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1
Sari, Lilia. "In pit crushing and belt conveyor systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278348.
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Mathaba, Tebello Ntsiki Don. "Energy and cost optimal scheduling of belt conveyor systems." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61311.
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This work deals with the energy management of belt conveyor systems (BCS) under various demandside
management (DSM) programmes. The primary objective of this work is to model the energy
consumption and energy related cost of operating troughed belt conveyor systems under different
electricity pricing tariffs. This research is motivated by the increasing need for energy efficiency and
energy cost reduction in the operation of BCS. This is as a result of technological improvements in
BCS technology leading to increasingly longer belts being commissioned and as a result of rapidly
rising electricity costs.
An energy model derived from established industry standards is proposed for long conveyors. The
newly proposed model uses a first-order partial differential equation (PDE) in order to capture the
state of material on the belt. This new model describes the conveyor's power requirement using
an equation with two parameters. A system identification set-up involving a recursive parameter
estimating algorithm is simulated for measurements with varying degrees of noise. The results show
that the proposed model estimates conveyor power and material delivered by long conveyors more
accurately than the existing steady-state models.
Downhill conveyors (DHCs) are important potential energy sources that can be tapped to improve the
overall energy efficiency of BCSs. A generic optimisation model that is able to optimally schedule three
configurations of BCS with DHC is proposed. The economic assessment of implementing dynamic
braking and regenerative drives technology on downhill conveyors is undertaken with the help of the
model. The assessment shows that combining regenerative drives and optimal operation of BCS with
DHC generates energy savings that give attractive payback period of less than 5 years.
A chance-constrained model predictive control (cc-MPC) algorithm is proposed for scheduling belt
conveyor systems with uncertain material demand on the output storage. The chance-constraints are
based on the modelling of material demand by a sum of known mean demand and, zero-mean and
normally distributed random component. The cc-MPC algorithm is shown to produce schedules that
give a smaller number and smaller magnitude of storage limit violations compared to normal MPC and
chance-constrained optimal control algorithms. An equation that gives the amount of effective storage
required to meet storage constraints for a given value of standard deviation is established.
The optimal scheduling of BCS under the real-time pricing (RTP) tariff is considered. This study
develops a methodology for establishing the economic value of price forecasting schemes for loads
capable of load-shifting. This methodology is used to show that the economic benefit obtained from
a forecast is highly dependent on the volatility of the electricity prices being predicted and not their
mean value. The methodology is also used to illustrate why the commonly used indices mean absolute
percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) are poor indicators of economic benefit.
The proposed index using Kendall's rank correlation between the actual and predicted prices is shown
to be a good indicator of economic benefit, performing far better than RSME and MAPE.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
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Masaki, Mukalu Sandro. "A cost-effective design approach for multiple drive belt conveyor systems." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66217.
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Multiple drive belt conveyors are being increasingly incorporated in mining plans worldwide because of their high economic performance and the ease of moving these installations around, especially in underground mines. A typical modern multi-drive conveyor system consists of one or more intermediate drive stations positioned along the upper stretch of the conveyor and a single drive station situated in the lower stretch. Despite the acknowledged cost saving potential of the multiple drive technology, no previous work was reported on the methodology to realize a cost-effective design of multi-drive belt conveyors. This study investigates a design approach for multiple drive belt conveyors with the objective to achieve the lowest life cycle cost of multi-drive belt conveyors for a specified material transport task. For this purpose, an optimization model for the cost-effective design of multi-drive conveyor systems is formulated on the basis of the recommendations of the DIN 22101 and SANS 1313 standards. For a given number of intermediate drive stations, the proposed model optimizes a set of design parameters so that the minimum equivalent annual cost of a conveyor can be attained whilst handling the transport requirements and design conditions. The conveyor parameters optimized in this study are the rated powers of motors, the rated torques of gear reducers, the diameters and wrap angles of drive pulleys, the belt width, the belt speed, the lengths of the belt sections not nestled between drive pulleys, the spacings between idler rolls and the shell diameters and shaft diameters of idler rolls. For benchmark analysis purposes, a similar optimization model is also developed for the single drive technology. Described as mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems, the two optimization models are solved using the MIDACO solver embedded in the MATLAB environment. The results of this study show the validity and effectiveness of the design model proposed for multi-drive belt conveyors. The results also indicate that the multiple drive technology is more beneficial for the conveying over long distances. The impact of the possible instability of inflation throughout the project lifetime is also investigated through three hypothetical scenarios, which involve a fixed inflation rate, a higher fluctuating inflation rate and a lower fluctuating inflation rate, respectively. The results of this sensitivity analysis show that the most cost-effective multi-drive belt conveyors obtained under a fixed inflation rate is robust enough against limited fluctuations of this parameter.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Borile, Federica. "On the Mediterranean conveyor belt system." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11163/.
