Journal articles: 'Bending machines'

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Jones, Emlyn L., and Terry Watne. "Development of Integrated Shipyard Pipe Production Facility." Journal of Ship Production 11, no. 03 (1995): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1995.11.3.187.

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Jesse Engineering Company of Tacoma, Washington is the parent company of the Wallace Coast Machinery Company, which has designed and built pipe bending machines for many years. Working on a pipe bending machine application led to a complete pipe production modernization project in Southern China. Engineers jointly developed the design specifications for the machinery and automated controls. The overall engineering requirement was to automatically collect and sort the pipe processing requirements; route and track each spool through the shop; and provide automated bending, cutting, flange welding, and bending of the pipes. This paper describes and illustrates the shipyard system and explains the machinery and features of the new pipe production facility.

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Koryagina, O. M. "The selection of the main axis and the forming plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 7 (June 11, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2107-04.

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The article defines the main axis and the profiling plane in automatic profiling and stamping lines. Specific recommendations are given for choosing the position of the main axis and the profiling plane, depending on the configuration of the manufactured parts of the roll-formed section. Under the general name of profiling in the practice of stamping works, it is meant to obtain rigid and light profiles of large length and various configurations from sheet blanks. Profiling is carried out in four ways: in dies on crank presses, in dies on special bending presses, on universal bending machines (edging machines), on profiling roller machines. The first method, profiling on crank presses, is used for complex semi-closed and open profiles of relatively small length, if there are no special bending presses or profiling machines. The second method, profiling on special bending presses, is used for open and semiclosed profiles up to 5 mm long. The advantage of such presses is the possibility of using simple, and therefore cheap, tools in the manufacture. The third method, profiling on universal bending machines (edging machines), is used for bending parts (profiles of a simple shape in straight lines with different coupling radii determined by the radius of the machine ruler, for which the latter has a set of rulers). Bending machines allow bending materials of small thickness. Low productivity and the need for physical labor costs limit the use of these machines. The fourth method, profiling on roller machines, is used for open, semi-closed and closed profiles. The essence of the profiling process is to gradually change the profile drawing of a flat belt to a given profile when it is moved sequentially through several pairs of shaped rollers arranged sequentially one after the other in the same plane and rotating at the same speed. The article describes in detail the fourth method; the advantages and disadvantages are noted.

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Chaudhari, Manjit. "Hydraulic Pipe Bending Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 3299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37102.

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The process of pipe bending finds its importance in many industries, instruments, fluids transportation etc. The aim of this research is to design and fabricate a hydraulic jack-based pipe bending machine which has ability to bend pipes used at gas supply industry, while keeping in mind the requirements of a good pipe bending machine to provide high quality bends without defects but at the cost lesser than the existing pipe bending machines available in the marketplace. The fabricated pipe bending machine works on the principle of press bending method to perform the bending operation. The design of the proposed pipe bending machine is based on essential parameters of bending process such as radius and angle of the bend, diameter and thickness of the pipe. The single acting hydraulic jack of 16000 KG load capacity is used to apply the required pressing force to bend a circular pipe having the outer diameter ranging from ½ inch to 2 inches.

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Hoffmann, M., U. Geiβler, and M. Geiger. "Computer-aided generation of bending sequences for die-bending machines." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 30, no. 1 (1992): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(92)90035-q.

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Nur, Rusdi, Muhammad Arsyad Suyuti, and Muhammad Iswar. "Designing and Manufacturing the Press Tool of Air Bending V Brake." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 3 (2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i3.1397.

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Nowadays, the metal forming process in the welding machinery and machinery industry is developing very rapidly, especially in the bending process. The buckling process is a metal formation which generally uses sheet plates or rods from both ferrous and non-ferrous metals by bending, which in the bending process will cause a stretching or stretching on the neutral axis of the field along the bending area and producing a straight bending line. Appropriate technology machines have been widely used to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in the production process for community efforts. One of the appropriate technologies that can be applied in buckling is a tool equipped with a press tool. Press tool is one type of tool for the formation, cutting and bending of products from the base material of sheet plates whose operation uses a press machine. In this study, a V brake bending tool has been produced which has a capacity that is bending line length 300 mm, bending width 33 mm, spring height 110 mm, free step distance 19 mm, spring load received 263,820 N and material capacity that can be bent is a thickness of 3 mm, the punch angle used is 85⁰ with a punch radius used which is 1.5 mm while the die angle is 85⁰

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Zheng, Xi Jian, Xin Zhuo Wang, Jin Meng Zhang, and Yu Fei Zhu. "Influence Parameters Analysis of Forming Quality and System Dynamics Simulation of Vertical Steel Bar Benting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.280.

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The vertical steel bar bending forming is a kind of new process of bending method. The bending speed, bending radius and clamping length H which is the parameters of vertical steel bar bending machine , is directly affect the quality of bending forming parts. This paper calculated the length of reinforcement before being incised and the springback angle of bending steel bar which obtained the reasonable cutting length and bending Angle; Then based on rigid-flexible virtual prototype technology to build the dynamics model of vertical steel bar bending system. Through simulation analysis ,it obtained the relationship between bending speed, bending radius , clamping length H and forming quality of bending steel bar. In this paper, the analysis method have reference value to the design of similar steel bar bending machines.

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Śloderbach, Z. "Application of Two Conditions of Loss of Stability in Analysis of the Tube Bending Process." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 24, no. 4 (2019): 200–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2019-0058.

