Relevant bibliographies by topics / Belt drives

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Belt drives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Belt drives"

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SZCZYPIŃSKI-SALA, Wojciech, Krzysztof DOBAJ, and Adam KOT. "FRICTIONAL PROBLEMS IN CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION BELT DRIVES." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5923.

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The article describes the results of the research carried out on the evaluation of the influence of friction pairs (rubber belt – belt pulley in belt drive) on the ability to transmit power. In order to determine the characteristics of the belt drive operation, measurements were made on a real belt drive from the drive train of a light two-wheeled vehicle. The measurement was carried out in conditions of changes in the dynamic load. The measurements of the belt slip on the belt pulley within the whole range of the changes of gear ratios and angular speed of the engine were made. During the tests, belts made from various rubber mixtures were compared. The values of the friction coefficients between the surface of belts and the belt pulley were measured. Model analyses of the impact of belt slip on the wheel related to the temperature of Belt drive elements were also made. Generally, one can ascertain that, in belt drive systems, power losses are a combination of speed losses and torque losses. The increase in the efficiency of belt drives is possible by decreasing power losses. It is possible to obtain the high performance of continuously variable transmission belt drives with a V- belt solely with the proper choice of the design parameters, which is possible only after the exact recognition of the operational characteristics unique to this class of belt drive systems.
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Yurchenko, Vadim, and Valeriy Nesterov. "Non-reloading coal transportation in the eastern inclined shaft of “Raspadskaya” mine." E3S Web of Conferences 303 (2021): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130301027.

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The planned increase in the mine output from 6.5 to 13.6 million tons per year has set the task of reconstructing a conveyor transport in the eastern inclined shaft of the Raspadskaya mine. The roadway length is 4100 m; the reduced inclination angle is +7°40´. An attempt was made to combine all the positive global practices in one project: the distribution of drive power along the length of a conveyor belt, minimizing the capital cost of implementation. Within the framework of this article, an approach to choosing the speed of a con-veyor belt is discussed, a comparative analysis of the two most com-mon types of intermediate “tripper-type” and “belt-to-belt” drives is given; calculation of a belt conveyor with intermediate “belt-to-belt” drives providing non-reloading conveying in the eastern inclined shaft. Pull force calculations showed that a conveyor belt with four interme-diate “belt-to-belt” drives can be implemented as follows: belt width – 1400 mm, belt speed – 4.0 m/s, mono-material load-carrying belt – PVG-4000, mono-material drive belt – PVG-1400, 2-pulley drive units when mounted on one side: head drive power – 2×1000 = 2000 kW, intermediate drive power – 2×1600 = 3200 kW. Thus, the use of a conveyor belt with four intermediate “belt-to-belt” drives in the in-clined shaft will give the following results: non-reloading transporta-tion over the entire length of the shaft, reducing the additional degra-dation of transported coal due to the exclusion of reloading points, minimizing costs through the use of less durable belts, minimizing costs of sinking an inclined shaft of a smaller cross-section.
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Gerbert, G., and J. de Mare´. "Belt Number Factor in Multiple V-Belt Drives." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826891.

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Tolerances on belts and pulleys lead to a nonuniform tension distribution among the belts in a multiple belt drive. Material imperfections lead to a service life distribution. Both phenomena contributes to the life of the drive i.e. the shortest life of any of the belts. To compensate for life reduction a belt number factor is introduced. The combined effect of tension and life distributions is simulated and compared with analyses. It appears that life distribution is the major contributor. Practical values of the belt number factor are presented.
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UEDA, Hiroyuki, and Masanori KAGOTANI. "BCD-07 TRNSMISSION ERROR IN SYNCHRONOUS BELT DRIVES UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS(BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.636.

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Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Mechanics and Sliding Friction in Belt Drives With Pulley Grooves." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 2 (June 23, 2005): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168469.

