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Journal articles on the topic 'Benazir'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Ziring, Lawrence. "Benazir Bhutto." Asian Affairs: An American Review 18, no. 3 (September 1991): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927678.1991.10553546.

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2

Fareed, Ghulam, Dr Ayaz Ali Keerio, Shah Nawaz Mari, Muhammad Ahmed Arain, Sana Ullah, Amir Ali Mastoi, Muhammad Adeel, Muhammad Aslam Mengal, Sajid Ali Shah, and Muhammad Ilyas Badini. "Estimation of Hetrosis in F1 Hybrids of Bread Wheat Genotypes." Journal of Applied Research in Plant Sciences 5, no. 01 (January 9, 2024): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2024.05.169.

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The experiment was conducted for estimation of the heterosis in F1 hybrids in wheat genotypes. The research was conducted at the experimental field of Seed Production Development Centre, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam during Rabi growing season 2019-20. The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications. The performance of parents and their hybrids, and heterotic effects were measured in various aspects like earliness characters (days taken to 75% heading, days taken to 75% maturity), morphological and yield traits like plant height, tillers plant-1, yield plant-1, and a physiology related trait; relative water content. The study consisted of six varieties and their six F1 hybrids. The parents used were TD-1, Benazir-2013, TJ-83, Hamal, Imdad-2005, Kiran-95 and their crosses were as TD-1 × Hamal, TD-1 × Benazir-2013, Benazir-2013 × TD-1, TJ-83 × Benazir-2013, TJ-83 × Imdad, Kiran-95 ×Benazir-2013. Results revealed that all the parents and hybrids were highly significant for all the parameters studied at P<0.01 level. The F1 hybrids Benazir-2013 × TD-1, TD-1 × Benazir-2013, TD-1 × Hamal and Kiran -95 × Benazir-2013 had showed better response in mid parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis for most of the traits except plant height. On the basis of current findings, it could be concluded that these cross combinations may be used in bread wheat for yield improvement
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3

Sharif, Qaiser Muhammad, and Arshad Ali. "PORTRAYAL OF VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN FEATURE FILM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ZIA ERA AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT OF BENAZIR BHUTTO." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1128.

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This research aims to examine the portrayal of violence in Pakistani Feature Films while developing a comparative analysis during the eras of late military dictator General Zia and former Primer Pakistan Benazir Bhutto. As, the two regimes have opposite governance mechanisms; socio-political and religious approaches, wherein cultural activities were practiced with two different lenses. Gen. Zia’s regime imposed cultural sanctions on entertainment programs including films, dramas, and newscasting in the name of enforcing the Islamic system of governance, whereas Benazir Bhutto’s regime provided freedom of expression for liberal thoughts, showbiz programs, and movies on women empowerment. However, this research hypothesis the physical, verbal, and psychological violence portrayed in feature films produced during the regime of Zia was more than the violence portrayed in movies produced during Benazir’s regime. Researchers employed a quantitative approach with content analysis as a research method. Based on the equal allocation method, 5 movies in Urdu and Punjabi languages were taken from Zia’s era, and five movies from Benazir Bhutto’s era. A coding sheet was developed with the assistance of trained coders while dividing data sets into different variables involved in physical, abusive, and psychologically oppressive acts. The study approved cultivation theory as ideas cultivated through films were gratified by the viewers. The results reveal that the time and scenes portraying violence in movies produced during Zia’s era were much higher as compared to the era of Benazir Bhutto. Results showed the steps of women’s empowerment and cultural liberation were reflected in the movies. The women felt empowered and free from any religious or cultural or social taboos involved in creative achievements. The research suggested the government should step forward and design certain definite benchmarks with the recommendations to the Censor Board to adopt and ensure violence-free movies. Keywords: Abusive Language, Comparative Study, Content Analysis, Feature Films, Physical Violence, Women Empowerment
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4

Sharif, Qaiser Muhammad, and Arshad Ali. "PORTRAYAL OF VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN FEATURE FILM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ZIA ERA AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT OF BENAZIR BHUTTO." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1183.

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This research aims to examine the portrayal of violence in Pakistani Feature Films while developing a comparative analysis during the eras of late military dictator General Zia and former Primer Pakistan Benazir Bhutto. As, the two regimes have opposite governance mechanisms; socio-political and religious approaches, wherein cultural activities were practiced with two different lenses. Gen. Zia’s regime imposed cultural sanctions on entertainment programs including films, dramas, and newscasting in the name of enforcing the Islamic system of governance, whereas Benazir Bhutto’s regime provided freedom of expression for liberal thoughts, showbiz programs, and movies on women empowerment. However, this research hypothesis the physical, verbal, and psychological violence portrayed in feature films produced during the regime of Zia was more than the violence portrayed in movies produced during Benazir’s regime. Researchers employed a quantitative approach with content analysis as a research method. Based on the equal allocation method, 5 movies in Urdu and Punjabi languages were taken from Zia’s era, and five movies from Benazir Bhutto’s era. A coding sheet was developed with the assistance of trained coders while dividing data sets into different variables involved in physical, abusive, and psychologically oppressive acts. The study approved cultivation theory as ideas cultivated through films were gratified by the viewers. The results reveal that the time and scenes portraying violence in movies produced during Zia’s era were much higher as compared to the era of Benazir Bhutto. Results showed the steps of women’s empowerment and cultural liberation were reflected in the movies. The women felt empowered and free from any religious or cultural or social taboos involved in creative achievements. The research suggested the government should step forward and design certain definite benchmarks with the recommendations to the Censor Board to adopt and ensure violence-free movies. Keywords: Abusive Language, Comparative Study, Content Analysis, Feature Films, Physical Violence, Women Empowerment
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5

