Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bénédictins – Coutumes et pratiques'
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Bully, Aurélia. "Entre réformes et mutations : la vie spirituelle et matérielle de l'abbaye de Saint-Oyend-de-Joux (Saint-Claude) de la fin du XIVe siècle au début du XVIe siècle." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1033.
Full textIn the late 14th Century, the abbey of Saint-Claude, still called Saint-Oyend-de-Joux in the Middle-Ages, entered a period of great transformations. These affected, in particular, the organisation of the monastic community and buildings (which underwent major overhauls), and the status of Saint-Claude’s ecclesiastical estate. Internal problems at the abbey led to the intervention of Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy who denounced the situation to Pope Nicholas V. A reform was subsequently implemented in 1448 and then in 1462, despite more or less reluctance on the part of the monks. The reform strongly condemned the lack of obedience to the Benedictine rules, which was more a sign of the slow secularisation of the monastic way of life, experienced by many monastic establishments at this time, than a true sign of decadence. The example of Saint-Claude enables us to call into question the whole reality of the decline of the religious orders in the late Middle-Ages. Because this reform, even if it indicted the excesses of the Saint-Claudian monks, intervened in a context in which the consequences of the Great Schism, the reform of the religious orders and the influence of the powers, play a major role. The 15th Century is therefore a pivotal era for this abbey founded in 435, which was forced to face up to its failings, to resolve its weaknesses and to re-think the view it held of itself. The ray of light that was the pilgrimage to Saint Claude in the late 15th Century was evidence of its ability to lift itself up after a difficult period in its history
Kahn, Elie. "Droit rabbinique et nature humaine." Paris, INALCO, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INAL0017.
Full textBekkar, Rabia. "Espaces et pratiques des femmes à Tlemcen : un cas de développement séparé?" Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100089.
Full textThis research is coming from a survey on the women of tlemcen using questionnaire and non-directive interviews. First are presented the spacial context, especially the historical specifities and the situation of women in Algeria. The analysis begins on the provate domain with explaination of the different places by using the concepts of urban anthropology. Gender difference is higher in the city than in rural country. The patterns of sociability are more conservative and controlled according to the age and the matrimonial position. Then, the public spaces of the city, which an maled dominated are investigated. Woman can leave easily their house to visit their relatives or to go the doctor but they must negociate to go to school or to a working place. In a changing society, the public spaces are supporting a social conflict. The sexual division is reproduced in spite or the regular mixity. The anology with the theories of separate development is confirmed: if women are using strategies to widen their space, the gender segregation is increasing
Alaoui, Narjys El. "Rituels et matières oblatoires au Maroc : les Idaw Martini de l'Anti-Atlas." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0052.
Full textKhalil, Jamal. "Harmoniques religieuses et traditions culturelles : (étude de la réinterprétation des modèles culturels et religieux d'un groupe de personnes du village de Timiderte (Maroc) à la suite de leurs migrations multiples)." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12016.
Full textThe research carried out in different fields of inquiries, relates to aberberoarabic tribe from the south of moroco which went through two waves of migration. The first one went from the village of their origin to the big morocan cities -casablanca is the most attractive-, the second one goes from the morocan cities to the villages and cities in france. Some of the migrants went directly from their village of their origin to france. The aim of this research consists of analysing the geographical dissolution of the tribe, measuring the cultural and religious changes of those who emigrated from the village ; and the shock for those who remained, and this through in islams land religion and culture are hightly bound. The research is carried out on two levels : - a study of models inside the muslim religion - a study in the field about the lived and practised sense of these models as well about time (history), than about space (muslim land, non-muslim land)
Zame, Avezo'o Léa. "Esika et pratiques rituelles chez les Mahongwè du Gabon." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0020.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the mythical narrative text genre 'esika' and actual ritual practices for the ethnic group Mahongwe of Gabon. The study will proceed along two lines ; the first involves research into the ways that ritual practices are represented in texts ; the second involves looking at the various filled by this particular genre of narrative texts. The work is based on a corpus of 114 narrative texts of which 12 are selected for detailed presentation and analysis. The first section provides an overview Mahongwe society and ritual practice. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the oral narrative genre esika in traditional Mahongwe culture. The second section clarifies the structural characteristics of this genre of oral literature and lays out the methodological assumptions and principles that will be employed in the textual analyses. Following an essentially ethnolinguistic approach, the 12 textual analyses together show that the esika stories systematically evoke values and symbols which are drawn from cultural rites. The synthesis of these analyses provides an inventory of ritual practices and reveals two primary modes of ritual representation in the stories. The first is symbolic representation proceeding by analogy and the second is direct representation involving imitation. In the course of the study, it becomes clear that the esika stories have a primary function of facilitating the interpretation of Mahongwe ritual practices either in a social or metaphysical sense. Today, under pressure from social change, the esika stories tend to play a role of substituting for the rites themselves, to be an instrument of identity construction, and to become the place where society elaborates its value system
Azimi-Meibodi, Rozita. "Étude contrastive de quelques pratiques communicatives iraniennes et françaises : analyse d'un corpus de conversations téléphoniques et radiodiffusées en Iran et en France." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21015.
Full textThis study, which is based on a corpus of telephone conversations and radio interviews in French and Farsi, sets out to describe, analyses and contrast a number of French and Iranian communicative practices in their sociocultural contexts and, in particular, to examine certain functions of the verbal component in interactive discourse. In order to take into account a range of cognitive, social, cultural and linguistic phenomena, various theoretical and methodological approaches are adopted and illustrated in volume 1, including ethnolinguistics, conversation analysis and discourse analysis and the ethnography of communication. As well as communicative acts and practices, topics dealt with include pragmatic failure and the address system. In volume 2, classes of functions are established and systematically contrasted within and between the two languages in question. The study shows how the sociocultural context and speakers' intentions and background knowledge determine different aspects of the speech event, including communicative acts and strategies, and fully confirms hymes's hypothesis that communication requires more than purely grammatical competence
Fortier, Agnès. "Un Jardin en forêt : étude des pratiques de chasse, cueillette, affouage, tenderie aux grives dans une commune forestière de l'Ardenne." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0055.
Full textForte, Jung Ran. "Chevauchés par les dieux : Initiations des Occidentaux aux cultes Vodun béninois : pratiques culturelles et trajectoires identitaires." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0282.
