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Journal articles on the topic 'Below and Above rated speed of wind'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sulata, Bhandari* Dr. Tilak Thakur Dr. Jagdish Kumar. "IMPLEMENTING FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR WIND TURBINE CONTROL FOR ALL WIND SPEEDS --WITH REDUCED FUZZY RULE SET." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 4, no. 9 (2017): 36–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.886925.

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To extract maximum power, at below rated speed of wind, the speed of the generator rotor is adjusted for maximum power extraction. But for higher wind speed, however the output power is monitored and controlled at rated power by pitch angle adjustments. In this paper attempt has been made to design and implement a fuzzy controller, which is applicable for both below rated wind speed region as well as above that. It is proposed and shown that how framing control rules using only the desired extremity conditions helps attaining the desired result with a reduced rule set, making it easy for furth

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Rajendran, Saravanakumar, and Debashisha Jena. "Control of Variable Speed Variable Pitch Wind Turbine at Above and Below Rated Wind Speed." Journal of Wind Energy 2014 (October 22, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709128.

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The paper presents a nonlinear approach to wind turbine (WT) using two-mass model. The main aim of the controller in the WT is to maximize the energy output at varying wind speed. In this work, a combination of linear and nonlinear controllers is adapted to variable speed variable pitch wind turbines (VSVPWT) system. The major operating regions of the WT are below (region 2) and above rated (region 3) wind speed. In these regions, generator torque control (region 2) and pitch control (region 3) are used. The controllers in WT are tested for below and above rated wind speed for step and vertica

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3

Meng, Fanzhong, Wai Hou Lio, and Gunner Chr Larsen. "Wind turbine LIDAR-assisted control: Power improvement, wind coherence and loads reduction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 2 (2022): 022060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022060.

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Abstract This paper aims to firstly review various LIDAR-assisted wind turbine control methods proposed in the past ten years for improving power production in the below rated wind speed region in order to clarify their performance and quantify the potential benefits and drawbacks of LIDAR-assisted control. Secondly, a new LIDAR-assisted control algorithm based on Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) using LIDAR preview information for tracking the optimal power coefficient value is presented and compared to the traditional control strategy. The results show that the newly proposed LIDAR-assisted co

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Rajendran, Saravanakumar, and Debashisha Jena. "Load Mitigation and Optimal Power Capture for Variable Speed Wind Turbine in Region 2." Journal of Renewable Energy 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/978216.

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This paper proposes the two nonlinear controllers for variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) operating at below rated wind speed. The objective of the controller is to maximize the energy capture from the wind with reduced oscillation on the drive train. The conventional controllers such as aerodynamic torque feedforward (ATF) and indirect speed control (ISC) are adapted initially, which introduce more power loss, and the dynamic aspects of WT are not considered. In order to overcome the above drawbacks, modified nonlinear static state with feedback estimator (MNSSFE) and terminal sliding mode con

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McNerney, G. "Unintended Stalling of the USW 56-100 During Optimum Pitch Control Operation." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 3 (1994): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930075.

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The U.S. Windpower 56-100 is a three-bladed, free yaw wind turbine, using full span blade pitch control for power regulation. It is theoretically possible to increase the energy capture of the 56-100 by adjusting the blade angle to the optimum pitch angle on a continuing basis at below rated speeds. This concept was field tested on the 56-100, but it was found that the optimum pitch control logic opens a pathway for the 56-100 to fall into stall operation when the winds are above the rated wind speed. The 56-100 then operates as a stall-regulated wind turbine with an overall reduction of energ

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Yuan, Chenyang, Jing Li, Jianyun Chen, Qiang Xu, and Yunfei Xie. "Study on the Influence of Baseline Control System on the Fragility of Large-Scale Wind Turbine considering Seismic-Aerodynamic Combination." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (April 16, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8471761.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the baseline control system (BCS) on the fragility of large-scale wind turbine when seismic and wind actions are considered simultaneously. The BCS is used to control the power output by regulating rotor speed and blade-pitch angle in real time. In this study, the fragility analysis was performed and compared between two models using different peak ground acceleration, wind speeds, and specified critical levels. The fragility curves with different wind conditions are obtained using the multiple stripe analysis (MSA) method. The calculation

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Reddy, Yiza-srikanth, and Sung-ho Hur. "Comparison of Optimal Control Designs for a 5 MW Wind Turbine." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188774.

