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Segar, Allyson Adrianne. "Personality type and self-perception of hearing aid benefit." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3739.
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Thesis (Au. D) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.<br>Thesis research directed by: Hearing and Speech Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Årnfelt, Theodor. "Risk-benefit perception of AI use : Public perception of AI in healthcare and commercial domains." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177750.
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AI applications are today implemented in a wide range of settings with the goal of achieving greater efficiency. However, these implementations can not be guaranteed to be free of risks. This study investigated how people perceive these risks and benefits, and whether there were any notable differences to be found between the domains in which they appear, in this case e-commerce/marketing and healthcare. Additionally, the relationship between the perceptions and individual positive and negative attitudes towards AI were examined by utilizing an affect heuristic framework. The findings showed that the two domains did differ from one another, as ratings of both perceived risks and benefits were higher for the healthcare domain compared to the e-commerce/marketing domain. Further, an inverse correlation between ratings of risks and benefits were found within each domain, which is consistent with the affect heuristic framework.
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Nichols, Timothy A. "Older adults' benefit from environmental support in a visual search task : the role of strategies." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31020.
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Sporck, Karen Kieley. "Effect of real-ear verification on hearing aid benefit /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (7.38 MB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/doctorate/sporcksk/sporcksk_doctorate_04-19-2010_01.pdf.
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Spirakis, Gregory J. "Long term stability of self reported hearing aid benefit in adults." Scholar Commons, 2002. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2950.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of hearing aid benefit, as measured by the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB; Cox & Alexander, 1995), between three months post hearing aid fitting and at next the annual audiological re-evaluation. The annual re-evaluation was at least, and as close to nine months as possible, after the previous audiological. The maximum time between the two evaluations was 18 months. Thirty-six hearing aid patients participated in this study. The participants were both male andfemale, and were fitted monaurally or binaurally with hearing aid(s). All participants had sensorineural hearing loss with no ongoing or permanent conductive or retrocochlear pathology. The APHAB scale was administered at the three month hearing aid check (HAC) and again at the annual audiometric re-evaluation.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with length of time between the three month hearing aid check (HAC) and the next audiological re-evaluation as a covariate, was used to examine the main effects of time of administration and subscale [e.g., ease of communication (EC), reverberant conditions (RV), background noise (BN), and aversiveness of sounds (AV) and their interactions. Results revealed a significant reduction in the mean benefit scores between the 3-month HAC and annual re-evaluation APHAB administration. It is hypothesized that the causal factor of the decrease in benefit in the EC, RV, & BN are multifactorial.
These reductions in benefits may be do to the Hawthorne effect, unrealistic hearing aid benefit expectations by the participants, or a heightened expectation of hearing aid benefit due to the financial expense. It should also be noted, however, that using the 90% confidence interval for "true" clinical benefit, 21 of the participants maintained stable benefit over the course of the study. Finally, although not statistically significant, the fourth APHAB scale, aversiveness of sounds (AV), improved over time.
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Pierce, Heather R. "Employee development as an exchange process : perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange and perception of benefit." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29897.
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Shibasaki, Wendel Minoro Muniz. "Preferência e percepção do desconforto por pacientes adultos submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico com bráquetes convencionais e autoligáveis : um estudo clínico randomizado split-mouth /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181751.
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Orientador: Renato Parsekian Martins<br>Resumo: Introdução: O ortodontista necessita ponderar entre a melhor evidência científica disponível, a sua experiência profissional e as preferências do paciente para a tomada de decisão clínica. A decisão entre bráquetes autoligáveis (BA) ou convencionais (BC) pode ser fundamentada com estudos comparando sua eficiência clínica e aspectos profissionais de manuseio dos bráquetes, mas poucos estudos abordam as percepções do paciente e nenhum compara e quantifica a preferência e a percepção de desconforto dos pacientes, distinguindo-a da sensibilidade dolorosa. Um estudo clínico randomizado e controlado split-mouth de centro único foi conduzido com esse objetivo. Métodos: Vinte e seis participantes com média de 28,8(11,5) anos, com má oclusão simétrica, foram convocados para participar da pesquisa. Cada paciente teve um hemiarco superior randomizado para instalação de BA, enquanto o hemiarco contralateral era instalado os BC, ao mesmo tempo (T0). O cegamento apenas foi possível para o pesquisador. A preferência foi consultada após 30 dias e quantificada pela técnica willigness-to-pay (WTP), enquanto o nível de desconforto foi medido por escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da instalação(T0), imediatamente após a instalação (T1), 7 dias após a instalação (T2) e 30 dias após a instalação e com fio amarrado (T3). Índices de placa (IP) e gengival(IG) foram feitos em T0 e T3. Resultados: Os pacientes percebem diferença entre os modelos usados. Ao final, 17 pacientes preferiram os bráquetes c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction: The orthodontist needs to balance between the best available scientific evidence, his professional experience and the patient's preferences for clinical decision-making. The decision between self-ligating (SLB) or conventional (CB) brackets can be based on studies comparing their clinical efficiency and professional aspects of bracket manipulation, but few studies address the patient's perceptions and none compares and quantifies preference and perception of discomfort of patients, distinguishing it from pain sensitivity. A single-center, randomized, controlled split-mouth trial was conducted with this goal. Methods: Twenty-six participants with a mean age of 28.8 (11.5) years with symmetric malocclusion were invited to participate in the study. Each patient had a superior hemiarch randomized to bonding SLB, while the contralateral hemiarch had CB bonded at the same time (T0). Blinding was only possible for the researcher. The preference was consulted after 30 days and quantified by the willigness-to-pay (WTP) technique, while the level of discomfort was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) before bonding (T0), immediately after bonding (T1), 7 days after bonding (T2) and 30 days after bonding and with wire tied (T3). Plaque and gingival index were made in T0 and T3. Results: Patients perceive difference between the models used. In the end, 17 patients preferred the conventional, while 9 preferred the self-ligation brackets. Patients who chose CBs we... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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McMillan, Sage M. "PERCEPTION OF RISK AND BENEFITS OF URBAN NATURAL GAS AND OIL WELLS: A CASE STUDY OF BROADVIEW HEIGHTS, OHIO." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1398444696.
