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Academic literature on the topic 'Bench mark'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bench mark"

Moncur, Carolee. "Bench mark…" Arthritis Care & Research 6, no. 2 (June 1993): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1790060202.

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Harman, Peter. "Establishing a bench mark." Nature 343, no. 6254 (January 1990): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343125a0.

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GRIMM, ERIC S., and CARLOS BEKERMAN. "The Bench Press Mark." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199201000-00018.

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Ebong, M. B., and A. A. Musa. "BENCH MARK STABILITY IN NIGERIA." Survey Review 31, no. 243 (January 1992): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sre.1992.31.243.263.

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MEHOLIC, ANDREW J., RICK G. HODGE, and MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE. "The Bench Press Mark Revisited." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 23, no. 5 (May 1998): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199805000-00015.

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Sylvester, Arthur, and Robert Smith. "Survey of Precise Leveling Array Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 18 (January 1, 1994): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1994.3217.

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Fifteen permanent bench marks were established east and south of the existing 22 km-long line of 50 bench marks across the Teton normal fault in Grand Teton National Park to compare height changes of Jackson Hole relative to the Teton Range on the west and Shadow Mountain on the east. The new bench marks, together with three other agency bench marks and three temporary bench marks, constitute a 7. 8 km-long extension to the existing line tied to the old line at bench mark GT01. The new bench marks were precisely leveled between 30 August and 5 September 1994. Misclosure of the double-run survey was 0.86 mm, thus the precision of the total survey is 1 part in 10 million. If the misclosure is simply spread equally among the (n-1) bench marks, then the probable error associated with the relative height of a single bench mark is effectively zero.

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Sarantopoulos, Panos, Tayfur Altiok, and Elsayed A. Elsayed. "Attempting to Bench Mark US. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 22, no. 1 (January 1996): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049609043872.

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Goldberg, I. S., G. F. Carey, R. McLay, and L. Phinney. "Periodic viscous flow: A bench-mark problem." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11, no. 1 (July 5, 1990): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110106.

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HAYAMI, Hiroshi, Koji OKAMOTO, and Shin-ichiro ARAMAKI. "A Trial of Bench Mark Test for PIV." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 17, Supplement1 (1997): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.17.supplement1_163.

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Alif, Satrio Muhammad. "OPTIMAL BENCH MARK DISTRIBUTION TO MONITOR SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF SUMATRAN FAULT." GeoEco 5, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v5i2.34660.

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The southern segment of a Sumatran fault zone was one of the sources of earthquakes in Lampung Province. The source of hazard came from stress accumulation of crust, which can be derived from movement of bench mark in surface. Lack of research in southern segment was caused by small numbers of monitoring bench mark. This research shown optimal monitoring bench mark distribution by considering existing bench mark and location which is decent and representative to monitor Sumatran Fault Zone movement by considering on its position relative to Sumatran Fault Zone, earthquake history, Digital Elevation Model and land use. Decent location was determined by overlaying land use and slope processed from Digital Elevation Model. Representative location was determined by taking into account the distance to Sumatran Fault Zone and earthquake history. Very decent location is around 10.5 percent of the total area. Very representative location is around 44.5 percent of the total area. There are total 15 planned bench marks location to make southern Segment of Sumatran Fault Zone monitoring bench mark more optimal.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bench mark"

Everard, Cyril. "The Isles of Scilly and the Channel Islands : "bench-mark" hydrographic and geodetic surveys 1689-1980." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1838.

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The English Channel has been both a major maritime artery and a navigator's nightmare for many centuries. Two archipelagoes, the Isles of Scilly to the north and the Channel Islands to the south, have been and remain major hazards. The two archipelagos have long cartographic histories which have yet to be fully documented. The present study is, with two limited exceptions, confined to British official hydrographic surveys and more specifically to those that may be regarded as 'bench-mark' surveys , i. e. surveys that made significant advances in 44& charting the two archipelagoes. The study is further restricted to describing and assessing the progressive attempts to fix accurately the latitudes and longitudes of the two archipelagos and their relationships to west Cornwall on the one hand and the Cotentin peninsula on the other. The emphasis is upon the MS charts, Remark Books and notes etc. of the surveyors. The earliest survey discussed here is that of the Isles of Scilly by Capt Collins in 1689, published in 1693 in his Great Britain's Coasting Pilot, followed by Tovey and Ginver (1731), Robert Heath (1744/1750), Graeme Spence (1792-c1812) Joseph Huddart (1795); Ordnance Survey (Mudge: 1796; Clarke 1858; 1959). The first Channel Islands official hydrographic survey was initiated by Capt Martin White, as late as 1803, but not officially recognised until 1812 and not published until 1824/6; other surveys mentioned are Carte de France (1818-45; ) Begat (1829); Beck (1942-3); Service Hydrographique (1948); Ordnance Survey (1980).

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Atkinson, Ruth. "A taxonomic revision of Hypenia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley (Labiatae)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14133.

