Journal articles: 'Bend of a rod'

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Li, Mei, Xiao Jun Jin, and Yan Hui Li. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of Auxiliary-Rod Force for Tower." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.722.

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Based on nonlinear FEA software ANSYS, thirty-six numerical simulation tower-models that have different initial bend state, bend deflection and intersegment of main-rod were established. Analysis results indicate: Initial bend state of main-rod has influence to force of horizontal auxiliary-rod greatly. With increasing initial bend deflection of main-rod, force of each horizontal auxiliary-rod presents to enlarge trend and is unequal. Force of each horizontal auxiliary-rod is less than 0.015 times endogen force of main-rod, total of each force for horizontal auxiliary-rod is less than 0.06 times endogen force of main-rod. With increasing intersegment of main-rod, total of each force for horizontal auxiliary-rod presents to enlarge trend.

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Nemirovskii, Yuri, and Sergey Tikhonov. "Complex bend of multilayered concrete rods." EPJ Web of Conferences 221 (2019): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922101048.

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The problem of complex bend of multilayered rods based on concrete is considered. It is assumed that the rod of constant cross-section is of arbitrary shape and diﬀerent brands of concrete are used in the cross-section of the rod layer by layer. The solution is sought by the small parameter method. The case of a complex bend of the rod pinched at both ends is considered as an example of this solution method. The distribution of bending moments and longitudinal forces in the zero and first approximations is determined.

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He, Chang De. "Dynamic Analysis of Motorcycle Engine Rod Bending and Fracture Failure." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1817.

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Taking Motorcycle Engine as the research object, force analysis of the single cylinder engine connecting rod bending and fracture by engine linkage dynamic model. By calculating the connecting rod compression, combustion chamber total pressure, reciprocating movement of the inertia force and from the rod bend parameters to compare the models currently on the market four types in the working state suffered total stress and strength margin safety factor, found that the safety factor of four models in general partial link is small, especially 152QMI engine connecting rod end connecting rod in the hole near easier to bend and break. This study provide a scientific basis for the engine connecting rod design, the quality of correction and failure analysis.

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Junwei, Zeng, Qian Yongsheng, Xu Dejie, Jia Zhilong, and Huang Zhidan. "Impact of Road Bends on Traffic Flow in a Single-Lane Traffic System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/218465.

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Taking the characteristics of road bends as a research object, this work proposes the cellular model (CA) with road bends based on the NaSch model, with which the traffic flow is examined under different conditions, such as bend radius, bend arc length, and road friction coefficiency. The simulation results show that, with the increase of the bend radius, the peak flow will be continuously increased, and the fundamental diagram will become more similar to that of the classic NaSch model; the smaller the bend radius is, the easier it is for the occurrence of blockage; for different bend lengths, all the corresponding traffic flows show that the phenomenon of go-and-stop and the bends exert slight inhibitory effect on traffic flow; under the same bend radius, the inhibition effect of the bends on the traffic flow will be weakened with the increase of the friction coefficiency.

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Xin, Shao Jie, and Huan Huan Zhang. "The Mechanism Optimization Design of Multifunctional Mobile Electric Bed-Chair." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.201.

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Multifunctional mobile bed-chair is designed base on human body engineering principles, it has several functions such as mobility, sitting up, bend knees and sleeping flat. We determine the size of components in both back raising mechanism and bend knees mechanism with geometric mapping method to satisfy the requirements of movement and work space. With the soft of ADAMS to optimize and simulate the motion of the bed-chair, the optimization goal is minimization of maximum value of the angular acceleration of both the back rod in back raising mechanism and leg rod in bend knees mechanism. Finally, we got the satisfied size of mechanisms.

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Nakai, Hidetaka, Kengo Matsuba, Masataka Akimoto, Tomonori Nozaki, Takahiro Matsumoto, Kiyoshi Isobe, Masahiro Irie, and Seiji Ogo. "Photoinduced bending of rod-like millimetre-size crystals of a rhodium dithionite complex with n-pentyl moieties." Chemical Communications 52, no. 23 (2016): 4349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc00059b.

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Butov, Oleg V., Alexey P. Bazakutsa, Yuri K. Chamorovskiy, Artem N. Fedorov, and Igor’ A. Shevtsov. "All-Fiber Highly Sensitive Bragg Grating Bend Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194228.

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In this paper, we demonstrated a novel, all-fiber highly sensitive bend sensor based on a four-core fiber rod with a diameter of 2.1 mm. We observed a high resolution of the sensor at a level of 3.6 × 10−3 m−1. Such a sensor design can be used in harsh environments due to the relatively small size and all-fiber configuration, containing no adhesive, nor welded joints.

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Lim, Sookkyung, Anca Ferent, X. Sheldon Wang, and Charles S. Peskin. "Dynamics of a Closed Rod with Twist and Bend in Fluid." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 31, no. 1 (January 2008): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/070699780.

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Al-Turaihi, Ali, Qasim Hasan Bader, and Ameen Basim. "Notch Effect on Aluminium Alloy Rod under Rotating Bend Fatigue Load." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1094, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1094/1/012069.