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The steady mechanics of a two-pulley belt drive system are examined where the pulley grooves, belt extension and wedging in the grooves, and the associated friction are considered. The belt is modeled as an axially moving string with the tangential and normal accelerations incorporated. The pulley grooves generate two-dimensional radial and tangential friction forces whose undetermined direction depends on the relative speed between belt and pulley along the contact arc. Different from single-pulley analyses, the entry and exit points between the belt spans and pulleys must be determined in the analysis due to the belt radial penetration into the pulley grooves and the coupling of the driver and driven pulley solutions. A new computational technique is developed to find the steady mechanics of a V-belt drive. This allows system analysis, such as speed/torque loss and maximum tension ratio. The governing boundary value problem (BVP) with undetermined boundaries is converted to a fixed boundary form solvable by a general-purpose BVP solver. Compared to flat belt drives or models that neglect radial friction, significant differences in the steady belt-pulley mechanics arise in terms of belt radial penetration, free span contact points, tension, friction, and speed variations.
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Abrate, Serge. "Vibrations of belts and belt drives." Mechanism and Machine Theory 27, no. 6 (November 1992): 645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-114x(92)90064-o.

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Ueda, H., M. Kagotani, T. Koyama, and M. Nishioka. "Noise and Life of Helical Timing Belt Drives." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829454.

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A new helical timing belt has been developed to reduce noise. In the present study, three belts, each having a curvilinear tooth profile and helix angles of 3 deg, 5 deg and 10 deg, respectively, were designed. The noise and life of the helical timing belt under a constant transmission force are compared with those of a conventional timing belt, in which the helix angle is zero. The noise level of the new helical belts having helix angles of 5 deg or 10 deg was found to be around 5 dB(A) lower than the conventional belt. The belt life was found to be almost identical for each type when the installation tension was set while the slack side tension for the transmission force was lowest. The results of the present study showed that helical belts should be selected for applications in which noise is a crucial factor.
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Kong, L., and R. G. Parker. "Microslip friction in flat belt drives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x31959.

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The microslip shear model of belt mechanics is extended to fully incorporate belt inertia effects and used to analyse the steady state of a two-pulley drive. The belt is modelled as an axially moving string consisting of a tension-bearing member and a pliable elastomer envelope. Relative displacement between the tension-bearing member and the pulley surfaces shears the elastomer envelope, transferring the friction from the pulley surface to the tension-bearing member. The belt-pulley contact arcs consist of adhesion and sliding zones. Static friction exists in the adhesion zones, whereas kinetic friction exists in the sliding zones. An iteration method involving one outer and two inner loops is proposed to find the steady mechanics, including the sliding and adhesion zones, belt-pulley friction, and belt tension distribution. The outer loop iterates on the tight span tension similar to that used in published creep models. Two inner loops iterate on the tight span and driven pulley speeds respectively, necessitated by the speed differences between the tension-bearing member and the pulley at the entry points in the shear theory. Comparisons between the shear and creep models are conducted. Dramatic differences in belt-pulley mechanics between these two models are highlighted. Nevertheless, the key system performance measures such as the belt tight/slack span tensions, the maximum transmissible moment, and efficiency differ only modestly for the most normal operating conditions. Correspondingly, the adoption of the creep model for flat belts in industry is well justified because it is well developed and simple, although the shear model seems more relevant for modern belts with grid layers.
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Kagotani, Masanori, Hiroyuki Ueda, and Tomio Koyama. "Transmission Error in Helical Timing Belt Drives (Case of a Period of Pulley Pitch)." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1326916.