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Optimal controllers, namely Model Predictive Control (MPC), H∞ Control (H∞), and Linear Quadratic Gaussian control (LQG), are designed for a 5 MW horizontal-axis variable-speed wind turbine. The control design models required as part of the optimal control design are obtained by using a high fidelity aeroelastic model (i.e., DNV Bladed). The optimal controllers are eventually designed in three operating modes: below-rated, just below-rated, and above rated-wind speeds, based on linearized control design models. The linearized models are reduced by using a model reduction technique to facilitat

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Kim, Hyungyu, Kwansu Kim, Carlo Bottasso, Filippo Campagnolo, and Insu Paek. "Wind Turbine Wake Characterization for Improvement of the Ainslie Eddy Viscosity Wake Model." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102823.

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This paper presents a modified version of the Ainslie eddy viscosity wake model and its accuracy by comparing it with selected exiting wake models and wind tunnel test results. The wind tunnel test was performed using a 1.9 m rotor diameter wind turbine model operating at a tip speed ratio similar to that of modern megawatt wind turbines. The control algorithms for blade pitch and generator torque used for below and above rated wind speed regions similar to those for multi-MW wind turbines were applied to the scaled wind turbine model. In order to characterize the influence of the wind turbine

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Cioni, Stefano, Francesco Papi, Emanuele Cocchi, and Alessandro Bianchini. "UNICO: an open-source controller optimized for stall-regulated wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 3 (2024): 032004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032004.

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Abstract Stall regulation turbines still represent the preferred solution for small wind turbines. In stall-controlled rotors the controller plays a key role but, differently from pitch-based ones, no open-source controller was available to date. The study presents the UNICO (UNIfi research COntroller) controller, which has been specifically developed for variable speed stall-regulated turbines. The controller has been developed in MATLAB® Simulink® and a dynamic link library (.dll) has been generated, which can be coupled with common simulation codes such as OpenFAST and QBlade using a Bladed

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Mann, Jakob, Alfredo Peña, Niels Troldborg, and Søren J. Andersen. "How does turbulence change approaching a rotor?" Wind Energy Science 3, no. 1 (2018): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-293-2018.

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Abstract. For load calculations on wind turbines it is usually assumed that the turbulence approaching the rotor does not change its statistics as it goes through the induction zone. We investigate this assumption using a nacelle-mounted forward-looking pulsed lidar that measures low-frequency wind fluctuations simultaneously at distances between 0.5 and 3 rotor diameters upstream. The measurements show that below rated wind speed the low-frequency wind variance is reduced by up to 10 % at 0.5 rotor diameters upstream and above rated enhanced by up to 20 %. A quasi-steady model that takes into

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Liu, Yang, and Richard J. A. M. Stevens. "Turbulence coherence in wind farms: The role of turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 9 (2024): 092108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092108.

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Abstract Models for wind farm power fluctuations primarily focus on the impact of atmospheric turbulence. We employ large eddy simulations (LES) to demonstrate that dynamic changes in thrust (CT ) and power (CP ) coefficient affect the coherence of power fluctuations in turbine pairs. We consider various inflow wind speeds to examine the velocity and power coherence between consecutive turbine rows under three scenarios: (I) a fully developed region where all turbines operate below rated power, (II) the front row operates above rated power while the downstream row operates below rated power, a

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Chen, Jian, Wenyong Duan, Xiaodong Yang, et al. "Overall Adaptive Controller Design of PMSG Under Whole Wind Speed Range: A Perturbation Compensation Based Approach." Processes 7, no. 10 (2019): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100732.

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This paper proposes an adaptive overall control strategy of the permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) in the whole wind speed range. For the machine side, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation is realized by stator current and mechanical rotation speed control under below-rated wind speeds. Under above-rated wind speeds, the extracted wind power is limited via pitch control. For the grid side, the reactive and active power injected into grid is regulated by DC-Link voltage and grid current control loop. In addition, under grid voltage dip

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Sahin, M., and T. Farsadi. "Effects of Atmospheric Icing on Performance of Controlled Wind Turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1121, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1121/1/012011.

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Abstract Icing deteriorates the performance of wind turbine rotors by changing the blade airfoils’ shapes. It decreases the lift, increases the drag, and subsequently causes power production losses and load increase on turbines’ structures. In the present study, the effects of atmospheric icing on the performance of a controlled large-scale wind turbine is estimated through simulations. To achieve the target, the MS (Mustafa Sahin) Bladed Wind Turbine Simulation Model is used for the analyses of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW turbine with and without iced blades. Icing mo

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Thedin, R., J. Kreeft, G. Barter, J. Jonkman, and K. Shaler. "Impact of wake steering on loads of downstream wind turbines at an above-rated condition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 3 (2024): 032020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032020.