Santoso, Lukman. "Rekonsiliasi Islam Dan Demokrasi: Narasi Politik Benazir Bhutto." Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 16, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v16i2.510.

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Abstract: Pakistan, since independence, there are differences of opinion among the Muslims of Pakistan consisting of secularists, moderate Islamists about how should the implementation of the Islamic politics in Pakistan, giving rise to a prolonged political crisis when today. Pakistan's political turmoil unending birth Pakistani women politicians and thinkers, namely Benazir Bhutto. This paper will focus on the study of Benazir Bhutto thinking about the relationship between Islam and democration in Pakistan. Based on the results of the study, there are some findings: First, Benazir with thoughts that category substantivistik and relatively conflict with Muslim-majority Pakistan (traditionalists and fundamentalists), the ideas in tune with existence, articulation, and a manifestation of Islamic values are intrinsic in the climate modern democrations. Second, the idea of Benazir is a counter discourse to the idea that idealized which Islam should be the political system. Benazir thinking is in line with the paradigm who saw that Islam does not lay down a standard pattern of the theory of the political system must be organized by the people, except for the values and ethical principles. الملخص :كانت في باكستان – منذ حرّيتها – خلافات الآراء عند المسلمين بين العلمانيين والمتوسطين والإسلاميين عن كيفية تطبيق السياسة الإسلامية في باكستان حتى أدّت إلى النزاع السياسيّ الطويل إلى الآن. وظهرت في هذه الفترة النزاعية مفكّرة وسياسيّة بينزر بوطو. حاولت هذه المقالة التركيز في دراسة أفكارها عن التصالح الإسلامي والديموقراطية في باكستان. حصلت هذه الدراسة على النتائج : أولا، كانت بينزر بوطو بما لها من أفكار تميل إلى الأصالة وأفكارها متعارضة بأغلبية المسلمين التقاليديين والأصوليين، وكانت أفكارها موافقة بمكانة القيم الإسلامية الأصيلة وتمثيلها وتطبيقها في ضوء الديموقراطية الحديثة. ثانيا إن هذه الأفكار كردّ تجاه الفكرة المؤيّدة ليكون الإسلام أساسا للدولة. كانت هذه الأفكار تواكب بفكرة أن الإسلام لا يضع نظرية معيّنة لبناء الدولة يعتنقها المسلمون إلا الأسس العامة فقط والقيم فيها. Abstrak: Pakistan, sejak kemerdekaannya, terdapat perbedaan pendapat dikalangan kaum muslim Pakistan yang terdiri dari kelompok sekular, moderat dan Islamis tentang bagaimana implementasi Islam politik di Pakistan, sehingga menimbulkan kemelut kekuasaan yang berkepanjangan hingga kini. Ditengah kemelut politik Pakistan yang tidak berkesudahan tersebut lahirlah politisi dan pemikir perempuan Pakistan, yakni Benazir Bhutto. Tulisan ini akan memfokuskan kajian pada pemikiran Benazir Bhutto tentang rekonsiliasi Islam dan demokrasi di Pakistan. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, terdapat beberapa temuan, yaitu: Pertama, Benazir dengan pemikirannya yang termasuk kategori substantivistik dan tergolong bertentangan dengan mayoritas muslim Pakistan (tradisionalis dan fundamentalis) ini, gagasannya selaras dengan eksistensi, artikulasi, dan manifestasi nilai-nilai Islam yang instrinsik dalam iklim demokrasi modern. Kedua, gagasan Benazir merupakan counter wacana terhadap pemikiran yang mengidealkan bahwa Islam harus menjadi dasar negara. Pemikiran Benazir ini selaras dengan paradigma yang melihat bahwa Islam tidak meletakkan suatu pola baku tentang teori sistem politik yang harus diselenggarakan oleh umatnya, kecuali nilai-nilai dan prinsip-prinsip etisnya.
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6

Richter, William L. "Pakistan under Benazir Bhutto." Current History 88, no. 542 (December 1, 1989): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1989.88.542.433.

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7

Shafqat, Saeed. "Pakistan under Benazir Bhutto." Asian Survey 36, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645715.

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8

Shafqat, Saeed. "Pakistan under Benazir Bhutto." Asian Survey 36, no. 7 (July 1996): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1996.36.7.01p0148r.

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9

Ahmed, Akbar. "Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007)." Anthropology Today 24, no. 1 (February 2008): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8322.2008.00557.x.