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Abstract In this paper, the derivation of expressions for admissible values of strains and stresses for vertex points of layers subjected to tension during tube bending at bending machines is presented. The conditions of the dispersed and located loss of stability of the bent tube were assumed as criteria of instability. The original element of this paper is the extension of the criterion of strain location in a form of possible initiation of a neck or furrow (introduced by Marciniak for thin plates [1]) to bending thin- and thick-walled metal tubes at bending machines. The conditions of the dispersed and localized loss of stability together with formation of the plane state of deformation (PSD) in the plane stress state (PSS) were assumed as the criteria of instability. The calculation results were presented as graphs being useful nomograms. We present also simple examples of calculations of permissible and critical strains and values of bending angles including and not including displacement of the neutral axis y0, during cold bending metal thin-walled tubes at bending machines for bending angles <0o; 180o>.

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Giripunje, Manish. "Design of Manual Pipe Bending Mechanism." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 1981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35380.

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Rotary draw bending an ongoing process. It’s an at-hand service proffered within the current market. However, each draw bender features a divergent mechanism with its pros and cons, thanks to its main advantages; the rotary draw bender was selected. Pipe bending machines have progressed many enhancements and augmentations over the amount. The sort of pipe bending plays a critical role in industries, instruments, and transporting of fluids. The first concern is that the required bend angle that this pipe will bend on. The following report will include an outline of the accessibility of this machine. The crucial variables that ought to be accounted for within the pipe bending is bend radius bend angle, pipe diameter, and thickness. The concept of press bending is employed to hold out the operation; thus, the specified force is administered with the help of a hydraulic jack. Also, other important variables are accounted for, like the bending force, bending torque, simulation outcomes about the work piece analysis, and eventually the machine design. Moreover, a prototype that satisfies the specified constraints is manufactured and assembled. Being a manual bending machine means no use of electricity is required, leading to no power consumption. Additionally, this machine is favorable, feasible, affordable, low maintenance, and higher accuracy.

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Hermes, Matthias, Daniel Staupendahl, Christoph Becker, and A. Erman Tekkaya. "Innovative Machine Concepts for 3D Bending of Tubes and Profiles." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.37.

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The paper deals with two new processes and developed special machines for profile and tube bending. The first process is a new roll-based machine for three-dimensional bending of profiles with symmetrical and asymmetrical cross-sections that has been developed. Compared to conventional processes like stretch bending, the advantage of Torque Superposed Spatial (TSS) Bending is the kinematic adjustment of the bending contour, leading to higher flexibility and cost efficiency especially in small batch production. The second process is the new process of Incremental Tube Forming (ITF). This process is based on a combination of a spinning process and kinematic free form bending of tubular semi-finished products. It is suitable for bending tubes two- and three-dimensionally to arbitrary contours and for manufacturing tailored tubes. The combined spinning and bending process leads to low bending forces with the possibility of a significant springback reduction.

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Berg, B. T. "Bending of Superelastic Wires, Part II: Application to Three-Point Bending." Journal of Applied Mechanics 62, no. 2 (1995): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895953.

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The constitutive relationship between applied pure bending moment and the resulting curvature of a few superelastic alloy wires is applied to the three-point bending problem. Three-point bending experiments on hard and soft loading machines are described. The relationship between the applied deflection and the resulting force in three-point bending is calculated from a nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli rod theory. A numerical procedure used to solve the three-point bending problem for both loading and unloading is briefly described and numerical results are compared with experiment.

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Findley, W. N., and R. L. Sutherland. "Comparison of Fatigue Tests of Two Plastics, Three Composites and an Aluminum Alloy Obtained on Four Different Types of Fatigue Machines." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 1 (1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903181.

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The results of fatigue tests of two thermoplastics (cellulose acetate and polystyrene), three composites (laminated plastics of paper, canvas, and fiberglass) and one aluminum alloy (25-ST) are reported. Four different types of fatigue machines were used to test most of the above materials. The fatigue machines were: rotating-cantilever-beam, constant-amplitude-of-deflection, and constant-amplitude-of-force, types, all of which tested specimens in bending, and a constant-amplitude-of-deflection machine which tested specimens in direct tension and compression. Results from the four machines are compared and the cause of differences is explored.

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Voicu, M. C., B. Lammen, R. Schmidt, and I. Maniu. "Simulation of Bending Vibrations of a Roller System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 162 (March 2012): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.162.47.

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To improve the efficiency of printing or coating processes for paper products the velocity of the web and the roller width can be increased. However, these measures cause deformations of the rollers, heating effects and streak print defects due to undesirable oscillations. The vibration characteristic is significant for the quality and efficiency of the printing or coating processes. Approved methods like balancing of the rollers and maximizing the bending stiffness have come to technical limits. This paper describes a new promising technology for further optimization of printing and coating machines. Piezoelectric actuators are integrated in the bearings of a roller of a flexographic printing machine and generate counterforces to compensate undesired bending vibrations. Strain gauges applied on the roller measure the vibrations. A simulation model of the mechatronic overall-system has been developed to design the control strategy. The oscillations of roller systems in printing machines and other industrial applications are mainly stimulated by disturbances that occur periodically with each rotation. A feedback control strategy combined with a feed forward compensation of predictable disturbances has shown promising results in simulation and experiments. Due to the fact that the excitations of the oscillations are periodically with the rotation of rollers, another approach for vibration reduction has been developed. The forces for vibration reduction are not generated by an active mechatronic system but by passive profile rings.

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Śloderbach, Z. "A derivation of the generalized model of strains during bending of metal tubes at bending machines." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 19, no. 1 (2014): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2014-0011.