Full textThis thesis examines the transformations experienced by the Vodun religion in the last decade, taking as a starting point the analysis of a singular phenomenon: the inclusion of Westerns in Beninese circuits of religious practice. Examining the initiatory paths of Europeans in Benin, the study addresses broader questions on the reproduction and change of a religious system. While identifying a peculiar dynamic of reproduction of such cults and drawing the major features and configurations of contemporary Vodun, the thesis questions how the religious experience is constructed, both individually and collectively. Describing spiritual journeys of Westerns who initiate themselves to the cults, this work shows how new cultural products and innovative subjectivities are fabricated in encounters of “foreigners” with Vodun worlds. The case of Westerns initiation rituals questions directly the “globalization of religious experience” and how new cultural identity are formed in such contexts
Ababou, Mohamed. "Changement et socialisation : enquête sur les pratiques religieuses des étudiants maghrébins en France ( le cas de l'Ile de France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10005.
Full textThis study was dedicated to the impact of socialization and acculturation on the religious practices of north africain students in paris and the paris region. The central hypothesis of the research is that the more the subjects have contac t with french society, the weaker their integration into islam. On the other hand, the closer they are to this society, the more they adhere to the religious values of their own countries. If the results of these investigations have largely confirmed the previous statement, it is necessary, never theless, to point out that connection between change in religious behavior and level of sociability is not mecanichal. En effect, it necessary to distinguish certain beliefs and religious practices of a communal and normative type, that are resitant to acculturative situations, from other beliefs and practices of a peripheral and individual type, that are, by constast, more prediposed to change. To this, it is necessary to add that beliefs are more resistant than religious practices. But globally in an acculturative situation, weak religious practices are linked to a weak beliefs and vice versa. In the same way that exis t a correlation between the level of beliefs and vice versa. In the same way that exist a correlation between the level of belief and the level of religious practice, a firm connection appears between subjective identity (the feeling of belonging) of the subjects and their objective identity and religious practices). One must state, in addition, that subjective identity is also influenced by the ambient milieu; this identity sometimes takes defensive or rational postures when faced with the stigmatisation of islam in france
Annerose, Claudie. "Traces d'hier dans les pratiques sociales d'aujourd'hui en Guadeloupe et à Trinidad et Tobago." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH040.
Full textThis thesis assumes that traces of the past, worn by everyone, inhabit the everyday, as a sort of unsuspected collective memory. In order to understand what is happening beyond appearances, it analyzes the characteristics of the transmission of a few social practices such as those related to death, religion, folk medicine, gwoka, calypso and storytelling. From today experiences, one discovers the various contributions, the dynamics, the interactions, the ambivalences, as well as all that had been implemented to "poach" expressions, to create spaces of freedom and start to transcend a painful reality. It turns out, however, that these traces are not just remnants. They are rather a complex and moving fabric woven by perceptions, emotions as well as truthful facts. These traces, which are those of yesterday and today intermingled, are constantly reactivated by those who receive them, carry them and transmit them in their turn
Subtil, Teresa. "Double regard sur les mémoires et les pratiques alimentaires à Arez (Nordeste de l'Alto Alentejo) et à Lannéanou (Nord du Finistère) : manques, âges d'or, aisances et abondances." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0096.
Full textThe Portuguese village of Arez, in the northeast of Alto Alentejo (362 inhabitants in 2001) and the French village of Lannéanou, in the northern of Finistère (363 inhabitants in 2004) are the center of this thesis. The ethnographic study was conducted on these two sites. This survey has collected stories about food memories and observed intensively the current culinary practices, taking into account the differences between daily practices and the regular but more exceptional festive practices. This survey was conducted among men and women representing three generations. The investigation into the memories of food allowed us to reach a contradictory and complementary position: The construction and the temptation of a golden age which means the most socialistic memories of each interviewed. A sort of reluctance to assume in the present the food shortages of the past emerges. This part of the investigation has also underlined a strong desire to be recognized as the old generation which is often forgotten. The synchronic investigation has shed light on indigenous conceptions of modernity in which abundance becomes a central value and individual tastes affirm themselves. On this point the parallelism between both sites leads to talk of a European developpement rather than regional or national evolution. In both villages, the feelings about food shortages and abundances emerge as a criteria of acknowledgement of individual tastes (inherited, processed, approved and transmitted) of each fellow diner
Arez, aldeia portuguesa do Nordeste do Alto Alentejo (362 habitantes em 2001), Lannéanou, aldeia francesa do norte do Finistère (363 habitantes en 2004) estão no centro da investigação etnográfica multisítio que deu forma a esta tese. Este trabalho permitiu recolher narrativas sobre memórias alimentares e observar de forma intensiva as práticas alimentares actuais, tendo em linha de conta as diferenças entre práticas quotidianas e práticas festivas, assíduas, com maior ou menor excepcionalidade. Foi uma investigação que beneficiou da contribuição de homens e mulheres de três gerações. A análise das memórias alimentares actualizou e colocou à prova um posicionamento contraditório e complementar: a construção e a tentação de uma época áurea de vida que entronca na socialização e nas vivências mais intensas de cada um. Ao mesmo tempo, pôs em evidência uma certa dificuldade em falar das carências alimentares do passado relativamente à abundância do presente. Para este segundo aspecto, a geração mais velha manifestou a vontade de se fazer reconhecer como geração mais experiente e, por vezes, esquecida. A sincronia da investigação permitiu dar luz às concepções indígenas de modernidade e abundância que se tornaram elementos centrais na afirmação dos gostos alimentares individuais, ao longo deste trabalho. Por esta via, o paralelismo estabelecido entre os dois terrenos conduziu à necessidade de falar em transformação alimentar europeia e não apenas em evolução regional ou nacional. Foi no seio destas duas aldeias, que surgiram sensações e julgamentos em torno das carências e abundâncias alimentares que se actualizam, afirmando-se como meio de reconhecimento dos gostos individuais (herdados, transformados, adoptados e transmitidos) por cada comensal
Agbemadon, Koffi Agbéti. "Effets des pratiques rituelles de sortie de prison sur les anciens detenus au Togo : comparaison avec les pratiques utilisees en France à la sortie de prison." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/165845732#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textTaking care of retiring of prison and their social rehabilitation is a preoccupation of all societies. In fact the return from prison, no matter the lasting of the penalty, is a period that is difficult for the prisoner to live. The person that is release without neither preparation nor accompaniment, risks finding itself once again in a baneful family or social environment, nay criminative situation, when he would need support to readapt himself to a free life. To assume this function of the rehabilitation of the prisoner, every society tries to set a social rehabilitation program by which, dimension and means, differ from on society to another. In France, the length of prisoner of release is strongly institutionalised and engages administrative obligations. Once release, the prisoner must undertake administrative steps that will allow him benefit from social holding programs or medical holding programs. In Togo, once release, the prisoner must return to his village of origin where he must undertake traditional cultural rituals. Those rituals of leaving prison in Togo are real communal healing process that offering opportunities of psychological and social reconstitution to the returnees from jail. By it collective adhesion, those rituals are real healing program that, not only allow to take care of prisoners of release and not only reintegrates them socially, but also works to re-establish the family ties that underlie the existence of every prisoner in his community
Live, Yu-Sion. "La diaspora chinoise en France : immigration, activités socio-économiques, pratiques socio-culturelle." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0027.