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10

Irnawati, Irnawati. "Demokrasi di Pakistan Menurut Benazir Bhutto." al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ad.2015.5.1.152-170.

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Abstract: This article discusses about democracy in Pakistan by Benazir Bhutto. The realization of democracy in Pakistan, according to Benazir Bhutto, is to reach all the democratic elements of the Pakistani nations, the business communities, to release all of the political prisoners, to make the print and electronic media free, to open and uncensored, to remove the ban on sororities and labor, to separate the judicial functions of the executive, and to provide the basis for a fair electoral process. The other leaderships of women in Pakistan’s democracy by Benazir Bhutto, are appointing some women to sit in the cabinet and set up the Ministry of Women Development, creating the program of study in the universities for women, founding the Women Development Bank to provide credit only for the women entrepreneurs, creating institutions to train women in family planning, nutrition counseling, child care, and birth control. Democracy in Pakistan is a liberal democracy which is characterized by a moderate Islam, by recruiting people who are competent to sit in the government, eliminating and restricting military power, reactivating the role of civil society in accordance with the government’s program.Keywords: Democracy, Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto.
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11

Tariq, Ms Sumbal, Prof Dr Iram Khalid, and Dr Rehana Saeed Hashmi. "Benazir Bhutto as an Administrator." Journal of Law & Social Studies 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.03.02.165173.

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Benazir Bhutto was the first female Prime Minister of a Muslim country. She was also the first politician in Pakistan who was elected Prime Minister twice. Her leadership abilities brought several unique and unprecedented measures in Pakistan. Nonetheless, she had to face a lot of challenges in both of her tenures which included a rift with the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) led rule in Punjab that objected her leadership as un-Islamic based on her gender. This rift eventually discontented the President Ghulam Ishaq Khan who dissolved assemblies only two years after she rose to power. Similar issue happened with her government in 1996 when the President Farooq Leghari dissolved the assemblies bringing an end to her second term as Prime Minister and that also two years earlier than its official expiry. Nonetheless, during her both short-lived terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan, she proved herself as a far-sighted leader who made some valuable administrative contributions to the country. Her administration also made some unprecedented measures which were also replicated by the forthcoming governments. This article explores her administrative contributions and it also mentions the challenges she had to face as the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan.
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12

Boivin, Michel, and Rémy Delage. "Benazir en odeur de sainteté." Archives de sciences sociales des religions, no. 151 (September 1, 2010): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.22412.

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13

Basu, Partha Pratim. "Post-Benazir Pakistan : Quo Vadis?" Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 11-12, no. 1 (January 2008): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598408110018.

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14

Bordilovska, O. "Benazir Bhutto: Life in Politics." World of the Orient 2020, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/orientw2020.03.005.

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15

Talpur, Mir Yar Muhammad Khan, Abdul Wahid Baloch, Muhammad Jurial Baloch, and Muhammad Azeem Asad. "Combining Ability Analysis and Genetic Studies of Stripe Rust Resistance in Bread Wheat Genotypes." Journal of Applied Research in Plant Sciences 5, no. 02 (March 30, 2024): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2024.05.237.

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A set of eighteen F1 and F2 experimental crosses were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. From lines, TD-1 was on top by showing greater and significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for maximum number characters including grain yield in both (F1 and F2) populations, while tester Benazir remained exceptional by showing higher and significant specific combining ability (GCA) effects for majority traits including grain yield in F1 and F2 populations, as a result, both parents would contribute significantly to the improvement of the bread wheat. Regarding the SCA effects in F1 population, the hybrids TD-1 × Pakistan-2013, TJ-83 × Benazir, and NIA-Sundar × NIA-Sarang and from F2 populations, the crosses TD-1 × Benazir, TJ-83 × Benazir, Kiran-95 × NIA-Sarang and NIA-Amber × Pakistan-2013 expressed desirable and maximum SCA effects for number of traits including grain yield, thus may be preferred in future wheat breeding programs. Disease reaction on selected 18 F2 populations was performed, the introgression stripe rust resistance showed single dominant gene. The genetic analysis reported the involvement of major genes for stripe rust resistance. These findings could be used to grow high-yielding wheat lines that could have a profitable yield in stripe rust-prone areas.
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16

Nelson, Matthew J. "Pakistan in 2008: Moving beyond Musharraf." Asian Survey 49, no. 1 (January 2009): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.1.16.

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Following the assassination of Benazir Bhutto in December 2007 and national elections in February 2008, Pakistan struggled to distance itself from the discredited military regime of President (General) Pervez Musharraf. Competition between the Pakistan People's Party (PPP), once led by Benazir Bhutto and subsequently by her widower Asif Ali Zardari, and the Pakistan Muslim League (PML-N) led by Nawaz Sharif, however, threatened to thwart the cause of political stability in Pakistan.
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17

Khan, Bakhtiar, Arif Khan, and Irfan Khan. "The Crisis of Governance in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of Benazir Bhutto Government (1988-1990)." III IV, no. III (September 30, 2019): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iii).02.