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Abstract According to the postulate concerning a local change of the “actual active radius” with a bending angle in the bend zone, a generalized model of strain during metal tube bending was derived. The tubes should be subjected to bending at tube bending machines by the method of wrapping at the rotating template and with the use of a lubricated steel mandrel. The model is represented by three components of strain in the analytic form, including displacement of the neutral axis. Generalization of the model during bending metal tubes at the tube bending machines as compared with the existing papers (Śloderbach, 1999; Śloderbach and Rechul, 2000) consists in including the neutral axis displacement and possibility of determination of strains at each point along the thickness of the wall of the bent tube in the bending and bend zone. The derived scheme of strain satisfies initial and boundary kinematic conditions of the bending process, conditions of continuity and inseparability of strains. The obtained analytic expressions can be classified as acceptable from the kinematic point of view

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Holesovsky, Frantisek, Martin Novák, Michal Lattner, and Tomas Vyslouzil. "Machining and its Influence to Surface Quality of Machine Parts." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.354.

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A number of machine parts are provided with design notches for the mounting of lock ring, position of bearing, and cross over sub of diameters etc. These elements significantly affect the durability of machines parts and their influence is inherently implemented into their design. The question is machining itself, particularly ambient surface finishing and intrinsic notch element. The changes and behaviour of machined surface form also very interesting part of paper and particularly under load. A number of new findings concerning the influence of machining on durability of machine parts both under dynamic load and the cyclic tensile, bending at rotation and torque were discovered in this research. The findings are important for further development, mainly related to car and aviation industries.

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Gavrilescu, Ionel, Doina Boazu, and Felicia Stan. "Estimating of Bending Force and Curvature of the Bending Plate in a Three-Roller Bending System Using Finite Element Simulation and Analytical Modeling." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051204.

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Many industries such as shipbuilding require steel bending plates in a wide range of radii, thus bending machines are often designed and produced on a custom basis in shipyards. From a design perspective, however, the bending force and the radius of the bending plate as a function of vertical displacement of the upper roller must be known. In this paper, a hybrid numerical–analytical approach is proposed to investigate the three-roller bending process for two plates of steel used in the naval industry. Firstly, the bending process is modeled using the finite element (FE) method and regression models for the bending force as a function of plate thickness and vertical displacement of the upper roller were constructed. Then, based on the findings from FE analysis, using the bent bar theory, two analytical expressions for the bending force were derived. Using geometric and deformation compatibilities, analytical expressions for the vertical displacement of the upper roller as a function of the curvature of the bending plate were also developed. The FE results suggest that the cross section of the plate is practically a plastic hinge in the tangent area of the upper roller and that the deformation compatibilities must be considered in order to estimate the curvature radius of the bending plate using analytical formulations. These results are of practical importance in designing rolling machines to estimate the setting parameters.

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Černý, Ivo, Ivan Fürbacher, Dagmar Mikulová, and Jiří Sís. "An Effect of Laser Hardening on Contact and Bending Fatigue of a 42CrMo4 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.221.

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The paper deals with an investigation of surface laser hardening characteristics on contact and bending fatigue resistance of a 42CrMo4 steel, being often used for manufacture of gear wheels. The aim of the experimental programme was to simulate the complex service loading of fairly large gears by two separate investigations, namely contact fatigue performed on a special, so called analogon machine and bending fatigue performed on high cycle fatigue resonance machines using three-point-bend (3PB) fairly large specimens. It was shown that after optimising the methodology and parameters of the laser hardening technology, contact fatigue resistance is very good, comparable with very expensive and time consuming thermochemical high-depth surface treatments. Bending endurance limit can be increased. The role of residual stresses resulting from the laser treatment was shown as decisive.

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Albertelli, Paolo, Matteo Strano, and Michele Monno. "Experimental Investigation of Energy Saving Opportunities in Tube Bending Machines." Procedia CIRP 62 (2017): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.06.053.

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Zhou, Y. J., and Qiu Ju Zhang. "CAD Application on Manufacture of Forming Shoulder for Packaging Machines." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.161.

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Based on the theoretical analysis of forming shoulder used in fill-and-seal packaging machine, this paper presented the 2-D and 3-D mathematical models of offset bending curve jointing the vertical tube and shoulder parts. According to the technology widely used in the manufacturers, the theoretical basis was provided for preparing the rough parts to make the shoulders. Furthermore, a new method using test tube was proposed to check the shape curve and locate the shoulder parts before welding. Transformed from 3-D offset bending curve, the 2-D cutting data of test tube was also provided for practical use.

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Kurek, Andrzej. "Using Fatigue Characteristics to Analyse Test Results for 16Mo3 Steel under Tension-Compression and Oscillatory Bending Conditions." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051197.

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In this study, 16Mo3 steel was analysed for fatigue tests under tension-compression and oscillatory bending conditions. The analysis involved a comparison of fatigue test results obtained using the Manson-Coffin-Basquin, Langer and Kandil models and the models proposed by Kurek-Łagoda. It was observed that it is possible to substitute the basic tension-compression test performed in large testing machines with oscillatory bending tests carried out on a simple, modern test stand. The tests were performed under oscillatory bending on a prototype machine. The testing of 16Mo3 steel proved that the best-known Mason-Coffin-Basquin fatigue characteristic describes the results of all of the experimental tests very well, but the model can only be used when it is possible to divide strains into elastic and plastic components. It should be emphasised here that there is no such possibility in the case of tests performed under oscillatory bending conditions. It was proven that the proposed test method can substitute the tension-compression test very well and be a much more cost efficient way to obtain LCF material fatigue properties.