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Cao, Jian Dong, Yi Fang Wen, and Dong Dong Qiao. "By External Forces Based on the Equivalent Moment Method for the Installation of an Electronic Radar Rod Deflection." Advanced Materials Research 764 (September 2013): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.764.27.

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In combination with the installation of radar capture camera support, the maximum offset, the rod being considered by external forces, external forces such as wind effect will produce a non-directional bend, the stability of the camera will installand capture some of the impact. Solving method in the article is a combination of the equivalent moment method to seek to solve its offset. the rod is divided into equal finite element. the equivalent moment method to calculate the relative rotation of each section. Find the maximum deflection of the rod.

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Merkulov, S., and E. Akimov. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF ELEMENTS WITH COMPOSITE FITTINGS WITH BENDING AT PRIORITY SECTIONS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 9 (October 3, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-9-8-14.

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The inability of using this type of reinforcement as a cross on the support sections of the bent elements is one of the reasons limiting the wide use of composite rod reinforcement. To ensure the strength of bent elements along inclined sections, it is proposed to bend the rods of the working longitudinal working reinforcement, and geometric parameters of bends for some types of composite reinforcement are proposed, depending on the diameter of the rod. To develop a method for calculating the strength of inclined sections, it is necessary to develop experimentally justified prerequisites that take into account the features of joint operation of composite rod reinforcement in inclined sections. The article offers a method for experimental study of the strength and crack resistance of reinforced concrete bending elements with non-metallic composite rod reinforcement, including the design of prototypes, the installation scheme of devices during testing. The developed method allows to determine the parameters of strength and crack resistance of inclined sections of bent elements. The tasks of experimental studies of concrete elements reinforced with composite rod reinforcement are to determine the regularity of changes in the stress-strain condition of concrete and composite reinforcement during loading, to determine the nature of the destruction of elements along the inclined section, to obtain data on the strength and crack resistance of elements.

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Peng, Yong, Zhuang De Jiang, and Zheng Yong Duan. "Research on Magneto-Rheological Fluids Torsional Damper and Control System Applied to Controlling Carbon Fiber Strain." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.283.

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One fiber stain measure and control system has been designed to meet the problem that the magnitude and uniformity of the fiber strain directly determine the properties and longevity of the carbon fiber continuous sucker rod during the pultrusion process. In this system, there are 2 key technologies. The first one is the sensor that is used to measure the micro bend strain of the carbon fiber during the pultrusion process, designed base on fiber micro-bend principle, using silicon film as sensitive element and fabricated by silicon integrated circuit technology and three dimensional processes. Another is the executive unit of the system: Magneto-rheological Fluids torsional damper, which is designed base on one type of intelligent material named Magneto Rheological Fluids which can change its viscosity in millisecond according to the magnetic strength around it. So this paper provides a technical means to ensure the quality of the pultrusion process applied in fabricating the carbon fiber continuous sucker rod.

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Ariyanto, Ariyanto, and Alamsyah Noor Ahmad. "Studi Analisis Perencanaan Peningkatan Ruas Jalan Mantingan-Ngabul / Jalan Sultan Hadlirin." Jurnal Disprotek 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdpt.v11i2.1353.

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The development of roads in the City of Jepara continues to increase and the width of the road is insufficient to accommodate the traffic capacity causing flow obstruction and the road has an existing structural decline, causing the sections to be bumpy and potholes. It is necessary to do an analysis study on the improvement of the Mantingan-Ngabul road / Sultan Hadlirin road, Jepara Regency in order to solve this problem. From the analysis results obtained as follows: The ideal road widening for this road is at least 6 m. The analysis for calculating the pavement thickness index (ITP) for a 20 year plan age is Laston MS 744 with a thickness of 10 cm, Broken Stone Class A (CBR100%) with a thickness of 20 cm, and Sirtu Class A (CBR70%) with a thickness of 25.4 cm. The results of the geometric analysis of the highway where 5 S-S bends are obtained, with details of bend 1 requiring side freedom of 2.75 m, bend 2 of 3.17 m, bend 4 of 2.80 m, bend 5 of 3.11 m and bend widening is not required. For bend 3 requires side freedom of 13,725 m and a bend widening of 1 m is required from the original width of 7 m. According to the analysis, the road capacity of the Mantingan - Ngabul / Sultan Hadlirin road, Jepara Regency, obtained an average traffic growth rate of 2.6% and the number of LHR per year as follows: In 2020 4440 the number of vehicles / day. In 2025, there are 5048 vehicles / day. In 2030, there are 5739 the number of vehicles / day. In 2035, it is 6525 the number of vehicles / day. In 2040, 7419 the number of vehicles / day.

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14

Yang, Wengai, YaoHou Li, and Christopher Michael Sellars. "Experimental Bend Tests to Study Mechanical Descaling of Hot-Rolled Steel Rod." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 40, no. 4 (July 2012): 104213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte104213.

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Zhou, Chun Li, and Qian Zhang. "Study on Bend Performence of Binding Bars Prestressed Steel Box Concrete Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.990.