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Alrashidi, D. "Clinicians' perception of the benefit from orthognathic surgery in patients of different racial background presenting with a class III skeletal discrepancy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003468/.
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Aim: To investigate the impact of patients’ race on influencing whether clinicians perceive benefit from orthognathic surgery in patients with class III skeletal bases. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study involved sending questionnaires to all consultant orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons in the United Kingdom using the mailing list from British Orthodontic Society and British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. The questionnaires were sent using a sequential mixed mode approach for the Consultant Orthodontists group and a web-based mode for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons group. The questionnaire used silhouettes of two patients (one Caucasian and one Chinese). These were manipulated to produce a class III skeletal discrepancy. The maxillary position of the selected normal profile silhouettes was manipulated posteriorly from the normal position, in 2 mm increments up to 10 mm. The mandibular position, of the selected normal profile silhouettes, was manipulated anteriorly from the normal position, in 2 mm increments up to 10 mm. A total of 26 silhouettes were constructed. The participants were asked to spend no more than 30 seconds looking at the silhouettes and answer the following questions: “Do you think that a patient, presenting with this profile, would benefit from orthognathic surgery?” and “How do you rate the level of attractiveness of the profile?” Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the perception for the benefit from orthognathic surgery between Consultant Orthodontists’ and Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (p = 0.176). The silhouette’s race was featured as highly statistically significant factor predicting the perceived benefit from surgery (p < 0.001). The odds of clinicians perceiving a benefit from surgery and therefore recommending an orthognathic surgery approach increased 2.87 times for a Chinese silhouette compared to a Caucasian silhouette with class III skeletal bases. Consultant’s years of experience, gender, specialty, the number of orthognathic patients treated per year, and the consideration of the importance of an attractive appearance were not statistically significant factors predicting perceived benefits from orthognathic surgery. Conclusion: Clinicians perceived benefit from orthognathic surgery in patients with class III skeletal bases was significantly higher for Chinese silhouettes than for Caucasian silhouettes with the same degree of manipulation. The Caucasian ideal profile was considered more attractive than the Chinese ideal profile.
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Zhou, Guzhen. "NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD SYSTEM: CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/10.
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Nanotechnology is one of the key innovative technologies in the present century. The food industry has applied this technology in each of its sectors. Nanotechnology has tremendous potential in food and agriculture, including advancing agricultural cultivation and food production, enhancing food nutrition and flavor, and improving food packaging and preservation. However, the novel properties of nanoscale materials that allow beneficial applications are also accompanied with uncertainties, even unknown risks. A number of studies have examined public understanding as well as acceptance of nanotechnology via surveys in both the US and Europe. However, most of these studies concentrated on public attitudes in general. Few works focused on specific products, let alone food or food related products.
This project will contribute to the literature by calculating monetary valuations (i.e., willingness-to-pay) for canola oil where new techniques are utilized. Using choice experiment survey data, consumers’ valuations for nano attributes were estimated with choice models. As implied, consumers were willing to pay $0.95 less for a typical bottle (48 fl. oz.) of canola oil if it was produced from nanoscale-modified seed; $0.51 less if the final products were packed with nanotechnology-enhanced packaging technique; and no significant difference was found for oil that was designed with health enhancing nano-engineered oil drops, which would require interaction with the human digestive system.
Additionally, the results revealed unobserved heterogeneities among respondents in their willingness-to-pay for canola oil attributes. Aligned with descriptive results, 46.7% of the respondents reported that they were optimistic about new technology applied to food products. While a significant portion of the respondents (42.8%) indicated that they might gain benefits at the same level as risks, there were a slightly larger proportion of the respondents who feared they might be exposed to more risks than benefits through nanofoods. Further analysis included respondents’ attitudes and opinions as well as their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics toward the goal of understanding the underlying behavior difference. Findings from this study will help bridge the gap between scientific innovation and public policy and social-economic concerns. Implications for government policy that can be efficiently used to monitor and regulate these technologies were also investigated.
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Helms, Sarah. "Assessment of perceived positive and negative outcomes in risky adolescent dating and peer situations: A descriptive analysis of risk and benefit perception." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2019.