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Wright, A. D., and R. W. Thresher. "A Comparison of Predicted Wind Turbine Blade Loads to Test Measurements." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 3 (1988): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268254.

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The accurate prediction of wind turbine blade loads and response is important in predicting the fatigue life of wind machines. At the SERI Wind Energy Research Center, a rotor code called FLAP (Force and Loads Analysis Program) is currently being validated by comparing predicted results to machine measurements. The FLAP code has been modified to allow the teetering degree of freedom. This paper describes these modifications and comparisons of predicted blade bending moments to test measurements. Wind tunnel data for a 1/20th scale model will be used to compare FLAP predictions for the cyclic flap-bending moments at the 33 percent spanwise station for three different wind speeds. The comparisons will be made for both rigid and teetering hubs. Currently, the FLAP code accounts for deterministic excitations such as wind shear, tower shadow, gravity, and prescribed yawing motions. Conclusions will be made regarding the code’s accuracy in predicting the cyclic bending moments.

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K, Mariyappan, Karthick N, Aasik Ahamed.N, Gopinath S, Pradeep S, and Suresh Kumar.S. "Design and Production of Portable Bar Bender." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18713.

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During this generation many projects and inventions are invented to reduce the man power, time, and difficulties of the work. But still some small types of works are only based on the man power because of the cost price of invention and difficult of handling of inventions. This designed and fabricated hydraulic bar bending equipment is used for bending rods, strips, angles, and bars. During some period a type of hydraulic rod bending machines only used on large scale and industrial works. In our type we simplified the design suitably for small scale construction based rod bending works.

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Putra, Ichsan Setya, Pham Hoang Nam, Hendri Syamsudin, Tatacipta Dirgantara, and Le Xuan Truong. "Design, Manufacturing and Testing Process of Buckling and Bending Testing Machine Using Systematic Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.441.

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In this work, a new testing machine is designed and manufactured with two main functions, i.e., buckling and bending experiment. This machine is designed for classroom demonstrations, or students working in pairs or small groups. The buckling experiment is used to show the buckling phenomenon and to determine critical buckling load for struts with pinned and clamped ends for various strut lengths. The struts for buckling test are made from aluminum alloys with section 2 mm × 20 mm and various lengths of 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm. The bending experiment is carried out to find the flexural rigidity of a strut. The supports of strut in bending test can be changed to fixed, pinned, and rolled supports. The strut of bending test is made from aluminum alloys and common steel with section 3 mm × 20 mm and length 600 mm. Using a systematic method, the development of the machine is broken downinto 3 stages. The first stageof the systematic process is to define the specification based on requirements and objectives. In the second stage, the conceptual design is performed. It comprises the evaluation of the function to find advantages and disadvantages of the components based on the design requirements setup earlier and the comparison of the design concepts against several existing machines was made. Based on this evaluation, the final design is selected for stage 3 of the detail design stage. In this final stage, each component is designed and analyzed in detail. Based on the result of design stage, the testing machine is then manufactured in the Universitys workshop. The evaluation of the machine shows a new design that meets the requirements and objectives. The measurements of critical buckling loads and bending displacements for various strut lengths are in good agreements with analytical calculation. The margins are less than 5 percent.

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Shi, Huai Rong, and Yan Nian Rui. "Optimization for Spindle of Jade Carving Machine Based on Fuzzy Reliability Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.801.

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In machines working under the effect of alternating stresses, the fatigue bending deflection occured occasionally. On the basis of the Fuzzy Reliability Theory and with full consideration of the fuzzy factors during mechanical process, the paper studied the fuzzy reliability optimal design for the hollow spindle of multi-functional jade carving machine and improved the design quality of the jade carving machine spindle by probing into the combined model constructed by the random variables and fuzzy variables. The design was approved to be advanced, reliable and practical in service and provided a new way for the design of multifunctional jade carving machine spindle and other mechanical products.

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Bessa Pacheco, J., and Abel D. Santos. "A Study on the Nose Radius Influence in Press Brake Bending Operations by Finite Element Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1432.

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The sheet metal bending is one of the metal forming processes with the simplest geometric interpretation and usually a 2D analysis is considered. The bend over a sheet metal blank consists of a V shape forming by using a punch, with a certain nose radius, forcing the plate against an open die, with a V section. The forming result is a part with an angle obtained between the V legs, flanges, which is known as bending angle. The operation to get the required V angle is called air bending, or free bending. The most common used machines for this forming process are press brakes, special long presses, where the tools, punch and die, are attached to. With the spread use of CNC machines, and their computer control capabilities, most of them using graphical user interface (GUI), became important to get the required shape at first trial. Beyond the required bending angle obtained with just one hit, it is also important to position the gauge system in order to get the successive flange lengths to complete the programmed shape. The main variables controlled by the CNC are the punch penetration inside the die and the position of the back gauge, which is determined by the bend allowance. However this penetration is not the only responsible for the resulting bending angle and the gauging position is not the only responsible for the flange length. Additionally, the radius inside the V shape edge, known as bending radius, influences the geometry and correspondingly the bend allowance. Some authors believe that the punch nose radius has direct influence, both in the bending angle and bend allowance. In this paper, results are presented describing the use of finite element analysis as an aid in the prediction of the inside bending radius, that influences both punch penetration for the final bending angle and the bend allowance for the final flange length. From the air bending analysis, a natural inside bending radius is presented as an important variable in these kind of processes, as well as its minor dependence on the punch nose radius.

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Bang, Y.-B., and S. Ito. "Linear motor drive ultrahigh-speed injection moulding machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 5 (2002): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405021520283.