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A monograph is presented of Hypenia in the plant family Labiatae. Hypenia was formerly a genus but in this study it is treated as 23 species in six sections of the genus Eriope. 22 of the 23 species treated in this study occupy relatively restricted ranges in the savannas of the central Brazilian plateau and neighbouring parts of the Serra do Espinaco in eastern Brazil. The remaining species occurs in dry scrubland in north-eastern Brazil with a disjunction to savanna in northern Venezuela. The previous classification and taxonomic history of Hypenia are outlined followed by a discussion of morphology and cytology in the group. Observations were made on pollination biology of selected species. Cladistic investigations were conducted using morphological characters and the ITS region of the nuclear genome. The morphological and molecular analyses were then combined in a single analysis. The cladistic analyses indicated that Hypenia was a paraphyletic genus and that generic boundaries between Hypenia and Eriope needed to be reconsidered. The classification of Hypenia was revised in the context of the phylogeny generated by the combined analysis and with consideration given to the theory of classification with particular reference to recent literature on the subject. The largest number of species in Hypenia belonged to the 'macrantha complex', a group of red-flowered species endemic to central Brazil. Considerable revision of the species in this group was required. The 'macrantha complex' was recognised as Eriope section Hypenia with two subsections. One of the subsections was characterised by resupination of the corolla, a previously overlooked character. Five new species of Hypenia are presented in this account. Distribution maps of all the species described were followed by a discussion of biogeographic patterns in the group.

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Silveira, Ligia Tobias. "Revisão taxonomica do genero Periandra Mart. ex Benth. (Legumonosae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae)." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315090.

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Orientador: Graziela Maciel Barroso
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este trabalho consiste de uma revisão taxonômica do gênero Periandra Mart. ex Benth. (Phaseoleae-Clitoriinae), baseada fundamentalmente em análise morfológica comparativa de espécimes de herbário, provenientes de instituições nacionais e estrangeiras. Apresentamos ainda o estudo da morfologia polínica de Periandra e observações sobre a biologia floral de P. coccinea, que contribuiram para a compreensao taxonômica do grupo. O gênero Periandra é constituído por seis espécies, essencialmente brasileiras, distribuídas principalmente em campos e cerrados. Nesta revisao, foi dividido em dois subgêneros: Periandra subgên. Periandra com P. mediterranea, P. gracilis, P. puJalu e P. densiflora, e Periendra subgên. Coccinea, com P. coccinea e P. heterophylla. A proposta destes subgêneros foi baseada em caracteres macromorfológicos (inflorescências, coloração das flores, indumento e plântulas) e polínicos (tamanho e forma dos grãos, tipo de aberturas e ornamentação da exina), sugerindo que Periandra subgên. Coccinea forme um grupo mais evoluído. Para cada espécie, apresentamos uma descrição, ilustração, relação de material examinado, distribuição geográfica, dados fenológicos e comentários taxonômicos. Uma chave para identificação dos subgêneros e espécies foi elaborada. Nenhuma das variedades anteriormente descritas para P. mediterranea foi aceita. Uma espécie, P. berteriana, foi considerada duvidosa
Abstract: The present study consists of a taxonomic revision of the genus Periandra Mart. ex Benth. (Phaseoleae - Clitoriinae). It was essencially based on a detailed study of morphological characters of specimens provided by national and foreign herbaria. Palinological studies of the genus and field observation of P. coccinea were conducted to provide additional characters to taxonomy. Periancdra is an essentially brasilian genus comprising & species native to "cerrado" and "campo". ln this revision the genus is segregated into two subgenera: Perianclra subgen. Periancdra including P. mediterranea, P. gracilis, P. puJalu and densinflora, and Periandra subgen. Coccinea with P. Coccinea and P. heterophylla. This taxonomic proposa1 is based on macromorphological (inflorescences, flower color, indument and seedlings) and palinological characters (grains size and shape, and their aperture and sculpture). The results suggest that Perianclra subgenus Cocctnes is a derived group in relation to Periandra subgenus Periandra. Each species is presented with description, illustration, list of herbarium sheet examined, geographic distribution, phenological data and taxonomic comments. A key for identification of the subgenera and species is also provided. None of the existing infraspecific taxonomic categories under P. mediterranea was accepted. One species, P. berteriana, do not fit into the genus and wili probably be excluded.
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas

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Ferreira, Antônio Vinícius Doriguetto. "Caracterização química e potencial antimalárico de Andira nitida Mart. ex Benth." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1526.