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Democratic governance empowers and provides citizens the opportunity to live a life of their free will. Unfortunately, Pakistans democracy is confronted with numerous challenges. Among these challenges, governance issues are worthy of attention. The paper especially focuses on PPPs first tenure under Benazir Bhutto in terms of its commitment to democratic governance. It was expected that the norms of democracy would be strengthened, and the country would never see dictatorial rule again in any manifestation. This paper examines PPPs style of governance keeping in view its fragile position in the parliament and the all-over hostile working environment in the country in 1988-90. Centreprovincial relationship; especially Punjab, has also been taken into account. The study explores Benazirs claims and struggles for strengthening democracy. Furthermore, the paper highlights those factors that made the party to fulfil its commitments and to bring the systm of good governance in Pakistan.
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18

Malbari, Naheed. "Transformational Leadership and Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto." Journal of Independent Studies and Research-Management, Social Sciences and Economics 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2010.08.1.15.

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19

Husain, Adrian A. "Elegyfor Benazir Bhutto; Iron Trunk; Iris." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 2 (May 2011): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557232.

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20

Abro, Tanweer Fatah, Asim Ali Rajput, Jay Kumar Sootaher, Piar Ali Shar, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Muhammad Naeem, Ayaz Latif Siyal, et al. "Estimation of Combining Ability in F2 Hybrids of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 58, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(58-2)623.

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The seed of 6 parental cultivars along with 15 F2 Hybrids of hexaploid wheat was planted in randomized complete block design with three replications 6 x 6 half diallel during 2016-2017 sat Southern Wheat Research Station, ARI, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Mean squares due to General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) variances were highly significant and significant for all morphological traits. It was noticed that additive, as well as nonadditive genes, were there for GCA and SCA. SCA variances were observed greater than those of GCA variances for five traits (PH, TPP, SL, SPS, GYPP) displaying the predominance of nonadditive genes, for some of the characters, nonetheless, GCA variances were more for the rest of the characters (GPS, TGW). Parental cultivars such as Khirman displayed maximum positive and desirable GCA effects for spike length and grains spike-1, Hamal for tillers plant-1 and spikelets spike-1 and Benazir and NIA-Sarang for grain yield plant-1 and seed index. On the other hand, Hamal and NIA-Sarang equally distributed negative, but desirable GCA effects for plant height. The SCA estimates revealed that Sindhu x Hamal manifested maximum positive estimates for spike length and grain yield plant-1, whereas Benazir x Sindhu was found as the best specific combiner for spikelets spike-1 and seed index, Benazir x Khirman and Benazir x NIA-Sarang for tillers plant-1 and grains spike-1. These F2 hybrids may be the best choice as a breeding material for hybrid crop development to improve yield characters. Therefore, it may be possible to take advantage of better general and specific combiners to further selection for the development of a hybrid variety of wheat which can assist to enhance the total production in Pakistan.
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21

Behera, Ajay Darshan. "Anna Suvorova, Benazir Bhutto: A Multidimensional Portrait." History and Sociology of South Asia 10, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2230807516633588.

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22

Ziring, Lawrence. "Political Connections: Fatima Jinnah and Benazir Bhutto." Asian Affairs: An American Review 21, no. 2 (June 1994): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927678.1994.9933685.

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23

Yazdani Khan, Mahboob, Ahmed Hasan Ashfaq, Saeed Ahmed, and Faisal Bashir. "RIGID ESOPHAGOSCOPY;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 05 (May 6, 2017): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.05.1385.

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Objectives: To evaluate the various aspects of rigid esophagoscopy done inthe ENT unit of Benazir Bhutto Hospital. Study Design: It was an observational study. Placeand duration: ENT and Head and neck surgery unit Benazir Bhutto Hospital (EX-RawalpindiGeneral Hospital) Rawalpindi from Oct 2011 to Oct 2012. Patients and Methodology: Thisprospective study included all the rigid endoscopies done in a year time. Results: A total of70 patients were included. Male to female ratio was 56:57. The age range was from 2 yearsto 85 years.40 patients(54.29%) of the total underwent esophagoscopy due to foreign bodyingestion. 21 patients were children and 17 adults(70%). All the 21 children (100%) underwentrigid esophagoscopy because of foreign body ingestion. Conclusion: Foreign body esophagusis the most common indication of rigid esophagoscopy.
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24

Hasan, Mahmood ul, Muhammad Waqas, Safana Shaheen, and Saifullah. "Cash Grant for Women: What we achieved from Income Support Program of Pakistan?" ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v2i1.44.

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The study found that Benazir Income Support Program has positive impact to control the extent of poverty in Pakistan; however, the grant is unable to get the beneficiary out of poverty. We interviewed 1000 female beneficiaries of this social protection program from Punjab province of Pakistan and found that the amount of grant helps to manage household expenditures and their food intake has been improved. Major share of the grant goes to the food followed by clothing and education. The results of multinomial regression found that increase in the family size is the factor that blurs the poverty reduction goal of Benazir Income Support Program. Moreover, the beneficiary belonged to rural area and unemployment of the household head are also the reasons that grant is unable to reduce poverty level.
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Nohelia Hewitt Ramírez. "Editorial." Psychologia 16, no. 1 (October 17, 2022): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/19002386.6153.