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Helical timing belts have been developed in order to reduce the noise that occurs when conventional timing belts are driven. Helical timing belts are characterized by synchronous rotation. Although several studies have been performed to clarify the noise characteristics and belt life of helical timing belts, the transmission error of these belts remains unclear. In the present study, the transmission error having a period of one pitch of the pulley was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for helical timing belt drives. Experimental conditions were such that the transmission force acts on the helical timing belts under quasi-static conditions and the belt incurs belt climbing at the beginning of meshing and at the end of meshing. Experimental results obtained for the transmission error agreed closely with the computed results. The computed results revealed that helical timing belts can be analyzed as a set of very narrow belts for which the helix angle is zero. The transmission error was found to decrease when the helix angle or the belt width increase within a range defined such that the face advance is less than one belt pitch. In addition, there exists an appropriate installation tension that reduces the transmission error.
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Townsend, W. T., and J. K. Salisbury. "The Efficiency Limit of Belt and Cable Drives." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267462.

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Compliant belt and cable drives cannot approach perfect efficiency. Some friction loss in the form of belt/pulley slippage must be present. Thermodynamic principles may be applied to a simple control volume drawn around a belt or cable drive to show that there is a limit on efficiency. This maximum efficiency applies to all belt and cable drives. Chain/sprocket drives, though similar to belt and cable drives, may not be limited to this efficiency. Consequences of the analysis relevant to belt and cable transmission design are that: (1) multiple transmission stages degrade the total efficiency, and (2) it is best to maximize the cable or belt speed and stiffness per unit length for a given power transmitted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Belt drives"

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Kong, Lingyuan. "Coupled belt-pulley mechanics in serpentine belt drives." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1069789616.

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Lioy, Gerald T. "Optimization of an elastic drive belt system using an algorithm of automated optimal design /." Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/9042.

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Tabatabaei, Lofty Seyed Mohammad. "Mechanical performance of v-ribbed belt drives." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21092/.

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The design and shape of a v-ribbed belt affects its radial movement in the pulley grooves. When rib bottom/ groove tip contact occurs the wedge action decreases. The beginning of the contact depends on belt tension, fit between rib and groove, wear and material properties. For the first time a non-contact laser displacement meter has been used for dynamic measurements of the radial movement of a v-ribbed belt (type 3PK) around the arc of wrap running on a belt testing rig. Accurate and repeatable results are possible. By the help of this device, the radial movement and the beginning of the rib bottom/groove tip contact around the arc of wrap have been determined experimentally for tested v-ribbed belts. This point plays an important role in the mechanical performance of v-ribbed belt drives. Two sizes of standard pulleys were used for mechanical testing. These were paired with nominal effective diameters, de =45 mm and de =80 mm. Tests were carried out at the speed of c.o =2000 RPM and two different values of total belt tensions (F, + F,) for three different types of rib bottom/groove tip contact. (i) Without contact (ii) With contact (iii) Mixed contact. Slip, torque loss and maximum torque capacity have been measured experimentally during the tests. A v-ribbed belt is assumed to be a combination of a flat belt and a v-belt with the same radial movement of the two parts. Based on these assumptions a new theory is developed for the mechanical performance of v-ribbed belt drives, which gives a new modification to Euler's equation (capstan formula). By the help of Maple V (mathematical standard library software) numerical solutions for theoretical modelling give the variation of non-dimensional values of v-ribbed belt tension, flat belt part of v-ribbed belt tension, v-belt part of v-ribbed belt tension, radial movement and sliding angle with the length of active arc. This theory has been developed to obtain expressions for speed loss (slip) in linear and non-linear zones. The experimental and theoretical results show that the radial movement and slip of the v-ribbed belt with rib bottom I groove tip contact is slightly less than the values without contact. However, in spite of more or less apparent similar performance of v-ribbed belt with and without rib bottom contact, it is found experimentally and theoretically that the compressed rubber of the belt (between cord and pulley) is subjected to a variable internal shear force around the pulley after contact.
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Kim, Dooroo. "Dynamic modeling of belt drives using the elastic/perfectly-plastic friction law." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29637.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Leamy, Michael; Committee Member: Costello, Mark; Committee Member: Ferri, Aldo. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Matson, Gary. "Computer aided design of multiple pulley timing belt drives /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10411.