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Put forward binding bars prestressed concrete filled steel box girder and analyses it’s advantage, Study on the bending moment by the fiber model method to analyze the beam-Curvature and load-Relation curves of deflection theory.Through the finite element software analysis of prestressed concrete steel box beam prestressed concrete filled steel tubes and four ways to set binding bars the ultimate bearing capacity of the beam,Analysis of the influence of the thickness of the steel plate and rod diameter, constraint, constraint rod axial spacing on various beam flexural capacity.The results show that,Binding bar has more advantages for prestressed concrete steel box using a thin plate bending ability improvement,Diameter, spacing of the binding bars binding bars as long as not bending capacity of prestressed concrete with binding bars of steel box beam structure under the condition of impact.

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Paikun, Paikun, Reffy W. Andriani SP, Faldi Destaman, and Dede Winardi. "ROAD GEOMETRIC FEASIBILITY IN ROAD SAGARANTEN – TEGALBULEUD KM.BDG 175 + 100." astonjadro 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v10i1.4213.

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The Sagaranten-Tegalbuleud road is a provincial road, with its geographic and topographic conditions quite complicated, the terrain quite difficult, causing not all areas to be well connected, and the reason for the low level of accessibility of this area. Therefore, determining the road geometry is an important part of driving comfort. Geometric planning focuses on horizontal and vertical alignments so that it can fulfill the basic functions of the road that provide optimal traffic flow comfort according to the planned speed. A re-survey was conducted to obtain geometric data on existing roads that did not comply with DGH standards, then it was re-planned. The results of the analysis are three bends with the Spiral-Circle-Spiral type, namely bend 9, bend 10 and bend 11 with RC = 17 m, and the slope is determined for the vertical geometrical alignment of the road. The results of this research analysis can be used as a reference for improving geometric roads so that accessibility between regions can be increased.

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Sale, W. S. "The axonemal axis and Ca2+-induced asymmetry of active microtubule sliding in sea urchin sperm tails." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 2042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.6.2042.

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Structural studies of stationary principal bends and of definitive patterns of spontaneous microtubule sliding disruption permitted description of the bending axis in sea urchin sperm tail axonemes. Lytechinus pictus sperm were demembranated in a buffer containing Triton X-100 and EGTA. Subsequent resuspension in a reactivation buffer containing 0.4 mM CaCl2 and 1.0 mM MgATP2- resulted in quiescent, rather than motile, cells and each sperm tail axoneme took on an extreme, basal principal bend of 5.2 rad. Thereafter, such flagellar axonemes began to disrupt spontaneously into two subsets of microtubules by active sliding requiring ATP. Darkfield light microscopy demonstrated that subset "1" is composed of microtubules from the inside edge of the principal bend. Subset "2" is composed of microtubules from the outside edge of the principal bend and always scatters less light in darkfield than subset 1. Subset 2, which always slides in the proximal direction, relative to subset 1, results in a basal loop of microtubules, and the subset 2 loop is restricted to the bend plane during sliding disruption. Electron microscopy revealed that doublets 8, 9, 1, 2, 3 and the central pair comprise subset 1, and doublets 4, 5, the bridge, 6, and 7 comprise subset 2. The microtubules of isolated subset 2 are maintained in a circular arc in the absence of spoke-central pair interaction. Longitudinal sections show that the bending plane bisects the central pair. We therefore conclude that the bend plane passes through doublet 1 and the 5-6 bridge and that doublet 1 is at the inside edge of the principal bend. Experimental definition of the axis permits explicit discussion of the location of active axonemal components which result in Ca2+-induced stationary basal bends and explicit description of components responsible for alternating basal principal and reverse bends.

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Miller, Joia M., Doug Hall, Joanna Robaszewski, Prerna Sharma, Michael F. Hagan, Gregory M. Grason, and Zvonimir Dogic. "All twist and no bend makes raft edges splay: Spontaneous curvature of domain edges in colloidal membranes." Science Advances 6, no. 31 (July 2020): eaba2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba2331.

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Using theory and experiments, we study the interface between two immiscible domains in a colloidal membrane composed of rigid rods of different lengths. Geometric considerations of rigid rod packing imply that a domain of sufficiently short rods in a background membrane of long rods is more susceptible to twist than the inverse structure, a long-rod domain in a short-rod membrane. The midplane tilt at the interdomain edge forces splay, which, in turn, manifests as spontaneous edge curvature with energetics controlled by the length asymmetry of constituent rods. A thermodynamic model of such tilt-curvature coupling at interdomain edges explains a number of experimental observations, including annularly shaped long-rod domains, and a nonmonotonic dependence of edge twist on domain radius. Our work shows how coupling between orientational and compositional degrees of freedom in two-dimensional fluids gives rise to complex shapes of fluid domains, analogous to shape transitions in 3D fluid vesicles.

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Koutalos, Yiannis. "Will the Rod Bend or Break? Analyzing the Structural Resilience of Cellular Organelles." Biophysical Journal 104, no. 2 (January 2013): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.023.

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Bishop, T. C., R. Cortez, and O. O. Zhmudsky. "Investigation of bend and shear waves in a geometrically exact elastic rod model." Journal of Computational Physics 193, no. 2 (January 2004): 642–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.028.

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Cao, Lian Min, Guo Xiu Su, Qing Liang Zeng, and Xing Yuan Xiao. "Analysis on Welding Performance of the WH80 Steel Used in the Hydraulic Support." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.111.