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El volumen 16, N.o 1 de nuestra revista, publica seis artículos, en esta ocasión dos internacionales uno de la Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Pes- hawar y otro de la Universidad de Buenos Aires de Argentina.
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Ziring, Lawrence. "Pakistan in 1990: The Fall of Benazir Bhutto." Asian Survey 31, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2644921.

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27

Loveridge‐Sanbonmatsu, Joan. "Benazir Bhutto: Feminist voice for democracy in Pakistan." Howard Journal of Communications 4, no. 4 (June 1993): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646179309359785.

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28

Ziring, Lawrence. "Pakistan in 1990: The Fall of Benazir Bhutto." Asian Survey 31, no. 2 (February 1991): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1991.31.2.00p0024s.

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29

Jalalzai, Farida, and Mona Lena Krook. "Beyond Hillary and Benazir: Women’s Political Leadership Worldwide." International Political Science Review 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512109354470.

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30

Bhogal, Parminder S. "Pakistan's India Policy: Shift from Zia to Benazir." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 45, no. 1 (January 1989): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848904500103.

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According to Sajjad Hyder, an ex-Ambassador of Pakistan in India, “The first determinant of our foreign policy is safeguarding Pakistan from India.” 1 Pakistan's India policy occupies a very significant role in Pakistan's overall foreign policy. In other words, Pakistan's foreign policy mainly revolves around its India policy, or is Indocentric. The major reason behind such a trend is the historic background of Indo-Pak relations. It will be apt to say that, “In large measure, Pakistani feeling {and policy) towards India has been a continuation of the political struggle before partition.” 2 Support to the idea of Pakistan among Indian Muslims arose basically from the feeling of fear and insecurity both real and propagandised. The feeling of insecurity was indeed vis-a-vis the majority Hindu community and their certain dominance over India once it became free. This feeling aroused mistrust and hence misunderstanding and this was strengthened by the psychological trauma “resulting from the way the sub-continent was divided between India and Pakistan There was a complete emotional upset of all the people in India and Pakistan because of this.” 3 Such a psychological condition has been a very strong factor behind Pakistan's India-centric foreign policy. As a result, “from the day Pakistan emerged on the world map as a sovereign independent country, the main plank of Pakistan's foreign policy has been to obtain a shield against a possible attack from India.” 4 The calculations of Pakistan's foreign policy-makers, in fact, revolves around the India factor— Pakistan's overriding concern vis-a-vis India, fear of its sheer size and size of the army.” 5 There is a continuing feeling in Pakistan that India has not reconciled to the partition of 1947 and is bent upon destroying and dismembering it. Such a psyche is mainly the result of the deliberate propaganda which was sustained by the statements of some communal leaders in India, as well as by misinterpreting the broad statements on the part of secular Indian leadership like Jawaharlal Nehru. But such a feeling was aggravated after the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. Whatever may be the factors, people in Pakistan do widely believe in this. The leader of the Opposition in the Pakistan National Assembly, Mohammad Aslam Khattak remarked during a debate: It is a fact that India never reconciled herself to the partition of Pah Indian sub-continent. They always cherish this secret desire and dream that partition may be undone one day. The hostility of India has been a nightmare for the foreign policy-makers of this country. 6 (Pakistan National Assembly Debates-1964). Again, as Ambassador Sajjad Hyder puts the same fear in this way: “To us in Pakistan the reason for this malise is our perception that beneath a thin veneer, the Indian leadership and a sizeable segment of its following continue to regard the formation of Pakistan as an historical error forced on India, that given the opportunity they would like in some way to redress the situation and that in their mind, the 1971 War supported this presumption.” Apart from the above aetiology there are a number of other factors also behind the evolution of Pakistan's foreign policy. These include, the psychological need for parity, interests of the ruling elites, the fear of being reduced to a satellite state of India and above all using the existing hostility of bilateral relations to justify and rationalise all kinds of foreign aid from all sources as also to legitimise the creation and existence of Pakistan in the eyes of its own public and the world at large.
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Ali, Arshad, Athar Rashid, and Shahid Abbas. "Metadiscourse Markers in Political Discourse: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Hedges and Boosters in Benazir Bhutto's Speeches." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-iii).06.

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Metadiscourse markers play an important role in academic, media, and political discourse. Political leaders use discourse markers to express their ideas and thoughts persuasively and compellingly. The paper identifies the interactive meta-discourse markers in Benazir Bhutto's speech and explains how the use of meta-discourse markers, such as boosters and hedges, can strengthen or weaken the impact of political discourse. The data used for compiling the corpus consists of thirteen randomly selected speeches by Benazir Bhutto delivered between 1989 and 1997 and explained using Hyland's (1996) concept of metadiscourse. The findings show that hedges have been used more frequently than boosters. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactional meta-discourse markers used by politicians to shape their messages to enhance the impact of their political narratives. It also helps to understand how rhetorical devices are used by speakers to express doubts or certainty in their speeches.
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Shaikh, Muhammad Ali, Stephen John, and Hamida Zafar. "APPRENTICESHIP TO POWER: NATURE AND EXTENT OF POLITICAL MENTORING OF BENAZIR BHUTTO UNDER TUTELAGE OF HER FATHER (1953-1977)." Global Political Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-i).04.