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The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed sea, connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Gibraltar Strait and subdivided in two different regions by the Sicily Strait. The geographical extension of the basin, the surface heat flux, and the water inflow from the Gibraltar Strait are some of the basic factors determining its horizontal and vertical circulation.
In the Mediterranean strong salinity and temperature zonal gradients contribute to maintain the zonal-vertical circulation, while meridional-vertical cells are equally forced by winds and deep water mass formation in three regions, the Gulf of Lyon, the southern Adriatic and the Cretan Sea areas.
The objective of this thesis is to study how these cells combine together to form the Mediterranean conveyor belt system. This has never been attempted before so the conclusions are necessarily preliminary.
In the first part we discuss the vertical zonal and meridional circulation by reconstructing the Wust Mediterranean vertical salinity and temperature structures in an attempt to evaluate the water mass structure consistent with modern data. Our results confirm that Wust depicted vertical circulation from scarce data is reproduced by the past 27 years observations.
The structure of both meridional and zonal circulations was discussed using velocity vertical streamfunctions with two different methods. The first one, eulerian, allowed us to observe vertical structures that were already reported in the literature. Recent studies in the Atlantic Ocean have shown that gyres and eddies have an important influence in the isopycnal vertical circulation.
This is called the residual circulation which was computed in this study for the first time.
A possible interpretation of horizontal connection between the meridional and zonal cells was discussed using horizontal streamfunction.
In the last part of the thesis we have been developing an idealized numerical model to study the vertical circulation in the Mediterranean.
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Kesimal, Ayhan. "A comparative study of transportation systems in surface mines." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240483.
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Joseph, Mathews. "Failure analysis in a paper mill and a coal conveyor system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36003/1/36003_Joseph_1997.pdf.
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This thesis aims at explaining two different methods by which failure analysis can
be conducted . The two methods were used in two totally different circumstances.
One was the failure study conducted at the Petrie Mill of Australian Paper and the
other was a study of conveyor belt failures based on the author's experience at
Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited. The bottom line is to stress the need for
separate strategies depending on the nature of industry or the machinery and the
importance of documenting the actual Failure Analysis however it may be done.
This will help in further development of the strategies and provide ideas for
newcomers in the field. Using the data obtained by applying strategy-1 Reliability
Analysis and Planned Replacement cost analysis can be conducted. Two
components selected by applying strategy-I were analysed using Relcode and are
included in this thesis. Three other major initiatives associated with this research are
Failure Recording and Spare Control system (FR&SC) for Petrie Mill, Belt
Condition Recording and Monitoring system(BEL TCON) and Conveyor Belt
Breakdown Maintenance Management flow chart for users of conveyor belts. All of
these concepts, presently in a flow-chart form, can be programmed and further
developed into a full-fledged software package. They will definitely be very handy
tools for engineers and managers who deal with similar situations. The power of
FM-EAsy software is utilized in analysing the failures in conveyor belt systems,
which involves the recording of all failure modes, effects and criticality.
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Çelikdemir, Özgür Aytaç Sıtkı. "An Automatic Vision Guided Position Controller In A Conveyor Belt Pick And Place System/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2006. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/bilgisayaryazilimi/T000585.pdf.
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Drápalík, Martin. "Pásový dopravník přestavitelný." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231119.
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The aim of this thesis is to design a conveyor belt readjustable to transport brown coal according to specific parameters. The introduction is focused on describing and dividing conveyor belts and characterizing their individual parts. The main part of the thesis is a description of selected components and design solutions, a functional computation carried out in accordance with the standard ČSN ISO 5048 and further an analysis of transported material's properties. The drafting documentation is attached to the thesis.
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Drápalík, Martin. "Pásový dopravník přestavitelný." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241913.
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The aim of this thesis is to design a conveyor belt readjustable to transport brown coal according to specific parameters. The introduction is focused on describing and dividing conveyor belts and characterizing their individual parts. The main part of the thesis is a description of selected components and design solutions, a functional computation carried out in accordance with the standard ČSN ISO 5048 and further an analysis of transported material's properties. The drafting documentation is attached to the thesis.
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Hübler, Jörg, and Niels Dallinger. "High-Speed Conveying System." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-231660.
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Increasingly higher and higher conveyor speeds are driven in industrial manufacturing. This goes along with a significant rise of the sound pressure level in the production lines. The main cause of this is the articulated and multi-articulated construction of standard plastic-slide-chains in conveyor systems. This condition could be significantly improved by the use of a nonarticulated attraction in the form of a transport toothed belt. In addition, the conveying speeds could be significantly increased. Modifications to the belt teeth provide fastening possibilities for plastic support platesZunehmend werden immer höhere Fördergeschwindigkeiten in industriellen Anlagen gefahren. Dies geht einher mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Schalldruckpegels der Anlagen. Die Hauptursache dafür liegt im gliederartigen sowie mehrgelenkigen Aufbau von Standard-Kunststoffgleitketten in Förderanlagen. Dieser Zustand konnte durch die Verwendung eines gliederlosen Zugmittels in Form eines Transportzahnriemens deutlich verbessert sowie die Transportgeschwindigkeiten signifikant erhöht werden. Durch Modifikationen an den Riemen-zähnen werden Befestigungsmöglichkeiten für Kunststofftragplatten geschaffen
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Hohner, Robin, and Ekengren André. "Study Of Belts Acting As A Positioning System For Interconnected Gripping Tools In Tube Filling Machines." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77221.
