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1

Haichar, Feth el Zahar, Catherine Santaella, Thierry Heulin, and Wafa Achouak. "Root exudates mediated interactions belowground." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 77 (October 2014): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.017.

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2

Bennett, Alison. "Pushing boundaries in above-belowground interactions." Functional Ecology 26, no. 2 (2012): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01957.x.

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3

Monroy, F., and W. H. van der Putten. "Local variation in belowground multitrophic interactions." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41, no. 8 (2009): 1689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.05.011.

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4

Bezemer, T. Martijn. "Aboveground–belowground interactions: the way forward." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26, no. 4 (2011): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.008.

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5

Kostenko, Olga, Tess F. J. van de Voorde, Patrick P. J. Mulder, Wim H. van der Putten, and T. Martijn Bezemer. "Legacy effects of aboveground-belowground interactions." Ecology Letters 15, no. 8 (2012): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01801.x.

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6

Stone, Martin J., Harry T. Cralle, James M. Chandler, Travis D. Miller, Rodney W. Bovey, and Katherine H. Carson. "Above- and belowground interference of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)." Weed Science 46, no. 4 (1998): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450009086x.

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Greenhouse experiments in central Texas assessed the relative importance of above- and belowground interactions of semidwarf Mit wheat and Marshall ryegrass during vegetative growth. One experiment used partitions to compare the effect of no (controls), aboveground only, belowground only, and full interaction for 75 d after planting (DAP) one wheat and nine ryegrass plants in soil volumes of 90, 950, and 3,800 ml. The results with the different soil volumes were similar. Wheat growth in the aboveground interaction only did not differ from controls. However, the full or belowground only interac
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7

Johnson, Scott N., Katherine E. Clark, Susan E. Hartley, T. Hefin Jones, Scott W. McKenzie, and Julia Koricheva. "Aboveground–belowground herbivore interactions: a meta-analysis." Ecology 93, no. 10 (2012): 2208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-2272.1.

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8

Jochum, Malte, Vera Zizka, Stefan Scheu, Nico Eisenhauer, and Melanie Pollierer. "Global change in above-belowground multitrophic grassland communities." Research Ideas and Outcomes 9 (October 13, 2023): e113960. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.9.e113960.

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Global change is transforming Earth's ecological communities with severe consequences for the functions and services they provide. In temperate grasslands, home to a mesmerising diversity of invertebrates controlling multiple ecosystem processes and services, land-use intensification and climate change are two of the most important global-change drivers. While we know a lot about their independent effects on grassland biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, little is known about how these stressors interact. Moreover, most research on biodiversity change focuses on decreasing biomass or specie
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9

Schröter, Dagmar, Lijbert Brussaard, Gerlinde De Deyn, et al. "Trophic interactions in a changing world: modelling aboveground–belowground interactions." Basic and Applied Ecology 5, no. 6 (2004): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2004.09.006.

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10

Jargalsaikhan, Gantuya. "A review of similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation under grazing." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (2014): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.243.

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In recent years, many researchers have stated the importance of above and belowground interactions to better understand succession in plant communities and state and transition dynamics in rangelands. A review indicate that improved knowledge the soil's seed bank is a key element in understanding above and belowground interactions and plant community dynamics in grazed rangelands. The aim was to study current successional theories, with special emphasis on state and transition models to understand rangeland ecosystem dynamics under grazing. I thoroughly reviewed 28 articles published that summ
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11

Barber, N. A., and N. L. Soper Gorden. "How do belowground organisms influence plant-pollinator interactions?" Journal of Plant Ecology 8, no. 1 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtu012.

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12

Jose, Shibu, Richard Williams, and Diomides Zamora. "Belowground ecological interactions in mixed-species forest plantations." Forest Ecology and Management 233, no. 2-3 (2006): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.014.

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13

Rasmann, Sergio, and Ted C. J. Turlings. "First insights into specificity of belowground tritrophic interactions." Oikos 117, no. 3 (2008): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16204.x.