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Peer and dating violence perpetration and victimization are common experiences placing adolescents at-risk for maladaptive outcomes, yet little research has focused on specific problematic situations associated with these types of violence and other related risk-taking behaviors. Further, prevention programs have typically focused on changing beliefs, attitudes, and skill-deficits, with little attention to adolescents’ motivations or perceptions of costs and benefits associated with risky situations, despite support for this type of research in other health-related fields (e.g., substance abuse, behavioral medicine). The current study assessed adolescents’ perceptions of potential positive and negative outcomes associated with risky dating and peer situations, many of which may increase youths’ risks for violence perpetration or victimization. Interviews were conducted with 82 predominantly African American adolescents living in an urban setting. At the conclusion of qualitative coding, 17 and 13 themes were identified for risky dating and peer situations, respectively. Content within these themes included potential positive and negative outcomes and associated processes and contextual factors identified by youth, across topics such as aggression, victimization, and other risks for physical or psychological harm; interpersonal and intrapersonal processes associated with dating and peer relationships (e.g., communication, emotion, respect, pressure); and more concrete costs and benefits for youth (e.g., gain or loss of financial or material goods, opportunities for fun things to do). This research has important implications for improving the ecological relevance and credibility of youth violence prevention programs, and the discussion of decisional balances of potential costs and benefits may represent important targets for prevention programs.
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Oosthuizen, Ilze. "Bilateral processing benefit in sequentially implanted adult cochlear implant users." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30304.
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Bilateral cochlear implantation is accepted medical practice since 2008 in clinically suitable adults and children to enhance bilateral processing benefits. Bilateral implantation may lead to the restoration of some bilateral hearing advantages, such as improved speech recognition in noise, localisation, head shadow effect, summation, and squelch. The majority of the advantages stated in literature, though, are characteristic of the simultaneously implanted cochlear implant population. Simultaneous implantation is not yet a reality in South Africa due to funding constraints, therefore determining the bilateral processing abilities in sequentially implanted adults is essential. Determining bilateral processing benefits achievable with sequential implantation could result in evidence-based recommendations in terms of candidacy considerations, surgery protocols, motivations for medical aid funding for simultaneous cochlear implantation, and relevant measures to determine the bilateral processing benefit attainable. Furthermore, it might enhance audiologists‟ insight regarding post-implantation performance of sequentially implanted patients and enable them to counsel prospective candidates realistically. The aaim of this study was to determine the bilateral benefit attained by sequentially implanted adults. A quantitative, cross-sectional research approach was followed in a one group post-test-only exploratory research design. A purposive convenient sampling method with specified selection criteria was used to select 11 adult clients of an established cochlear implant programme in Pretoria. Tests of sound localisation in the horizontal plane and speech perception in noise were performed. During the test of sound localisation, performance with only the first or only the second implant was found to be very similar. For the majority of participants the second cochlear implant (CI 2) was the superior performing implant during xviii speech perception in noise testing, in spatially separated speech and noise conditions where noise was directed to the first implant, as well as in spatially coincident speech and noise. A statistical significant bilateral benefit (p < 0.05) was attained by sequentially implanted adults for sound localisation. A bilateral benefit for speech perception in noise was observed when noise was directed to the first implant and in the diotic listening condition with average benefits of 1.69 dB and 0.78 dB, respectively. It was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), however, and was smaller than bilateral benefit values achieved by simultaneously implanted adults in previous studies. The head shadow effect at 180° was found to be the strongest and most robust bilateral spatial benefit. Squelch and summation benefit values ranged from negative values to 2 dB and 6 dB, respectively. This corresponded with values found in previous studies. The improvement in speech perception in spatially distinct speech and noise from adding the ear with a better SNR (signal to noise ratio) indicated that the contribution of CI 2 seems to be greater than that of CI 1 for bilateral spatial benefit. It can be concluded that adults with sequential implants may achieve some extent of bilateral benefit even with many years of unilateral implant use, when speech processors differ, when the second implant is done ≥ 10 years after the first implant, and in cases of prelingual deafness. A key benefit of sequential implantation appears to be related to the advantage of having hearing on both sides so that the ear with the more favourable environmental signalto-noise ratio is always available. AFRIKAANS : Bilaterale kogleêre inplanting is sedert 2008 aanvaarde mediese praktyk vir klinies geskikte volwassenes en kinders, ten einde bilaterale prosesseringsvoordeel te verhoog. Bilaterale inplanting kan lei tot die herstel van sommige van die voordele van bilaterale gehoor, soos verbeterde spraakherkenning in lawaai, klanklokalisering, die kopskadueffek, sommering en selektiewe onderdrukking (“squelch”). Die meeste van die voordele wat in die literatuur bespreek word, is egter kenmerkend van dié persone by wie twee kogleêre inplantings gelyktydig gedoen is. Gelyktydige inplanting is as gevolg van beperkte befondsing nog nie in Suid-Afrika 'n werklikheid nie, daarom is dit noodsaaklik om te bepaal watter bilaterale prosesseringsvoordele by opeenvolgend-geïnplanteerde volwassenes voorkom. Die bepaling van watter bilaterale prosesseringsvoordele met opeenvolgende inplanting bereik kan word, sou kon lei tot getuienis-gebaseerde aanbevelings met betrekking tot besluite oor die geskiktheid van kandidate, protokol vir sjirurgie, motiverings vir die befondsing van gelyktydige kogleêre inplantings deur mediese voorsorgfondse, en toepaslike maatstawwe om te bepaal watter mate van bilaterale prosesseringsvoordeel haalbaar sou wees. Dit sou verder oudioloë se insig kon verbreed met betrekking tot die na-operatiewe prestasie van opeenvolgend-geïnplanteerde persone en hulle sodoende in staat stel om voornemende kandidate van realistiese raad te bedien. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal wat die bilaterale prosesseringsvoordele is wat deur opeenvolgend-geïnplanteerde volwassenes verkry kan word. 'n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering met 'n dwarsprofiel van „n enkelgroep is gevolg, met 'n post-toets verkennende navorsingsontwerp. 'n Doelgerigte gerieflikheidssteekproef met 'n gespesifiseerde seleksiekriteria is gebruik om 11 volwasse kliënte van 'n gevestigde kogleêre inplantprogram in Pretoria te selekteer. Klanklokalisering in die horisontale vlak en die waarneming van spraak in lawaai is getoets. Tydens die toets vir klanklokalisering is gevind dat prestasie met slegs die eerste of slegs die tweede inplanting soortgelyk was. Vir die meeste deelnemers aan die studie het die tweede kogleêre inplanting (KI 2) die beste prestasie gelewer tydens spraakwaarneming in lawaai, in omstandighede waar spraak en lawaai ruimtelik geskei is en die lawaai op die eerste inplanting gerig is, asook in omstandighede waar spraak en lawaai ruimtelik saamvoorkomend aangebied is. 'n Statisties beduidende bilaterale voordeel (p < 0.05) is deur opeenvolgend-geïnplanteerde volwassenes vir klanklokalisering behaal. 'n Bilaterale voordeel vir spraakwaarneming in lawaai is waargeneem waar lawaai op die eerste inplanting gerig is en ook in diotiese luistertoestande, met 'n gemiddelde voordeel van 1.69 dB en 0.78 dB, onderskeidelik. Dit was egter nie statisties beduidend nie en was ook kleiner as die bilaterale voordeelwaardes wat in vorige studies deur gelyktydig-geïnplanteerde volwassenes behaal is. Die kopskadu-effek by 180° was die sterkste en mees robuuste bilaterale ruimtelike voordeel. Voordeelwaardes vir selektiewe onderdrukking en sommering het gewissel van negatiewe waardes tot 2 dB en 6 dB onderskeidelik. Dit stem ooreen met waardes wat in vorige studies gevind is. Die verbetering in spraakwaarneming in ruimtelik geskeide spraak en lawaai wat verkry is deur die oor met 'n beter STR (sein-tot-ruis ratio) by te voeg, het daarop gedui dat die bydrae van KI 2 tot bilaterale ruimtelike voordeel waarskynlik groter as die bydrae van KI 1 is. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat volwassenes met opeenvolgende inplantings 'n mate van bilaterale voordeel verkry selfs na vele jare van unilaterale inplantingsgebruik, wanneer die spraakprosesseerders in die twee inplantings van mekaar verskil, wanneer die tweede inplanting ≥ 10 jaar na die eerste plaasvind, en in gevalle van prelinguale doofheid. 'n Sleutelvoordeel van opeenvolgende inplanting hou klaarblyklik verband met die voordeel van gehoor aan albei kante te hê sodat die oor met die gunstigste sein-tot-lawaai ratio altyd beskikbaar is.<br>Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology<br>Unrestricted
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Hutchinson, Kelly Anne, and kellyhutchinson@gmail com. "Mapping the dynamics of social enterprise and ICTs in Cambodia: a study of perception, use and benefit of ICT in development of the social enterprise space." RMIT University. Business Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080213.144134.
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As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and social enterprises become drivers of economic growth, the nexus provides opportunities for new models of business to bring benefits to communities in developing countries. Recognising the complex dynamics and range of actors in this diverse and emerging sector, this study chooses to document the external influences, use and impact of ICT on social enterprises. The problem investigated is the potential gap between the rhetoric of the 'promise of e-business' versus the dynamics of enactment and impacts of ICT in practice in the social enterprise sector. The methodology consists of a mixed-method data collection strategy to triangulate data sources from a diverse cross-section of organisations in the social enterprise sector in Cambodia. These include a cross-sectional survey, interviews, observations, document analysis and review of artefacts. It is unclear whether the Cambodian social enterprise sector represents a unique case or is representative of other countries. Regardless, the rich dynamics of the sector and the current lack of understanding of ICT use by this sector in developing countries per se warrant such a study. It fills a significant gap in the field of ICT and development by providing an in-depth overview of the social enterprise sector in one developing country, which may also be applicable in other developing country contexts. The research maps the e-business status of Cambodian social enterprises along a continuum from precursor activity to fully integrated e-services. It finds that Cambodian social enterprises believe ICT adds value to their operation; however access to affordable and reliable local ICT resources is an important factor determining long-term uptake. It also shows that external support is seen as vital to the success of ICT uptake by social enterprises in Cambodia. Donors have the most significant influence on social enterprises' framing of ICT, whilst NGOs, associations and the private sector are also important institutional players in shaping understanding and uptake of ICT. The main contribution of the research is to identify the real development impact of ICT use by social enterprises by measuring the role of ICTs in achieving their goals. Its major finding is that social and business missions are inextricably linked within these organisations, so to measure one in isolation of the other denies the new paradigm that social enterprises present. The most active sub-sector explored that best reflects this unique value proposition is the emerging social outsourcing potential of the IT services sub-sector. The handicraft and processing sub-sectors have yet to fully engage and use ICT to their maximum benefit. The outlook for these sub-sectors is likely to require further support to best harness the potential that ICT can bring developing countries.