Full textDemossier, Marion. "Le cru, la cuvée, le vigneron et le village : la transmission des pratiques et savoir-faire en côte bourguignonne." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0029.
Full textThe aim of this thesis si the study of the transmission of knowledge ans practises amongst the wine producers in the cote d'or (burgundy). After presenting the geographical and human structure of my fieldwork, i remind the history of the area. The work of viticulture has imposed itself as the principal activity in the region for many centuries. As a result of the phylloxerie epidemia and the severe economic crises of the 1930. The "vigneron" make now their own wine and are responsable for the commercialisation themselves. The third chapter presents four cases of young "vignerons" and study the transmission of land, the history of the family, the development as wine-growers and finally examine their place in the community. Then, by an ethnography, i describe the two most important operations in these exploitations : the cultivation of vine and the vinification process. The practises of these "vignerons" demonstrate how they mixe tradition and modernity by acting on the "cru" (parcel of the vineyard) and on the "cuvee" (vessel to make the wine) in so many different ways. The transmission of knowledge and skill follows two different routes. The first shows the transmission through the lineage which means by tradition. Otherwise, the transmission is made by the new oenological competence the "vigneron" can acquire. These skills become a sign of his quality as a wine-maker, which come a part of his new statut in the professional community. In relation to that, the last part of the research is concentrated upon the mecanism of integration and definitioin of the individual in the village by examining the traditional wine festival : la saint vincent tournante
Balvet, Delphine. "La consommation de productions locales en Bresse de l'Ain : pratiques et représentations alimentaires." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/balvet_d.
Full textThe present work takes part in a study concerning the consumption of local agricultural products and foodstuffs in a context of strong valorisation and fancy for these products in France. It proposes to better understand the status granted to this food by the "consumers-connoisseurs" taking the consumers from Bresse (Ain - Rhône-Alpes) as a Aradne's thread. This doctoral thesis tries to show how the attention of the consumer towards what he's eating is all the more sustained and the food all the more appreciable since the mental and physical proximity with the product and its production system is great. Therefore, the ethnographic approach underlines that consuming this sort of foodstuffs needs a certain number of knowledges and know-hows, in term of way of consumption and in cooking or product's identification. This knowledges give sense to the act of incorporation. It will deal with the practices and representation regarding these foodstuffs, by setting them within the whole local food system by favouring their dynamic aspects. The local production can be sometimes exteriorised: the processes of exhibition suppose some selection processes which create a gap between private food and public food, between "saying" and "doing". But in the Bresse area, those processes scarcely take the shape of heritage creation process
Garabuau-Moussaoui, Isabelle. "La cuisine des jeunes : pratiques et représentations culinaires comme révélateurs de l'étape de vie de la jeunesse." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H057.
Full textGauthier, Josée. "Évolution des pratiques coutumières entourant la naissance au Saguenay et dans Charlevoix (1900-1950) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textNajar, Sihem. "Pratiques alimentaires des Jerbiens : une étude socio-anthropologique." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H056.
Full textKim, Jun Youn. "Les pratiques de l'adoption et la famille en Corée du XVème au XXème siècle : une approche institutionnelle et sociologique." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070086.
Full textThis study examines the practices of adoption through a historical and socio-cultural approach from the antiquity, to the Three Kingdoms' era, to the Joseon dynasty and to modernity in South Korea. The aim of this research is to analyze the evolution in time of this social practice, which will lead us to consider various forms of adoption. The practice of adoption is known to be diverse in different countries and cultures, which shows that it evolves according to the social environment, family and culture and ethic in each time and space concerned. Our study will show that adoption is based on the concept of family, itself a cornerstone of the social System: the two concepts have been closely linked to each other during the two thousand years of history and cultural evolution of the Korean society
Sacre, Ziad. "Le rite de la lampe et l'onction des malades dans l'Eglise maronite : traduction et étude historique, liturgique et théologico-spirituelle." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040148.
Full textThe subjest of our thesis is "the rite of the lamp and the unction of the sick in the Maronite church", since it is for the sick that in the middle ages our church as well as all the other eastern churches have introduced a long liturgical rite with seven stations. Our purpose is to study the documents in which this rite is described, to present the most ancient, to translate the oldest of them all from the Syriac into the French, and to analyse their liturgical and theological contents. Our thesis includes: - a historical survey first of the various elements which over the years have contributed to the making of the liturgy of the rite of the lamp in the middle ages ; then of the successive stages of the development of the rite of the lamp in the Maronite church. - a second section in which we study the various liturgical texts of the rite of the lamp. This section first describes the existing manuscript and printed versions; next, it reproduces the full text of the most ancient Syriac manuscripts, dated 1577, in our translation from the Syriac into the French ; it then compares this text to the other manuscript and printed texts. - a third section which consists of a liturgical study of the rite of the lamp, we first examine its structure, next comes a liturgical analysis of each of its parts, which allows us to trace the original pattern of the rite of the lamp, last comes an analysis of the rubrics, meanwhile we try and answer a few liturgical questions, which it seems to us particularly urgent to answer now. - a fourth section which consists in a thelogico-spiritual study of the rite of the lamp, in which we attempt to bring together the various theological and spiritual data encountered in the basic text
Scheid-Tissinier, Évelyne. "Étude sur le vocabulaire et les pratiques du don et de l'échange chez Homère." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040093.