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The task performed in this assignment is to improve the reliability of Norden Machinery ABs product family. This is to be done by examining and replacing the belt used to stop the spreading of tubes from ingoing shipping crate to the infeed of the machine. The way that this was approached was by testing different candidates on a spectrum of their rigidity to find if a flexible or more rigid belt would perform better than the current context of the system. The testing was conducted for a period of 4 weeks and results were gathered by examining damages to the belts by the use of microscope. After the damage had been analyzed the conclusion was drawn that flexible alternatives seems to perform the task better than their rigid counterparts however more work is needed in the fields regarding the fastening and operation of the machine to use the best suited candidates derived from this test, the monolithic belt FMT-02TXCT-U1.
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Täschner, Dirk. "Untersuchungen der akustischen Wirkung von Tragrollen zur zielgerichteten Lärmminderung an Gurtförderanlagen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-220185.
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Gurtförderanlagen werden im Bergbau und anderen Industriezweigen zum Transport von Schüttgütern eingesetzt. Der Anlagenbetrieb ist mit Geräuschemissionen verbunden. Dies kann bei Kontrolle und Wartung eine erhöhte Lärmbelastung für betroffene Mitarbeiter hervorrufen. Im Umfeld von Wohnbebauungen oder schutzbedürftigen Objekten kann die Überschreitung von Immissionsrichtwerten zu einer zeitlichen Betriebseinschränkung der hocheffizienten Anlagen führen. Zur Lärmminderung an der Quelle oder deren Nähe erfordert dies technische Schallschutzmaßnahmen. Die Tragrollen im Obertrum der Gurtförderanlagen sind bei der akustischen Wirkung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit einem Prüfstand für Tragrollen ist deren Schallleistung bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten bestimmbar. Die Ergebnisse lassen Rückschlüsse auf die mechanische Belastung und die Schallemission beim Betrieb in einer Förderanlage zu. Die Arbeit benennt die Ursachen der Geräuschemissionen beim Ablauf der Rollen und stellt diese in Verbindung mit den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche und der Außermittigkeit der Drehachse dar. Die Prüfung beider Parameter basiert auf einer Rundlaufmessung. Die gewonnenen winkelabhängigen Daten erlauben eine Berechnung der Exzentrizität der Drehachse und des Verlaufs der Kreisformabweichung auf dem Rollenmantel. Daraus abgeleitete Kennwerte dienen als Vorgaben zur Anpassung und Entwicklung von Herstellungsverfahren sowie zur gezielten Auswahl geräuscharmer Tragrollen für GurtförderanlagenBelt conveyor systems are used in mining operations and other industry sectors to transport bulk material. The plant operation is being linked to noise emissions. During inspections and maintenance this can cause an increased noise exposure for affected employees. In the environment of residential buildings or areas in need of protection the exceedance of immission guideline values can lead to a temporary operational limitation of these highly efficient plants. Noise abatement measures primarily at the source or in the vicinity are required to reduce noise immission. The idlers on the carrying belt side of the belt conveyor systems are of crucial importance to the acoustical properties. Their sound power level is determinable at different belt speeds with a test stand for idlers. The results allow conclusions about the mechanical stress and sound emissions during operation in a belt conveyor system. The thesis identifies the sources of noise during the roll process and places them in conjunction with the properties of the surface and the centre offset of the axis. The examination of these two parameters is based on a total indicator reading (TIR) measurement. The angle-dependent data obtained allow a calculation of the eccentricity of the axis and the curve of the circular deviation of the roller tubes. Therefrom derived characteristic values serve as specifications for the adaptation and development of manufacturing processes as well as for a careful selection of low noise idlers for belt conveyors
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Schützhold, Jörg. "Auswahlsystematik für energieeffiziente quasistationäre elektrische Antriebssysteme." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-218139.
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Rund 70 % der Energieaufnahme von elektrischen Antriebssystemen wird von quasistationären Antrieben in Transportanlagen hervorgerufen. Eine gesteigerte Energieeffizienz führt neben reduzierten Energiekosten zu weiteren Nutzeffekten, wie z.B. einem verringerten Kühlaufwand, einem kleinerem Bauraum und einer höheren Lebensdauer der Komponenten. Zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz dieser Transportanlagen werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden zur Auslegung der zugehörigen Antriebssysteme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Förderprozesses erarbeitet. Als repräsentative Transportanwendungen werden Pumpen- und Förderbandanlagen untersucht.