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Bleiweiss, Michelle L. "The relationship between self-perceived benefit as measured by the APHAB, COSI and CPHI and the presence of ADP in an elderly population. [electronic resource] / by Michelle L. Bleiweiss." University of South Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000027.
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Professional research project (Au.D.)--University of South Florida, 2002.<br>Title from PDF of title page.<br>Document formatted into pages; contains 34 pages.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.<br>ABSTRACT: The self-perceived hearing aid benefit of 38 participants was examined. Of the 38 subjects, 8 were found to have an auditory processing disorder as measured by the Dichotic Sentence Identification (DSI). When compared to the non-APD subjects, there were essentially no significant differences on the APHAB or COSI outcome measures. However, two of the 5 scales of the CHPI did show significant differences. In conclusion, these results do not support the notion of APD having a negative effect on hearing aid benefit. No finding in this study was robust and although there were several trends supporting that APD may impede an individual from receiving their full potential of benefit, this finding is not necessarily so.<br>System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Hamrosi, Kim Karon. "Identifying the barriers and facilitators to the use of Written Medicine Information by community pharmacists, general practitioners and consumers." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12066.
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It is evident that the factors surrounding provision and use of WMI by patients and healthcare professionals are complex. The findings identify barriers to the use and provision of WMI, and provide opportunities to incorporate facilitators to improve its effective delivery in practice. The barriers of limited consultation times, lack of consumer awareness and healthcare professionals attitude towards WMI and its perceived impact on the patient-provider relationship, require a fundamental change to transition healthcare professionals to the role of facilitators of WMI provision. Consumers want information that is usable, comprehensible and set within the context of their needs. A tailored, more personalised approach was identified and may improve the relevance and value of WMI to consumers as a one-size fits all approach is no longer considered suitable or acceptable. Doctors and pharmacists are still the preferred source of medicine information for consumers, who want a personal interaction with their healthcare professional. There is an identified need for balanced, appropriately presented WMI, particularly the concomitant presentation of both harm and benefit information when weighing up treatment options and counterbalance the perceived negative harm information. The potential for misinterpretation and ill-informed decision-making was evident and education surrounding health statistics may be valuable. Although the awareness of CMI has increased over the past decade, provision rates remain lower than desirable, implying the value of CMI as an information-sharing tool has not been fully realised. As healthcare professionals deal with increasingly complex and chronic conditions within limited consultation times, focus should be on a collaborative inter-professional environment to ensure consumers are receiving adequate information about their medicines. The implementation of strategies and education programs is needed to increase its utilisation as a tool to improve health literacy, patient engagement and adherence. The findings offer policy makers, government and key stakeholders the opportunity to learn from the barriers and build on the facilitators.
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El, Chami Carole. "Rapport bénéfice-risque et gestion de l'incertitude dans un contexte d'innovation thérapeutique en cancérologie digestive : perception, positionnement et décision des patients et des médecins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI013.
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La meilleure compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires, cellulaires et immunologiques du cancer grâce aux évolutions technologiques a conduit au développement des thérapies ciblées, puis de l’immunothérapie, ce qui a changé la manière d’appréhender le traitement du cancer. Si ces traitements permettent d’aboutir à une personnalisation de plus en plus fine de la prise en charge des cancers, ils sont toutefois associés à plusieurs défis dans le cadre du processus de décision thérapeutique censé être partagé. Ces défis sont liés à la multiplicité des données (cliniques, biologiques, moléculaires) à intégrer dans la décision ; à la complexité de l’information scientifique sur les risques et les bénéfices de ces traitements que les patients doivent intégrer pour un choix éclairé ; et à la communication et la gestion de l’incertitude liée au manque de recul et parfois de preuves scientifiques sur leurs effets. Nous avons souhaité étudier les représentations et les attitudes des oncologues et des patients vis-à-vis de ces traitements et de l’incertitude associée à leur rapport bénéfice-risque ; et décrire leur impact sur le processus de décision thérapeutique en cancérologie digestive.Nous avons mené deux études qualitatives basées sur des entretiens semi-directifs, d'une part auprès des oncologues pratiquant la cancérologie digestive, et d'autre part auprès des patients atteints de cancers digestifs et recevant ces traitements.L’étude qualitative menée auprès de quinze oncologues exerçant dans différents types d’établissements de santé de la région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (centres hospitaliers universitaires de Dijon et de Besançon, centre de lutte contre le cancer de Dijon et centre hospitalier de Chalon-sur-Saône) montre que l’incertitude à laquelle ils font face peut être liée au manque de données disponibles et/ou de connaissances expérientielles sur les effets de ces traitements.Cette incertitude est néanmoins contrebalancée par des dispositifs d’encadrement et de surveillance et par l’existence des réunions de concertation pluridisciplinaire. Plusieurs stratégies sont utilisées par les oncologues pour présenter ces traitements aux patients et pour communiquer sur l’incertitude de leur rapport bénéfice-risque, et ce, sans que leur expertise professionnelle ne soit remise en question par les patients. Le temps restreint dont ils disposent et le manque d’expertise médicale des patients