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Chowdhury, Sanjib. "Effect of Shaft Vibration on the Dynamics of Gear and Belt Drives." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267990279.

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Parker, Ian Kenneth. "Synchronous belt mechanics and life prediction : a fundamental investigation into the mechanics of toothed belts for automotive camshaft drives, and the prediction of belt life in operation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294351.

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ter, Beek Marc [Verfasser]. "Active control of coupled vibrations in belt drives for power transmission / Marc ter Beek." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1138177970/34.

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Beek, Marc ter [Verfasser]. "Active control of coupled vibrations in belt drives for power transmission / Marc ter Beek." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201708132190.

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Zhu, Farong. "Nonlinear dynamics of one-way clutches and dry friction tensioners in belt-pulley systems." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158689667.

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Books on the topic "Belt drives"

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Meyer, Leo A. Fans and v-belt drives. Hayward, CA: LAMA Books, 2002.

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United States International Trade Commission. Industrial belts from Israel, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and West Germany: Determinations of the commission in investigations nos. 701-TA-293-295 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations : determinations of the commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-412-419 (preliminary) ... Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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United States International Trade Commission. Industrial belts from Israel, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and West Germany: Determinations of the Commission in investigation no. 701-TA-293 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation : determinations of the Commission in investigations nos. 731-TA-412 through 419 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigations. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1989.

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Skoĭbeda, Anatoliĭ Tikhonovich. Remennye peredachi. Minsk: "Navuka i tėkhnika", 1995.

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Dufva, Kari. Development of finite elements for large deformation analysis of multibody systems. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2006.

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Perneder, Raimund. Handbook Timing Belts: Principles, Calculations, Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Ovtov, Vladimir. Machine parts. Course design. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1171976.

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The textbook discusses the methodology of course design of general-purpose drives with a single-stage gearbox (cylindrical, conical and worm) and a V-belt or chain transmission. The procedure for calculating gears and constructing assembly drawings of gearboxes is shown, the development of specifications using the COMPASS-3D computer-aided design system is described. Examples of the design of drawings of the general type of the drive, assembly drawings of gearboxes and working drawings of parts of various types of gearboxes are given. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for independent work of students of engineering specialties studying in the bachelor's degree and specialty.
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Derek Bell. London, England: Kimberley's, 1985.

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To beat the beaver. Milton, Vt: H. Dragon, 2009.

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Donna, Glassbrenner. Safety belt use in 2003: Demographic characteristics. Washington, D.C: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Belt drives"

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Richards, Keith L. "Belt Drives." In Design Engineer's Sourcebook, 1039–59. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367514-43.

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Sachs, Neville W. "Belt Drives." In Practical Plant Failure Analysis, 209–25. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429451041-9.

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Harvey, Adam. "13. Introduction; Direct Coupled Drives; Belt Drives; Belt Drive Calculations." In Micro-Hydro Design Manual, 197–217. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445472.013.

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Wu, Lixin. "The Idea of “Transparent Ocean” Drives Future Expansion for China." In China’s Belt and Road Initiatives, 77–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0101-8_8.

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Butnariu, S. "Strategy for Optimizing the Synchronous Belt Drives Design." In SYROM 2009, 495–501. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3522-6_40.

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Greenberg, Steve. "Electric Motor and Belt Retrofits: Measured Savings and Lessons Learned." In Energy Efficiency Improvements in Electric Motors and Drives, 138–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60832-2_11.

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Gorbet, Robert B., and Scott A. Bortoff. "A Novel Approach to Vibration Reduction in Flexible Belt Drives." In Topics in Control and its Applications, 67–80. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0543-5_4.

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Kim, Dae Hwan, Hyun Jong Kim, and Sang Bong Kim. "Closed Loop Motion Synchronous Velocity Control for AC Motor Drives – A Solution for Increasing Speed of a Cross-Belt Sorting Conveyor System." In AETA 2016: Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering and Related Sciences, 577–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50904-4_61.