Dabei wird das gesamte elektromechanische System analysiert, um das volle Energiesparpotenzial zu erfassen – beginnend mit dem Lastprofil des transportierten Förderguts bis hin zur elektrischen Energieversorgung. Hierzu werden alle Systemkomponenten modelliert, um die Verluste in verschiedenen Betriebspunkten im Volllast- und Teillastbereich abzuschätzen.
Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Erarbeitung praktikabler Projektierungshinweise und prozessspezifischer Auswahldiagramme, welche eine schnelle Vorauswahl der energieeffizientesten Antriebstopologie ermöglichen. Da die Verlustmodelle auf frei zugänglichen Datenblattangaben basieren, können die vorgestellten Methoden und Auswahlkriterien bereits in einem frühen Projektierungsstadium zur Auslegung einer energieeffizienten Transportanlage angewandt werden.
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Chávez, Lobatón Omar Roberto, Alhuay Joanna Stephany Eléspuru, Morales Roberto Andrés Reynoso, Chaffo Marco Antonio Urbina, and Arias Kevin Grimaldo Pérez. "Dirección de Proyecto con la aplicación de la Guía del PMBOK® y de las buenas prácticas del PMI en el proyecto de ampliación del Sistema de Transporte de equipaje del aeropuerto Internacional Kuntur (AIK)." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626426.
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Peruvian Airport Company (en adelante PAC) es la empresa a la cual se le ha adjudicado la concesión del mantenimiento, ampliación y administración del Aeropuerto Internacional Kuntur (en adelante AIK).
De acuerdo con el contrato de concesión y el Plan de Desarrollo mínimo para la modernización de la infraestructura aeroportuaria, PAC está obligado a cumplir con hitos de inversión y mejoras obligatorias relacionadas con el incremento de las operaciones aeroportuarias.
Para poder cumplir con ello, se busca que para el año 2022 el sistema actual incremente su capacidad de procesamiento de equipajes de 1,735 a 3,229 equipajes/hora en horario de máxima demanda. Mediante la implementación del programa “Mejoras en el sistema de transporte de equipajes” se busca ampliar y mejorar el sistema actual y evitar “cuellos de botella” y picos de demanda que podrían generar reclamos por parte de las aerolíneas y multas por incumplimiento de parte del organismo regulador (OSITRAN – MTC).
Este programa está conformado por cuatro proyectos: Upgrade del sistema de máquinas de rayos X, Mejoras en el sistema de transferencia, Trabajos de Infraestructura y Ampliación e instalación de fajas transportadoras.
El proyecto objeto de estudio del presente trabajo de investigación, es la Ampliación e instalación de fajas transportadoras en las zonas 01 a la 07 y deberá ser ejecutado en 453 días, desde el 06/02/2017 hasta el 31/10/2018.
Se proyecta un valor actual neto de U$ 1,679,821 utilizando la tasa de retorno WACC de 9.26% y un presupuesto de $. 4,744,521.Peruvian Airport Company (PAC) is the company that has been awarded the maintenance, expansion and administration of Kuntur International Airport (AIK). In accordance with the concession contract and the Minimum Development Plan for the modernization of airport infrastructure, PAC is obliged to comply with investment milestones and mandatory improvements related to the increase airport operations. In order to comply with this, the current system should process approximately 3,229 bags/hour during peak demand hours by 2022; however, it currently only processes 1,735 bags/hour. The implementation of the "Improvements in the baggage transport system" program seeks to expand and improve the current system and avoid "bottlenecks" and spikes in demand that could lead to airline claims and fines for non-compliance by the regulatory body (OSITRAN – MTC). This program involves four projects: Upgrade of the X-ray machine system, Improvements in the transfer system, Infrastructure Works and Expansion and installation of conveyor belts. The project under study covers only the supervision of the expansion and installation of conveyor belts in zones 01 to 07 and should be implemented in 453 days, from 06/02/2017 to 29/10/2018. A net present value of $1,679,821 is projected using WACC return rate 9.26% and a budgeted amount of $. 4,744,521.