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As espécies do gênero Andira (Fabaceae), popularmente conhecidas como “angelins”, destacam-se pelo uso popular como febrífugas, vermífugas e antimaláricas. Apesar das evidências da atividade antimalárica das espécies do gênero, existe uma carência de estudos químicos e biológicos em torno da espécie Andira nitida. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou estabelecer o perfil químico e avaliar o potencial biológico de A. nitida, a fim de encontrar uma possível opção de novos alvos terapêuticos para o tratamento da malária. O perfil químico foi estabelecido por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e cromatografia em fase líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), após a análise dos cromatogramas constatou-se a presença de derivados fenólicos, especialmente, flavonoides como as isoflavonas e de derivados de catequina. O conteúdo de derivados fenólicos totais variou de 100-320 mg de equivalente em catequina/g amostra e de 90-280 mg de equivalente em ácido gálico/ g amostra, já o de isoflavonoides de 6,24-11,15 mg de equivalente em biochanina A/g amostra e o de flavonoides totais de 1,20-4,55 mg de equivalente em quercetina/g amostra. As CE50 para o método DPPH variaram de 5,99-31,90 μg/mL. Os valores da atividade antioxidante equivalente ao Trolox (TEAC) para as amostras foram de 0,161-0,693. Foi encontrada forte correlação entre atividade antioxidante por DPPH e o conteúdo de derivados fenólicos (Pearson > 0,9) e entre TEAC e o teor de flavonoides expressos em quercetina (Pearson > 0,83). A fração em hexano e em clorofórmio apresentaram CE50 de 40,5 μg/mL e 136,2 μg/mL, respectivamente, no ensaio de quantificação de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (SRAT). As amostras mais ativas no ensaio antiplasmodial (Teste LDH) foram as frações em hexano e em clorofórmio com 31% de inibição do crescimento de P. falciparum. Já no ensaio de inibição da polimerização da ferriprotoporfirina (FBIT) as CE50 variaram de 0,41-1,12 mg/mL sendo as frações em hexano, clorofórmio e em acetato de etila ativas, juntamente com o extrato lipofílico. In vivo, estas amostras a 200 mg/kg/dia foram ativas no teste de Peters com inibições da parasitemia de 39-75% no sétimo dia após a infeccção. Os resultados indicaram que A. nitida apresenta perfil químico predominante em isoflavonas, corroborado pela quantificação de isoflavonoides, dessa forma ratifica-se o papel das isoflavonas como possíveis marcadores quimiossistemáticos do gênero Andira, além de responsáveis, em parte, pela atividade antimalárica das espécies estudadas até o presente momento. Além disso, as amostras provenientes dos galhos de A. nitida podem ser fontes de substâncias bioativas com pronunciada atividade antioxidante, além de interessante atividade antimalárica.
The Andira species (Fabaceae), popularly known as "Angelins" stand out for popular use as febrifugue, vermifuge and antimalarial. Chemically they are characterized by the presence of phenolic derivatives such as isoflavones. However, despite evidence of antimalarial activity of the genus, there is a lack about chemical and biological studies of Andira nitida. So the present study aimed to establish the chemical profile and assess the biological potential of A. nitida, to find a possible option for new therapeutic targets for the malaria treatment. The chemical profile was established by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after analysis of the chromatograms; they showed the predominant presence of phenolic derivatives, especially flavonoids such as isoflavones and catechin derivatives. The contents of phenolic derivatives ranged from 100 to 320 mg catechin equivalent/g sample and from 90 to 280 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample. The isoflavonoids content ranged from 6.24 to 11.15 mg equivalent biochanin A/g sample and flavonoids content ranged from 1.20 to 4.55 mg quercetin equivalent/g sample. The EC50 for DPPH ranged from 5.99-31.90 μg/mL.Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) values for the samples were 0.161 to 0.693. Strong correlation was found between oxidant activity by DPPH and content of phenolic derivatives (Pearson > 0.9) and between TEAC and the flavonoids content expressed in quercetin (Pearson > 0.83). The fraction in hexane and in chloroform showed EC50 of 40.5 μg/mL and 136.2 μg/mL, respectively; in the quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBARS). The more active samples in antiplasmodial assay (LDH testing) were the fractions in hexane and in chloroform with 31% inhibition of P. falciparum growth. In the ferriprotoporphyrin polymerization inhibition assay (FBIT) the EC50 ranging from 0.41 to 1.12 mg/ml and the fractions in hexane, in chloroform and in ethyl acetate were actives along with the lipophilic extract. In vivo, these samples at 200 mg/kg/day (Peters testing) showed parasitaemia inhibitions of 39-75 % in day 7 after infection. The results indicated that A. nitida presents chemical profile composed of isoflavones, corroborated by quantification of isoflavones, and thus confirms the role of isoflavones as potential chemosystematic markers of Andira genus. Futhermore, the samples from A. nitida can be a source of bioactive substances with pronounced antioxidant activity, as well as interesting antimalarial activity thus can be an alternative for future therapeutic applications.

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Phillips, Katrina. "Beyond the Beach: Population Trends and Foraging Site Selection of a Florida Loggerhead Nesting Assemblage." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/245.

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A twenty year mark-recapture dataset from the loggerhead nesting beach on Keewaydin Island, off the southwest coast of Florida, was analyzed using a two-state open robust design model in Program MARK to provide insight into recent nesting declines in the state. A total of 2,292 encounters representing 841 individual tag IDs were used for this analysis. Survival was estimated at 0.73 (95% CI 0.69-0.76), and there was no evidence from remigration rate or clutch frequency to suggest the composition of the nesting assemblage had changed over time. The mark-recapture analysis was supplemented with a satellite tracking component to identify the offshore foraging areas utilized by Keewaydin nesters. Eleven nesting females were outfitted with platform terminal transmitters, which transmitted for 42 to 300+ days including inter-nesting intervals and subsequent migration to foraging grounds. Site fidelity tests and kernel density home range analyses were used to describe foraging habitats. Females foraging in the eastern Gulf of Mexico were within the recent 64 m bottom longline fishery restriction. Areas identified as important habitats during the remigration interval should be used to inform managers in creating targeted management strategies to aid population recovery without the use of broad fishery closures.

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Sena, Márcia Yuriko Hashimoto Curado de. "Estudos taxonômicos do gênero marsypianthes mart. ex benth. (hyptidinae, lamiaceae) no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3079.