sont des freins à la mise en œuvre de la décision partagée identifiés par les oncologues.L’étude qualitative menée auprès de vingt patients pris en charge dans différents types d’établissements de santé de la région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (centres hospitaliers universitaires de Dijon et de Besançon et centre de lutte contre le cancer de Dijon) montre que les patients ont une représentation positive de l’efficacité et de la tolérance de ces traitements, associée aux notions de nouveauté et de chance. Ils ont une connaissance limitée et des difficultés à appréhender pleinement certains aspects relatifs à ces traitements. L’incertitude liée à leurs effets est reconnue mais minorée par les patients par la mise en place de plusieurs stratégies de coping. Face à cette incertitude et à leur sentiment d’illégitimité vis-à-vis de la sphère médicale, les patients perçoivent leur rôle dans la décision thérapeutique comme étant limité.Les résultats de ces deux études mettent en évidence la nécessité de rendre les informations sur les traitements plus accessibles aux patients et le besoin d’améliorer le niveau de littératie en santé, un levier potentiel d’action à explorer pour progresser vers davantage d’autonomie dans le processus de décision<br>Advances in technology have led to a better understanding of the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of cancer, paving the way for the development of targeted therapies, followed by immunotherapy, which have transformed the approach to cancer treatment. While these treatments allow for increased personalization of cancer care, they present several challenges in the context of therapeutic decision-making, which is supposed to be shared. These challenges are related to the multiplicity of data (clinical, biological, molecular) that need to be integrated into decisions; the complexity of the scientific information on the risks and benefits of these treatments, which patients must understand to make an informed choice; and the communication and management of uncertainty due to the lack of hindsight and, sometimes, scientific evidence regarding their effects.We aimed to study the perceptions and attitudes of oncologists and patients towards these treatments and the uncertainty surrounding their risk-benefit ratio, as well as to describe their impact on the therapeutic decision-making process in digestive oncology.We conducted two qualitative studies based on semi-structured interviews: one with oncologists practicing digestive oncology, and the other with patients diagnosed with digestive cancers and undergoing these treatments.The qualitative study conducted with fifteen oncologists working in different types of healthcare institutions in the Bourgogne Franche-Comté region (Dijon and Besançon university hospitals, Dijon cancer center, and Chalon-sur-Saône hospital) shows that the uncertainty they face can be related to the lack of available data and/or experiential knowledge about the effects of these treatments.This uncertainty is nevertheless counterbalanced by supervision and monitoring systems and by the existence of multidisciplinary team meetings. Several strategies are used by oncologists to present these treatments to patients and communicate the uncertainty of their benefit-risk ratio, without patients questioning their professional expertise. The limited time available and the patients' lack of medical expertise are identified by oncologists as obstacles to the implementation of shared decision-making.The qualitative study conducted with twenty patients receiving care in various healthcare institutions in the Bourgogne Franche-Comté region (Dijon and Besançon university hospitals and Dijon cancer center) shows that patients have a positive perception of the effectiveness and tolerance of these treatments, associated with notions of newness and opportunity. They have limited knowledge and difficulty to fully grasp certain aspects of these treatments. The uncertainty related to their effects is acknowledged but minimized by patients through the implementation of several coping strategies. Faced with this uncertainty and their feeling of illegitimacy in medical matters, patients perceive their role in the therapeutic decision-making as limited.The results of these two studies highlight the need to make treatment information more accessible to patients and the need to improve health literacy, a potential area of action to explore in order to progress toward greater autonomy in the decision-making process
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Dawood, Gouwa. "Speech recognition in children with unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants in quiet and in noise." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2689.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MAud (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>Individuals are increasingly undergoing bilateral cochlear implantation in an attempt to
benefit from binaural hearing. The main aim of the present study was to compare the
speech recognition of children fitted with bilateral cochlear implants, under binaural and
monaural listening conditions, in quiet and in noise. Ten children, ranging in age from 5
years 7 months to 15 years 4 months, were tested using the Children’s Realistic Index for
Speech Perception (CRISP). All the children were implanted with Nucleus multi-channel
cochlear implant systems in sequential operations and used the ACE coding strategy
bilaterally. The duration of cochlear implant use ranged from 4 years to 8 years 11
months for the first implant and 7 months to 3 years 5 months for the second implant.
Each child was tested in eight listening conditions, which included testing in the presence
and absence of competing speech. Performance with bilateral cochlear implants was not
statistically better than performance with the first cochlear implant, for both quiet and
noisy listening conditions. A ceiling effect may have resulted in the lack of a significant
finding as the scores obtained during unilateral conditions were already close to
maximum. A positive correlation between the length of use of the second cochlear
implant and speech recognition performance was established. The results of the present
study strongly indicated the need for testing paradigms to be devised which are more
sensitive and representative of the complex auditory environments in which cochlear
implant users communicate.
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Sund, Björn. "Economic evaluation, value of life, stated preference methodology and determinants of risks." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12557.