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This paper mainly has carried on the analysis to the welding performance of high strength steel WH80, through the stretch and the bend test of manual welding rod, arc welding, the slanting y bevel weld crack test and the highest hardness test in welding heat-affected zone. It indicates that the WH80 steel has the good welding performance and is good material for hydraulic support.

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Diop, Mohamed, Abderrahmane Boubezoul, Latifa Oukhellou, and Stéphane Espié. "Powered Two-Wheeler Riding Profile Clustering for an In-Depth Study of Bend-Taking Practices." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 6696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226696.

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The understanding of rider/vehicle interaction modalities remains an issue, specifically in the case of bend-taking. This difficulty results both from the lack of adequate instrumentation to conduct this type of study and from the variety of practices of this population of road users. Riders have numerous explanations of strategies for controlling their motorcycles when taking bends. The objective of this paper is to develop a data-driven methodology in order to identify typical riding behaviors in bends by using clustering methods. The real dataset used for the experiments is collected within the VIROLO++ collaborative project to improve the knowledge of actual PTW riding practices, especially during bend taking, by collecting real data on this riding situation, including data on PTW dynamics (velocity, normal acceleration, and jerk), position on the road (road curvature), and handlebar actions (handlebar steering angle). A detailed analysis of the results is provided for both the Anderson–Darling test and clustering steps. Moreover, the clustering results are compared with the subjective data of subjects to highlight and contextualize typical riding tendencies. Finally, we perform an in-depth analysis of the bend-taking practices of one subject to highlight the differences between different methods of controlling the motorcycle (steering handlebar vs. rider’s lean) using the rider action measurements made by pressure sensors.

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Ilgamov, Marat A. "Buckling of an Oscillating Rod Under Longitudinal Impact." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 03 (March 2019): 1971001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419710019.

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The dynamics of a thin rod under the action of compressive force is considered. The compressive force increases abruptly and then remains constant. The compression of the rod is assumed to take place instantly throughout its length. The motion of the rod is studied, depending on the magnitude and time of action of the compressive force defined by the phase of the initial free oscillation of the rod. Only the initial stage of the process is investigated, for which the linear bending theory is valid. The friction forces are not taken into account. An essential relationship is shown to exist between the dynamics of the rod and the initial conditions determined by the phase of the bending oscillations at the instant of impact. Relatively weak impact leads to excitation of the bending oscillations. Rearrangement of harmonics develops with time under specified initial maximum deflection from a straight line and zero velocity. The fastest buckling takes place at some initial deflection with the velocity directed toward the increasing bend.

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Singha Roy, Subhamoy. "Transcription, torsional stress and the bending dynamics of DNA." Physics & Astronomy International Journal 4, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2020.04.00200.

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In this research, we found that the local opening of base pairs induces the formation of kinks which facilitates the bending of double helix. The conformational properties of DNA can be mapped onto the Heisenberg spin system and denaturation occurs through quantum phase transition (QPT) induced by a quench when the temperature effect is incorporated through the quench time. The nonequilibrium effect in QPT introduced through the quench generate defects like kinks end antikinks, the density of which depends on the quench time and hence on temperature. It is here argued that when we transcribe this result in the rod –like-chain (RLC) model of DNA, these defects correspond to bends. The dynamical formation of these bends during local denaturation associated with transcription hinders free rotation of the transcribed DNA and helps the torsional stress to propagate down the DNA. This explains the observed large torsional stress near the point of transcription. We have estimated the bend length which is found to be in good agreement with experiments.

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MacDonald, Ed. "A Bend in the Road." Air Medical Journal 28, no. 2 (March 2009): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.12.006.

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Ismael, Karzan S., and Noorance A. Razzaq. "Traffic Accidents Analysis on Dry and Wet Road Bends Surfaces in Greater Manchester-UK." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (August 27, 2017): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.51.

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Road accidents becomes global health and safety issues because of the gradual increase in the number of injuries and fatalities. In the UK, road accidents due to weather conditions has been one of the traffic safety challenges for researchers as well as drivers particularly in Greater Manchester. This is because of its influence on driver behaviour approaching traffic lights on the road bends. Hence, to better understand driver behaviour, this paper presents various driving behaviour on wet and dry road conditions. Data were obtained from police reports of road accidents at hazardous locations in Greater Manchester between 2011 and 2015. The reported data covers information regarding: Accidents, Vehicle, and Casualties. The obtained data was used to examine how road surface is associated with road accidents by using Chi-Square statistical test. The analysis showed that road surface significantly contributed to accidents at bend roads. Moreover, drivers’ behaviour was investigated as they can be expected to have a significant impact on accident occurrence. Finally, the main goal is that these results might reflect the safety issue at bend roads.

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Griffith, Boyce E., and Sookkyung Lim. "Simulating an Elastic Ring with Bend and Twist by an Adaptive Generalized Immersed Boundary Method." Communications in Computational Physics 12, no. 2 (August 2012): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.190211.060811s.