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Taxonomic studies of the genus Marsypianthes Mart. ex Benth. (Hyptidinae, Lamiaceae) in Brazil. Marsypianthes Mart. ex Benth is a neotropical genus which occurs from south Mexico to Argentina’s northeastern part. The genus is composed by six species: M. arenosa Brandegee, M. burchellii Epling, M. chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze, M. foliolosa Benth., M. hassleri Briq. and M. montana Benth. The last five ones species (M. burchellii, M. chamaedrys, M. foliolosa, M. hassleri and M. montana), object of this study, occur in Brazil and three of them (M. burchellii, M. foliolosa and M. montana) are endemic to the country. Goiás state is the center of the genus diversity, which is represented in this state by four species: M. burchellii, M. chamaedrys, M. foliolosa and M. montana. These ones are distributed, primarily, in the rupestrian formations of Cerrado, in the riverbanks, in open places with greater intensity bright and are associated with sandy soils, sandy-stony soils, clayey and humid ones. M. hassleri species occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and south of Brazil, and M. chamaedrys, widely distributed, occurs from south Mexico to Argentina. Among the species, M. burchellii is endemic to Chapada dos Veadeiros and features yellow corolla and strongly vinaceous calyx, while M. chamaedrys, with prostrate or decumbent habit, occurs in disturbed soil and is the only one that does not present xylopodium. Marsypianthes foliolosa is easily recognized in field by unmistakable smaller leaves and by the lower number of bracteoles and flowers’ cyme. Marsypianthes hassleri shows stigma’s position above the anthers, differing from the other species mentioned, and occurs in southern Brazil. Marsypianthes montana is herb of caespitose growth. This dissertation presents descriptions, identification key, illustrations, genus and species’ distribution maps, vulgar names quotes and each species habitats.
Estudos taxonômicos do gênero Marsypianthes Mart. ex Benth. (Hyptidinae, Lamiaceae) no Brasil. Marsypianthes Mart. ex Benth. é um gênero neotropical que ocorre desde o sul do México até o nordeste da Argentina. O gênero compõe-se de seis espécies: M. arenosa Brandegee, M. burchellii Epling, M. chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze, M. foliolosa Benth., M. hassleri Briq. e M. montana Benth. Destas, cinco (M. burchellii, M. chamaedrys, M. foliolosa, M. hassleri e M. montana), objeto deste estudo, ocorrem no Brasil, sendo três espécies (M. burchellii, M. foliolosa e M. montana) endêmicas do país. Goiás é o centro de diversidade do gênero, com quatro espécies: M. burchellii, M. chamaedrys, M. foliolosa e M. montana. Essas espécies distribuem-se principalmente nas formações rupestres dos Cerrados, às margens de rios, em locais abertos com maior intensidade luminosa e estão associadas a solos arenosos, arenoso-pedregosos, argilosos e úmidos. M. hassleri ocorre na Argentina, Paraguai e sul do Brasil e M. chamaedrys, de ampla distribuição, ocorre desde o sul do México até a Argentina. Entre as espécies, M. burchellii é endêmica da Chapada dos Veadeiros e apresenta corola amarela e cálice fortemente vináceo, enquanto que M. chamaedrys, de hábito prostrado ou decumbente, ocorre em solo perturbado e é a única que não apresenta xilopódio. Marsypianthes foliolosa é facilmente reconhecida em campo pelas folhas nitidamente menores e pelo menor número de bractéolas e flores por cimeira. Marsypianthes hassleri apresenta posição do estigma acima das anteras, diferenciando-se das outras espécies citadas, e ocorre no sul do Brasil. Marsypianthes montana é erva de crescimento cespitoso. Este trabalho apresenta as descrições, chave de identificação, ilustrações, mapas de distribuição do gênero e das espécies, citações de nomes vulgares e habitats de cada espécie.

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Freitas, Narjara Walessa Nogueira de. "Tecnologia de sementes de jurema-de-embira (Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/186.