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This paper presents a report on the development of a linear motor drive injection moulding machine for the attainment of ultrahigh-speed injection moulding. Until now it has been impossible to produce such a high speed with all-electric injection moulding machines, although the need for such ultrahigh-speed, electrically driven injection moulding machines has clearly existed. However, direct drive by linear motors may cause brief nozzle separation from the sprue bushing because of an inertia force as large as the total output thrust of the linear motors, and this momentary separation can cause molten plastic leakage. In this paper, two solutions are proposed for this inertia force problem. One is mechanical cancellation of the inertia force, the other is an increase in the nozzle contact force. Furthermore, a new nozzle contact mechanism is proposed that prevents the stationary platen bending caused by the nozzle contact force. Some experimental results on a manufactured all-electric, ultrahigh-speed injection moulding machine are presented.

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Widyanto, R. Arri, and Saifudin Saifudin. "Penerapan Roll Bending Machine pada IKM Logam di Desa Tlahab Kecamatan Kledung Kabupaten Temanggung." Celebes Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37541/celebesabdimas.v2i2.448.

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Abstract. This Community Partnership Program is in partnership with BINA USAHA Small and Medium Industries which is engaged in the metal welding industry. BINA USAHA also produces equipment and simple machines for industrial processing of agricultural products from surrounding communities, such as tobacco chopper machines and coffee peeler. The production equipment owned by the partners is still conventional. This condition causes low production capacity, in addition, the existing equipment is less ergonomic, so it often creates work inconvenience for employees. Apart from low production capacity, the use of conventional equipment will also result in poor product quality, because the uniformity of the dimensions of the workmanship cannot be maintained. Meanwhile, problems in the field of management, product marketing are still limited to certain areas. This is due to the lack of information received by partners in finding areas for product marketing, lack of marketing networks and the marketing area is not yet extensive. This activity uses a participatory community empowerment model / Participatory Rural Appraisal so that it requires active participation from partners. The solutions offered to solve the problems faced by partners in this PKM scheme community service activities are: a). Equipment development, b). Production process training, c). Develop a marketing model. The output target to be achieved from this activity is the application of science and technology ROLLS BENDING MACHINE at IKM BINA USAHA, so as to increase the competitiveness of IKM products and improve the welfare of the community.

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Vul’fson, I. I., and M. V. Preobrazhenskaya. "Excitation of bending and torsional vibrations in multisectional drives of cyclic machines." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 39, no. 2 (2010): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618810020032.

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Lin, Zone-Ching, and Da-Yuan Chang. "Selection of sheet metal bending machines by the PRISM-inductive learning method." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 7, no. 4 (1996): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00124834.

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Gwangwava, Norman, Khumbulani Mpofu, Nkgatho Tlale, and Yan Yu. "A methodology for design and reconfiguration of reconfigurable bending press machines (RBPMs)." International Journal of Production Research 52, no. 20 (2014): 6019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.904969.

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Śloderbach, Z., and J. Pająk. "Stored Energy of Plastic Deformation in Tube Bending Processes." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 18, no. 1 (2013): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2013-0015.

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The paper presents an aproximate analytic method for determination of the stored energy of plastic deformation during cold bending of metal tubes at bending machines. Calculations were performed for outer points of the tube layers subjected to tension and compression (the points of maximum strains). The percentage of stored energy related to the plastic strain work was determined and the results were presented in graphs. The influence and importance of the stored energy of plastic deformation on the service life of pipeline bends are discussed.

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Suyuti, Muhammad Arsyad, Muhammad Iswar, Rusdi Nur, and Erniyanti Erniyanti. "Desain Konstruksi Press Tool Sebagai Alat Bending Bentuk V Dengan Garis Bending Max. 300mm." Jurnal Sinergi Jurusan Teknik Mesin 17, no. 1 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v17i1.1592.

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Nowadays, the process of metal forming in the machining industry and welding workshop is developing very rapidly especially in the plate bending process. The bending process is the formation of metals which generally use plates or rods of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal materials by bending, which in the bending process will cause stretching or stretching on the neutral plane axis along the bending area and produce a straight bend line. The use of appropriate technology machines has been widely used to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in the production process for community businesses, especially those in the regions. One of the appropriate technologies that might be applied in the bending process is a hydraulic jack press that is equipped with a press tool. Press tool is one type of product forming, cutting and bending tools from the basic material of sheet plates whose operations are using a press tool. The results of the design of press tool bending tool V have a length of 300 mm bending line, 33 mm bending width, 110 mm spring height, free step distance of 19 mm. The punch angle used is 85⁰ with the punch radius used is 1.5 mm while the die angle is 85⁰. The selected punch and die material is Steel AISI 1045 HV HR.

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Казаков, Vladimir Kazakov, Казаков, and Igor Kazakov. "Analytical study of the process of destruction of soil layer machines for digging with active working bodies." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 3 (2015): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14170.

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The article presents the results of analytical studies of the process of destruction of soil layer wicomoco dishwasher with active working bodies in the form of beat and otmahivala for digging planting material in forest nurseries. The proposed formula for determining the maximum bending moment arising from the destruction of soil formation. Considered a condition that guaranteed the destruction of the formation of soil, and given a formula to determine the maxi-mum bending stresses, taking into account geometric and kinematische parameters of working bodies.

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Фролов, Є. А., Б. О. Коробко та С. В. Попов. "ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ БАЗОВИХ ПЛИТ УЗРП-16". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 87 (30 червня 2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2020.87.08.