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It has been claimed that Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, a leading politician and former president and prime minister of Pakistan, mentored his daughter Benazir Bhutto in politics since her childhood. The present study was carried out to explore the nature and extent of political mentoring accorded to Benazir Bhutto by her father. It highlights three modes of mentoring employed by her father and evaluates each of them separately. The modes of mentoring employed were (a) through letters and discussions during her early age, (b) through her attendance of major political events while she was a university student, and (c) her on-job training in the prime minister�s secretariat after completion of her studies. It is concluded that the mentoring on the part of her father, whether intentional or unintentional, helped her a great deal in preparing her for the future role in the politics of Pakistan.
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33

Samo, S. R., N. Bhatti, A. Saand, M. A. Keerio, and D. K. Bangwar. "Temporal Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Trends in Shaheed Benazir Abad Sindh, Pakistan." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 6 (December 18, 2017): 2171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1388.

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Temperature and precipitation variations have a huge environmental, social and economic impact. This study aims to analyze the temporal variation of temperature and precipitation in Shaheed Benazir Abad district by using the linear regression method, the trend magnitude, the Mann-Kendall test and the Sen’s estimator of slope. The annual precipitation and monthly temperature data of Shaheed Benazir Abad for the period of 1996-2014 are considered. The result shows that the Diurnal temperature range of all months is decreasing due to the increasing of monthly minimum temperature at a faster rate than the monthly maximum temperature. However, the Diurnal temperature range of extreme events is increasing. The results obtained by using Mann-Kendall test revealed that rainfall exhibits significant positive trend. The trends of rainfall and rainy days show that the amount of rainfall is increasing much more rapidly than that of rainy days which indicates the occurrence of heavy events.
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TAW, JENNIFER MORRISON. "Distributive domestic response." Review of International Studies 37, no. 3 (August 26, 2010): 1357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000926.

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AbstractWhen former US ambassador to Pakistan, Wendy Chamberlin, said of the US, ‘We are a player in the Pakistani political system’, she was pointing out how challenging it is to achieve US policy goals under the kinds of volatile political conditions engulfing that country. In late 2007, the Bush administration was banking on the political future of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, who had recently returned to Pakistan, and was still providing President Pervez Musharraf with the substantial aid and support it had been giving him since 9/11. And yet by early 2008, Benazir Bhutto was dead, assassinated as she rose from her car to greet crowds of supporters, and Pervez Musharraf was a political liability, since his party had suffered a resounding defeat in the February 2008 election. These events demonstrated that even the foreign policies of a country as powerful as the US can be scuttled by the flux and flow of local power politics.
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35

Saparniyozova, Diyora. "Ona-tilim sen ruhimning qanotisan." Современные тенденции инновационного развития науки и образования в глобальном мире 1, no. 2 (March 16, 2023): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/stars.university-pp222-225.

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Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilining nafis, jozibadorligi, xalqimiz uchun uning tarixiy ahamiyati, o‘zbek tilini yuqori cho‘qqiga ko‘targan she’riyat sultoni A. Navoiyning tilimiz boyishiga qo‘shgan benazir hissasi, o‘zbek tiliga davlat tili maqomining berilishi bugungi kunda ona tilimizning birligi va rivojlanishi yo‘lidagi ba’zi bir muammolar va ularning yechimi haqida bayon etilgan.
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36

Sharmeen Najeeb Ashraf, Nehal Najeeb Ashraf, Haiqa Sami, Bisma Aslam, Sabin Muhammad Israr, Safia Ghullam Abbas, and Sheeba Fateh Muhammad. "Familial traits of attached and unattached earlobe in human population of different age groups- A case study of district Nawabshah, Pakistan." LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2021.3.04-06.

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This study aimed to evaluate frequency of attached earlobes (dominant) and unattached earlobes (recessive) traits in humans of different age groups. This study was conducted in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazir Abad from September to October 2020. A total of 200 families with attached and unattached earlobes were included by using non-probability convenient sampling. Data was collected regarding attached and unattached earlobes of different people. The data was collected and analysed by using SPSS version 21.0. Results of the study suggested that unattached earlobes were dominant feature, and the attached earlobe feature appears to be recessive among all 200 families. We observed that the dominant feature of the unattached earlobe was more common in the 1 to 20 years’ age group, while the recessive feature of the attached earlobe was common in 31 to 45 years old age group. The study concluded that unattached earlobes can be observed in people of every age group and associated with family traits.
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37

Ahsan, Syed Badrul. "The Fragrance of Tears: My friendship with Benazir Bhutto." Asian Affairs 52, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2021.1874746.

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38

Rehman, Ashfaq U., Arif Khan, and Bakhtiar Khan. "Government-Opposition Relations during Benazir Bhutto’s Rule in Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3.