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The germination, as well as the expression of the effect of a seed lot, depends both on intrinsic factors of the seed (dormancy and speed of water absorption) as extrinsic factors (appropriate temperature, range suitable substrate, quantity and quality of water), being extremely important to know the factors that influence the germination of a given species. In this sense, four experiments were conducted with jurema-de-embira, in order to characterize morphologically fruits and seeds, evaluate the process of soaking seeds, set the best pre-germination treatment to overcome dormancy, determine appropriate procedures for the germination test and verify the effects of drought and salt stress on germination and early seedling development of jurema-de-embira under different temperatures. The experiments were conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory (LAS) of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA). The statistical design was completely randomized (DIC). In experiment 1, for the characterization, we evaluated the biometric parameters of 100 fruits and 100 seed lots harvested in the years 2013 and 2014. For the characterization of the seed hydration, the process was carried out soaking curve of seed lots with and without lopping. We also evaluated nine pre-germinating treatments to overcome seed dormancy: control; cutting with scissors and escaficação with sandpaper 80, at the opposite end to the hilum; Hot water at 80 ° C for 3, 6 and 12 minutes and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 3, 6 and 12 minutes. In experiment 2, the substrates used were rolled paper, on paper, from vermiculite and sand, at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C and alternated 20-30 °C, photoperiod of eight hours. In Experiment 3, we evaluated the osmotic potential of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4; -0.5 and -0.6 MPa at constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 ºC and alternated 20-30 °C. In the experiment 4, the evaluated salt concentrations were 0.0; 4.0; 8.0; 12.0; 16.0; 20.0; 24.0 and 28.0 dS m-1 under constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C and alternated 20-30 °C. The seeds of jurema-de-embira have low variation for biometric features and the larger variations occur from plant materials. Seed germination starts after 19 hours of imbibition, regardless of plant material. The scarification with sandpaper 80 or emerges with scissors at the opposite end to the hilum are the methods set out to overcome dormancy in seed jurema-of-embira. For the germination test in seed jurema-of-embira, the most favorable temperatures are 25 and 20-30 °C in the paper roll substrates and between sand. The water affects the germination of jurema-of-embira and early development of seedlings from the potential of -0.2 MPa, the most obvious effect in temperature of 35 °C; alternating temperature of 20-30 °C allows greater tolerance to drought stress. The effect of salinity varies with temperature, being more evident at the temperature of 35 °C. The jurema-of-embira is tolerant to salt stress and may be classified as a halophyte species
A germinação, bem como a expressão do vigor de um lote de sementes, depende tanto de fatores intrínsecos à semente (dormência e velocidade de absorção de água), como de fatores extrínsecos (faixa adequada de temperatura, substrato adequado, quantidade e qualidade da água), sendo de extrema importância o conhecimento dos fatores que influenciam a germinação de determinada espécie. Neste sentido, foram realizados quatro experimentos com jurema-de-embira, com o objetivo de caracterizar morfologicamente frutos e sementes, avaliar o processo de embebição das sementes, definir o melhor tratamento pré-germinativo para superação da dormência, determinar os procedimentos adequados para a condução do teste de germinação e verificar os efeitos do estresse hídrico e salino sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas de jurema-de-embira sob diferentes temperaturas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes (LAS) da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC). No experimento 1, para a caracterização, foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos de 100 frutos e 100 sementes de lotes, colhidos nos anos de 2013 e 2014. Para a caracterização do processo de hidratação das sementes, foi realizada a curva de embebição dos lotes de sementes, com e sem desponte. Também foram avaliados nove tratamentos pré-germinativos para superação da dormência das sementes: testemunha; desponte com tesoura e escaficação com lixa 80, na extremidade oposta ao hilo; água quente a 80 ºC por 3, 6 e 12 minutos e ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) por 3, 6 e 12 minutos. No experimento 2, os substratos utilizados foram rolo de papel, sobre papel, sobre vermiculita e entre areia, nas temperaturas de 25, 30 e 35 °C e alternada de 20-30 °C, sob fotoperíodo de oito horas. No experimento 3, foram avaliados os potenciais osmóticos de 0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4; -0,5 e -0,6 MPa nas temperaturas constantes de 25, 30 e 35 °C e alternada de 20-30 °C. No experimento 4, as concentrações salinas avaliadas foram as de 0,0; 4,0; 8,0; 12,0; 16,0; 20,0; 24,0 e 28,0 dS m-1 sob temperaturas constantes de 25, 30 e 35 °C e alternada de 20-30 °C. As sementes de jurema-de-embira apresentam baixa variação para os aspectos biométricos e as maiores variações ocorrem entre materiais vegetais. A germinação das sementes escarificadas inicia-se após 19 horas de embebição, independentemente do material vegetal. A escaficação com lixa 80 ou o desponte com tesoura na extremidade oposta ao hilo são os métodos indicados para superação de dormência em sementes de jurema-de-embira. Para a condução do teste de germinação em sementes de jurema-de-embira, as temperaturas mais favoráveis são 25 e 20-30 ºC, nos substratos rolo de papel e entre areia. O hídrico afeta a germinação de sementes de jurema-de-embira e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas a partir do potencial de -0,2 MPa, sendo o efeito mais evidente sob temperatura de 35 ºC; a temperatura alternada de 20-30 ºC permite maior tolerância ao estresse hídrico. O efeito da salinidade varia de acordo com a temperatura, sendo mais evidente na temperatura de 35 ºC. A jurema-de-embira é tolerante ao estresse salino, podendo ser classificada como espécie halófita

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Pinto, José Rivanildo de Souza. "Crescimento de plantas jovens de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth., Caesalpinia ferrea Mart., Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook., e Handroanthus impetiginosus Mattos." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2014. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/77.

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Sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia), jucá (Caesalpinia férrea), craibeira (Tabebuia aurea) e ipê-roxo (Handroanthus impetiginosus) are species from the Caatinga biome, used in reforestation programes and degraded areas recuperation. Planting in the Caatinga requires some attention to traits that depend on previous knowledge of the physiological and ecological characteristics of the plants. The study of the growth of a plant under different environmental conditions offer good hints on the best conditions to cultivate it. The disponibility of light is one of these factors that affect the development of plants, with morphological and physiological changes. This work had the objective of analysing the growth of young plants of the species indiated under differente shading levels, at the Mossoro-RN municipality. The experiment was conduced at the Universidade Federal do Semiarido (UFERSA), under a complete blocks experimental design, and a factorial scheme of 4 X 4 factors, and 8 time split plots, wher the first factor are the four species, the second factor is the four shading levels (0, 30, 50 and 70%), and the time split plots are the evaluation times (0, 21, 42, 63, 84, 105, 126 and 147 day after transplanting). It was evaluated in each time: Plant height (CPA), stem diameter (DC), stem dry mass (MSC), leaves dry mass (MSF), above ground dry mass (MSPA) and leaves area (AF). With was calculated the leaf area ratio (RAF), the specific leaf area (AFE), the absolute growth rate (TCA), the relative growth rate (TCR), and the net assimilatory rate (TAL). The shading levels affected the initial growth of M. caesalpinifolia, C. ferrea, and H. impetiginosus, with the best values for the growth indicators observed at 50% shade, with higher growth rates. The reduction of light disponibility induced higher values of CPA, AF, MSF and MSPA fos M. caesalpinifolia, C. ferrea, and H. impetiginosus. T. aurea presented physiological plasticity to all the shading levels, with similar growth under full sun and shade
Sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia), jucá (Caesalpinia férrea), craibeira (Tabebuia aurea) e ipê-roxo (Handroanthus impetiginosus) são espécies nativas da Caatinga indicadas para utilização em programas de reflorestamento e recuperação de áreas degradadas. O plantio na Caatinga requer uma série de cuidados que dependem do conhecimento prévio das características fisiológicas e exigências ecológicas das plantas. O estudo do crescimento de uma planta, sob diferentes condições ambientais, oferece um bom indício sobre quais as melhores condições para se cultivar determinada espécie. A disponibilidade de luz é um dos fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento de mudas, com alterações morfológicas e fisiológicas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o crescimento de plantas jovens de sabiá, jucá, craibeira e ipê-roxo submetidas a diferentes níveis de sombreamento, no município de Mossoró-RN. O experimento foi conduzido na na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, sob delineamento experimental de blocos completos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 4x4 com 8 parcelas subdivididas no tempo, onde o primeiro fator corresponde a quatro espécies (sabiá, jucá, craibeira e ipê-roxo), o segundo fator corresponde a quatro níveis de sombreamento (0, 30, 50 e 75%) e as parcelas são as épocas de avaliação (0, 21, 42, 63, 84, 105, 126 e 147 dias após o transplantio). Foram avaliados a cada 21 dias, o comprimento da parte aérea (CPA), diâmetro do coleto (DC), massa seca do caule (MSC), folhas (MSF), parte aérea (MSPA) e área foliar (AF). Foram calculadas a razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) e taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL). Os níveis de sombreamento afetaram o crescimento inicial do sabiá, jucá e ipê-roxo, com os melhores indicadores de crescimento observados nas mudas mantidas em ambiente sob 50% de sombreamento, culminando com maiores taxas de crescimento. A diminuição da luminosidade induziu o aumento de CPA, AF, MSF e MSPA no sabiá, jucá e ipê-roxo. A craibeira apresentou plasticidade fisiológica para os níveis de sombreamento, com crescimento semelhante na condição de sombra e sol

