially- or product-oriented and measures brand community joining intentions based on underlying levels of consumer loneliness and need to belong. Study 2 manipulates feelings of belongingness with a brand community and measures its impact on relatedness satisfaction, state loneliness and brand evaluations. Findings Study 1 finds that lonely consumers with a high need to belong are more likely to express intentions to join a brand community when it is socially-oriented. Study 2 finds that belonging to a brand community improves relatedness satisfaction which, in turn, reduces state loneliness and improves brand evaluations. Practical implications This research has significant implications for marketing practitioners who are looking to foster relationships among consumers in the form of brand communities, especially given the positive impact of these communities on consumer well-being. These findings suggest that marketers should create brand communities that foster a social (rather than product) focus to create a sense of belongingness with the brand and among its community members, and that doing so can improve relatedness satisfaction needs and reduce consumer loneliness. Originality/value This research contributes to the growing literature on consumer loneliness and is among the first to identify the positive psychological outcomes of socially-oriented brand communities on loneliness.
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Campos, Rui C., and Ronald R. Holden. "Testing a Theory-Based Model of Suicidality in a Community Sample." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 74, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815598428.
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The aim of the present study is to test a theory-based model of suicide in a low-risk nonclinical sample. A community sample of convenience of 200 adults, 102 men and 98 women, responded to the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale, the Psychache Scale, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire Revised. The hypothesized structural equation model, including trait dimensions of self-criticism and neediness, and state dimensions of depression, psychache, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness, fit the observed data well and significantly explained 49% of the variance of suicidality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Belongingness to Community"
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Willmore, Sharman Empson. "Healthy Communities: The role of neighborhood support, safety, and belongingness as predictors of physical and mental health of Appalachians." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428068635.
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Chang, Edward C., Emma R. Kahle, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Understanding How Domestic Abuse Is Associated With Greater Depressive Symptoms in a Community Sample of Female Primary Care Patients: Does Loss of Belongingness Matter?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/665.
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This study examined the relationship between domestic abuse, belongingness, and depressive symptoms in a community sample of 71 female primary care patients. As expected, domestic abuse was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Results from conducting mediation analyses, including bootstrapping techniques, provided strong convergent support for a model in which the hypothesized effect of domestic abuse on depressive symptoms in women is mediated by a loss of belongingness. Noteworthy, even after controlling for content overlap between measures of belongingness and depressive symptoms, the mediation model remained significant. Some implications of the present findings are discussed.
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Kennedy, Neil Patrick Martyn. "Employing Cornish cultures for community resilience." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12641.
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Employing Cornish Cultures for Community Resilience. Can cultural distinctiveness be used to strengthen community bonds, boost morale and equip and motivate people socially and economically? Using the witness of people in Cornwall and comparative experiences, this discussion combines a review of how cultures are commodified and portrayed with reflections on well-being and ‘emotional prosperity’. Cornwall is a relatively poor European region with a cultural identity that inspires an established ethno-cultural movement and is the symbolic basis of community awareness and aspiration, as well as the subject of contested identities and representations. At the heart of this is an array of cultures that is identified as Cornish, including a distinct post-industrial inheritance, the Cornish Language and Celtic Revivalism. Cultural difference has long been a resource for cultural industries and tourism and discussion of using culture for regeneration has accordingly concentrated almost exclusively on these sectors but an emergent ‘regional distinctiveness agenda’ is beginning to present Cornish cultures as an asset for use in branding and marketing other sectors. All of these uses ultimately involve commodification but culture potentially has a far wider role to play in fostering economic, social, cultural and environmental resilience. This research therefore uses multidisciplinary approaches to broaden the discussion to include culture’s primary emotional and social uses. It explores the possibility that enhancing these uses could help to tackle economic and social disadvantage and to build more cohesive communities. The discussion centres on four linked themes: multiple forms of capital; discourse, narrative and myth; human need, emotion and well-being; representation and intervention. Cultural, social, symbolic and human capital are related to collective status and well-being through consideration of cultural practices, repertoires and knowledge. These are explored with discussion of accompanying representations and discourses and their social, emotional and economic implications so as to allow tentative suggestions for intervention in policy and representation. A key conclusion is that culture may be used proactively to increase ‘emotional capital’.
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Morujão, Inês Abranches de Sousa. "O efeito mediador das necessidades interpessoais frustradas na relação entre traços borderline de personalidade e comportamentos autolesivos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30094.