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Theoretical studies of the stress-strain state of base plates, which are the base of the UZRP-16 universal collapsible machines have been done. These machines are used for welding works in machine building industry. The finite element method was applied to solve the problems. Nature of influence of strength and structural parameters on the base plate stress-strain state in operation has been determined, namely: the relations between displacements and stresses arising in the base plates and the bending moment magnitudes have been recorded; the stress-strain state pattern of the base plates has been obtained depending on the place of bending moment application; influence of the conditions for bearing and fastening the plates on their stress-strain state has been investigated; influence of the plate geometric parameters on stress and displacement has been studied; The stress-material and displacement-material relations have been obtained for the plates. Based on the theoretical study results of the base plate stress-strain state, the following have been obtained: stress plots and patterns of deformed surfaces, which are symmetrical with respect to the plate central axes; maximum values of normal and tangential stress components arising in the field of bending moment application; stress on the rectangular base plate surface is 2.1 times higher than the stress on square plate surface under the same conditions of bearing and loading; stresses acting on the plate surfaces and being tensile stresses within the range of 10 to 70 MPa. It was found that the square shape of the plates, according to the stress state, is predominant in relation to the rectangular shape. The optimal condition for bearing is fixing the plates at nine points. For the first time, graphs were drawn for choosing the base plate thickness under action of various operational loads.

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Pennacchi, P., and A. Vania. "Diagnosis and Model Based Identification of a Coupling Misalignment." Shock and Vibration 12, no. 4 (2005): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/607319.

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This paper is focused on the application of two different diagnostic techniques aimed to identify the most important faults in rotating machinery as well as on the simulation and prediction of the frequency response of rotating machines. The application of the two diagnostics techniques, the orbit shape analysis and the model based identification in the frequency domain, is described by means of an experimental case study that concerns a gas turbine-generator unit of a small power plant whose rotor-train was affected by an angular misalignment in a flexible coupling, caused by a wrong machine assembling. The fault type is identified by means of the orbit shape analysis, then the equivalent bending moments, which enable the shaft experimental vibrations to be simulated, have been identified using a model based identification method. These excitations have been used to predict the machine vibrations in a large rotating speed range inside which no monitoring data were available. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of identification of coupling misalignment and prediction of the consequent machine behaviour in an actual size rotating machinery. The successful results obtained emphasise the usefulness of integrating common condition monitoring techniques with diagnostic strategies.

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Gupta, Navriti, A. K. Agrawal,, R. S. Walia, and Ranganath Singari. "Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel In CNC Machining: An Overview." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3, no. 1 (2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201801125.

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D2 steel is an industrial tool steel. It is widely used in the tool and die industry for making cutting tool inserts, bending inserts, restriking inserts, etc. which can be taken out after their tool life. D2 steel is a very tough steel and difficult to machine also. High generations tool bits like Tungsten carbides and Titanium carbides are required to machine them. The heat treatment follows the machining process. Their machinability is very low. CNC machines are often used to finish them. Often they are machined using programs on UG-NX Uni Graphics(CAM) and DELCAM. And they have to be machined in three steps. Roughing operations, followed by Semi-Finish machining and the last step is finish machining.CNC machining centers are versatile in their applications in metal removal processes. Often they are so modernized that just like many manufacturing operations, metal removal can be automated too. The need for CNC machining arises due to extensive finishing requirements in the aerospace, automotive industries. However, the CNC or Computer and Numerically controlled machining process usage is not limited to these industries only. Tool and Die industry also is heavily dependent on CNC material removal and machining processes as now replaceable inserts are widely used in this industry.

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Engel, Bernd, and Sara Salman Hassan Al-Maeeni. "Re-engineering of Rotary Draw Bending Machines: A Survey of Manufacturers and Users." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 7, no. 1 (2019): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00115-3.

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Ramamurti, V., V. Ravi Shankar Rao, and N. S. Sriram. "Design aspects and parametric study of 3-roll heavy-duty plate-bending machines." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 32, no. 3 (1992): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(92)90255-q.

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Yablonev, Alexander, and Anna Guseva. "Method of Expanding Measurement Limits of Digital Dynamometer in Testing Strength of Moulded Peat Products." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401035.

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The work is carried out to survey operating quality of sod peat produced by milling-forming machines in the field. The surveillance will help make necessary changes in mining machine designs and operating modes in a timely manner. One of the most important quality parameters of sod peat is its bending strength. To evaluate it, Tver State Technical University has developed a destruction test bench. The test bench is equipped with a digital dynamometer and a strain-gauge bracket torecord the destructive load. However, the instruments are designed for 1 kN maximum load. The bending tests of moulded peat products conducted by the authors showed that the destructive load often exceeds 1 kN, which meant that the generation and measurement limits of destructive load have to be expanded within the range of equipment being available. The problem has been solved by installing additional elements in the strain- gauge bracket and making a calibration chart. The method can expand the generation and measurement limits of destructive load by more than 50 %.

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Velkavrh, Igor, Andreas Trausmuth, Manel Rodríguez Ripoll, et al. "Damage Mechanisms of Plasma, Gas and Salt Bath Nitrocarburized Steel in Lab-Scale Sliding Test." Key Engineering Materials 674 (January 2016): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.674.152.