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The first paper examines the value of a statistical life (VSL) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. We found VSL values to be higher for OHCA victims than for people who die in road traffic accidents and a lower-bound estimate of VSL for OHCA would be in the range of 20 to 30 million Swedish crowns (SEK). The second paper concerns hypothetical bias in contingent valuation (CV) studies. We investigate the link between the determinants and empirical treatment of uncertainty through certainty calibration and find that the higher the confidence of the respondents the more we can trust that stated WTP is correlated to actual WTP. The third paper investigates the performance of two communication aids (a flexible community analogy and an array of dots) in valuing mortality risk reductions for OHCA. The results do not support the prediction of expected utility theory, i.e. that WTP for a mortality risk reduction increases with the amount of risk reduction (weak scope sensitivity), for any of the communication aids. The fourth paper presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effects of dual dispatch defibrillation by ambulance and fire services in the County of Stockholm. The intervention had positive economic effects, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 36, a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of € 13 000 and the cost per saved life was € 60 000. The fifth paper explores how different response times from OHCA to defibrillation affect patients’ survival rates by using geographic information systems (GIS). The model predicted a baseline survival rate of 3.9% and reducing the ambulance response time by 1 minute increased survival to 4.6%. The sixth paper analyzes demographic determinants of incident experience and risk perception, and the relationship between the two, for eight different risk domains. Males and highly educated respondents perceive their risks lower than what is expected compared to actual incident experience.
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Sousa, Tanara Rosângela Vieira. "Ensaios em economia da saúde : o risco e o valor de uma vida estatística no caso dos acidentes de trânsito na cidade de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25785.
Full textAbstract:
Nesta tese são desenvolvidos três estudos sobre o risco associado aos acidentes de trânsito, com o objetivo de avaliar como a população o percebe, e o valor que estaria disposta a pagar para reduzi-lo. As análises foram feitas com duas diferentes metodologias econométricas e dois diferentes conjuntos de dados da população de Porto Alegre. O primeiro estudo procurou avaliar que fatores de risco contribuem para aumentar a gravidade dos acidentes de trânsito, utilizando dados de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos na cidade de Porto Alegre no período 2000-2008, através de modelos logit ordenados generalizados. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das vítimas feridas em acidentes de trânsito são condutores jovens, do sexo masculino e que estavam em motocicletas ou cujo acidente foi um choque contra obstáculos. Contudo, as vítimas fatais têm maior probabilidade de morte são os pedestres, com mais de 60 anos de idade. Os acidentes com maior gravidade ocorrem em maior proporção a noite ou finais de semana, em locais mais afastados do centro da cidade, o que sugere comportamento associado à alta velocidade e uso de substâncias psicoativas como álcool. Para os demais estudos utilizaram-se dados de um survey feito com a população de Porto Alegre em 2009. O segundo estudo avalia como as características sócio-demográficas, a experiência no trânsito e a informação recebida, afetam a percepção do risco e o comportamento no trânsito. Os resultados indicam que os indivíduos que tem risco maior de morte no trânsito subestimam seu próprio risco e vice-versa; e que os mais jovens têm maior percepção deste risco, assim como os que tiveram experiência de acidente de trânsito ou passam mais tempo expostos a ele. O risco do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas associado ao trânsito, no entanto é percebido maior pelos idosos, mulheres, não bebedores ou quem não tem comportamento de risco, assim como pelos que têm mais informação do risco. Da mesma maneira, o comportamento de risco no trânsito associado ao consumo de álcool está negativamente relacionado a percepção deste risco e a idade. O terceiro estudo estimou a disposição a pagar ( ) dos entrevistados pela redução no seu próprio risco de sofrer lesões em um acidente de trânsito e o valor de uma vida estatística ( ), utilizando modelos lineares e não-lineares ajustados através de uma transformação Box-Cox. Os resultados indicam que a esta relacionada de forma decrescente com a idade e com a não utilização de dispositivos de segurança, mas aumenta com a renda, o tempo de exposição ao trânsito, a experiência com acidentes, para as mulheres e para os que têm dependentes. O valor médio eliciado da para reduzir a zero o risco das lesões mais graves, que resultam em morte, implicou em de cerca de R$ 13,4 milhões (US$7,3 milhões) - valor menor, porém comparável ao encontrado para países desenvolvidos e em estudo para o Brasil.<br>This thesis develops three studies on the risk associated with traffic accidents, in order to assess how people perceive it and the value they would be willing to pay to reduce it. The analysis was made with two different econometric methods and two different sets of data from Porto Alegre's population. The first study to assess at risk factors that contribute to increased severity of accidents, using data obtained from traffic accidents in the city of Porto Alegre between the years 2000 and 2008, and applying the generalized ordered logit. The results indicate that most of the victims injured in accidents are young drivers, males, motorcyclists and whose crash was a “collision with obstacles”. However, fatal victims have a different profile: they are pedestrians, over 60 years old. The most serious accidents occur in greater proportions at nights or weekends, at locations further away from the city center, which suggests behavior associated with high speed driving and the use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol. The other two studies used data from a survey done with the population of Porto Alegre in 2009. The second study evaluates how socio-demographic characteristics, traffic experience and the information received about the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol, affect risk perception and behavior in the traffic. The results indicate that individuals who have greater risk of dying in traffic, underestimate their own risk and vice versa; and that young people as well as those who have been in an accident or those who spend a lot of time in traffic, have a greater perception of their risk. On the other hand, the risk of alcohol consumption associated with traffic, is perceived better by older people, women, non-drinkers, people without risky behavior, and those who are more aware of the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol. Similarly, risky behavior in traffic, related to alcohol consumption, is inversely proportional to perception of risk and to age. The third study estimated the respondents' willingness to pay ( ) for the reduction in their risk of suffering injuries in a traffic accident, as well as the value of a statistical life ( ), using linear and nonlinear models adjusted by the Box-Cox transformation. The results indicate that the decreases with age and with not using safety devices, but increases with income, exposure to traffic, and the accidents experience, for women and for those who have dependents. The average value elicited by to reduce to zero the risk of severe injuries that result in death, implied a of about R$13.4 million (US$ 7.3 million) - lower, but still a comparable value to that found in developed countries, and studied in Brazil.