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SILVA, Julierme Gonçalves da. "Análise Químico-Morfológica de Hyptis Jacq. e Hypenia (Mart. ex Benth.) R. Harley (Lamiaceae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2855.

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Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome, occupying about 24% of the country. However, there are only 61% of preserved Cerrado areas. Therefore, studies are needed in order to preserve these natural resources. For this purpose the reassessment of systematic relationships between 88 taxa of Hyptis Jacq. were based on the vegetative and reproductive morphological characters (chapter 1). In order to perform a phenetic study, multivariate statistical analysis were used for determination of taxa distribution patterns. The relationships between the examined taxa have been expressed as Ward hierarchical clustering using multiple correspondence analysis of 50 characters distributed into 168 character states. The perceptual map shows a subdivision of Hyptis into two major clusters. Cluster I contained 41 taxa belonging to sections Cyanocephalus, Cyrta, Gymneia, Mesosphaeria, Polydesmia and Tricosphaeria which mainly showed elongated, elliptic, linear bracts, curvature of the calyx's tube upper limb, oblique calyx tube orifice, as well as smooth nutlets. Cluster II contained 47 taxa from sections Apodotes, Eriosphaeria, Hyptis, Induratae, Pachyphyllae, Pusilae and Xylodontes. Their main morphological characteristics included hemispheric or subglobose cymes, the presence of a stylopodium, slightly rough nutlets and nutlets truncate at apex. Cluster analysis focused on 6 of the morphological characters which were distinguished by discriminant correspondence analysis, revealed similar traits. Multivariate analyses were also applied in the essential oil chemovariations of 13 Hypenia species (chapter 2). The results revealed the presence of two taxonomic clusters. Cluster I included 3 species belonging to section Densiflorae in addition to H. subrosea Harley and H. aristulata (Epl.) R. Harley, and showed the highest percentages of α-muurolol (5.85 ± 3.08%). In Cluster II, which contained 8 species belonging to section Laxiflorae, the major discriminant constituents were (E)-caryophyllene (7.09 ± 4.88%), germacrene D (18.1 ± 11.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.65 ± 1.19%). All essential oils showed a predominance of sesquiterpenes, such as spathulenol (4.5-31.6%), caryophyllene oxide (2.2-14.4%) and selin-11-en-4α-ol (0-34.8%). Furthermore, identical clusters were revealed by multivariate analysis of chemical constituents based on carbon skeletons, as well as on 18 morphological leaf characters of the species studied.
O Cerrado é a segunda maior formação vegetal brasileira, ocupando 24% do território nacional. No entanto, restam apenas 61% de áreas preservadas de Cerrado. Desta forma, estudos para caracterização e preservação desta riqueza natural são necessários. Com este intuito, reavaliou-se a relação sistemática entre 88 espécies de Hyptis Jacq. com base em caracteres morfológicos e reprodutivos (capítulo 1). A análise estatística multivariada foi aplicada para determinar o padrão de distribuição dos taxa com o objetivo de se realizar uma análise fenética. As relações entre os taxa estudados foram expressas pelo agrupamento hierárquico de Ward utilizando a análise de correspondência múltipla com base em 50 caracteres distribuídos em 168 estados dos caracters. O mapa perceptual mostrou a subdivisão de Hyptis em duas grandes classes. A classe I foi formada por 41 taxa pertencentes às seções Cyanocephalus, Cyrta, Gymneia, Mesosphaeria, Polydesmia e Tricosphaeria, as quais demostraram brácteas linares alongadas e elípticas, curvatura do tubo do cálice acima do limbo, orifício do tubo do cálice oblíquo, bem como núculas suaves. A classe II contou com 47 taxa das seções Apodotes, Eriosphaeria, Hyptis, Induratae, Pachyphyllae, Pusilae e Xylodontes. Suas principais características morfológicas incluíram cimas hemisféricas ou subglobosas, presença de um estilopódio, núculas levemente rugosas e núculas truncadas no ápice. A análise de agrupamento focada em 6 dos caracteres morfológicos, previamente distinguidos pela análise de correspondência discriminante, revelou a mesma similaridade entre os taxa, sugerindo a divisão de Hyptis em 2 subgêneros. Procedeu-se também à análise multivariada da composição química dos óleos essenciais de 13 espécies de Hypenia (capítulo 2). Os resultados indicaram a presença de 2 grupos de óleos em relação às seções botânicas das amostras. O primeiro grupo (classe I) incluiu as 3 espécies da seção Densiflorae em adição a H. subrosea Harley e H. aristulata (Epl.) R. Harley, o qual foi caracterizado pelo maior percentual de α-muurolol (5,85 ± 3,08%). Na classe II, com 8 espécies da seção Laxiflorae, os principais constituintes discriminantes foram o (E)-cariofileno (7,09 ± 4,88%), germacreno D (18,1 ± 11,4%) e o biciclogermacreno (6,65 ± 1,19%). Todos os óleos essenciais apresentaram predominantemente sesquiterpenos, tais como espatulenol (4,5-31,6%), óxido de cariofileno (2,2-14,4%) e selin-11-en-4α-ol (0-34,8%). Os agrupamentos foram idênticos quando utilizada a análise multivariada baseada nos esqueletos carbônicos dos constituintes químicos ou utilizando 18 caracteres morfológicos das folhas das espécies.