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AbstractMany problems involving the interaction of an elastic structure and a viscous fluid can be solved by the immersed boundary (IB) method. In the IB approach to such problems, the elastic forces generated by the immersed structure are applied to the surrounding fluid, and the motion of the immersed structure is determined by the local motion of the fluid. Recently, the IB method has been extended to treat more general elasticity models that include both positional and rotational degrees of freedom. For such models, force and torque must both be applied to the fluid. The positional degrees of freedom of the immersed structure move according to the local linear velocity of the fluid, whereas the rotational degrees of freedom move according to the local angular velocity. This paper introduces a spatially adaptive, formally second-order accurate version of this generalized immersed boundary method. We use this adaptive scheme to simulate the dynamics of an elastic ring immersed in fluid. To describe the elasticity of the ring, we use an unconstrained version of Kirchhoff rod theory. We demonstrate empirically that our numerical scheme yields essentially second-order convergence rates when applied to such problems. We also study dynamical instabilities of such fluid-structure systems, and we compare numerical results produced by our method to classical analytic results from elastic rod theory.

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Carichino, Lucia, and Sarah D. Olson. "Emergent three-dimensional sperm motility: coupling calcium dynamics and preferred curvature in a Kirchhoff rod model." Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA 36, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 439–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqy015.

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AbstractChanges in calcium concentration along the sperm flagellum regulate sperm motility and hyperactivation, characterized by an increased flagellar bend amplitude and beat asymmetry, enabling the sperm to reach and penetrate the ovum (egg). The signalling pathways by which calcium increases within the flagellum are well established. However, the exact mechanisms of how calcium regulates flagellar bending are still under investigation. We extend our previous model of planar flagellar bending by developing a fluid-structure interaction model that couples the 3D motion of the flagellum in a viscous Newtonian fluid with the evolving calcium concentration. The flagellum is modelled as a Kirchhoff rod: an elastic rod with preferred curvature and twist. The calcium dynamics are represented as a 1D reaction–diffusion model on a moving domain, the flagellum. The two models are coupled assuming that the preferred curvature and twist of the sperm flagellum depend on the local calcium concentration. To investigate the effect of calcium on sperm motility, we compare model results of flagellar bend amplitude and swimming speed for three cases: planar, helical (spiral with equal amplitude in both directions), and quasi-planar (spiral with small amplitude in one direction). We observe that for the same parameters, the planar swimmer is faster and a turning motion is more clearly observed when calcium coupling is accounted for in the model. In the case of flagellar bending coupled to the calcium concentration, we observe emergent trajectories that can be characterized as a hypotrochoid for both quasi-planar and helical bending.

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Xu, Liang, Liang Zhang, Jinzhou Zhao, and Kiwan Kim. "Cornering Algorithm for a Crawler In-Pipe Inspection Robot." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122016.

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Based on the large-scale wall-pressing three-legged crawler pipeline inspection robot, our team proposed a cornering algorithm based on space constraints, that aims to better control the smooth operation of the pipeline robot in the pipeline. This algorithm is aimed at large robots that use an electric telescopic rod structure to replace the elastic structure on traditional small robots. The electric telescopic rod structure meets the large-scale weight change of the robot and provides sufficient supporting force. However, this structure also makes it difficult for the robot to automatically adapt to the change of pipe diameter and increases the difficulty of the robot’s control. In order to solve this problem and more accurately control the operation of the robot during cornering, this paper analyzes the space constraints of the robot when turning, the optimization analysis of the telescopic rod expansion and the ratio of the speed of each crawler, obtaining a stable turning algorithm for pipeline robots. The algorithm guarantees that the robot can provide sufficient support in the bend pipeline, and that it has good stability and mobility.

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RODIONOV, Igor K., and Igor I. RODIONOV. "RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE WORK OF COMPRESSED RODS WITH GENERAL DEFORMATIONS, STRENGTHENED WITH WELDING." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.01.2.

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The article presents experimentally obtained information about the features of the work of compressed models that simulate the rods of steel trusses of the coating. 9 rods of T-section, made up of paired angles, were tested. The rods were divided into 3 series: 1, 2 and 3. Series 1 - straight (reference); series 2 - curves with a common bend on the edge in the plane of connecting gaskets; series 3 - curves similar to rods of series 2, but amplifi ed under load by increasing the cross section. Elements of reinforcement - rods from the corners, similar to the caliber of corners of the main rods, deformed in order to obtain a reverse bend. The purpose of amplifi cation is to bring the reinforced rod to a state close to central compression. The att achment of the reinforcement corners was carried out by hand welding by welding over welds of minimum dimensions in 4 sections. The load during amplifi cation was close to critical for rods of series 2. The rods of all series were loaded until loss of stability.

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Everitt, James H., James V. Richerson, Mario A. Alaniz, David E. Escobar, Ricardo Villarreal, and Michael R. Davis. "Light Reflectance Characteristics and Remote Sensing of Big Bend Loco (Astragalus mollissimusvar.earlei) and Wooton Loco (Astragalus wootonii)." Weed Science 42, no. 1 (March 1994): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500084265.

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The high near-infrared reflectance (0.76 to 0.90 μm) of Big Bend loco and Wooton loco contributed significantly to their orange-red and red image tonal responses, respectively, on color-infrared aerial photographs making them distinguishable from associated vegetation and soil. Big Bend loco could also be distinguished on color-infrared and near-infrared black-and-white video imagery where it had distinct red and whitish tonal responses, respectively. Computer analyses of photographic and videographic images showed that Big Bend loco and Wooton loco populations could be quantified from other landscape features. A global positioning system was integrated with the video imagery that permitted latitude-longitude coordinates to appear on each image. The latitude-longitude data were integrated with a geographical information system to map Big Bend loco populations.