Trabajo de investigación
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Shen, Jiahe. "Numerical and experimental investigation of dynamic belt and bulk material interactions in belt conveyor systems." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1398140.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Belt conveyors are used extensively in the field of bulk material transport and handling. With the trend of faster and longer operating belt conveyor systems, it has become increasingly important to investigate the dynamic belt deflection in order to quantify and reduce the flexure resistance. Dynamic belt deflection refers to the deformation of the belt when transporting a bulk material over successive idler sets and is closely associated with the interaction of the belt and bulk material. The complexity of the interaction increases as the belt deforms and deflects according to the induced bulk material pressure distribution. The work presented in this thesis analyses the dynamic belt deflection through the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). While the DEM is advanced in describing the behaviour of each individual particle, the FEM is suitable for analysing structural components subjected to external forces. This study presents a coupled FEM-DEM model developed for predicting dynamic belt deflection, in which the open source software Code_Aster (FEM) and Liggghts (DEM) are applied and coupled through an interface programmed in Python. Based on the developed coupled model, the dynamic belt deflection is investigated over a range of belt speeds and tensions for a number of bulk materials. To validate the coupled FEM-DEM model, a method based on the photogrammetry technique is developed and used to experimentally measure the dynamic belt deflection. A specially designed test rig that reverses the movement of the belt and idlers by recirculating the idlers underneath a fixed belt is utilised. Furthermore, this research work also presents the application of the coupled FEM-DEM model in calculating the bulk material flexure resistance. The coupled FEM-DEM model developed in conjunction with the underlying theory allows readers to predict the dynamic belt deflection and flexure resistance, and therefore facilitates the design of belt conveyors used in industry.
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Couch, Brian. "A coupled model for material flexure resistance in belt conveyor systems." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1321944.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)A coupled model approach to modelling of belt and bulk solid interactions of a belt conveyor system, with particular emphasis on enabling accurate predictions of the flexural losses of the bulk solid. This is achieved using the finite element analysis approach for modelling the bulk solid flexure and forces, coupled with a belt flexural model that uses the central difference modelling approach.
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Robinson, Peter William Alexander. "Dynamics of open and closed belt conveyor systems incorporating multiple drives." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1312200.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The incorporation of conveyor systems throughout industry has seen an increase in demand for systems that exceed the specification of conventional conveyors. This coupled with the demand to convey bulk materials over larger distances, at higher speeds and efficiencies, requires the development of a versatile design approach. This thesis explores the design aspects associated with modern pouch conveying systems, and how they vary, and can be adapted from theories used with conventional troughed conveyors. In particular, the indentation rolling resistance (IRR) is explored in detail, as this can account for up to 60% of the drag forces of a system. This is the drag force that arises due to an asymmetric pressure distribution as the idler roll shell indents the bottom cover of the belt. The potential idler roll arrangements for a generic pouch conveying system are analysed, and compared with experimental values. In addition to this, the drive traction attainable from suitable drive stations is analysed. Troughed conveyors typically wrap the conveyor belt around a large drive pulley, generating large amounts of traction. Given the layout of pouch conveying systems, a different approach is required, at multiple locations. As such, pouch conveyors are typically driven through simply supported drive stations, with small areas of contact with the belt. The useable traction from these point contact drives is considered. These theories are then united and applied to a dynamic package capable of handling multiple conveyor designs. This package utilises Finite Element Modelling (FEM) to model the viscoelastic nature of the system, based on the distributed drag forces, and inputs of the conveyor. Lastly, to qualify this theory, experimental analysis is conducted on an on-site installation, and compared with the theoretical results.
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Ilic, Dusan. "Bulk solid interactions in belt conveying systems." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1036832.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)In the field of bulk solid materials handling, belt conveyor systems play an important role in the productivity of mines, ports and processing plants. A vast range of bulk solid materials are handled and understanding the influence of their characteristics on the interactions throughout the system is critical to ensuring performance and reliability. Integral areas of belt conveying systems include transportation, discharge, re-direction, transfer, loading and acceleration of bulk solid materials. In all of these areas, bulk solid interactions occur within the material itself, with the conveyor belt and the encompassing environment. To date, techniques used to investigate bulk solid material interactions in belt conveying systems have been based on classical engineering mechanics and conventional continuum “lump” based analyses. These analyses traditionally rely on bulk solid material properties which are extracted from standardised tests and measurement procedures. Based on a determined set of parameters describing the characteristic nature of the bulk solid material handled, existing theoretical approaches are presented and applied in the analysis of the belt conveyor system. Testing procedures for the determination of these parameters are also presented. In contrast, Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) analysis focuses on the intrinsic constituents (individual particles) that effectively make up the “lump” and allows a more detailed investigation into such interactions. Due to the dissociation between existing standardised tests and measurement of parameters required for DEM analysis, calibration techniques are developed from which a set of characterising parameters of the modelled bulk solid material may be obtained. A number of calibration tests implemented for the selection of characterising modelling parameters are applied and presented with results compared to laboratory and full scale tests. Following selection of DEM parameters, an in-depth study of each area of bulk solid interactions in belt conveying systems is presented. The work embodied in this thesis will investigate and evaluate the existing theoretical approaches through the application of continuum mechanics and DEM, both individually and in combination. Laboratory experiments, full scale tests and site observations are used to validate the analyses presented.
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Nkomonde, Noxolo. "An investigation into the life cycle costs of a two-flight conveyor versus a single-flight conveyor by analysis of the system reliability, availability, maintainability and overall economic viability." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10998.