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14

Hoffmann, D., and P. Schausberger. "Plant-Mediated Aboveground-Belowground Interactions: The Spider Mite Perspective." Acarologia 52, no. 1 (2012): 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122040.

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Hoffmann, D., Schausberger, P. (2012): Plant-Mediated Aboveground-Belowground Interactions: The Spider Mite Perspective. Acarologia 52 (1): 17-27, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20122040, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122040
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15

Lütke Schwienhorst, Julia, Corinna Pyrlik, Anna Tomberge, et al. "Competitive interactions shape plant responses to nitrogen fertilization and drought: evidence from a microcosm experiment with Lilium bulbiferum L. and Secale cereale L." Plant Ecology 223, no. 4 (2022): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-022-01220-1.

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AbstractMany recent studies have analysed plant species responses to environmental change, but interactive effects of global change drivers and how they are modulated by biotic interactions are still poorly understood. In a mesocosm experiment, we studied the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and drought events on plant growth and how these effects are shaped by competitive interactions, using a segetal plant community typical of the lowlands of central Europe (composed of Lilium bulbiferum (segetal species) and Secale cereale (crop species)). We expected that N fertilization i
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16

Ma, L., C. Guo, X. Xin, S. Yuan, and R. Wang. "Effects of belowground litter addition, increased precipitation and clipping on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization in a temperate steppe." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 7361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013.

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Abstract. Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are sensitive to changes in environmental factors and play critical roles in the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of belowground particulate litter (BPL) addition, increased precipitation and their interactions on soil C and N mineralization in two adjacent sites where belowground photosynthate allocation was manipulated through vegetation clipping in a temperate steppe of northeastern China from 2010 to 2011. The results show that BPL addition sign
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17

Haase, Josephine, Roland Brandl, Stefan Scheu, and Martin Schädler. "ABOVE‐ AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS ARE MEDIATED BY NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY." Ecology 89, no. 11 (2008): 3072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1983.1.

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18

van Dam, Nicole M., Jeffrey A. Harvey, Felix L. Wäckers, T. Martijn Bezemer, Wim H. van der Putten, and Louise E. M. Vet. "Interactions between aboveground and belowground induced responses against phytophages." Basic and Applied Ecology 4, no. 1 (2003): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00133.

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19

BEZEMER, T., and N. VANDAM. "Linking aboveground and belowground interactions via induced plant defenses." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, no. 11 (2005): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.006.

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20

Van der Putten, Wim H. "Climate Change, Aboveground-Belowground Interactions, and Species' Range Shifts." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 43, no. 1 (2012): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160423.

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21

Deyn, Gerlinde B. De. "Plant life history and above-belowground interactions: missing links." Oikos 126, no. 4 (2017): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.03967.

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22

Hoffmann, D., and P. Schausberger. "Plant-mediated aboveground-belowground interactions: the spider mite perspective." Acarologia 52, no. 1 (2012): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122040.

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23

Mathieu, Laura, Elsa Ballini, Jean-Benoit Morel, and Louis-Valentin Méteignier. "The root of plant-plant interactions: Belowground special cocktails." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 80 (August 2024): 102547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102547.

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24

Zalesny, R. S., E. O. Bauer, and D. E. Riemenschneider. "Use of Belowground Growing Degree Days to Predict Rooting of Dormant Hardwood Cuttings of Populus." Silvae Genetica 53, no. 1-6 (2004): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2004-0028.

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Abstract Planting Populus cuttings based on calendar days neglects soil temperature extremes and does not promote rooting based on specific genotypes. Our objectives were to: 1) test the biological efficacy of a thermal index based on belowground growing degree days (GDD) across the growing period, 2) test for interactions between belowground GDD and clones, and 3) identify beneficial planting windows based on combinations of genotypes and belowground GDD. We tested two clones of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh (D133, D134) and four hybrid clones of P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (D
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25

Zhao, Rongjiang, Chundong Wang, Kadri Koorem, et al. "Aboveground antagonists mitigate belowground plant–antagonist interactions but not affect plant–mutualist interactions." European Journal of Soil Biology 120 (March 2024): 103577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103577.