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Nitrocarburized steel surfaces are often used in tribological forming applications due to their beneficial sliding properties. One typical application field can be found in bending machines where the nitrocarburized layer can withstand massive volume loss and prevent from adhesion of the work sheet material. However, under non-lubricated sliding conditions abrupt failure of the nitrocarburized layer can occur, which results in pronounced increase of friction and wear. In order to characterise the wear mechanisms of nitrocarburized surfaces under non-lubricated sliding conditions, a lab-scale study was carried out. Different nitrocarburizing processes including plasma, gas and salt bath nitrocarburizing were investigated. Oscillating sliding tests with DIN 100Cr6 bearing steel cylinder sliding against nitrocarburized plate were performed at contact pressures typical for bending machines. Evaluation of wear was performed by white-light interferometer with measurements of the wear-scar topography and a subsequent calculation of the average wear depth. A strong influence of the nitrocarburizing process on friction and wear behaviour was observed. This behaviour could be correlated with the microstructure of the compound layer.

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Peng, Bo, Rupeng Zhu, Miaomiao Li, and Ziyang Tang. "Bending Vibration Suppression of a Flexible Multispan Shaft Using Smart Spring Support." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7859164.

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Because the flexible multispan shaft in large machines often rotates at supercritical speed, it is desirable to find ways to suppress the resulting bending vibration. In this paper, a novel type of support structure is proposed and investigated, which can suppress the bending vibration using dry friction. This approach is called Smart Spring support (SMSS). A dynamic model for the multispan shaft with SMSS is developed. The relationship between the vibration suppression effect and the control parameters of the SMSS is obtained through a numerical example involving a helicopter tail drive shaft. A structure of the SMSS is designed and examined with a rotor test. The results demonstrate that the SMSS has a significant effect on bending vibration suppression of flexible multispan shafts. The vibration-reduction ratio of the peak amplitude reaches 57.2% in the numerical example and 45.2% in the rotor test.

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Berger, James. "Bending, Twisting, Popping: Protein and Nucleic-Acid Remodeling by ATP-Dependent Machines and Switches." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (2015): 3a—4a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.034.

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Silva, Hugo Miguel, and José Filipe Bizarro de Meireles. "Determination of Material/Geometry of the Section Most Adequate for a Static Loaded Beam Subjected to a Combination of Bending and Torsion." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.507.

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The acceleration of industrial machines mobile parts has been increasing over the last few years, due to the need of higher production in a short period of time. The machines were dimensioned for a lower value of acceleration, which means there is not enough rigidity for the correct operation at much higher accelerations. Nowadays, the accelerations can be near 12 times the acceleration of gravity. There is the need of improving rigidity to make possible the correct machine operation without undesired vibrations that can ultimately lead to failure. The main applications of this work are plotters and laser cutting machines. To improve rigidity, one must improve the relevant material properties, and the relevant geometric variables of the model.[1] A novel Finite Element Model Updating methodology is presented in this paper. The considered models were : a ribbed plate and a tubular beam. The models were built by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM), and MATLAB was used to control the optimization process, using a programming code. Both material properties and geometric parameters were optimized. The main aim of the materials modeling is to know how the value of the objective function changes with the value of the material properties. Materials selection was performed, using material selection charts, to select the best material for the application. The value of these properties was not in the catalogue, and the properties used to perform the material selection were related to a material sub-class, Eg. Steel. The final material selection determined the best specific material for the application, and that material was mechanically tested. The mechanical tests performed were: Tensile Test and Extensometry Test, to obtain the relevant material properties, mainly Young Modulus, Poisson Coefficient and Yield Stress. The deflection of the optimized models reduced strongly in comparison to the initial models.

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Śloderbach, Z. "Derivation of Relations and Analysis of Tube Bending Processes Using Discontinuous Fields of Plastic Strains." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 20, no. 2 (2015): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2015-0028.

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Abstract The generalized strain scheme in bending metal tubes at bending machines with the use of a mandrel presented in Śloderbach (1999; 2002; 20131,2; 2014) satisfies initial and boundary kinematic conditions of bending, conditions of continuity and inseparability of strains. This paper introduces three formal simplifications gradually imposed into forms of principal components of the generalized strain model giving suitable simplifications of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd types. Such mathematical simplifications cause that the obtained strain fields do not satisfy the condition of consistency of displacements and strain continuity. The simplified methods determine safer values of the wall thickness than those from the generalized continuous strain scheme. The condition of plastic incompressibility was used for the derivation of an expression for distribution of wall thickness of the bent elbow in the layers subjected to tension and compression for three examples of discontinuous kinematic strain fields.

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Savicevic, S., and S. Zekovic. "Analysis of machine elements in shape of helicoidal shell on cylindrical shell." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 6 (2007): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406jmes481.

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A procedure for the automated determination of the geometric parameters of a helicoidal shell on a cylindrical one that is applied to machines for special purposes is presented in this paper. A differential equation for the bending of a helicoidal shell subjected to a uniform pressure and a differential equation for the cylindrical shell loaded by a uniformly distributed moment along the helix are used to define the boundary conditions along the cross-section of these shells. The finite difference method is used to solve the differential equation for the bending of a helicoidal shell in MATLAB software. The values of the shell thickness are determined for different parameters using a strength criterion. Different models of the helicoidal shell are analysed.

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Zalavin, Ya E., V. G. Il’ichevf, and P. P. Titarenko. "Application of photogrammetry methods for study and adjustment of the counter-bending system of the top roll of three-roll plate bending machines." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 12 (2019): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-12-1378-1384.

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Živčák, Jozef, Martin Petrík, Radovan Hudák, Teodor Tóth, Dusan Knezo, and Eva Kovalova. "Embedded Tensile Strenght Test Machine FM1000 – An Upgrade of Measurement and Control." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.657.