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Democracy, transition to democracy and democratic consolidation have widely been debated across the world and have prominent position in third world countries. Democracy in developing countries particularly in Pakistan is confronting long standing problem of consolidation of power by civilians. In democracy the strength of the state institutions depends on the relationship among central government with opposition and with provincial governments. Pakistan consists of a centre and four federating units having mix nationalities. This paper investigates the factors which have provoked confrontational politics both within the parliament between ruling and opposition parties and with provincial governments especially Punjab during Benazir Bhutto’s rule. The paper focuses on the question whether it was the same follies which Benazir Bhutto played with during her second term with opposition in the centre and their governments in provinces. To find answers to these questions, secondary data has been used and to supplement newspapers have been consulted for obtaining first-hand information of public officials. The relationship among the ruling party in the centre with opposition and the provincial governments often remained unpleasant and unfriendly. It is argued that personal the national considerations augmented the confrontation and conflicts among national and regional level political parties.
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39

Pasha, Muhammad Ali. "Benazir Income Support Programme (Bisp): Its Benefits and Implications." IBT Journal of Business Studies 14, no. 2 (2018): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2018.14.02.16.

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Poverty is defined as a state as a result of economic, social and demographic factors when meeting a certain criterion. For reduction of poverty, a social protection programme is created and initiated that refers to a mechanism by mean of which certain policies and strategies are put into action to provide facilities to the underprivileged section of the country in order to enhance their standard of living and household livelihood and consumption. This research paper is focused on the benefits and implications of BISP in the country of Pakistan which is a developing nation and has been facing the challenge of poverty. Firstly an overview on the term of poverty is done followed by overview on social protection programme from a global and national perspective. Then overview of BISP and its goals and process is done. Then the study looks into the positive aspect on the implementation of the scheme and what its shortcomings are that has affect its success. Many challenges and incompetency have been discussed while providing ideas for resolution as well.
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40

Weiss, Anita M. "Benazir Bhutto and the Future of Women in Pakistan." Asian Survey 30, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2644837.

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41

Weiss, Anita M. "Benazir Bhutto and the Future of Women in Pakistan." Asian Survey 30, no. 5 (May 1990): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1990.30.5.01p0380h.

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42

Bashir, Faisal, Amna Ahmad Noor, Ejaz Ahmad, Zafryab Ali, Syed Manzoor Iqbal, and M. Kaleem. "Perception of MBBS students towards online education during the COVID-19 pandemic period." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 03 (March 10, 2021): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.03.6101.

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Objective: This research study evaluated the perception of students of Mohtarma Benazeer Bhutto Shaheed Medical College Mirpur AJK (MBBSMC), towards newly adapted online university education during COVID-19 and the analysis of the performance of instructors during online lectures. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Medical Education Department Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University. Period: 19 May to 13th August 2020. Material & Methods: The information collected through feedback form was analysed using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) 21 software. The feedback form included 17 questions related to the performance of the instructor, effectiveness of the course and examination. The responses to questions included options of strongly agree, agree, uncertain, disagree and strongly disagree. Results: The findings of the study revealed that students have were satisfied with the performances of instructors during COVID-19 resulting online education sessions conducted by MBBSMC. Conclusion: It has been concluded that despite the commonly mentioned shortcomings of the online education such as lack of in person interaction with the instructor, lack of traditional lecture hall environment etc., students of MBBSMC were satisfied with the online education methods and performances of the instructor.
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43

Keerio, M. A., N. Bhatti, S. R. Samo, A. Saand, and A. A. Bhuriro. "Ground Water Quality Assessment of Daur Taluka, Shaheed Benazir Abad." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 2785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1925.

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The aim of this study was to assess the ground water quality of Daur Taluka of district Shaheed Benazir Abad for drinking purposes. Forty groundwater samples were collected from different locations and brought to Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) for analyzing various groundwater physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results of this study revealed that color, pH, magnesium, alkalinity and nitrate of all samples were found within the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO). Analytical results revealed that the percentage of samples that were beyond WHO standards was 15% regarding taste, 42.5% regarding TDS, 20% regarding chlorine, 12.5% regarding sulfate 12.5 regarding sodium and 32.5% regarding hardness. Microbiological contamination was found positive in the 25% of samples. The findings of this study revealed that the most (82.5%) of the samples of the study area belong to the category of hard to very hard water and their nature were alkaline.
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44

Forbes, Geraldine, and Rafiq Zakaria. "Women and Politics in Islam: The Trial of Benazir Bhutto." Pacific Affairs 64, no. 2 (1991): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759991.

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45

Waxman, F. G. "The Theater of Benazir Bhutto: A Ghost in the Machine." Theater 20, no. 2 (1989): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-20-2-36.

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46

Khan, Adeel. "Pakistan in 2007: More Violent, More Unstable." Asian Survey 48, no. 1 (January 2008): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2008.48.1.144.

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In 2007, Pakistan experienced one of the most violent and eventful years in its history. The year included the dismissal and reinstatement of the Supreme Court chief justice, the Red Mosque siege and consequent killings, farcical presidential elections, intensified violence in tribal areas that spread to other regions of the country, the imposition of emergency rule and suspension of the Constitution, and the assassination of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
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47

Todjimamatova, Mashxura. "Imom Buxoriyning “Al-adab Al-mufrad” (odob durdonalari) asarida tarbiya masalalari." Общество и инновации 3, no. 4/S (May 15, 2022): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss4/s-pp238-245.