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Abstract Wake steering strategies often seek to gain power at the expense of increased fatigue loads. Here, we investigate the feasibility of applying wake steering at an above-rated condition. In such a condition, the farm is operating at rated power, and thus, increased power output is not the goal. Instead, wake steering is considered in the context of load reduction. We perform a sweep of wind directions and yaw misalignment angles, ranging from negative to positive values. This approach allows us to obtain trends and identify asymmetries in turbine response for symmetric scenarios. We use

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Suzuki, Hiroki, Oluwasola O. D. Afolabi, and Yutaka Hasegawa. "Rotational speed characteristics of load torque to extend the operable tip speed ratio range for fixed pitch wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3027, no. 1 (2025): 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012059.

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Abstract This study explored the effective operational range of fixed pitch wind turbines by focusing on extending the lower end of tip speed ratios. We investigated how these kinds of wind turbines perform under higher-than-rated wind speeds by analysing the load torque characteristics of the generator using numerical and mathematical methods. The core analysis involved non-dimensional governing equations, assessing the variation of the aerodynamic torque coefficient as a function of the tip speed ratio. Utilising data from two previous studies, the distribution of aerodynamic torque coeffici

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Stol, Karl A., Wenxin Zhao, and Alan D. Wright. "Individual Blade Pitch Control for the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART)." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 4 (2006): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349542.

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Pitching the individual blades of a horizontal-axis wind turbine allows control of asymmetric aerodynamic loads, which in turn influences structural loads in the nonrotating frame such as tower side-side bending. These loads are not easily controlled by traditional collective pitch algorithms. This paper presents the design of individual pitch control systems for implementation on the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) in Colorado to verify controller performance for load attenuation. The control designs are based on linear time-periodic state-space models of the turbine and use optimal

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17

Guggeri, Andrés, and Martín Draper. "Large Eddy Simuation of an Onshore Wind Farm with the Actuator Line Model Including Wind Turbine’s Control Below and Above Rated Wind Speed." Energies 12, no. 18 (2019): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183508.

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As the size of wind turbines increases and their hub heights become higher, which partially explains the vertiginous increase of wind power worldwide in the last decade, the interaction of wind turbines with the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and between each other is becoming more complex. There are different approaches to model and compute the aerodynamic loads, and hence the power production, on wind turbines subject to ABL inflow conditions ranging from the classical Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method to Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approaches. Also, modern multi-MW wind turbines h

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18

Subudhi, Bidyadhar, and Pedda Suresh Ogeti. "Sliding mode approach to torque and pitch control for an wind energy system using FPGA." Archives of Control Sciences 22, no. 3 (2012): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10170-011-0025-z.

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Abstract Wind energy, being a fluctuating resource, requires a tight control management to ensure stability when integrated with the grid system. This has triggered interest towards developing advanced controllers. Hence this paper presents the study of a variable speed wind energy conversion system that uses a Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Above rated wind speed, pitch control has been applied and below the rated speed torque control has been adopted. Generator torque control is able to reduce the effects of the pitch actuator limitations. Sliding mode control is applied for torque a

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Fontanella, Alessandro, Elio Daka, Felipe Novais, and Marco Belloli. "Controller design for model-scale rotors and validation using prescribed motion." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 9 (2023): 1351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1351-2023.

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Abstract. Aerodynamic-load calculation in aero-hydro-servo-elastic modeling tools has been recently validated against experiments for low-frequency platform motions but without considering the capability of active wind turbine controls. This work presents a control design framework that allows for including industry-standard wind turbine control functionalities in a model-scale rotor and its application to a 1:100 scaled version of the International Energy Agency (IEA) 15 MW turbine. Wind tunnel tests with a fixed foundation and steady wind show the scaled turbine reproduces the steady-state r

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Ranka, Preeti, Laura Valldecabres, Sebastian Schafhirt, and Wim Bierbooms. "Extreme wind speed ramp events: A measurement-based approach for improving the modelling of ultimate loads for wind turbine design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 3 (2022): 032042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032042.