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Shinkin, V. N. "Elastoplastic bend of round steel beam. Message 2. Residual stresses." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 11 (December 24, 2018): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-11-884-890.

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The residual stresses in metals can lead to the defects in metals during their forming and to destruction of metal structures during their long-term operation. The resulting residual stresses during metal forming can be of plastic nature, as in the malleable metals, or caused by a slow irreversible creep at the increased temperatures and prolonged action of loads. In the viscoelastic mediums, it can be caused by the viscous parts of deformation that can accumulate when the body is deformed for a long period of time. The residual stresses also have an effect on the metals microstructure and can present inside and around the crystalline grains as the micro-residual stresses, which are called the hidden elastic stresses. Sometimes the residual stresses are called the eigenstresses by an analogy with the eigenfunctions, introduced by the mathematicians to denote the functions that correspond to the certain values (the eigenvalues) of parameters of the differential equation under the given boundary conditions. The concept of the internal stresses was proposed as a general concept for this type of stresses, created by the body itself; the term residual stresses is assigned to the case, when the internal stresses are caused by the irreversible deformation. In addition to the emergence of favorable system of residual stresses in the discs of malleable metals with a pronounced deformation hardening, there will also be a local increase in strength, provided that the Bauschinger’s effect does not negate the achieved advantages. The extreme values of residual stresses of a straight cylindrical steel rod (beam) during bending are studied below.

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Courtial, Azelle, Achraf El Ayedi, Guillaume Touya, and Xiang Zhang. "Exploring the Potential of Deep Learning Segmentation for Mountain Roads Generalisation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050338.

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Among cartographic generalisation problems, the generalisation of sinuous bends in mountain roads has always been a popular one due to its difficulty. Recent research showed the potential of deep learning techniques to overcome some remaining research problems regarding the automation of cartographic generalisation. This paper explores this potential on the popular mountain road generalisation problem, which requires smoothing the road, enlarging the bend summits, and schematising the bend series by removing some of the bends. We modelled the mountain road generalisation as a deep learning problem by generating an image from input vector road data, and tried to generate it as an output of the model a new image of the generalised roads. Similarly to previous studies on building generalisation, we used a U-Net architecture to generate the generalised image from the ungeneralised image. The deep learning model was trained and evaluated on a dataset composed of roads in the Alps extracted from IGN (the French national mapping agency) maps at 1:250,000 (output) and 1:25,000 (input) scale. The results are encouraging as the output image looks like a generalised version of the roads and the accuracy of pixel segmentation is around 65%. The model learns how to smooth the output roads, and that it needs to displace and enlarge symbols but does not always correctly achieve these operations. This article shows the ability of deep learning to understand and manage the geographic information for generalisation, but also highlights challenges to come.

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Sathyanarayana, P., B. K. Sadashiva, and Surajit Dhara. "Splay-bend elasticity and rotational viscosity of liquid crystal mixtures of rod-like and bent-core molecules." Soft Matter 7, no. 18 (2011): 8556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05751k.

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Wei, Ming-Dong, Feng Dai, Nu-Wen Xu, Yi Liu, and Tao Zhao. "A novel chevron notched short rod bend method for measuring the mode I fracture toughness of rocks." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 190 (March 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.11.041.

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Forman, Richard T. T. "Road Ecology's Promise: What's Around the Bend?" Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 46, no. 4 (May 2004): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139150409604381.

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Einfeld, Dieter, Mark Plesko, and Joachim Schaper. "First multi-bend achromat lattice consideration." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 5 (August 27, 2014): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751401193x.

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By the beginning of 1990, three third-generation synchrotron light sources had been successfully commissioned in Grenoble, Berkeley and Trieste (ESRF, ALS and ELETTRA). Each of these new machines reached their target specifications without any significant problems. In parallel, already at that time discussions were underway regarding the next generation, the `diffraction-limited light source (DLSR)', which featured sub-nm rad electron beam emittance, photon beam brilliance exceeding 1022and the potential to emit coherent radiation. Also, at about that time, a first design for a 3 GeV DLSR was developed, based on a modified multiple-bend achromat (MBA) design leading to a lattice with normalized emittance of ∊x= 0.5 nm rad. The novel feature of the MBA lattice was the use of seven vertically focusing bend magnets with different bending angles throughout the achromat cell to keep the radiation integrals and resulting beam emittance low. The baseline design called for a 400 m ring circumference with 12 straight sections of 6 m length. The dynamic aperture behaviour of the DLSR lattice was estimated to produce > 5 h beam lifetime at 100 mA stored beam current.

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Maffiodo, Daniela, and Terenziano Raparelli. "Flexible Fingers Based on Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Modules." Machines 7, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines7020040.