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Os traços borderline de personalidade constituem um fator de risco para comportamentos autolesivos. As necessidades interpessoais frustradas, conceptualizadas pela Teoria Interpessoal do Suicídio, podem contribuir para compreender esta relação. O objetivo desta investigação foi estudar o efeito mediador dos sentimentos de não pertença e perceção de ser um fardo, na relação entre traços borderline e comportamentos autolesivos, numa amostra comunitária de 414 adultos. Testaram-se três modelos de mediação, através de path analysis por Modelação de Equações Estruturais. Verificou-se que a perceção de ser um fardo medeia parcialmente a relação entre traços borderline e comportamentos autolesivos, enquanto que os sentimentos de não pertença apresentam apenas um efeito indireto nos comportamentos autolesivos através da perceção de ser um fardo. Estes resultados demonstram que a Teoria Interpessoal do Suicídio contribui, parcialmente, para a compreensão da relação entre traços borderline e comportamentos autolesivos. Algumas limitações, implicações práticas e direções para estudos futuros, são discutidas; The mediating effect of thwarted interpersonal needs in the relationship between borderline personality traits and self-harm behaviors
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Borderline personality traits are a risk factor for self-harm behaviors. Thwarted interpersonal needs, conceptualized by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, can contribute to the understanding of this relationship. The aim of this investigation was to study the mediating effect of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, in the relationship between borderline traits and self-harm behavior, in a community sample of 414 adults. Three mediation models were tested through path analysis by Structural Equation Modeling. It was found that perceived burdensomeness partially mediates the relationship between borderline traits and self-harm behaviors, while thwarted belongingness only has an indirect effect on self-harm behaviors through perceived burdensomeness. These results show that the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide partially contributes to the understanding of the relationship between borderline traits and self-harm behaviors. Some limitations, practical implications and future directions are also discussed.
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"社群归属感、生活形态与忠诚度：高净值社群运营的关键影响因素研究 ——以上海嘉庭俱乐部为例." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53537.
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abstract: 随着中国经济过去30多年的高速发展，出现了一大批的高收入人群，他们更注重生活的品质，如追求自然、简约、低调的休闲生活方式，更看重健康生活、自身的身心修养，和提高自身修养的内涵式生活，以及注重子女的内涵气质教育。
同时，具有很强烈地获得心理认同的需求，参加各种以消费和交往为媒介和主体活动的社群或“社交圈子”，在心理和情感上自我获得与其在财富、生活方式以及生活品位等诸方面都类似的群体间的身份认同感和归属感；更看着与其社会阶层相匹配的身份地位、社交人脉、兴趣爱好等。
因此，从运营的角度来看，如何增加上述这些高净值人群对高净值社群的归属感，进而提高其对高净值社群的忠诚度，是高净值社群进一步可持续经营和发展的基石。本研究以上海嘉庭俱乐部为例，在对问卷调查的基础上，通过实证研究，探讨影响高净值社群归属感与忠诚度的关键因素，高净值社群中会员的归属感与忠诚度的关系，会员生活型态的差异使得归属感与忠诚度的影响关系呈现显著的不同。
实证研究表明，“时尚流行”会员较为理性，其更注重休闲风尚；而“优雅休闲与享受尊荣”的会员则偏感性，其相当注重心灵感受与宁静舒适的感觉，强调全家共享以及纯封闭式的会员享受，能够更多地认识到与个人品味和品位相同的人，如对生活品质的追求、价值观、子女教育等；内心更开放、所接受教育程度更高的家庭，在嘉庭会感受到的归属感意识更高、其忠诚度也更高。Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019
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Chung, Wu-Chung, and 鍾武中. "Impact of participation of volunteer on social relationship, self-awareness of social support and belongingness for groups - An example from community development associations in Taoyuan City." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5dyct2.
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碩士東海大學
社會工作學系
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Most of people spend much of their retirements participating in voluntary work. Being as a volunteer is an important role to the elder. By interacting with others, sharing information, and having affection towards once another, the interpersonal relationships, self-awareness of social support, and a sense of belonging of the elder have been enhanced while participating in voluntary work. It’s essential to know whether the differences between personalities and in voluntary service experience have impacts on the above aspects and whether the impacts are predictable or not. The object of this study is the elder from Community Development Associations in Taoyuan City. The main purpose of this research is to find out whether the differences between personalities and in voluntary service experience play an important part in interpersonal relationships, self-awareness of social support, and a sense of belonging of the elder, as well as to explore whether there is a way of providing a better environment in practice for the elder who would like to participate in social work. This research take the following factors as the variables: personal details, experience in voluntary work, three factors in interpersonal relationship, three factors in self-awareness of social support, and three factors in a sense of belonging. Conducted surveys among the elder of 573 from Community Development Associations in Taoyuan City starting from February 2, 2015 to February 27, 2015. 667 questionnaires were sent out in total, and 661 were returned; therefore, the overall response rate is 91.6%. 22 of the 661 questionnaires were not finished, and 16 of the participants didn’t have any experience in voluntary work, and thus they were regarded as invalid questionnaires. Based on the analysis of the questionnaires, there were 573 valid questionnaires. The effective response rate is 85.9% of the questionnaires sent out, and 93.8% of the total returned questionnaire. According to the statics and the analysis of this survey, the conclusions are indicated below: 1. Traits of the elder from Community Development Associations and the overall situation of participation in voluntary work 2. How personal conditions and voluntary service experience influence interpersonal relationship of the elder 3. How personal conditions and voluntary service experience influence self-awareness of social support of the elder 4. How personal conditions and voluntary service experience influence the sense of belonging of the elder As a result of the analysis, here are some suggestions: 1. Pay attention to the elder’s needs of information and interaction among peers a. Provide voluntary work that allows the elder to build relationship with others b. Offer more opportunity for the elder to share information and show care to one another c. Create an environment in which people are will to give compliments and show respect to one another 2. Suggestions to the Community Development Associations - develop and enhance the ability to manage volunteers a. Create an atmosphere of friendliness and warmth inside workplace b. Develop the ability to promote the coherence within the group and strengthen the group dynamics c. Increase the incentives to encourage the elder to volunteer 3. Suggestions to the Central Competent Authorities a. Increase participation in professional social work b. Put a value on the profession in the social work Key words: Community Development Association, the elder, interpersonal relationship, self-awareness of social support, a sense of belonging
Book chapters on the topic "Belongingness to Community"
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"The Interpersonal is the Political: The Role of Social Belongingness in Emotional Experience and Political Orientation." In Emotions, Community, and Citizenship, 154–75. University of Toronto Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442663022-009.