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Abstract Ramp events, i.e., significant changes in wind speed in a short time period, have become critically important to end-users. However, only a few studies address their impact on wind turbine loads. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these results have not yet been validated with measurements. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of extreme wind speed ramps on ultimate wind turbine loads using eight months of offshore measurements. We also compare the measured loads with simulations following the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) extreme turbulence model

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Doubrawa, Paula, Kelsey Shaler, and Jason Jonkman. "Difference in load predictions obtained with effective turbulence vs. a dynamic wake meandering modeling approach." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 9 (2023): 1475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1475-2023.

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Abstract. According to the international standard for wind turbine design, the effects of wind turbine wakes on structural loads can be considered in two ways: (1) by augmenting the ambient turbulence levels with the effective turbulence model (EFF) and then calculating the resulting loads and (2) by performing dynamic wake meandering (DWM) simulations, which compute wake effects and loads for all turbines on a farm at once. There is no definitive answer in scientific literature as to the consequences of choosing one model over the other, but the two approaches are unarguably very different. T

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Chojaa, Hamid, Aziz Derouich, Mohammed Taoussi, et al. "Nonlinear Control Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of DFIG-Based WECS under a Real Wind Profile." Energies 15, no. 18 (2022): 6650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186650.

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Wind speed variations affect the performance of the wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) negatively. This paper addressed an advanced law of the backstepping controller (ABC) for enhancing the integration of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based grid-connected WECS under wind range of wind speed. This enhancement was achieved through three control schemes, which were blade pitch control, rotor-side control, and grid-side control. The blade pitch control was presented to adjust the wind turbine speed when the wind speed exceeds its rated value. In addition, the rotor and grid-side conve

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Kakuya, Hiromu, Shigeo Yoshida, Iku Sato, and Tomoaki Utsunomiya. "Proposal for a lower limit control of a generator’s torque based on the nacelle wind speed and demonstration results using a full-scale spar-type floating offshore wind turbine." Wind Engineering 44, no. 6 (2019): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x19862754.

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Among the issues of floating offshore wind turbines are the platform-pitching vibrations generated by blade pitch angle motions of the variable speed control. Control of blade pitch angle based on the platform-pitching motion (floating platform vibration control) can suppress these vibrations. This study investigates the impact of floating platform vibration control on variable speed control and the generator torque control, which control interferences cause the fluctuation of generator speed and platform-pitching angle at the transition region between below and above rated operating condition

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Sitharthan, R., and M. Geethanjali. "An adaptive Elman neural network with C-PSO learning algorithm based pitch angle controller for DFIG based WECS." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 5 (2016): 716–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315585038.

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Frequent variation in the wind flow affects the Wind Turbine (WT) to generate fluctuating output power and this can negatively impact the entire power network. This paper aims at modelling an Enhanced-Elman Neural Network (EENN) based pitch angle controller to mitigate the output power fluctuation in a grid connected Wind Energy Conversion System. The outstanding aspect of the proposed controller is that, they can smoothen the output power fluctuation, when the wind speed is above or below rated speed of the WT. The proposed EENN pitch controller is trained online using Gradient Descent (GD) a

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Dangi, Nirav, Wei Yu, Jurij Sodja, and Carlos Simão Ferreira. "Aeroelastic analysis of a very large wind turbine in various atmospheric stability conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 5 (2024): 052026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052026.

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Abstract With the growing trend towards larger wind turbine rotor diameters, the impact of wind shear on rotor performance and loads becomes increasingly significant. Atmospheric stability strongly influences wind shear, leading to higher wind shear under stable atmospheric conditions. In this study, the aeroelastic performance of the IEA 22 MW rotor is assessed under inflow conditions generated by different methods. Inflow conditions were generated using turbulence models specified in the IEC Standards and also by Large Eddy simulations. Standalone OpenFAST simulations were conducted with the

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Mayilsamy, Ganesh, Balasubramani Natesan, Young Hoon Joo, and Seong Ryong Lee. "Fast Terminal Synergetic Control of PMVG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System for Enhancing the Power Extraction Efficiency." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082774.

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This study presents a fast terminal synergetic control (FTSC) scheme to investigate the nonlinear control problem of permanent magnet vernier generator (PMVG)-based variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). In wind turbines, better speed tracking and fast dynamic behavior is required to achieve the maximum power extraction. To do this, the FTSC method is firstly proposed to improve the dynamic performance of tracking the speedby, addressing the turbulent wind and uncertainties in the PMVG system, which improves the wind energy extraction efficiency and alleviates mechanical stress

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Rajendran, Saravanakumar, Debashisha Jena, Matias Diaz, and José Rodríguez. "Terminal Integral Synergetic Control for Wind Turbine at Region II Using a Two-Mass Model." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020616.