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To meet the needs of present-day robotics, a family of gripping flexible fingers has been designed. Each of them consists of a number of independent and flexible modules that can be assembled in different configurations. Each module consists of a body with a flexible central rod and three longitudinally positioned shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. When heated by the Joule effect, one to two SMA wires shorten, allowing the module to bend. The return to undeformed conditions is achieved in calm air and is guaranteed by the elastic bias force exerted by the central rod. This article presents the basic concept of the module and a simple mathematical model for the design of the device. Experimental tests were carried out on three prototypes with bodies made of different materials. The results of these tests confirm the need to reduce the antagonistic action of the inactive SMA wires and led to the realization of a fourth prototype equipped with an additional SMA wire-driven locking/unlocking device for these wires. The preliminary results of this last prototype are encouraging.

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Perdana, Rizqi Rangga, Yeremia Kristian Adi Permata, Siti Latifah, Sukoyo Sukoyo, and Wasino Wasino. "Analisis Pengaruh Geometrik Dan Kelengkapan Rambu Lalu Lintas Terhadap Kecelakaan (Studi Kasus : Tanjakan Kethekan Kec. Jambu, Ruas Jalan Ambarawa – Magelang Km. 46+000 S/D 46+750)." Wahana Teknik Sipil: Jurnal Pengembangan Teknik Sipil 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/wahanats.v24i1.1607.

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Ambarawa – Magelang main road is an arterial road which used by drivers who came from Central Java headed to Yogyakarta. The Road Segment is considered to have frequent traffic accidents. The study aims to analyze the relationship between geometric aspects and the occurrence of accidents, compare actual speed with plan speed, and analyzing the completeness of the traffic signs on this section to identify the causes of accidents that occurred at that location. The stages of analysis is by doing the geometric calculation of the road and compared with the requirements in the regulation then identifying whether there is a relationship between accidents that occur with geometric conditions, vehicle speed, and the signs completeness. Identification and results of geometric analysis is known that Black Spot are on bend road I (km 46+300) there were 22 accidents due to breaking road markings, 6 accidents due to extreme bend, and 4 accidents due to road slackness throughout 2012 – 2018. On the bend road II (km 46+440) there were 5 accidents due to breaking road markings and on the bend road III (km 46+520) there were 3 accidents due to road slackness. with the result that there is a relationship between geometric conditions with accidents that occur and after being analyzed the completeness of the traffic signs is still lacking and needs to be completed.

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Romig, Kevin. "Gila Bend, Arizona: On the Road Somewhere Else." Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 68, no. 1 (2006): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pcg.2006.0014.

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Honma, R., H. Date, and S. Kanai. "EXTRACTION OF ROAD EDGES FROM MLS POINT CLOUDS USING BEND ANGLE OF SCANLINES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 14, 2020): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-1091-2020.

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Abstract. Efficient road edge extraction from point clouds acquired by Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) is an important task because the road edge is one of the main elements of high definition maps. In this paper, we present a scanline-based road edge extraction method using a bend angle of scanlines from MLS point clouds. Scanline-based methods have advantages in that computational cost is low, it is easy to extract accurate road edges, and they are independent of driving speed of MLS compared to methods using unorganized points. In contrast, there are some problems with these methods where the extraction accuracy becomes low at curb cuts and intersections. The extraction accuracy becomes low caused by the scanning noise and small occlusion from weeds and fallen leaves. In addition, some parameters should be adjusted according to the mounting angle of the laser scanner on the vehicle. Therefore, we present a scanline-based road edge extraction method which can solve these problems. First, the points of the scanline are projected to a plane in order to reduce the influence of the mounting angle of the laser scanner on the vehicle. Next, the bend angle of each point is calculated by using filtered point clouds which are not vulnerable to small occlusions around the curb such as weeds. Then, points with a local maximum of bend angle and close to trajectories are extracted as seed points. Finally, road edges are generated by tracking based on bend angle of scanlines and smoothness of road edges from the seed points. In the experiments, our proposed methods achieved a completeness of over 95.3%, a correctness of over 95.0%, a quality of over 90.7%, and RMS difference less than 18.7 mm in total.

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Cross, Rod. "A bead on a rotating rod experiment." Physics Education 56, no. 5 (June 18, 2021): 055012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ac09c6.

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Nemirovskii, Yu V., and S. V. Tikhonov. "The limit state of concrete and reinforced concrete rods at complex and longitudinal-transverse bending." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2020.1.05.

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The work considers rods with a constant cross-section. The deformation law of each layer of the rod is adopted as an approximation by a polynomial of the second order. The method of determining the coefficients of the indicated polynomial and the limit deformations under compression and tension of the material of each layer is described with the presence of three traditional characteristics: modulus of elasticity, limit stresses at compression and tension. On the basis of deformation diagrams of the concrete grades B10, B30, B50 under tension and compression, these coefficients are determined by the method of least squares. The deformation diagrams of these concrete grades are compared on the basis of the approximations obtained by the limit values and the method of least squares, and it is found that these diagrams approximate quite well the real deformation diagrams at deformations close to the limit. The main problem in this work is to determine if the rod is able withstand the applied loads, before intensive cracking processes in concrete. So as a criterion of the conditional limit state this work adopts the maximum permissible deformation value under tension or compression corresponding to the points of transition to a falling branch on the deformation diagram level in one or more layers of the rod. The Kirchhoff-Lyav classical kinematic hypotheses are assumed to be valid for the rod deformation. The cases of statically determinable and statically indeterminable problems of bend of the rod are considered. It is shown that in the case of statically determinable loadings, the general solution of the problem comes to solving a system of three nonlinear algebraic equations which roots can be obtained with the necessary accuracy using the well-developed methods of computational mathematics. The general solution of the problem for statically indeterminable problems is reduced to obtaining a solution to a system of three nonlinear differential equations for three functions - deformation and curvatures. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to approximate the solution of this equation on the segment along the length of the rod, and specific examples of its application to the Maple system of symbolic calculations are considered.