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Khanikar, Santana. "The Making of an Authority." In State, Violence, and Legitimacy in India, 218–38. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199485550.003.0009.
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This chapter examines how the everyday social life of contemporary Lakhipathar is shaped and influenced by its extraordinary past of violence. Examining the place of the army in the present, it analyses what ‘peace’ and ‘normalcy’ mean in contemporary Lakhipathar and how notions of community and belongingness, right and wrong are conceptualized in the shadow of an armed force. The chapter brings up parallels between the period when ULFA was uncontested and was seen as the authority in Lakhipathar, and the contemporary period, when the army’s existence in Lakhipathar has come to be accepted as part of the regular, and as contributory to the civic life the people, by using examples from sport, culture and community life. The chapter draws on ethnographic field material, both in the form of narratives and field observations.
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Cury, Emily. "Advocating for the Muslim Ummah." In Claiming Belonging, 116–42. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753596.003.0007.
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This chapter provides answers to the important question on why Muslim American interest groups continue to lobby on issues related to US foreign policy following 9/11. It describes the US Muslim organizations' foreign policy activism that contradict their interests and fuel perceptions of Muslims as outsiders concerned with the interests of other nations. It also shows how foreign policy activism is seen as a means through which US Muslim organizations communicate their belongingness to America. The chapter talks about the Muslims in the United States who say they feel a strong sense of belonging to the ummah, the global Muslim community. It explains that for Muslims the sense of belonging can be to a country of origin, but it is mostly to the larger, global Muslim community and to the religious symbols of Islam.
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Boston, Colette M. "Achievement, Racial Identity, and Connectedness." In Creating Caring and Supportive Educational Environments for Meaningful Learning, 183–98. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5748-7.ch010.
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Literature suggests African American students' racial identity impacts their feelings of belongingness to the school community as well as academic achievement. Researchers, however, have argued that racial identity impairs or promotes student achievement. This study examined the effects of the individual components of racial identity (centrality, regard, and ideology) and sense of belonging on the academic achievement of 105 African American high school students. Quantitative analysis revealed centrality as the sole predictor of sense of belonging for males and a positive relationship between sense of belonging and centrality and private regard in females. These findings support the significance of positive student-teacher relationships as well as the importance of schools cultivating a culture of acceptance of all students.
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Boston, Colette M. "Achievement, Racial Identity, and Connectedness." In Research Anthology on Empowering Marginalized Communities and Mitigating Racism and Discrimination, 1253–68. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8547-4.ch061.
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Literature suggests African American students' racial identity impacts their feelings of belongingness to the school community as well as academic achievement. Researchers, however, have argued that racial identity impairs or promotes student achievement. This study examined the effects of the individual components of racial identity (centrality, regard, and ideology) and sense of belonging on the academic achievement of 105 African American high school students. Quantitative analysis revealed centrality as the sole predictor of sense of belonging for males and a positive relationship between sense of belonging and centrality and private regard in females. These findings support the significance of positive student-teacher relationships as well as the importance of schools cultivating a culture of acceptance of all students.
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Arora, Gunjan Chawla. "The Problem of Climate-Induced Displacement." In Interdisciplinary Approaches to Public Policy and Sustainability, 67–82. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0315-7.ch004.
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The members of a community owe their identity to the State to which they belong which inculcates a sense of belongingness to their own community, people, and land. The loss of identity to a State due to disruptive climate change is a fear in this century. Excessive utilization and consumption of fossil fuels and non-renewable energy sources across the globe have caused unprecedented increase in global temperatures. Sudden incidents of unprecedented floods on Bhola Islands in Bangladesh, or the disappearance of the Kiribati and Lohachara Islands due to rising sea-level have forced communities to flee their own country. This has raised questions about the status of such climate migrants. Media reports have designated them as “climate refugees.” But are they really refugees? The research aims at understanding the nexus between climate change and mass displacement of communities, the status of such migrants and the International legal framework on the status of such migrants.