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Mechanical loads considerably impact wind turbine lifetime, and a reduction in this load is crucial while designing a controller for maximum power extraction at below-rated speed (region II). A trade-off between maximum energy extraction and minimum load on the drive train shaft is a big challenge. Some conventional controllers extract the maximum power with a cost of high fluctuations in the generator torque and transient load. Therefore, to overcome the above issues, this work proposes four different integral synergetic control schemes for a wind turbine at region II using a two-mass model w

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Angelou, Nikolas, Jakob Mann, and Camille Dubreuil-Boisclair. "Revealing inflow and wake conditions of a 6 MW floating turbine." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 10 (2023): 1511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1511-2023.

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Abstract. We investigate the characteristics of the inflow and the wake of a 6 MW floating wind turbine from the Hywind Scotland offshore wind farm, the world's first floating wind farm. We use two commercial nacelle-mounted lidars to measure the up- and downwind conditions with a fixed and a scanning measuring geometry, respectively. In the analysis, the effect of the pitch and roll angles of the nacelle on the lidar measuring location is taken into account. The upwind conditions are parameterized in terms of the mean horizontal wind vector at hub height, the shear and veer of the wind profil

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Zalkind, Daniel S., Emiliano Dall'Anese, and Lucy Y. Pao. "Automatic controller tuning using a zeroth-order optimization algorithm." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 4 (2020): 1579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1579-2020.

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Abstract. We develop an automated controller tuning procedure for wind turbines that uses the results of nonlinear, aeroelastic simulations to arrive at an optimal solution. Using a zeroth-order optimization algorithm, simulations using controllers with randomly generated parameters are used to estimate the gradient and converge to an optimal set of those parameters. We use kriging to visualize the design space and estimate the uncertainty, providing a level of confidence in the result. The procedure is applied to three problems in wind turbine control. First, the below-rated torque control is

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Vosper, Fred C., and R. Nolan Clark. "Autonomous Wind-Generated Electricity for Induction Motors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 3 (1988): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268257.

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A wind turbine with variable-voltage, variable-frequency electrical output was used to power resistive loads and induction motors in an autonomous system. The AC system was selected because AC motors, in multiple kilowatt sizes, can be more practical than DC motors. A wind turbine which produces electricity has a lower overall efficiency than a system producing mechanical power but offers more flexibility in adapting to varying loads and in locating the wind turbine near the load. A permanent magnet alternator designed to operate with a rotor speed from 70 to 150 r/min was first operated in th

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Tamaro, Simone, Filippo Campagnolo, and Carlo L. Bottasso. "On the power and control of a misaligned rotor – beyond the cosine law." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 7 (2024): 1547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1547-2024.

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Abstract. We present a new model to estimate the performance of a wind turbine operating in misaligned conditions. The model is based on the classic momentum and lifting-line theories, considering a misaligned rotor as a lifting wing of finite span, and accounts for the combined effects of both yaw and uptilt angles. Improving on the classical empirical cosine law in widespread use, the new model reveals the dependency of power not only on the misalignment angle, but also on some rotor design parameters and – crucially – on the way a rotor is governed when it is yawed out of the wind. We show

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Russell, A. J., M. Collu, A. McDonald, P. R. Thies, A. Mortimer, and A. R. Quayle. "Review of LIDAR-assisted Control for Offshore Wind Turbine Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2362, no. 1 (2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2362/1/012035.

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Nacelle-mounted, forward-facing Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology is able to provide knowledge of the incoming wind so that wind turbines can prepare in advance, through feedforward control. LIDAR can aid in improving wind turbine performance across the full operating range, assisting with torque control in below rated wind speeds, pitch control in above rated wind speeds and yaw control for correctly aligning the turbine rotor with the incoming wind direction. The motivations are for decreasing structural loads, resulting in reduced maintenance and extended lifetimes of turbines

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Lodder, J., M. A. Van Nierop, E. Van Staden, and S. J. Piketh. "Characterising the impact of rainfall on dustfall rates." Clean Air Journal 26, no. 2 (2016): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2410-972x/2016/v26n2a10.