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26

Hagedorn, Frank, Konstantin Gavazov, and Jake M. Alexander. "Above- and belowground linkages shape responses of mountain vegetation to climate change." Science 365, no. 6458 (2019): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4737.

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Upward shifts of mountain vegetation lag behind rates of climate warming, partly related to interconnected changes belowground. Here, we unravel above- and belowground linkages by drawing insights from short-term experimental manipulations and elevation gradient studies. Soils will likely gain carbon in early successional ecosystems, while losing carbon as forest expands upward, and the slow, high-elevation soil development will constrain warming-induced vegetation shifts. Current approaches fail to predict the pace of these changes and how much they will be modified by interactions among plan
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27

Homulle, Z., T. S. George, and A. J. Karley. "Root traits with team benefits: understanding belowground interactions in intercropping systems." Plant and Soil 471, no. 1-2 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05165-8.

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Abstract Background The potential benefits of intercropping are manifold and have been repeatedly demonstrated. Intercropping has the potential to create more productive and resilient agroecosystems, by improving land utilisation, yield and yield stability, soil quality, and pest, disease and weed suppression. Despite these potential benefits, significant gaps remain in the understanding of ecological mechanisms that govern the outcomes when crop species are grown together. A major part of plant-plant interactions takes place belowground and these are often overlooked. Scope This review synthe
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28

Tsunoda, Tomonori, Naoki Kachi, and Jun-Ichirou Suzuki. "Belowground herbivory decreases shoot water content and biomass of Lolium perenne seedlings under nutrient-poor conditions." Botany 95, no. 1 (2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0076.

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Belowground herbivory under nutrient-poor conditions is known to significantly decrease plant biomass and root:shoot ratios. However, the mechanisms behind the changes in belowground plant–herbivore interactions that occur under different nutrient conditions remain unclear. We performed a pot experiment using Lolium perenne L. and the third-instar larva of Popillia japonica Newman. The experiment used a three-way factorial randomized-block design; the three factors were nutrient amount (rich/poor), nutrient heterogeneity (homogeneous/heterogeneous), and belowground herbivore (present/absent).
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29

Xue, Jinzhuang, Zhenzhen Deng, Pu Huang, et al. "Belowground rhizomes in paleosols: The hidden half of an Early Devonian vascular plant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 34 (2016): 9451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605051113.

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The colonization of terrestrial environments by rooted vascular plants had far-reaching impacts on the Earth system. However, the belowground structures of early vascular plants are rarely documented, and thus the plant−soil interactions in early terrestrial ecosystems are poorly understood. Here we report the earliest rooted paleosols (fossil soils) in Asia from Early Devonian deposits of Yunnan, China. Plant traces are extensive within the soil and occur as complex network-like structures, which are interpreted as representing long-lived, belowground rhizomes of the basal lycopsidDrepanophyc
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30

Nytko, Alivia G., Ashlynn M. Hord, John K. Senior, Julianne O’Reilly-Wapstra, Jennifer A. Schweitzer, and Joseph K. Bailey. "Evolution of rarity and phylogeny determine above- and belowground biomass in plant-plant interactions." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0294839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294839.

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Rare species are often considered inferior competitors due to occupancy of small ranges, specific habitats, and small local populations. However, the phylogenetic relatedness and rarity level (level 1–7 and common) of interacting species in plant-plant interactions are not often considered when predicting the response of rare plants in a biotic context. We used a common garden of 25 species of Tasmanian Eucalyptus, to differentiate non-additive patterns in the biomass of rare versus common species when grown in mixtures varying in phylogenetic relatedness and rarity. We demonstrate that rare s
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31

Hines, Jes, J. Patrick Megonigal, and Robert F. Denno. "NUTRIENT SUBSIDIES TO BELOWGROUND MICROBES IMPACT ABOVEGROUND FOOD WEB INTERACTIONS." Ecology 87, no. 6 (2006): 1542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1542:nstbmi]2.0.co;2.