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Ushbu maqolada Imom Buxoriyning “Al-adab al-mufrad” (“Adab durdonalari”) asarida ilgari surilgan tarbiya masalalari xususida so‘z boradi. Imom al-Buxoriyning odob-axloq haqidagieng sahih hadislarni o‘zida mujassam etgan ushbu asari katta tarbiyaviy ahamiyatga molik benazir to‘plamdir. Uning arabcha nashri ikki marta bosilib, 1990-yilda olim Sh. Boboxonov tomonidan asarning o‘zbekcha tarjimasi ham nashr etilgan. Al-Buxoriyning bu asarida 1322 hadis va xabarlar 644 bobda jamlangan bo‘lib, u Hindiston, Turkiya va Misrda bir necha marta chop etilgan.
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48

Nawaz, Zainab, Adil Afridi, Shakeel Asif, Asad Tamizzudin Nizami, and Fareed Aslam Minhaas. "Frequency of depression in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 06 (June 10, 2020): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.06.4565.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and comparison of the frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus (type1 & 2). Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Diabetic Clinic of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: From 6th June - 5th December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 200 patients with diabetes mellitus were inducted in the study through Diabetic Out Patient Department at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Patients screening was done by using ICD10-criteria &Beck Depressive inventory (depression diagnosis and severity assessment). Designed proforma was used for demographic details and variables. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Depression frequency and severity was calculated. Chi Square test was applied depression and categorical variables associations. Results: Frequency of depression in the study sample came out to be 57% (114 out of 200 patients). Results concluded that 26 patients have mild depression (13%), 38 (19%) moderate depression, and 24 (12%) with severe depression. There is no significant difference in frequencies of depression in terms of type of Diabetes mellitus i.e. T1DM vs T2DM (39% vs 61%, P value > 0.05). Monthly income and BMI were factors leading to mental distress. Conclusion: Many of the patients with diabetes have co-morbid depression. Screening and appropriate treatment of depression should be part of the management plan of all patients having diabetes.
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Fayyaz, Tamanna, Maria Yasin, Ahsan Tariq, Aashi Mughal, Mujtaba Haider Bukhari, and Khushbakht Ms. "Knowledge About Dengue Fever Prevention Among People Visiting Benazir Bhutto Hospital." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 24, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v24i1.1536.

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Background: The higher incidence of dengue fever in Pakistan demands additional efforts in order to limit the disease. Despite active public health campaigns, low public awareness is one of the factors facilitating dengue virus transmission. For effective preventive measures, the assessment of the knowledge gap and then taking appropriate steps to fill the gap is required.The objective of this study is to assess knowledge about dengue fever prevention among people visiting Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study of 6 months duration was conducted with 280 participants selected via nonprobability convenience sampling. After informed consent, an interview was conducted based on a questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic parameters and knowledge about dengue virus transmission and prevention. Data were analyzed through SPSS v. 22. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board (ERB) of Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied hospitals.Results: Out of 280 respondents, 54.6% were males and 45.4% females and the mean age was 35.0 ± 13.1 years. The respondents having high knowledge scores were 66(23.6%) while those having moderate and low scores were 159 (56.8%) and 55 (19.6%) respectively. Educated respondents (p=0.03) and urban residents (p=0.05) had higher knowledge scores.Conclusion: The majority of the participants know about dengue fever. However, only one out of every four respondents has good knowledge scores for dengue fever prevention.
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Fayyaz, Tamanna, Maria Yasin, Ahsan Tariq, Aashi Mughal, Mujtaba Haider Bukhari, and Khushbakht Ms. "Knowledge About Dengue Fever Prevention Among People Visiting Benazir Bhutto Hospital." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 24, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v24i1.1536.

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Background: The higher incidence of dengue fever in Pakistan demands additional efforts in order to limit the disease. Despite active public health campaigns, low public awareness is one of the factors facilitating dengue virus transmission. For effective preventive measures, the assessment of the knowledge gap and then taking appropriate steps to fill the gap is required.The objective of this study is to assess knowledge about dengue fever prevention among people visiting Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study of 6 months duration was conducted with 280 participants selected via nonprobability convenience sampling. After informed consent, an interview was conducted based on a questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic parameters and knowledge about dengue virus transmission and prevention. Data were analyzed through SPSS v. 22. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board (ERB) of Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied hospitals.Results: Out of 280 respondents, 54.6% were males and 45.4% females and the mean age was 35.0 ± 13.1 years. The respondents having high knowledge scores were 66(23.6%) while those having moderate and low scores were 159 (56.8%) and 55 (19.6%) respectively. Educated respondents (p=0.03) and urban residents (p=0.05) had higher knowledge scores.Conclusion: The majority of the participants know about dengue fever. However, only one out of every four respondents has good knowledge scores for dengue fever prevention.
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