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Dugas, Jeffrey R. "The Athlete’s Elbow: Not a “Bend in the Road”." Clinics in Sports Medicine 39, no. 3 (July 2020): xv—xvi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2020.04.002.

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Gazzola, M., L. H. Dudte, A. G. McCormick, and L. Mahadevan. "Forward and inverse problems in the mechanics of soft filaments." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 171628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171628.

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Soft slender structures are ubiquitous in natural and artificial systems, in active and passive settings and across scales, from polymers and flagella, to snakes and space tethers. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a simple and practical numerical implementation based on the Cosserat rod model to simulate the dynamics of filaments that can bend, twist, stretch and shear while interacting with complex environments via muscular activity, surface contact, friction and hydrodynamics. We validate our simulations by solving a number of forward problems involving the mechanics of passive filaments and comparing them with known analytical results, and extend them to study instabilities in stretched and twisted filaments that form solenoidal and plectonemic structures. We then study active filaments such as snakes and other slender organisms by solving inverse problems to identify optimal gaits for limbless locomotion on solid surfaces and in bulk liquids.

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Aliev, Mikhail A., Elena A. Ugolkova, and Nickolay Yu Kuzminyh. "The helicoidal modulated nematic phases in a model system of V-shaped molecules." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 10 (April 20, 2019): 1950079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500796.

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The phase behavior of the melt of the symmetric V-shaped molecules has been inspected within the Landau–de Gennes approach. The arms of V-shaped molecule are modeled by rod-like segments connected at an external angle [Formula: see text]; these segments are assumed to be composed of monomer units. The phase diagram of the system contains regions of stability of the isotropic, homogeneous nematic, and modulated nematic phases: nematic twist bend (N[Formula: see text]) phase that is characterized by the three directors which move on a helix and one of these directors forms a fixed nonzero cone angle with the helix axis, and the N0 modulated phase in which one director is parallel to the helix axis while two others are orthogonal to the helix axis. The characteristic periods of modulated structures were found to be of order a few molecular lengths.

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DONG, SHUPING, ANJALI A. HIRANI, KATELYN R. COLACINO, YONG WOO LEE, and MAREN ROMAN. "CYTOTOXICITY AND CELLULAR UPTAKE OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS." Nano LIFE 02, no. 03 (September 2012): 1241006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984412410061.

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There is growing evidence that filamentous nanoparticles offer advantages over spherical ones in drug delivery applications. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of rod-like, plant-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) for nanomedical uses. Besides a nonspherical morphology, their facile bioconjugation, surface hydrophilicity and small size render CNCs promising drug carriers. The cytotoxicity of CNCs against nine different cell lines (HBMEC, bEnd.3, RAW 264.7, MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, KB, PC-3 and C6) was determined by MTT and LDH assay. CNCs showed no cytotoxic effects against any of these cell lines in the concentration range and exposure time studied (0–50 μg/mL and 48 h, respectively). Cellular uptake of fluorescein-5′-isothiocyanate-labeled CNCs by these cell lines, quantified with a fluorescence microplate reader, was minimal. The lack of cytotoxicity and the low nonspecific cellular uptake support our hypothesis that CNCs are good candidates for nanomedical applications.

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Maiman, Dennis J., Anthony Sances, Sanford J. Larson, Joel B. Myklebust, Michael A. Chilbert, Sam P. Nesemann, and Thomas J. Flatley. "Comparison of the Failure Biomechanics of Spinal Fixation Devices." Neurosurgery 17, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198510000-00007.

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Abstract The failure biomechanics of Harrington distraction rods, modified Weiss springs, and Luque rods were studied in intact cadavers and isolated spinal columns using flexion-compression loading. Most spines fractured at T-11 or T-12 at applied loads ranging between 556 and 4220 newtons (mean = 1833 N). After Harrington distraction rod placement, the same spines failed at a mean load of 859 N (42% of control), always as a result of hook extrusion and often including lamina fracture (seven cases). When modified Weiss springs were used, the spines failed at a mean load of 1128 N (54% of control) by allowing the spine to bend to the initial failure angle; in most instances, deformities resolved when the load was reduced. Luque rods were tested in four specimens; these provided the most rigid stabilization and failed at 83% of control values. Modified Weiss springs often maintain spinal stability better than Harrington distraction rods.

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Greer, Yoshimi Endo, and Stanley Lipkowitz. "TIC10/ONC201: a bend in the road to clinical development." Oncoscience 2, no. 2 (February 20, 2015): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.133.

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H., Herath, Fernando A., Ailapperuma D., Ranaraja V., and Fernando S. "Virtual Police – To identify who Bend Rules on the Road." International Journal of Computer Applications 169, no. 6 (July 17, 2017): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017914760.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bend of a rod'

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