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Perneder, Raimund, and Ian Osborne. "Timing Belt Drive Technology." In Handbook Timing Belts, 107–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17755-2_3.

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Tillmann, George. "LDM Best Practices." In Usage-Driven Database Design, 69–97. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2722-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Belt drives"

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Leamy, Michael J., and Tamer M. Wasfy. "Dynamic Finite Element Modeling of Belt-Drives." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21342.

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Abstract In this study, a dynamic finite element model is developed for pulley belt-drive systems. The belt is modeled using truss elements, while the pulleys are modeled using rotating circular constraints, for which the driver pulley’s angular velocity is prescribed. Frictional contact between the pulleys and the belt is modeled using a penalty formulation with frictional contact governed by a Coulomb-like tri-linear friction law. The dynamic response of the drive is then studied by incorporating the model into an explicit finite element code, which can maintain time-accuracy for arbitrarily large rotations and for long simulation times. The finite element solution is validated through comparison to an exact analytical solution of a steadily-rotating, two-pulley drive. Several response quantities are compared, including the normal and tangential (friction) force distributions between the pulleys and the belt, the driven pulley angular velocity, and the belt span tensions. Excellent agreement is found.
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Lin, Yeongching, Huihua Shen, Craig Scholar, Richard Meckstroth, and Gary Toth. "Serpentine Accessory Belt Drive Tool: Virtual Prototyping for V-Ribbed Belt Drives." In SAE 2001 Noise & Vibration Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1424.

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Leamy, Michael. "Dynamics Analysis of the Time-Varying Operation of Belt-Drives." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48346.

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For the first time, a closed-form analysis is presented for the time-varying operation of belt-drives. The analysis is developed as a perturbation away from the analysis of a steadily rotating belt-drive. The intent is to derive expressions for the span tensions, the pulley tension distributions, and the driven pulley angular velocity; and to document the existence of a lone slip zone for a belt-drive operating under time-varying conditions. A lone slip zone on the trailing edge of each pulley is well-known for steady operating conditions [Johnson, K.L., 1984],[Smith, D.P., 1999]. An alternative computational solution using an in-house finite element code is also presented, which demonstrates excellent agreement with the response quantities predicted by the analytical solution, and which also verifies the existence of a lone slip zone preceded by a stick zone.
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Sinha, Dipendra K., and Michael T. McDonald. "Automated Design of Optimum Belt Drives." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0082.

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Abstract The paper describes a belt design package which works from within a commercial Computer Aided Design and Drafting package (AutoCAD) environment and utilizes FORTRAN programs for design and selection of lowest weight components for the drive system. The components used in the process are available as stock items in U.S.A. The relevant information on these products is stored in commercial database management systems such as EXCEL and LOTUS 1-2-3. Output from the package consists of scaled drawing and tabular specifications.
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Balovnev, N. P., Yu I. Brovkina, and L. A. Dmitrieva. "V-belt drives for agricultural machines." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON AERONAUTICS, AUTOMOTIVE AND RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES (BulTrans-2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099402.

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Gerbert, Göran. "Driven Pulley Jumping of Timing Belts." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0063.

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Abstract A model and criterium for the jumping limit torque of timing belt drives are presented. The following parameters are considered: pulley geometry, belt geometry, belt strain stiffness, belt tooth stiffness, belt flexural rigidity, shaft stiffness and initial tension. Friction is important in separating jumping on driver and driven pulleys since the jumping behaviour is different at the two sides. Other parameters might influence the jumping limit torque as well. Moreover, great care must be taken to get good parameter data from the test setup. The present analysis is restricted to driven pulleys. Calculated results of jumping limit torque and shaft load are presented for an XL-belt drive. The results exhibit the same behaviour as test results presented in the literature.
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Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Coupled Belt-Pulley Vibration in Serpentine Drives With Belt Bending Stiffness." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48048.