Full textThe purpose of this book is to analyse the vocabulary of gift and countergift as documented in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. These exchanges don't exclude the existence of trade relations, but they are complementary to them and don't underly the same necessity. The gifts presented on weddings, on establishing hospitality relations or on managing reconciliations, form or reform alliances, and the objects circulating to that purpose never lose the memory of the exchange ceremony. The obligation to be generous brings the donor power and influence, by forcing the receiver to admit the incurred debt. So gifts produce obligations. The warrior chiefs also conceive their position in the society in terms of reciprocal exchanges : their courage and their brave fighting for the community justify the privilege and benefits given by the community
Joshi, Sarasvati. "Les pratiques religieuses des femmes hindoues du Rajasthan." Paris, INALCO, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAL0003.
Full textThis thesis, devoted to the religious practices of the Hindu women of Rajasthan, relates to the religious observances, festivals, and fasts of these women. These practices are associated with the desire to achiee specific goals by obtaining the favour of gods and goddesses. This work comprises of four parts : 1) sources of information and various elements common to each festival, 2) stories of divinities like Ganesh, Sun, Vaspat, Patvari and Tulsi, 3) classification of festivals (with the rites of the worship, holy diagrams, prayers, songs, stories, and ceremonies of enclosure) especially celebrated to ensure the nine kinds of happiness of this world, and 4) study and analysis of various elements of these practices which are for women a true source of inspiration and energy or shakti. They constitute a school for their formation, and play a very important role in a woman's entire existence
Bastien, Sarah. "La dynamique modale de la cuisine domestique quotidienne : discours, pratiques et représentations." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH011.
Full textThis dissertation discusses the culinary act in its plurality. Indeed, in quantitative research on daily cooking, the individual who operates the act is often observed from a categorical form, and through essentialist typologies. The thesis we defend maintains that the daily culinary act has a modal dynamic, a plurality of ways of doing, responding in spite of everything to a unifying principle, which ensures the coherent construction of the sense of cooking.This dissertation analyzes daily culinary acts in a multidisciplinary perspective delimited by the Communication and Information Sciences so as to apprehend it as a whole. The objective of this research is to capture the modal construction of the meaning of everyday cooking by observing the circulation of discourses and representations between mesospheric (media circulation of discourses), microspheric (social interactions, digital communities and culinary equipment) and autospheric (culinary preferences, skills, culinary repertoire, daily cook's practices) levels.In particular, the thesis focuses on daily cooking and more specifically on the experiential sequence that an individual goes through in order to perform his acts in four main stages: the prefiguration of the cooking act (preparatory steps and consultations of culinary contents), the configuration (evaluation of the gap between projections and real frame), figuration (implementation) and reconfiguration (consumer experience with relatives return). The experiential sequence is neither mechanical nor linear, and bifurcations occur through modalities that appear to be crucial to capture the daily culinary act and give it various forms.Capturing dynamics is a real methodological challenge and to this end, the ‘traces’ of the meso, micro and auto spheres have made it possible to build a robust methodology with a triangulation of data. The analysis of culinary mesosphere ‘traces’ relies on two corpora: Google News (122 articles) and Amazon (63 best-selling culinary books). The microsphere is studied from netnography methods on Marmiton and Facebook (611 posts analyzed). The dissertation then shows how the mesosphere and the microsphere are received, appropriated and put back into circulation by the daily life cooks both in their discourses and in their practices. 40 households have been followed by think aloud method from the prefiguration to reconfiguration on 4 dinners of the week. This autospheric research, in our ladder game, is supplemented by the analysis of the culinary repertoire with a sorting task of 15 raw foods.This dissertation represents a paradigm shift in the consideration of culinary acts. Thus, for cooks of the everyday life, the culinary act is not reducible to a standard form as it appear in the essentialist approaches, but opens to several dynamics forms, through the plural modes engaged in the experiential sequence, from the prefiguration to the reconfiguration : situational modalities, decisional, temporal, spatial and relational. Such modal dynamic of daily life needs to be placed in a broader time frame where the culinary trajectory of the cook is built. Are mobilized, his/her representations, his/her imagination, his/her relationship to cooking, his/her culinary repertoire, his/her skills, his/her values and, ultimately, a real form of life, with its figural consistency between all these registers
Tessier, Sophie. "Alimentation méditerranéenne, insularité et développement : les pratiques alimentaires en Sardaigne et à Malte." Montpellier 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007599.
Full textThe aim of this study was to observe and compare the food habits determinants of both Sardinia and Malta in terms of temporal evolution and spatial distribution which can be indicators of inequalities in development. This study showed contrasting evolution in food behaviours between both insular societies, as well as within each society. The sardo-mediterranean model has begun to decline, however, the foundations of the ancient Mediterranean food style remain tangible. Just because the Mediterranean model is evolving under the impact of modernization does not mean that it is disappearing. On the other hand, in Malta, the evolution of food habits has been more brutal. Modernity has led to a shift from a state of food shortage to one of affluence. In addition to that, this process has happened in a cultural context where identity is no longer Mediterranean, but Anglo-Saxon
Galli, Marika. "La réception des produits alimentaires du Nouveau Monde dans les écrits italiens et français du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle : pratiques et représentations." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1017.
Full textIn view of its broad implications and the major changes it generated, in the long term the discovery of America involved a revolution in food consumption habits which deeply reshaped European cooking practices. The present dissertation is a study of the integration process of some of the plants originating from the New World which had a significant impact on European eating habits and more specifically on the Italian and French ones. The geographic setting and framework of our research project embraces Italy and France. Our analysis covers the early modern age, albeit within a very flexible chronological framework. The adoption of a foreign product is always going to be affected by several interwoven, overlapping and mutually confusing environmental, symbolic and psychological factors. The corpus of our sources consists of three large general categories – travel literature, scientific literature and cookery literature – in addition to other writings with a more literary inspiration. We study the history of e selected range of vegetable products standing out for their particularly significant integration process : we focus on pepper and chocolate. Then, we consider the case of maize, potato, tomato and pineapple, in order to identify the general trends of theirs integration process
Baeza, R. Manuel Antonio. "Les mentalités, les croyances religieuses, les pratiques sociales : sociologie de la culture populaire urbaine Valparaiso-Chili (1973-1988)." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030138.