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In order to compare the strengths of various materials it is necessary to carry out a standard form of test to establish their relative properties. The tensile test, compression test, bending, shearing and torsion tests are used for examining mechanical properties of biological materials. Except for non-destructive methods (optical, electromagnetic, sonic, thermal, infrared), destructive testing is another very important tool for the assessment of biomechanical properties and behavior of biomedical materials. The tensile strength test is one of the most common testing methods, which uses specific testing machines. Many tensile testing machines are equipped to plot a curve which shows the load or stress and the strain or movement that occurs during the test operation. In the testing operation, the load is increased gradually and the specimen will stretch or elongate in proportion to the tensile load. The load cells and extensometers measure the key parameters of force and deformation. The presented paper is a report which describes a specific and unique technical solution and upgrade of FM 1000 machine from the control and output processing point of view. Modern sensoric systems and I/O modules were used and custom software was developed. The fu

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Saenkhum, Nattapon, and Tassanai Sanponpute. "The improvement of an elastic hinge-type torque standard machine in NIMT." ACTA IMEKO 8, no. 3 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v8i3.668.

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The National Institute of Metrology of Thailand’s (NIMT) strain-controlled elastic hinge-type torque standard machine was designed to cover a measuring range of 1 N·m to 1 kN·m. The elastic hinge was used both at the fulcrum and the hanger of the lever arms. The designed elastic hinge’s thickness, 0.50 mm, caused a higher stiffness than a sheet metal plate of other types of torque machines. The bending moment of all elastic hinges affected the sum of the torque signal on the lever arm that was used to observe the balancing of the lever. The residual torque sensitivity, which was no better than 0.20 mN·m, significantly affected the uncertainty of the low-range torque realisation.The calibration and measurement capabilities of the machine were 0.010 % (k = 2) in the measurement range of 10 N·m to 1 kN·m and 0.030 % (k = 2) in the measurement range of 1 N·m to 10 N·m. In the transducer calibration, the influence of the random bending moment of the elastic hinge affected the repeatability, reproducibility, and linearity of the low torque measurements. The cause of the bending moment of the elastic hinges was a result of the deviation of the centre of gravity (CG) of the weight on the pan from the reference line. To improve CMCs, separate signal calibrations were selected for this experiment i.e. the left hinge, the right hinge, and the fulcrum. The torque in each signal calibration was combined by software and was used to correct the calibration value of the torque.

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Gürbüz, Riza. "Experimental Measurement of Maximum Bending Stress on Rectangular Aluminum Beam." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.413.

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In this study, maximum bending stresses occurring on the rectangular aluminum beam under various small loads were measured with strain gauge, data acquisition cards and computer. Special software was developed to measure maximum strain and stress on the aluminum beam. Stress values occurring on the aluminum beam under various small loads were measured with strain gauge and those strain values were transmitted to computer directly with data cards. Using the strain, the load and other constant values of the material (Young’s modulus, dimensions, cross section area, load, Poisson’s rate, etc.), the stress values occurring on the beam are calculated and the stress-strain graph is drawn on the screen automatically. In this experimental study, the theoretical knowledge given in the books and experiment results obtained under laboratory conditions were compared with each other. The obtained results were almost 99% similar. Similar studies have characteristics that can be used to measure maximum bending and torsion stresses for real applications in the industry and mobile loading machines.

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Campos, Jaime, Pankaj Sharma, Michele Albano, Luis Lino Ferreira, and Martin Larrañaga. "An Open Source Framework Approach to Support Condition Monitoring and Maintenance." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186360.

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This paper discusses the integration of emergent ICTs, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), the Arrowhead Framework, and the best practices from the area of condition monitoring and maintenance. These technologies are applied, for instance, for roller element bearing fault diagnostics and analysis by simulating faults. The authors first undertook the leading industry standards for condition-based maintenance (CBM), i.e., open system architecture–condition-based maintenance (OSA–CBM) and Machinery Information Management Open System Alliance (MIMOSA), which has been working towards standardizing the integration and interchangeability between systems. In addition, this paper highlights the predictive health monitoring methods that are needed for an effective CBM approach. The monitoring of industrial machines is discussed as well as the necessary details are provided regarding a demonstrator built on a metal sheet bending machine of the Greenbender family. Lastly, the authors discuss the benefits of the integration of the developed prototypes into a service-oriented platform, namely the Arrowhead Framework, which can be instrumental for the remotization of maintenance activities, such as the analysis of various equipment that are geographically distributed, to push forward the grand vision of the servitization of predictive health monitoring methods for large-scale interoperability.

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Shen, Y., and M. E. Springer. "A Robust Pretravel Model for Touch Trigger Probes in Coordinate Metrology." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 3 (1998): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830156.

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This paper describes a pretravel model for vertically-oriented touch trigger probes with straight styli widely used on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Advances in machine accuracy and tighter part tolerances leave probe error as one of the major error sources in dimensional measurement processes. Pretravel accounts for the majority of touch trigger probe errors and is caused by bending deflection of the probe stylus shaft. A trigger force model was first derived and used to model the probing force at the trigger instant. Experimental probing force data were used to validate the trigger force model. The trigger force model was then used to model the bending deflection of the stylus shaft at the trigger instant. Experimental x-y-z coordinate data were used to validate the pretravel model. It is shown that 24 points of equatorial data measured in the probe calibration process can be used to accurately identify the only model parameter. Also, 12 points of equatorial data provides reasonably good results. Model predicted pretravels associated with 1561 probe approach directions were compared with experimental pretravels (range: 16 μm, when using a 50 mm stylus) and the standard deviation of prediction errors can be reduced to around 0.6 μm.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bending machines'

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