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M.Ing. (Engineering Management)In a tender bid to energy and chemical company Sasol, a request to offer a technical solution for a two-flight overland conveyor system whose function is to transport coal from a 15 000 tonne bunker into an external stockpile storage facility in the plant was made. This conveyor consisted of two conveyor flight sections of lengths 18 423m and 8 537m each. The prospect of combining the two flights of conveyors to form one, super-efficient conveyor structure with additional cost saving benefits was identified. It was found that this occurrence was not unique to the individual project as other researching engineers have been faced with similar problems before [18]. This then lead the researcher into believing that there could be some advantage in investigating the possible benefits to the overall cost, maintainability and scheduling of the fabrication and erection activities for the entire project of combining the multiple flight conveyors into a single-flight conveyor. It is also the conviction of the researcher that the achieved outcomes will prove beneficial to the bulk materials handling industry as a whole. The problem is traditionally short, multiple flight conveyors have always been used for performing the function of transporting bulk material from one location in a mining plant to another hence; long, single-flight overland conveyors of lengths exceeding 26 km have not been commonly installed. In this dissertation the possibility of employing a single-flight overland as opposed to a two-flight conveyor in the Sasol Impumelelo coal plant is investigated. This is done against the work of other researchers who have conducted similar studies in the field as well as by utilizing project-specific data using applicable industry standards as well as Engineering Management course theory. By employing actual project procurement and engineering design data; the investigation is done by calculating and comparing the individual capital and operational costs that encompass the total cost of ownership (TCO) for both conveyor systems as well as the two systems’ reliability, availability and maintainability to establish each system’s complete life cycle costs. It is the opinion of the researcher that the investigation method is valid as it is in line with the guidelines given by The Miami University of Ohio [24] as well as J Hanek [25] and thus provides the researcher with a plausible technique for establishing which between the single-flight overland conveyor and two-flight overland conveyor configurations is overall the more superior system to install. It was found that even though its initial capital and operational costs are higher; the single-flight conveyor system is more reliable, readily available and cheaper to run and sustain over the 30 year expected life-span of the plant. It also is less labour intensive to perform maintenance on, yields less material degradation and results in less material spillage because of the elimination of additional transfer points and transfer towers. These results can be taken as valid on a global scale, for any mining plant, not restricted to any specific material as they are not subject to South African temperature, altitude or seismic conditions nor are they constrained to the type of bulk material being mined.
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CHANG, YU-KAI, and 張育愷. "Study on the Reducing of Particle Production Capacity of the Clean Room Belt Conveyor System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63354578165802007736.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
101
The development of the core technique for clean room FOUP belt conveyor is dominated by foreign companies till now, and there is no opportunity for domestic manufactures to enter this market segment so that the prices remain high. However, due to the trend of cost reduction nowadays, many semiconductor manufacturers start seeking for the alternative solution in Taiwan, which is cheaper, in order to gain more gross margin. Therefore, the alternative solution proposed is investigated in this study. The main purpose of this report is to investigate the design of the particle control, which is to reduce it between pulleys and belts friction by making use of CAE to do analysis, and also to compare with the traditional flat belts through the conveyor developed by mirle to conduct the no load operation for the particle measurement. The measurement is performed at the location of four pulleys respectively-the driving side A and the driving side B, and the passive side A and the passive side B. Furthermore, each position is also divided into three points for measurement. In this study, the result of the measurement shows that the volume of the particle measured for non continual belt is higher than the standard of FOUP Class 100, and the driving side A is the most serious position. Therefore, by means of using the passive cover to suppress the particle generated inside the machine, not to spread out in the air, the result successfully shows that the particle 0.3 μm is controlled under 85~94 particles, and 0.5μm is controlled under 37~41 particles, which is under the criteria of Class 100.
21
Fang, Xiaodan. "Power control for optimizing RFID tag reading rate in multi-reader environment a study on conveyor belt system /." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Fang_okstate_0664M_10371.pdf.
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22
Täschner, Dirk. "Untersuchungen der akustischen Wirkung von Tragrollen zur zielgerichteten Lärmminderung an Gurtförderanlagen." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23110.
Full textAbstract:
Gurtförderanlagen werden im Bergbau und anderen Industriezweigen zum Transport von Schüttgütern eingesetzt. Der Anlagenbetrieb ist mit Geräuschemissionen verbunden. Dies kann bei Kontrolle und Wartung eine erhöhte Lärmbelastung für betroffene Mitarbeiter hervorrufen. Im Umfeld von Wohnbebauungen oder schutzbedürftigen Objekten kann die Überschreitung von Immissionsrichtwerten zu einer zeitlichen Betriebseinschränkung der hocheffizienten Anlagen führen. Zur Lärmminderung an der Quelle oder deren Nähe erfordert dies technische Schallschutzmaßnahmen.