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BONA, ANA PAULA DE. "ESTUDOS FITOQUIMICO, ALELOPATICO, TOXICO, E MUTAGENICO DE Erythrina mulungu MART. ex BENTH. UTILIZANDO BIOENSAIOS." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9981.

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RESUMO De Bona, Ana Paula. Dissertação (Mestrado). Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Fevereiro de 2009. Estudos fitoquímico, alelopático, tóxico e mutagênico de Erythrina mulungu Mart. ex Benth. utilizando bioensaios. Orientador: Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci. Co-orientador: Marcieni Ataíde de Andrade. As plantas produzem uma gama de compostos secundários, que podem atuar como princípio ativo em medicamentos ou podem produzir toxicidade sobre animais e outras plantas. Assim, por ser a Erythrina mulungu (Mart. ex Benth.) uma espécie de importância farmacológica e ecológica, o presente trabalho visa avaliar a composição fitoquímica e os potenciais efeitos alelopáticos e mutagênicos do extrato bruto de inflorescências e de folhas dessa planta, por meio de diferentes bioensaios. A prospecção fitoquímica foi realizada através de reações químicas que resultaram no desenvolvimento de coloração e/ou precipitado característico. Os ensaios alelopáticos foram realizados em Allium cepa e consistiu de 8 tratamentos (água destilada e 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,6 mg/mL dos extratos) e 5 repetições com 20 sementes cada. Avaliou-se a velociade de germinação (IVG), primeira contagem, porcentagem de germinação e média radicular. Para análise citotóxica e mutagênica em plantas, sementes de Allium cepa foram submetidas ao tratamento contínuo e descontínuo (20 e 72 horas) e avaliados o índice mitótico, índice de efeito aneugênico e índice de efeito clastogênico. A toxicidade aguda em animais foi realizada através do estabelecimento da dose letal média (DL50) e a análise citotóxica e mutagênica feita pelo teste de micronúcleo, por meio do método do esfregaço, após exposição dos animais a 5 dias de tratamento. Os resultados demonstram a presença de açúcares redutores, fenóis e taninos, proteínas e aminoácidos, alcalóides, flavonóides, depsídeos e depsidonas e derivados de cumarina em ambos os órgãos; saponinas, esteroides e triterpenos nas folhas e glicosídeos cardiotônicos e antraquinônicos nas inflorescências. Os órgãos apresentam atividade alelopática sobre o desenvolvimento radicular, potencial citotóxico e ausência de efeito aneugênico sobre a cebola. As inflorescências possuem potencial clastogênico. Para a DL50, a folha demonstrou-se atóxica e a inflorescência moderadamente tóxica. Ambas apresentaram ausência de citotoxicidade e potencial genotóxico em células de roedores, desse modo, a utilização de E. mulungu, tanto para o manejo de áreas degradadas ou agrícolas, quanto para a fabricação de medicamentos, deve ser efetuada de forma cautelosa. Palavras-chave: Erythrina mulungu (Mart. ex Benth.), alelopatia, mutagênese, citotoxicidade, fitoquímica, DL50, Allium cepa, teste de micronúcleo em roedores.

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Books on the topic "Bench mark"

Hossain, Md Amzad. Bench mark survey of Shilkour Village. Bogra, Bangladesh: Faculty of Irrigation Management, Rural Development Academy, 1987.

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Alaknanda slums: A bench mark study. New Delhi: People's Institute for Development and Training, 1989.

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Survey, United States Geological. Streamflow Characteristics at Hydrologic Bench-Mark Stations. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Lawrence, C. L. Streamflow characteristics at hydrologic bench-mark stations. [Washington]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Lawrence, C. L. Streamflow characteristics at hydrologic bench-mark stations. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Asopa, V. N. Development and management of irrigation: A bench-mark survey of the Ukai-Kakrapar Project. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1987.

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1923-, Ghosh P. K., and National Council of Applied Economic Research., eds. Human development profile of scheduled castes and tribes in selected states: A bench mark survey. New Delhi: National Council of Applied Economic Research, 2000.

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(Wendy), Bondt W. de, ed. EULOCS: The EU level offence classification system : a bench-mark for enhanced international coherence of the EU's criminal policy. Antwerp: Maklu, 2009.