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Soil moisture increased the cohesion potential between particles, reducing the ability of the particle to be entrained. Dust suppression techniques are designed to increase soil moisture and therefore soil cohesion through the application of water or water-based chemicals to surfaces that have known potential for dust entrainment. Rainfall has the ability to act as a natural dust suppression mechanism; however, there is a paucity of literature on the actual effectiveness of rainfall in this regard. The ASTM D1739 methods for dustfall monitoring, commonly used in South Africa, and the National

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Huang, Yue Hua, Huan Huan Li, and Guang Xu Li. "Maximum Wind Power Tracking Strategy of Wind Power Generation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.813.

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Aiming at maximum wind power tracking control problem of wind power generation system below the rated wind speed, this paper presents an improved MPPT control strategy by using turbulent part of the wind speed as a search signal to find the maximum power point. By using the Matlab/Simulink simulation of the wind power generation system below the rated wind speed, this paper proves the effectiveness of this control strategy. The simulation results show that improved MPPT control strategy can well control the wind turbine speed to track the wind speed changes to maintain optimum tip speed ratio

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Ma, Miaomiao, Yushen Sun, Shaoyuan Yu, and Junjun Pan. "Nonlinear power control of variable speed wind turbines above rated wind speed." International Journal of System Control and Information Processing 2, no. 3 (2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscip.2018.092313.

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Pan, Junjun, Shaoyuan Yu, Miaomiao Ma, and Yushen Sun. "Nonlinear power control of variable speed wind turbines above rated wind speed." International Journal of System Control and Information Processing 2, no. 3 (2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscip.2018.10013486.

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El Mjabber, El Kabira, Abdellatif Khamlichi, and Abdellah El Hajjaji. "Nonlinear control of wind turbine in above rated wind speed region." Pollack Periodica 17, no. 1 (2022): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2021.00411.

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Abstract Advanced control of variable speed horizontal wind turbine was considered in the high wind speed range. The aims of control in this region are to limit and stabilize the rotor speed and electrical power to their nominal values, while reducing the fatigue loads acting on the structure. A new nonlinear technique based on combination between sliding mode control and radial basis function neural network control was investigated. The proposed hybrid controller was implemented via MATLAB on a simplified two masses numerical model of wind turbine. By applying the Lyapunov approach, this cont

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Zhang, Feng, Ye Hui Lu, Feng Qiao, and Chong Chong Bai. "Self-Tuning Fuzzy Adaptive PID Pitch Control of Wind Power Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.404.

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A large variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) wind power system usually adopts the variable pitch control technology to ensure the output power is steady to ensure the safety of the wind power system above the rated wind speed. But the strong nonlinear and large moment of inertia of wind turbine result in the difficulty of variable pitch control, both simple fuzzy control and conventional PID control can not achieve a good control effect. Concerning this issue, variable pitch control algorithm is proposed based on self-tuning fuzzy adaptive PID control strategy. According to the dynamic mod

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Wang, Lei, Shan Zuo, Y. D. Song, and Zheng Zhou. "Variable Torque Control of Offshore Wind Turbine on Spar Floating Platform Using Advanced RBF Neural Network." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/903493.

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Offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT) has been a challenging research spot because of the high-quality wind power and complex load environment. This paper focuses on the research of variable torque control of offshore wind turbine on Spar floating platform. The control objective in below-rated wind speed region is to optimize the output power by tracking the optimal tip-speed ratio and ideal power curve. Aiming at the external disturbances and nonlinear uncertain dynamic systems of OFWT because of the proximity to load centers and strong wave coupling, this paper proposes an advanced radial ba

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Han, Bing, and Lawu Zhou. "Research on individual pitch control below rated wind speed." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 1 (2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.22333.

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Yang, Dongju. "Analysis of Doubly-fed Wind Turbines Oscillation Considering the Influence of Wind Speed." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2477, no. 1 (2023): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2477/1/012097.

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Abstract The accepted models of wind turbine and generator, respectively, were used to investigate how wind speed affected the subsynchronous oscillation of Double-fed wind turbine. Secondly, the oscillation characteristics of output are analyzed in the model/simulation of the PSCAD / EMTDC platform. The energy consumed when the wind speed changes are mainly affected by the subsystem of wind turbine. Below rated wind speed, increasing wind speed can inhibit subsynchronous oscillation, and increase the stability of the unit. The wind speed on the sub-synchronous oscillation is small as higher t

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Lim, Chae-Wook. "Evaluation of Dynamic Thrust Under Wind Shear in Wind Turbine Below Rated Wind Speed." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 40, no. 4 (2016): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2016.40.4.407.