Full textTo believe is not an isolated mental phenomenon concerning, in the case of religious beliefs, only that innermost universe which is the spirituality of one person alone. Under consideration is a singular acitvity involving more or less directly individuals and groups in the global set-up of consciousness and, therefore, inspiring actions in society. Thus numerous beliefs may become responsible for suggesting axes for social endeavours in various degrees and, above all, with the greatest variety of meaning. In this respect, two key-concepts are resorted to : inner-worldliness and outer-worldliness. It is in this sense that religious beliefs, considered as mind-set features, interest sociology, starting from a revision of the concept of consciousness in which are indiscriminately integrated, values, cognitive experiences, feelings, processes of reason proper. In the geographical context of latin america, this research approaches the popular urban religious culture in chile during the period 1973-1988 (under military rule). Sevral cultural models are empirically tested in two neighhourhoods of valparaiso (cerro cordillera and cerro alegre). It appears that one of the models, termed critical, is more favourable to democracy
Guillaume-Pey, Cécile. "Du sang à l'écriture : les pratiques rituelles des Sora (une tribu du centre-est de l'Inde)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0454.
Full textThis Ph. D deals with religious practices of the Soras, a tribal group from the centre-east of India who speak an Austro-asiatic language. The fieldwork for this study took place mainly among the Soras from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, who have not been throuroughly studied comparatively to those from Orissa. The Soars, who differ from other local groups according to their language, are not entirely isolated from caste society. Concerning their rituals, we observed several specific traits but also many points of encounter whit Hinduism, to which many asserted their belonging. In fact, the dialectic of loan and rejection takes different forms for the same group. Indeed, among the Soras from the villages studied, three religious affiliations coexist. Some villagers claim to be Hindu or Christian. Others have their own religion - called "Matharvanam" - and oppose their religious practices to those of their caste neighbours as well as those of other Soras. They worship a script invented in the 1930's used to transcribe the Sora language. This study aims to analyzea complex religious landscape, where ritual practices are far from being homogeneous, taking into account religious affiliation assertions, which sometimes do not correspond to the actual ritual practices
Desprez, Anne-Valérie. "Pratiques symboliques et savoirs techniques : pour une construction de la nature chez les Indiens Montagnais." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20071.
Full textAnimals, apprehended in their environment, lead the men to consider their relationship with Nature through behaviors, manners and attitudes of these animals, thus returning their perception and their sense of esthetics, to valorizations of an ethical nature and fascinations of an imaginary nature. This type of thought and the social organization which results from this, characterizes the life of the Montagnais Indians of Quebec. A coexistence of long date wove links between them and nature, allowing these men, by the systematization of prehensible data, to set up a group in its tradition and its memory. The evolution of the representations of the report/ratio between Nature and Montagnais is presented according to two directions. The first one approaches the relation man-nature from a symbolic system point of view, starting from statements, practices and rituals related to the acts of hunting and fishing. It tries to explain how was structured the Indian thought in the historical context of a nomad autarkical society, and how it evolved/moved under the weight of colonization, of christianization and finally, of sedentarisation. The second direction considers the study of the representations of the Nature from an ecological point of view, thus underlining the installation of vital relationships. Indeed, Montagnais, from their geographical insulation and the ± hostile α nature of their environment, had from early days, to manage their relation with fauna and flora, the main elements, guarantors of their survival. Today, at the time of an ± exotic α tourism and the great return of ecology, the relation between the man and Nature call upon different feelings, from a systematic exploitation without any limit of the faunal reserves, to a frienzed defense with other territories. In spite of the assertion of a strong indigenous identity, and that since the beginning of the Seventies, the image that are made the Westerners of the Indian society hardly evolves/moves, being generally summarized from two contrasted points of view opposing the tradition to the tansition, the immobility with the movement. This search aims to put into relief the attempt of the explanation of the systems of representation of Nature, specific to the Montagnais Indians, his sociogenesis, and the attempt at comprehension of the evolution of mentalities, divided between present and past
Wolf, Judith. "Des corps morts à l'hôpital : transformations des pratiques professionnelles et enjeux anthropologiques." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0422.
Full textThis dissertation studies the management of the dead in hospitals. By observing work practices in morgues, I intend to question how the hospital - and society - deals with the dead and their close ones. In the first part, which is based on ethnographic observation, I describe the itinerary of bodies and I show that they follow a sort of work chain, moving from one group of specialists to another. In the second part, I explore more specifically what workers in the morgue do and put their work in historical perspective. Their role became crucial towards the end of the 18th century when pathological anatomy became a science, and made post-mortem examination essential to medical research. Over the course of the 20th century, their role changed as death started to occur mostly in hospitals, and post-mortem examinations became less frequent. Changes in the role of morgue workers reflect the evolution and the place of the dead body in hospital medicine. The third part of this dissertation examines the role of public policies. I analyse how the social transformations of death - namely the transfer of death to hospital, the increase of human life- span and the legal and medical redefinitions of death - have been understood, and have hardly been politicized as such. Finally, I explore the ethical problems raised by the medical uses of the dead body by studying how the law has dealt with these questions
Maurice, Albert-Marie. "Croyances et pratiques religieuses des Montagnards du Centre-Vietnam." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA048.
Full textZinck, Marie-Hélène Monique. "La permanence du confucianisme dans la famille vietnamienne : une recherche à la lumière de l'histoire du droit." Strasbourg 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30008.