Die Tragrollen im Obertrum der Gurtförderanlagen sind bei der akustischen Wirkung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit einem Prüfstand für Tragrollen ist deren Schallleistung bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten bestimmbar. Die Ergebnisse lassen Rückschlüsse auf die mechanische Belastung und die Schallemission beim Betrieb in einer Förderanlage zu.
Die Arbeit benennt die Ursachen der Geräuschemissionen beim Ablauf der Rollen und stellt diese in Verbindung mit den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche und der Außermittigkeit der Drehachse dar. Die Prüfung beider Parameter basiert auf einer Rundlaufmessung. Die gewonnenen winkelabhängigen Daten erlauben eine Berechnung der Exzentrizität der Drehachse und des Verlaufs der Kreisformabweichung auf dem Rollenmantel. Daraus abgeleitete Kennwerte dienen als Vorgaben zur Anpassung und Entwicklung von Herstellungsverfahren sowie zur gezielten Auswahl geräuscharmer Tragrollen für Gurtförderanlagen.:1 Veranlassung und Bedeutung des Themas
2 Stand der Technik und des Wissens
3 Weiterentwicklung von Methoden zur Erfassung der Geräuschemission
an Gurtförderanlagen
4 Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Prüfstandes zur Beschreibung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Tragrollen
5 Mathematische Modellierung zur Aufnahme geometrischer
Rundlaufeigenschaften von Tragrollen
6 Technikums- und Feldversuche zur Validierung des mathematischen
Modells und der akustischen Wirkung
7 Schlussfolgerungen zur Geräuschminderung an FörderanlagenBelt conveyor systems are used in mining operations and other industry sectors to transport bulk material. The plant operation is being linked to noise emissions. During inspections and maintenance this can cause an increased noise exposure for affected employees. In the environment of residential buildings or areas in need of protection the exceedance of immission guideline values can lead to a temporary operational limitation of these highly efficient plants. Noise abatement measures primarily at the source or in the vicinity are required to reduce noise immission. The idlers on the carrying belt side of the belt conveyor systems are of crucial importance to the acoustical properties. Their sound power level is determinable at different belt speeds with a test stand for idlers. The results allow conclusions about the mechanical stress and sound emissions during operation in a belt conveyor system. The thesis identifies the sources of noise during the roll process and places them in conjunction with the properties of the surface and the centre offset of the axis. The examination of these two parameters is based on a total indicator reading (TIR) measurement. The angle-dependent data obtained allow a calculation of the eccentricity of the axis and the curve of the circular deviation of the roller tubes. Therefrom derived characteristic values serve as specifications for the adaptation and development of manufacturing processes as well as for a careful selection of low noise idlers for belt conveyors.:1 Veranlassung und Bedeutung des Themas 2 Stand der Technik und des Wissens 3 Weiterentwicklung von Methoden zur Erfassung der Geräuschemission an Gurtförderanlagen 4 Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Prüfstandes zur Beschreibung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Tragrollen 5 Mathematische Modellierung zur Aufnahme geometrischer Rundlaufeigenschaften von Tragrollen 6 Technikums- und Feldversuche zur Validierung des mathematischen Modells und der akustischen Wirkung 7 Schlussfolgerungen zur Geräuschminderung an Förderanlagen
23
Chen, shihyang, and 陳仕洋. "The Study of Adhesion Strength of Different Physical Pre-treatments on Two-step Dip System of Conveyer Belts." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55720346401107921523.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
化學工程與材料工程學系奈米材料碩士班
100
This research is to study the high strength polyester/nylon fabric pre-treat by microwave, oxygen plasma and far-infrared, for the purpose of making better wetting ability and fiber surface got rougher. And surface activate by dipping isocyanate solution. Improve the coating performance and activation of RFL solution, in order to the hot pressing with rubber for conveyor belt product has better adhesion strength. In this study, the high strength polyester/nylon fabric has been treated both side by the following conditions, 490W with 60s by microwave, 240W with 60s by oxygen plasma, and 200℃ with 20s by far-infrared. As the result of treatments, the fiber surface changed from smooth to rough and etching effect was occurred after treated, the surface area of fiber was increased as well. The contact angle testing is by glycerol dropping the fabric and testing 15s with interval between 0.5s to get a data. The wetting ability was improved after treated, and the absorption rate is faster than the untreated fabric. The final contact angle of untreated fabric is 25.4 degrees, and the best final contact angle of treatment condition is that first treat by oxygen plasma then treat by far-infrared, the final contact angle is 14.1 degrees. The tensile broken strength is decreased to 13.99%, the treatment condition is that first treat by oxygen plasma then treat by far-infrared, it is within industry standard for less than 15%. The pick up ratio is 32.63%, the treatment condition is that first treat by microwave then treat by far-infrared. The pick up ratio is about 31.35% of pre-dipping fabric, the treatment conditions are that first treat by far-infrared then treat by microwave, and first treat by microwave then treat by oxygen plasma. After pre-dipping without pre-treatment, the adhesion strength of fabric and fabric layer compared with the untreated has raised up to 12.7kgf (23.30%), and fabric and rubber layer has raised up to 12.1kgf (28.72%). With both of pre-treatment and pre-dipping, the adhesion strength of fabric and fabric layer compared with the untreated has raised up 17.3kgf (69.96%), the treatment condition is that first treat by oxygen plasma then treat by far-infrared. The adhesion strength of fabric and rubber layer has raised up to 18.5kgf (96.81%) the treatment condition is that first treat by far-infrared then treat by oxygen plasma.