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Li, Longjun, Xiangtian Deng, Yandong Liu, et al. "Research on Nonlinear Pitch Control Strategy for Large Wind Turbine Units Based on Effective Wind Speed Estimation." Electronics 14, no. 12 (2025): 2460. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14122460.

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With the increasing capacity of wind turbines, key components including the rotor diameter, tower height, and tower radius expand correspondingly. This heightened inertia extends the response time of pitch actuators during rapid wind speed variations occurring above the rated wind speed. Consequently, wind turbines encounter significant output power oscillations and complex structural loading challenges. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel pitch control strategy combining an effective wind speed estimation with the inverse system method. The developed control system aims to st

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Xiao, Yancai, Wenjian Huo, and Guiqing Nan. "Research on Compound Pitch Control Technology of Direct-drive Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010298.

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The conventional PID pitch controller was usually used in direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine in order to maintain the output power unchanged above the rated wind speed. However, due to the complex structure of wind turbine as well as high nonlinearity of wind speed, the effect of PID control method is often less than ideal. A new pitch control method combined with fuzzy adaptive PID and fuzzy feed forward controller is proposed in this paper. The fuzzy adaptive PID controller is able to ensure the unit having a better control result than PID controller at various wind speeds. The fuzzy

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Bianchi, F. D., R. J. Mantz, and C. F. Christiansen. "Power regulation in pitch-controlled variable-speed WECS above rated wind speed." Renewable Energy 29, no. 11 (2004): 1911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.02.009.

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Li, Feng Ting, and En Rang Zheng. "Research on Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System of Variable Speed Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.389.

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This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of wind turbine and introduces the principle of maximum power point tracking control system of variable speed wind turbine. A improved maximum power tracking control strategy is proposed for large inertia wind power systems in order to achieve maximum wind power capture and increased utilization of wind energy when wind turbines is below the rated wind speed. A variable speed wind power generation system is modeled and simulated in the Simulink environment of the Matlab .The simulation results proves the correctness and feasibility of the track

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Liu, Jin Chao, Ke Sun, Jian Hua Zhang, Yu Na Zhao, and Mao Hua Pan. "Effects of Surge on Rotor Aerodynamics of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.177.

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This paper, using the blade momentum theory combined with dynamic inflow correction and stall delay correction, analyses how periodic surge affect rotor aerodynamics of the NREL 5MW turbine operating at three different regions of its power curve. Results show that surge has the largest effects on rotor aerodynamics in region under rated wind speed while the smallest in region above that. Besides, oscillation amplitudes of rotor aerodynamic loads are in linear correlation with surge frequency and amplitude in most cases, except that rotor power and torque in region above rated wind speed is in

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Didier, Flavie, Yong-Chao Liu, Salah Laghrouche, and Daniel Depernet. "A Comprehensive Review on Advanced Control Methods for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Systems above the Rated Wind Speed." Energies 17, no. 10 (2024): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102257.

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of advanced control methods specifically designed for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) above the rated wind speed. Focusing on primary control objectives, including power regulation at rated values, platform pitch mitigation, and structural load reduction, this paper begins by outlining the requirements and challenges inherent in FOWT control systems. It delves into the fundamental aspects of the FOWT system control framework, thereby highlighting challenges, control objectives, and conventional methods derived from bottom-fixed wind turbines.

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Ma, Rui, Shu Ju Hu, Xun Bo Fu, Hong Hua Xu, and Nian Hong Li. "Torque Control and Pitch Control Strategy in VSCF Wind Turbine above Rated Wind Speed." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1715.

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Above rated wind speed, the wind turbine speed and output power are maintained near the rated values through the coordinative control of torque and pitch angle. Due to the non-linear behavior of the wind turbine, the traditional PID control is not effective in the pitch control. And accurate mathematical model of wind turbine is very difficult to get. In order to solve the problem, the fuzzy adaptive tuning PID control algorithm is proposed in the paper. About torque control strategy, constant torque control mode and constant power control mode are simulated respectively. Based on the analysis

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Sandquist, Fredrik, Michael Muskulus, and Olimpo Anaya-Lara. "Gain Scheduled and Robust H∞ Control above Rated Wind Speed for Wind Turbines." Energy Procedia 24 (2012): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.100.

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