Full textDynamic three-parted study on the vietnamese family law, as influenced by Confucianism. 1. The family's stable composition, its hierarchy, the rights and duties of its members as well as its social founding role are demonstrated through a metaphysical origin, expressed in Yi-King which gave birth to Confucianism. Filial devotion, public and private rituals had been imposed. Confucius modelled the public order on that of the family. 2. From the XIth cent. Onward, the vietnamese kings promulgated the civil and criminal laws, among which the laws on matrimony and on the family, that had been directly inspired from the confucian rituals and important customary sources. 3. When the french revised the law earlier XXth cent. , it signed the first yet irreversible shattering of confucianism. The socialist laws weakened it further, while improving the women's and children's situation. Now, the impoverished State try and call to the old good family customs so as to be exempted from any duty
Lapointe, Marie-Claude. "Étude communicationnelle des pratiques culturelles au Québec : analyses des enquêtes ministérielles (1979-2009) : facteurs et prédicteurs, générations et cycles de vie, et découpages territoriaux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26915.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the cultural practices of the Québécois, more specifically, to begin with, on its influencing factors. It then looks at comparisons between individuals based on generations and life history. To conclude, it examines territorial and regional division in terms of cultural practices and issues related to territory. All the findings come from surveys on cultural practices in Quebec conducted every five years since 1979 by departments of cultural affairs. The two main theoretical references are Bourdieu's theory of legitimacy and Peterson's omnivore thesis. In the opening section, the thesis explores whether Internet use is connected to cultural openness or isolation. The findings demonstrate that age, education and the use of the Internet for cultural purposes are strong predictors of visits to cultural venues and outings to shows. The models that include Internet use and sociodemographic variables are more efficient than those focusing solely on the latter. In the second part, the study's quasi-cohorts were compared to see if their cultural behaviours changed according to life history and whether their cultural path varied over time. In conclusion, the diversification of the quasi-cohorts' practices was examined to estimate whether or not they became more omnivorous with time and from one quasi-cohort to another. The explanatory model displays the differences in cultural paths based on life history, and over time. It also brings to light the differences from one generation to another, as well as the differences between generations sharing the same life history. These results, unlike Peterson's (2004), do not conclusively show that older quasi-cohorts are more omnivorous than before nor that young people are more omnivorous than their elders. The objective of the third section of this work was to see whether Quebec's administrative regions, when studied from the angle of cultural practices, are divided according to the classification of regional cultural spaces developed by Harvey and Fortin (1995) based on cultural offering. The findings show that groupings do not always fall within the classification and that practices are very heterogeneous, which makes establishing consistency within the groupings difficult. Therefore, when comparing the territories, it seems appropriate to account for the object (e.g., cultural offering or practice), the territorial scale (e.g., municipal library or national museum) and the nature of the product or practice (e.g., mobile or stationary). In conclusion, the relevance of expanding the cultural practices measured in the survey and including overriding phenomena such as values, constraints and motivation was called into question. For example, a study of motivation could clarify the omnivore pattern in Quebec. It also seems relevant to continue the reflection by studying how cultural practices are consumed, in order to see if, and how, the distinction is made.
Terrier, Thiéfaine. "Modes de vie et pratiques domestiques des Yupiit du sud-ouest de l'Alaska : analyse archéoentomologique de l'habitation semi-souterraine de Nunalleq." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40143.
Full textThis master’s thesis examines a Yup’ik semi-subterranean dwelling at Nunalleq (GDN-248), located on the delta of the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers in southwestern Alaska. The main objective of this study is to assess past lifeways of the Yupiit people wholived in this village site between 1570 and 1670 AD. Archaeoentomology is the research methodology used to address the research questions. Thirteen samples taken from the housefloor were analysed and found to contain hundreds of beetles (Coleoptera), lice and fleasremains. Their spatial distribution provides an understanding of some aspects of Yup’ikdaily life at Nunalleq, including practices such as delousing and the presence of dogs inside the dwelling. Environmental conditions in the house were also provided by beetle remains. Local resource exploitation, including that of plants is also documented. Finally, the impact of this hunter-gatherer settlement on the environment is discussed.
Mweze, Baguma. "Le mariage chez les Bashi et ses transformations récentes : étude d'anthropologie sociale et culturelle." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H121.
Full textThe bashi marriage is the culmination of the progressive human and social education of young people, preparing them for their future task. The full rites can be performed only once in the lifetime of each individual, for the first marriage. It is a global initiation to married life, held in an atmosphere of happiness and rejoicing, with meetings, dances, exchanges of gifts and meals, and elaborate rites under the control of experienced men and women. The ritual consecrates the plenitude of definitive and indissoluble matrimonial union, in the face of the problems of polygamy, divorce and death. Animals, plants, human beings, spirits, various realities of the cosmic and cultural worlds, all have their role in this ritual. Stressing the importance of harmony in the community, the tradition makes sure of the agreement of the couple as well as of the mutual understanding of the families forming the alliance. The ceremony emphasizes the support of the ancestors, the continuity of the vital link transmitted to the couple through the parents who, having accomplished their task, accede to the status of elders who have married a child. The whole community is invited to recognize the social changes brought about by this important event. The originality of these traditions has often struck foreigners, especially the missionaries, who were not always able to interpret the richness of shi rites and symbols, whose internal logic escaped them. Through the Christian wedding, religion and education, they introduced the system of western thought and culture which they prejudged to be superior to the shi system. However, this system organizes the sharing of responsibilities and tasks in a spirit of respect for the difference and complementarity of the men and women, thus insuring their mutual physical, psychical and social growth and self-realization
Ladouès, Françoise. "Les pélerinages en Aquitaine centrale du XIIème au XVème siècle. Essai de typologie et d'étude des pratiques." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040146.
Full textThe middle ages were times when concrete religious practices were the sign of a mentality. The pilgrimage is one of the most well spread practice: the road, the stick, the veneration of relics. . . Are as many demonstrations of a very developed religiosity. In central Aquitaine, the diocese of Bordeaux, Bazas, Périgueux and then Sarlat, which was, at the same time, a place visited by pilgrims particularly on their way to saint Jacques de Compostelle, and the place where the closed sanctuaries are quite numerous, the practices have evolved between the 12th and the 15th century. After a period of big turmoil, the XIVth and the XVth centuries have witnessed a rise of individualism and the development of "the race to indulgences". The old sanctuaries were however still visited. So this work will able to be carried on because the sources are scattered. An inventory of the sanctuaries has been made, a typology of the sanctuaries has been tried and the practices of pilgrims have been registered
Gille, Baptiste. "Le chant des pleurs : ontologie, mythologie, et pratiques thérapeutiques chez les Salish de la côte." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0480.
Full textThe following work focuses on the ritual morphology of the Coast Salish’s winter spirit dancing (/mimelha/) and looks to highlight the mechanism of therapeutic effectiveness. From the diagnostic, to the initiation and dances, the ritual work is to determine the presence of an agency – a supernatural being (/syəwəl/) – held responsible for the individual’s suffering (/syəwəl sqaqəy/). This imputation of agency at the roots of the suffering follows a process of objectivation, subjectivation, and reintegration, in the final trance, of the external entity as an ontological constituent of the self (/shxweli/ or /smestiyexw/). Thus, the individual transform the agent responsible of his suffering into a protector and a part of himself. He then acquires a power on the cause and origin of his suffering. By designating an external agency, gradually integrated through a number of interactions with ritual agents, the ritual relieves pain, through mechanisms more likely to suit the paradigm of reasons, intentions, and comprehension, than the one of causes and explanations
Hammami, Sadok. "Image et médiation dans la culture arabo-musulmane : genèse, crise et restauration d'un paradigme, essai d'analyse sociologique." Grenoble 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE39002.