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A method is developed to evaluate the natural frequencies and vibration modes of serpentine belt drives where the belt is modeled as a moving beam with bending stiffness. Inclusion of bending stiffness leads to belt-pulley coupling not captured in moving string models. New dynamic characteristics of the system induced by the belt bending stiffness are investigated. The belt-pulley coupling is studied through the evolution of the vibration modes. When the belt-pulley coupling is strong, the dynamic behavior of the system is quite different from that of the string model where there is no such coupling. The effects of major design variables on the system are discussed. The spatial discretization can be used to solve other hybrid continuous/discrete eigenvalue problems.
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Wasfy, Tamer M., and Michael J. Leamy. "Dynamic Modeling of Synchronous Belt-Drives Using an Explicit Finite Element Code." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85103.

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A time-accurate explicit time-integration finite element code is used to simulate the dynamic response of synchronous belts-drives. The belt is modeled using beam or truss elements. The sprockets are modeled as cylindrical rigid bodies. Normal contact between the belt and a sprocket is modeled using the penalty technique and friction is modeled using an asperity-based approximate Coulomb friction model. The belt teeth/grooves are assumed to be located at the belt nodes (every fixed number of belt nodes). The nodes in-between teeth are subjected to the normal contact and tangential friction forces. The belt and sprocket teeth are assumed to be trapezoidal. The equivalent belt-sprocket tooth stiffness and damping coefficients in the normal tooth contact direction are used to calculate a normal tooth contact force at the belt teeth nodes. The tooth contact model also includes the effect of the tooth engagement tolerance. For validation purposes, a two-sprocket drive is modeled and a comparison is made between tooth loads predicted by the finite element model and experimental data available in the literature. Reasonable agreement between the simulation and experimental results is found of the drive’s tooth loads. Also, the dynamic response of a hybrid sprocket – flat pulley belt-drive is studied.
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Leamy, Michael J., and Tamer M. Wasfy. "Dynamic Finite Element Modeling of Belt-Drives Including One-Way Clutches." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/de-23254.

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Abstract In this study, a dynamic finite element model is developed for pulley belt-drive systems, including systems incorporating oneway clutches. The belt is modeled using truss elements, while the pulleys are modeled using rotating circular constraints, for which the driver pulley’s angular velocity is prescribed. Frictional contact between the pulleys and the belt is modeled using a penalty formulation with frictional contact governed by a Coulomb-like tri-linear friction law. One-way clutch elements are modeled using a proportional torque law supporting torque transmission in a single direction. The dynamic response of the drive is then studied by incorporating the model into an explicit finite element code, which can maintain time-accuracy for large rotations and for long simulation times. The finite element solution is validated through comparison to an exact analytical solution of a steadily-rotating, two-pulley drive. Several response quantities are compared, including the normal and tangential (friction) force distributions between the pulleys and the belt, the driven pulley angular velocity, and the belt span tensions. Excellent agreement is found. Results for a second belt-drive example involving a one-way clutch demonstrates the utility and flexibility of the finite element solution approach.
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Ueda, Hiroyuki, Masanori Kagotani, and Tomio Koyama. "Side Tracking in Helical Synchronous Belt Drives Under Torque: Influence of Pulley Flange on Axial Belt Movement." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48007.

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When helical synchronous belt drives operate under a torque, the belt experiences side tracking, which results in an offset between the position of the belt on the driving pulley and that on the driven pulley. Side tracking causes the belt from running off the pulley. The general countermeasure is to fit a flange either to the driving pulley, to both the driving and driven pulleys, or to one side of the driving pulley and the opposite side on the driven pulley. In this study, the axial movement of helical synchronous belts under torque was investigated when the pulley flange attaches to either the driving pulley or driven pulley. In addition, fatigue tests were conducted in order to ascertain the damage to the side face of the belt. It was found that the offset is effectively reduced when a flange is installed on the driving pulley, on the side that affects the direction of the moved belt, even if a flange is not fitted to the same side of the driven pulley. When a flange is fitted solely on the driven pulley, there is a large offset, but the force of the belt pushing against the flange is reduced. As a result, the damage to the side face of the belt is mitigated.
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Reports on the topic "Belt drives"

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NREL. Replace V-Belts with Cogged or Synchronous Belt Drives (Revision). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020343.