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32

Armas, Cristina, and Francisco Ignacio Pugnaire. "Plant Neighbour Identity Matters to Belowground Interactions under Controlled Conditions." PLoS ONE 6, no. 11 (2011): e27791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027791.

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33

Tsunoda, Tomonori, and Nicole M. van Dam. "Root chemical traits and their roles in belowground biotic interactions." Pedobiologia 65 (November 2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.007.

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34

Li, Yang, Shiyu Zhen, Shaojie Shan, et al. "Modulation of above-belowground plant-herbivore interactions by entomopathogenic nematodes." Applied Soil Ecology 148 (April 2020): 103479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103479.

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35

Schloter, Michael, and Reiner Matyssek. "Tuning growth versus defence–belowground interactions and plant resource allocation." Plant and Soil 323, no. 1-2 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0070-6.

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36

Erb, Matthias, Jurriaan Ton, Jörg Degenhardt, and Ted C. J. Turlings. "Interactions between Arthropod-Induced Aboveground and Belowground Defenses in Plants." Plant Physiology 146, no. 3 (2008): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.112169.

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37

Anderson, Laurel J. "Aboveground‐belowground linkages: Biotic interactions, ecosystem processes, and global change." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 26 (2011): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo260011.

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38

Hazrati, H., IS Fomsgaard, B. Melander, and P. Kudsk. "Role of natural products in belowground interactions between plant species." Planta Medica 85, no. 18 (2019): e3-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1264-3698.

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39

Wenke, Katrin, Marco Kai, and Birgit Piechulla. "Belowground volatiles facilitate interactions between plant roots and soil organisms." Planta 231, no. 3 (2009): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1076-2.

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40

Zhang, Zhengzhong, Lishan Shan, Yi Li, and Yang Wang. "Belowground interactions differ between sympatric desert shrubs under water stress." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 3 (2020): 1444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5999.

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41

Jacoby, Richard P., Li Chen, Melina Schwier, Anna Koprivova, and Stanislav Kopriva. "Recent advances in the role of plant metabolites in shaping the root microbiome." F1000Research 9 (February 26, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21796.1.

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The last decade brought great progress in describing the repertoire of microbes associated with plants and identifying principles of their interactions. Metabolites exuded by plant roots have been considered candidates for the mechanisms by which plants shape their root microbiome. Here, we review the evidence for several plant metabolites affecting plant interaction with microbes belowground. We also discuss the development of new approaches to study the mechanisms of such interaction that will help to elucidate the metabolic networks in the rhizosphere.
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42

Ievinsh, Gederts. "Disentangling the Belowground Web of Biotic Interactions in Temperate Coastal Grasslands: From Fundamental Knowledge to Novel Applications." Land 12, no. 6 (2023): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061209.

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Grasslands represent an essential part of terrestrial ecosystems. In particular, coastal grasslands are dominated by the influence of environmental factors resulting from sea–land interaction. Therefore, coastal grasslands are extremely heterogeneous both spatially and temporally. In this review, recent knowledge in the field of biotic interactions in coastal grassland soil is summarized. A detailed analysis of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis, rhizobial symbiosis, plant–parasitic plant interactions, and plant–plant interactions is performed. The role of particular biotic interactions in the fu
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43

Wang, Nian, Lukasz L. Stelinski, Kirsten S. Pelz-Stelinski, James H. Graham, and Yunzeng Zhang. "Tale of the Huanglongbing Disease Pyramid in the Context of the Citrus Microbiome." Phytopathology® 107, no. 4 (2017): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-16-0426-rvw.