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Buell, Gary R. The hydrologic bench-mark program: A standard to evaluate time-series trends in selected water-quality constituents for streams in Georgia. Doraville, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bench mark"

Bruneau, Charles-Henri, and Mazen Saad. "New Bench-mark Results for the 2D Lid-driven Cavity Problem." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002, 317–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5_46.

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Bruzzone, P., H. H. J. Kate, M. Nishi, A. Shikov, J. Minervini, and M. Takayasu. "Bench Mark Testing of Nb3Sn Strands for the ITER Model Coil." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1351–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_175.

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Sacher, Alex. "Is the 0.5 Static Coefficient of Friction Value a Bench Mark or a Watershed?" In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 13, Issue 1/2, 29–45. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470313916.ch4.

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Movahed, Allen, Tommy Knöös, Claire Foottit, André Haraldsson, Dirk Verellen, Koen Tournel, Sharon Qi, et al. "International Multi-Institutional Bench Mark Study on Dosimetric and Volumetric Modulation Using Helical TomoTherapy Treatment Planning for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumors." In IFMBE Proceedings, 381–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19387-8_92.

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Brøgger, Katja. "Concluding Remarks: “Who Marks the Bench?”." In Governing through Standards: the Faceless Masters of Higher Education, 179–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00886-4_7.

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Ropert, Catherine, and Hugo W. Huth. "New Challenges in Cancer Therapy: MAPK Inhibitors from Bench to Bedside." In Molecular Oncology: Underlying Mechanisms and Translational Advancements, 67–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53082-6_3.

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Botterill, David, and Cliff Nelson. "Chapter 15. Researching the Links Between Environmental Quality Kite Marks and Local Tourism Business Performance: A Discourse Analysis of the Welsh Rural Beach Quality ‘Green Coast Award’." In Rural Tourism and Sustainable Business, edited by Derek Hall, Irene Kirkpatrick, and Morag Mitchell, 268–86. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845410131-018.

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"bench(-)mark." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_21354.

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"bench(-)mark." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_21355.

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"tidal bench mark." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1394. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_201117.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bench mark"

Konrad, C. H. "Experimental bench mark data for ALEGRA code validations." In Shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1303639.

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Hassan, Mohamed Abul, Aamir Saeed Malik, Walter Nicolas, Ibrahima Faye, and Nadira Nordin. "Reliability of bench-mark datasets for crowd analytic surveillance." In 2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151422.

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Nakagawa, N., S. J. Lee, C. Lee, M. J. Johnson, C. C. H. Lo, Donald O. Thompson, and Dale E. Chimenti. "PULSED EDDY CURRENT SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION AND BENCH-MARK WAVEFORMS." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2902689.

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Gustin, Oktavianto, Arif Roziqin, Sudra Irawan, Meivy Carolina Pandey, Cindy Kasari Miswan, and Dika Aya Safitri. "Bench Mark Measurement and Situation Detailed Mapping on Sembulang, Batam City." In The International Conference on Applied Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010352100850088.

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Jeyanthi, R., and K. Anwamsha. "Fuzzy-based sensor validation for a nonlinear bench-mark boiler under MPC." In 2016 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isco.2016.7727133.

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Sabbagh, Harold A. "Validation of a volume-integral eddy-current code by bench-mark experiments." In QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472825.

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Bessonov, O. A., V. A. Brailovskaya, S. A. Nikitin, and V. I. Polezhaev. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL NATURAL CONVECTION IN A CUBICAL ENCLOSURE: A BENCH MARK NUMERICAL SOLUTION." In CHT'97 - Advances in Computational Heat Transfer. Proceedings of the International Symposium. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1997.intsymliqtwophaseflowtranspphencht.160.

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Evans, C. "Identification in the time and frequency domains: a comparison using the ECC bench-mark model." In UKACC International Conference on Control. Control '96. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960739.

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Kohl, Keith. "THE POWER OF PERSPECTIVE: A HUNDRED YEARS OF OBSERVATIONS FROM A GLEN CANYON BENCH MARK." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314240.

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Jeffers, N., J. Punch, and E. Walsh. "An Experimental Characterization of Miniature Scale Cold Plates for Electronics Cooling Applications." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32537.

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Abstract:

Contemporary electronic systems are currently constrained by the high heat fluxes in which they generate at component level. It is evident that heat fluxes are currently approaching the limits of forced air cooling, and that liquid cooling is now under consideration. In this paper five commercially-available and one custom-made cold plates were characterised experimentally. The six cold plates utilized different geometries which included: an array of jets impinging onto a pin matrix; a fin structure; a pin fin structure; a large serpentine channel structure; a slot jet impinging onto wave shaped fins; and the custom cold plate having no significant geometry associated with it, as it was used as a bench mark. The bench mark is anticipated to be the minimum cost solution. The pressure drop, thermal resistance and hydrodynamic power consumption were determined for each solution as a function of flow rate. The results showed that there was a variety of operational power consumption costs coupled with a range of performance levels reached by the six cold plates. This emphasizes the need of a optimum cooling package for a specific application. A relationship of thermal resistance as a function of hydrodynamic power consumed was formulated, thus facilitating the selection of a cold plate for a practical application.

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Reports on the topic "Bench mark"

Hatfield, Christopher L. Rhode Island Flood Plain Management Services; Bench & Reference Mark Catalogue Portsmouth, Newport and Warwick, Rhode Island. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada336661.

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The hydrologic bench-mark program; a standard to evaluate time-series trends in selected water-quality constituents for streams in Georgia. US Geological Survey, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri844318.

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