Full textThe subject of this research is the question of image in arabo-silamic culture. It concerned, generally, the modalities of appropriation of media. Consequently, the problem is the analyse of transfer of the technologies of communication according the history of image in this culture and particularly the field of mediation. The research is divided up three part. Firstly, we have defined the theoretical problem. Secondly, we have analysed the historical stature of image on arabo-islamic culture. Finally, we have tried to understand how the arabo-islamic societies negotiated the cultural phenomenon of transfer of media. Our research have be concerned particularly how this process was determined by a historical elements
Skandrani, Sara Marie. "Les multiples voix des jeunes filles d'origine maghrébine en France : pratiques transnationales, relations intergénérationnelles et construction identitaire." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131034.
Full textGiven the important media coverage and even politicization of the issue of young women of Maghrebine origin in France, the objectives of this research are to study in this population (1) the transnational practices and (2) the intergenerational relations, from the viewpoint of the transnational approach, as well as (3) the identity construction, in reference to the theory of the dialogical self of Hermans and the ethnopsychiatric concepts of Moro et al. Population and method : 19 young women, aged from 16 to 25, born in France and whose parents emigrated from Maghreb were questioned with a semi-structured interview. Results : The longitudinal and transversal analyses reveal the complexity and multiplicity of the identity construction of young women of Maghrebine origin in France, which interacts with (1) the transmitted and performed transnational practices of their families, as well as with (2) the intergenerational relations. Discussion : The issues of the identity construction of young women of Maghrebine origin are to be replaced in the historical and sociocultural context, they and their parents live in. The past and present relations between France and the Maghrebine populations transformed traditional values, and more specifically the virginity and endogamy norms as well as the religiosity, into symbolic identity markers. The identity experimentations of these young women turn around these norms, which are always subject to multiple and creative renegotiations and redefinitions
Lardy, Caroline. "Travail et vie monastique : enquête filmique dans un Carmel de France." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100131.
Full textThe video camera, as a main tool of research, enabled to study carmelites daily life into a French Carmel. Aspects such as communal or solitary, materials or rituals, revealed the main features unique to the monacal life organisation. The prescriptions coming from the Rule and the Constitutions have a main influence on carmelites, visible into mental and behavioural habitus. The filmic description of actions and their detailed analysis has shown that the changeover between the religious to the non religious, the solitary to the communal is being accomplished as a fluid and harmonious continuity. All the practical conditions aim, in the daily monk's life, to an encounter with God. The seven films give an insight into essential elements of the monastic life as well as discreet evidences of the carmelitan spirituality
Burzala-Ory, Hélène. "L'image des légumes : discours, représentations, et pratiques de consommation en France." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH036/document.
Full textSince the establishment of the PNNS (National Health Nutrition Program) in 2001 in France, everyone knows that we must eat vegetables daily, and from a very young age, to enjoy a balanced diet. In the country whose "gastronomic meal" was certified in 2010 by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, the food culture has, for twenty years, seen its tradition based on on taste and commensality, disrupted by an increasingly functional approach to nutrition, focused on nutrition and health.The French eater is, in this context, beset by contradictory discourses on food, but which tend for the most part to make him responsible and potentially to make him feel guilty. Impregnated with a food culture of pleasure and freedom, it undergoes a real upheaval of the values related to food.One could then think that the practices have changed and that the consumption of vegetables, today highlighted by the public health policies, has strongly increased. Paradoxically, this is not the case. The latest CREDOC study even shows that "in 2016 (...) we have never had so many large consumers of fruits and vegetables, whether in children or adults. "(2017). In addition, "reaching the benchmark of five fruits and vegetables a day is primarily done by consuming more fresh fruit" (Ibid.).However, while the latest studies show a general decline in vegetable consumption, the certified classes of society are the only ones that maintain a higher consumption, mainly of fresh vegetables. The question then is whether the vegetable would not be on the way to becoming a new distinctive food, concentrating the dominant values of our super-modern society (Augé, 1994) taken over by the "upper middle" categories, such as freshness, lightness, naturalness, etc. If we can bet a diffusion of practices today minority from the top of the social ladder down, following the theories of social innovation observed throughout history, it seems relevant to be interested the brakes and levers, beyond the material conditions, the consumption of vegetables among these eaters.To understand, interpret and analyze the consumption of vegetables in France, it is a question here of studying the imaginary that they deploy among the most consuming eaters, because if "all social fact must be studied from the material and from the mental point of view "(Corbeau, Poulain, 2002), the parameters of rational choice are far from sufficient, in the case of food in general, and vegetables in particular, to understand their low consumption. In this context, the consumption of vegetables is understood as a source of distinction and social integration.From the field survey on 20 eaters, limited in number but extended by the multiple survey protocols deployed, from socioprofessional categories graduates, it is to understand the relationship between sensory experience and even polysensory, sensitive (multimodal) attached to vegetables and concomitant representations.From the tasting experience to the "image of taste" (Boutaud, 2005) of vegetables, through the context and the modalities of their consumption, the idea is to grasp, on the ground and in a very concrete way, the way in which the numerous media discourses on vegetables, constitutive of social imaginaries on the subject, are received, perceived, appropriate and more or less integrated into the practices of the eaters, themselves located at the crossroads of a bundle of favorable factors or not in the image of vegetables, at different scales, consciously or unconsciously
Martinus, Claire. "Mélanges de castes et sécularisation dans la capitale d’un ancien royaume hindou : étude des transformations des pratiques matrimoniales au Népal." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12030/document.
Full textIn the era of globalization, how to analyze the castes and ethnic mixes within the couples in Nepal ? The research has been conducted within a society largely hinduised, so that the analyze of orientalists classic monographs suggested initially that the rules for finding a spouse were mostly endogamous, in accordance with the society's segmentation into castes. The observations carried out during seven fieldworks in Kathmandu conversely indicated that Nepal is in a period of transformations within many fields, and this allows individuals to be more free to choose their spouse. The research presents how the observations of mixed marriages "inter-castes", "inter-ethnics" or "inter-religious" allowed to reveal a theory that can explain the transformations of matrimonial practices in Nepal
Calandre, Natacha. "Pratiques et perception des risques nutritionnels : les mères face aux malnutritions infantiles au Vietnam." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0006.
Full textPottie, Charles. "La célébration : étude sur la famille lexicale "celebrare" jusqu'à la réforme de Vatican II." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040205.