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Okuda, Kazuma, Yasuyuki Komatsu, Shigeru Aoki, Tadashi Fujiwara, and Youichi Nakahara. Study on ISG Belt Drive System for Idling Stop System. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0400.

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Chen, Qing-Lin, Jieng-jang Liu, and Pai-Hsiu Lu. Development of Belt-Driven Starter-Generator Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9071.

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Okura, Kiyoshi, and Yoshihiko Tatsumi. Analysis of Squeal Noise Radiated From Serpentine Belt for Accessories Drive Systems. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0644.

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Ukkusuri, Satish, Konstantina Gkritza, Xinwu Qian, and Arif Mohaimin Sadri. Best Practices for Maximizing Driver Attention to Work Zone Warning Signs. Purdue University, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316338.

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Xu, Tengfang. Best Practices for Energy Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVACSystems: Variable-Speed-Drive Chillers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895796.

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Hwang, David. Formation of Dense Magnetized Plasmas via Laser Generated Beat Wave Current Drive. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157038.

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Hwang, D. Q., R. D. Horton, and J. H. Rogers. Beat wave current drive experiment on the Davis Diverted Tokamak (DDT). Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10141440.

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Drabczyk, Maria, and Johan Oomen. COVID-19 as a Driver for Change in Audiovisual Archives. International Federation of Television Archives, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/coav2021.

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This report captures the various ways in which the cultural heritage sector is adapting, not only to cope with the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also to flourish in the future. It is the result of a joint virtual exchange between members of the International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) and the International Federation of Television Archives (FIAT/IFTA). The aim was to gather professionals from the global archival community and to discuss how positive changes could be identified and sustained, to share best practices and individual experiences, and to collaboratively think out the best ways forward.
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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Amir Bahador Parsa, Homa Taghipour, Amir Davatgari, and Motahare Mohammadi. Best Practice Operation of Reversible Express Lanes for the Kennedy Expressway. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-033.

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Reversible lanes in Chicago’s Kennedy Expressway are an available infrastructure that can significantly improve traffic performance; however, a special focus on congestion management is required to improve their operation. This research project aims to evaluate and improve the operation of reversible lanes in the Kennedy Expressway. The Kennedy Expressway is a nearly 18-mile-long freeway in Chicago, Illinois, that connects in the southeast to northwest direction between the West Loop and O’Hare International Airport. There are two approximately 8-mile reversible lanes in the Kennedy Expressway’s median, where I-94 merges into I-90, and there are three entrance gates in each direction of this corridor. The purpose of the reversible lanes is to help the congested direction of the Kennedy Expressway increase its traffic flow and decrease the delay in the whole corridor. Currently, experts in a control location switch the direction of the reversible lanes two to three times per day by observing real-time traffic conditions captured by a traffic surveillance camera. In general, inbound gates are opened and outbound gates are closed around midnight because morning traffic is usually heavier toward the central city neighborhoods. In contrast, evening peak-hour traffic is usually heavier toward the outbound direction, so the direction of the reversible lanes is switched from inbound to outbound around noon. This study evaluates the Kennedy Expressway’s current reversing operation. Different indices are generated for the corridor to measure the reversible lanes’ performance, and a data-driven approach is selected to find the best time to start the operation. Subsequently, real-time and offline instruction for the operation of the reversible lanes is provided through employing deep learning and statistical techniques. In addition, an offline timetable is also provided through an optimization technique. Eventually, integration of the data-driven and optimization techniques results in the best practice operation of the reversible lanes.
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