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Lin, Feng-I., and 林鳳儀. "The Effect of Achievements Bonus System to the Motivation of Production Department Employees in the Rubber Conveyor Belt Industry-A Case Study of HYC Company." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21513675007171072803.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
97
Rubber conveyor belt is used be classified to so-called 3K industry, Japanese pronunciation (means hard physical work (kitsui)、dirty (kitanai)、and dangerous (kikem)). The fixed cost is higher than others because of the investment for production facilities is huge, and the labor cost keep increasing due to the government policies in these few years. All the situations make it tougher to run this kind of business under the double pressures come from outside and inside of the industry. However, enterprises whom are under the same circumstances have to work hard on eliminate all waste and keep introducing cost down activities for becoming more competitive. The effects of incentive to the employees of production department comes from a well designed achievement bonus system, which can help to improve productivity, reduce cost, increase profit and bring competitive advantages to enterprise. This study takes the sample from Hsin Yung Chien Co., Ltd. when they put their achievements bonus into practice. This research discussing about the key elements for an enterprise to implement this system, it can also be a reference data for other companies to introduce this system. The detail of research as below: 1. The motivation system should be set under the premise of organizations objective, adequately considered the principle of fairness to all members and yet competitive to others, design the index with quantification analysis, in accordance with the same work in same industry and the same area, and also have to consider the paying level of the total market. 2. A good enterprise with good working environment, modern facilities and good welfare system is easy to be copied by other competitors. The only solution to make the enterprise with capability beyond competitors is to combine with a suitable incentive system to employees. Through the achievement inspection employees can know more about their strength and weakness, help them to enhance expertise and provide timely training and opportunities for study. Only a strategy that established on base of achievement inspection can bring the max benefit to “management”. 3. Due to the higher fixed cost of the rubber industry in Taiwan, enterprise can only increase the profit through adequately operating of facilities to enhance productivity and quality level. The employee of production department is playing a key roll in this part. In order to keep long and continuously encouraging for employees working will and potential also enhance organizational achievement and keep capable workers, use achievements bonus as an incentive method is a much more direct and effective way. 4. In view of achievement evaluation, the performance must be clearly known by employees. The management and employee in the organization can know clearly about organizations objective and performance though the procedure transferring those scores of inspected items into the achievement performance of overall goal, further more to establish a common consensus for all the members. 5. The achievement bonus system should combine personal and team performance with salary system. The benefit of the combination is that employees can easily to know their goal to work for, and enhance team work between each other in the production department.
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Cassone, Deandra Tillman. "A computer simulation of the palletizing system at Frito-Lay, Inc. in Topeka, Kansas." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27410.
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Schützhold, Jörg. "Auswahlsystematik für energieeffiziente quasistationäre elektrische Antriebssysteme: - am Beispiel von Pumpen- und Förderbandanlagen -." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30146.
Full textAbstract:
Rund 70 % der Energieaufnahme von elektrischen Antriebssystemen wird von quasistationären Antrieben in Transportanlagen hervorgerufen. Eine gesteigerte Energieeffizienz führt neben reduzierten Energiekosten zu weiteren Nutzeffekten, wie z.B. einem verringerten Kühlaufwand, einem kleinerem Bauraum und einer höheren Lebensdauer der Komponenten. Zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz dieser Transportanlagen werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden zur Auslegung der zugehörigen Antriebssysteme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Förderprozesses erarbeitet. Als repräsentative Transportanwendungen werden Pumpen- und Förderbandanlagen untersucht.
Dabei wird das gesamte elektromechanische System analysiert, um das volle Energiesparpotenzial zu erfassen – beginnend mit dem Lastprofil des transportierten Förderguts bis hin zur elektrischen Energieversorgung. Hierzu werden alle Systemkomponenten modelliert, um die Verluste in verschiedenen Betriebspunkten im Volllast- und Teillastbereich abzuschätzen.
Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Erarbeitung praktikabler Projektierungshinweise und prozessspezifischer Auswahldiagramme, welche eine schnelle Vorauswahl der energieeffizientesten Antriebstopologie ermöglichen. Da die Verlustmodelle auf frei zugänglichen Datenblattangaben basieren, können die vorgestellten Methoden und Auswahlkriterien bereits in einem frühen Projektierungsstadium zur Auslegung einer energieeffizienten Transportanlage angewandt werden.