Full textWith the publication of the Constitution on the liturgy of Vatican II in 1963 and the subsequent new liturgical books, we notice an important change in the kind of language used to speak of the christian liturgy. In the official latin texts, we find a significant increase of the noun "celebratio" and the verb "celebrare". .
Meilhac, Louis. "Des terroirs aux territoires ethnographiques des pratiques cynégétiques en Cévennes." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30018.
Full textChevry, De La Force Nora. "L'implication indienne en Guadeloupe." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040099.
Full textThe problematic is in the title. . . The revival of the Indian culture within the Guadeloupian society produces as a consequence both certain dynamism and the reconsideration of the concept of "west Indianism" called in French "antillanité". If during the immigration period, at the time when the west Indian society was dominated by the plantation economy the Indian fact wad maintained isolated keeping apart both races : the blacks and the Indians, when that type of society disappeared the turning of former colonies into departments changed the relationship between those ethnic groups. The changes on the political and religious levels went together with a climate of uncertainly (the second Vatican council) the non Indians turned to exogenous and endogenous religious such as the Hindu cult which became their refuge. . . The cult was not perceived likewise by the Indian and the creole. Different meaning for the two ethnic groups but one common objective: a longing for legitimacy. In the Indians the desire for orthodoxy that emerges can bring along some upheavals. The foreign contribution to that immigration: a philosophy based on mankind comes to valorize the Indian group and appears helpful to that society with a not so deep-rooted culture
Trigeaud, Sophie-Hélène. "Conversion, éducation et communauté : une étude socio-anthropologique, transnationale et contemporaine des pratiques et représentations des "Saints derniers jours" ou "Mormons"." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0138.
Full textThis socio-anthropological study is about Mormonism, from a transnational viewpoint, in the Western contemporary world. Pointing on the conversion and education/bringing up process, it aims at understanding the final goals of a community. It intends to explore the precise forms and the deep structures of the three facets of Mormonism: conversion, education, community. Lt eventually inquiries into the impact of representations on social and religious practices with a special attention to the making of individuals (with social and religious construction, anthropopoiesis and deification) and to the Mormon Way of Life (as an echo from the history and the first utopian plans of the community). Beyond a socio-anthropology of religion and education, beyond a community study, this thesis gives a more general outlook on the socio-anthropology of the Western contemporary world: instead of the individualistic attitude that many authors admit, it finds the case of a paradoxical society which increases its community strength by a most individualistic way, and that claims for an active and conservative religiosity, very far from any "believing \without belonging"
Choisy, Guillou Charlotte. "La céramique domestique : approches fonctionnelles et pratiques alimentaires à l’Âge du Fer dans l’Ouest de la Gaule d’après les données archéologiques et archéométriques." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIL508.
Full textThis Ph.D. focuses on the cuisine as a social and cultural indicator, based on the study of Iron Age pottery. Hence 1072 potteries, from 64 archaeological sites located in the current regions of Normandy and Brittany, compose this study corpus. An original methodology enables to sort vessels between various culinary uses (i.e. from pantry to table). The results show that each area has its own functional typology, unchanged throughout the period. Moreover, this permanence of cooking items can be considered as an evidence for intergenerational transmission of cooking habits and gestures. Confronting cookware to other food-related data, such as food resources, non-ceramic artifacts, storage or combustion structures, helped design a food model specific to each studied area. Some common points were identified between the Armoricaine communities and those of the Plaine de Caen, for instance using individual sets of dishes during the meal. Nonetheless cooking methods appear to be different. Boiled technique seems specific to the Armoricaine area, whereas slow-cooked dishes as stews appear to be the most common cooking method in the Plaine de Caen area. The Breton ware allows to think that a dish exhibition is thought as soon as the cooking preparation phase begins. In contrast, the use of cooking pots as serving dishes is typical of Western Paris basin crockery. Consequently, vessels are multifunctional, demonstrating the fact that ill-defined boundaries exist between the different culinary functions: storage, preparation, cooking, presentation and consumption
Aholou, Cyprien Coffi. "Proximité spaciale, distances socio-culturelles à Cotonou (Bénin) et à Lomé (Togo) : étude comparative." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100034.
Full textProximity and distance, two opposed terms are the key notions of this work. Cotonou and Lomé, two west african cities can be considered like fragmentized urban areas under integrated and non egalitarian. From upper class neighbourhood to popular neighbourhood and mixed-social classes' areas, the rationale of urban socialisation is not freezed. Depending on the context, they fluctuate from ethnic to religious belonging, thus showing that proximity does not unavoidably lead people to a get closer or farther from each other on a socio cultural point of view. In order to avoid getting closed into proximity, moto taxis has come to be the usual means of transportation. The « territorialisation » of social constructions allied with the stakes of urban areas' development, stand for an original basis for gathering city dwellers into participative actions. The so-called local governance plan, developed to gather all the inhabitant of a same district in a participative forum came out to be very exclusive. Indeed, the degrees of mobilisation vary from a district to another according a rationale based on ethnic group, “denizen” or autochthonic belonging, political or social groups. Both cities are places where all the ethnic groups represented in both countries can meet, the involvement of non-autochthones city dwellers, in ethnic based organizations working for the development of their region of origin show that they can be attached to a place without living there. Literally and symbolically speaking, those gathering spaces are real social places like markets, bus stations, or beaches, where city dwellers, though different experience daily interactions
Bergeaud-Blackler, Florence. "L'institutionnalisation de l'Islam à Bordeaux : enjeux sociaux, politiques et économiques de l'implantation du culte musulman dans un espace urbain." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2A001.
Full textBy broadening the time scope and reducing the space scope of its investigation, the author shows that in France, the process of institutionalisation of Islam is neither linear nor uniform in time and space. It does not only depend on the proportion of Muslims in France or on their level of cultural and social integration. It also varies according to the status of Islam and Muslims in the Republic. The difficulties met when reconstructing a history of Muslim institutions in Bordeaux, a metropolis that built its wealth on colonialism, reveal the existence of a deep-rooted "republican ideology of Islam". This enables us to understand better what is at stake when addressing the issue of the establishing of Islam. The forming of the Muslim associations of Bordeaux was until now poorly known, as well as their relations with their political and economical environment. Through the setting up of a legal slaughtering system for the Aïd el Kebir, the detailed study of these associations illustrates the concrete effects of the national construction of the Muslim fact on the structuring of the Islamic community in Bordeaux