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The Huanglongbing (HLB) disease pyramid is composed of Liberibacters, psyllid vectors, citrus hosts, and the environment. The epidemiological outcomes for Liberibacter-associated plant diseases are collectively determined by the inherent relationships among plant−Liberibacters−psyllids, and how various environmental factors affect plant−Liberibacter−psyllid interactions. Citrus−Liberibacter−psyllid interactions occur in a complex microbiome system. In this review, we focus on the progress in understanding the HLB disease pyramid, and how the microbiome affects the HLB disease pyramid including
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44

Shen, L., X. Y. Wang, T. T. Yang, et al. "Effects of Different Planting Patterns on the Growth and Yield of Maize and Soybean in Northwest China." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 4 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n4p1.

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Aboveground and belowground interactions are crucial in the over-yielding of intercropping systems. However, the relative effects of aboveground and belowground interactions on yields in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max) intercropping systems are still unclear. Field experiments, including measurements of plant height, soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), root length density (RLD), root volume density (RVD), and grain yield, were conducted in 2018-2019 to analyze the advantages and effects of above-ground and belowground inter-spe
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45

Jagodič, Anamarija, Stanislav Trdan, and Žiga Laznik. "Entomopathogenic nematodes: can we use the current knowledge on belowground multitrophic interactions in future plant protection programmes? – Review." Plant Protection Science 55, No. 4 (2019): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2019-pps.

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Plants under herbivore attack emit mixtures of volatiles that can attract the natural enemies of the herbivores. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are organisms that can be used in the biological control of insect pests. Recent studies have shown that the movement of EPNs is associated with the detection of chemical stimuli from the environment. To date, several compounds that are responsible for the mediation in below ground multitrophic interactions have been identified. In the review, we discuss the use of EPNs in agriculture, the role of belowground volatiles and their use in plant protect
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46

Li, Jing, Hongbin Luo, Jiandong Lai, and Rui Zhang. "Effects of Biodiversity and Its Interactions on Ecosystem Multifunctionality." Forests 15, no. 10 (2024): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15101701.

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Global change and the intensification of human activities have led to a sharp decline in global biodiversity and other ecological issues. Over the past 30 years, ecologists have increasingly focused on the question of whether and how the ongoing loss of biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning. However, historically, researchers have predominantly concentrated on individual ecosystem functions, neglecting the capacity of ecosystems to provide multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, known as ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). As a result, the connection between biodiversity and ecosyste
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47

Nyameasem, John Kormla, Enis Ben Halima, Carsten Stefan Malisch, Bahar S. Razavi, Friedhelm Taube, and Thorsten Reinsch. "Nitrous Oxide Emission from Forage Plantain and Perennial Ryegrass Swards Is Affected by Belowground Resource Allocation Dynamics." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (2021): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101936.

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Soil–plant interactions affecting nitrous oxide (N2O) are not well-understood, and experimental data are scarce. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a 3 × 3 full factorial design, comprising three mineral N fertilizer rates (0, 150 and 300 kg N ha−1) applied to monoculture swards and a binary mixture of Plantago lanceolata and Lolium perenne. The parameters measured included daily N2O emissions, aboveground (AG) and belowground biomass (BG), N and C yields, as well as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity in the soil as an indicator for soil microbial activity. Nitrous oxide em
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48

Parise, André Geremia, Suzana Chiari Bertoli, and Gustavo Maia Souza. "Belowground interactions affect shoot growth in Eucalyptus urophylla under restrictive conditions." Plant Signaling & Behavior 16, no. 9 (2021): 1927589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2021.1927589.

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49

Erb, Matthias, and Jing Lu. "Soil abiotic factors influence interactions between belowground herbivores and plant roots." Journal of Experimental Botany 64, no. 5 (2013): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert007.

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50

Paudel, Shishir, Travis Longcore, Beau MacDonald, et al. "Belowground interactions with aboveground consequences: Invasive earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Ecology 97, no. 3 (2016): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-1085.

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