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Zumhof, Brianna J. "Understanding perceptions of urban biodiversity and its benefits." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6903.
Full textAbstract:
The human population is rapidly urbanizing, creating dramatic changes in local land use and land cover, unprecedented species loss, and a society increasingly disconnected from nature. Nature, specifically biodiversity, has been shown to provide benefits and enhance well-being to humans. Living in an environment with reduced opportunity to interact with or experience biodiversity has increasingly been recognized as both a public health and environmental issue, whereby separation from nature can negatively impact human well-being and how humans value nature, diminishing interest in and understanding of nature and its conservation. Because urban living reduces contact with nature, it is imperative to understand how urban residents perceive and benefit from urban nature to better manage urban biodiversity to both support human well-being and conservation efforts.
This study examines how urbanites perceive and benefit from two types of urban nature, trees and birds, by combining surveys of local residents with tree and bird data collected in two Midwestern agricultural cities, Cedar Rapids and Iowa City, Iowa from neighborhoods of varying urban intensity. A residential survey was distributed to these neighborhoods during the summer of 2018 to assess resident perceptions of neighborhood biodiversity and its benefits. In general, residents were not able to assess relative levels of biodiversity compared to other neighborhoods, except in the case of high tree species richness. There was a strong relationship between perceived biodiversity and actual biodiversity, as well as reported knowledge of a given taxon, but only residential perceptions of biodiversity, not actual biodiversity, were strongly related to reported benefits. Respondent perceptions of the influence of trees on their well-being exhibited strong relationships with a person’s connection to trees. Reported influence of birds on well-being was strongly related to a person’s connection to trees, connection to birds, and landscaping practices to support wild species in their yards. Actual bird species richness was significantly negatively related to perceived influence of birds on well-being. Perceived nuisances associated with trees were significantly negatively related to perceived tree species richness, while a person’s connection to trees was strongly positively related to tree nuisances.
These results indicate that reported perceptions of the benefits from biodiversity are most heavily influenced by resident perceptions of biodiversity itself and orientation toward nature. This finding also implies that residents benefit from the presence of biodiversity, but that perceived benefits are only related to respondent perceptions of biodiversity, not to actual biodiversity. Further research is necessary to understand why and how this paradox occurs, yet this study provides reason to support efforts to increase knowledge of species as well as provide biodiverse environments that create opportunities for interaction with urban nature. Providing both would strengthen urban resident well-being and support biodiversity and conservation initiatives within cities.
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Mackey, Olivia A. "Parental Perceptions of Social Development After Summer Camp Attendance." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1555451708705653.
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Ayeme, Bukola. "Teachers` Perception of Outdoor Learning : Benefits and Challenges of Outdoor Learning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166745.
Full textAbstract:
Outdoor learning has become very visible in recent times ,it is seen in different public medias such as magazines, on television, on various websites on internet, in the press and on public notice boards in different countries, accompanying different advertisements displaying a healthy lifestyle especially in early years of studies ( preschool ).The author seeks to address the perception of Erasmus project “Dehors ” teachers` experience outdoor, focusing majorly on the benefits and difficulties that these preschool teachers face while teaching outdoors. Furthermore, teachers are known to be role-models for their students and their opinion about their jobs matters a lot in displaying their duties as educators. Preschool children aged 0-6 years spend more time in school more than home, at least a minimum of five days in a week so ultimately attitudes of teachers largely have a positive or negative effect on school children. The aim of the present dissertation project is to explore how the teachers perceive outdoor learning based on their experiences outdoors. This study explored the components that characterize teachers` perception of outdoor learning. This research includes two set of interviews which were used to investigate both teachers` outdoor activities performed in Latvia and Swedish preschools. Outdoor learning has made a distinctive difference between the traditional learning approach of “stand and deliver” model which has systematically been changed to “guide on the side” model which educationalist view as a good method of impacting knowledge to learners, instead of giving knowledge as it was practiced before but in recent times, outdoor leaning processes helps to create an atmosphere for co-learning and not an isolated endeavours which is gradually been replaced by outdoor learning approach of “tell me and I will forget with “show me and I will remember”. These results provided a great insight on teachers` experiences of outdoor learning in the nature and on asphalt. It can be concluded that outdoor learning approach can be adaptable in the Latvian and Swedish contexts in promoting the development of preschool teachers therefore, there is a need for further research to promote effectiveness of outdoor teaching in Latvia and Swedish preschools.
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Andrews, Charles G. "Comparative Analysis of Management and Employee Job Satisfaction and Policy Perceptions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4239/.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of job satisfaction as defined by management and nonmanagement employees and to compare both parties' perceptions of organizational benefits to a list prepared by the organization's benefit personnel. Turnover is costly to the organization, both in money and in the impact it has on those individuals remaining with the organization. Every effort should be undertaken to reduce the amount of turnover within the organization. A contributing factor leading to turnover may be a gap between what the employees believe is important to them and what management believes is important to the employees. The boundaries of the gap need to be identified before any effort can be made to reduce or bridge the gap. Once the boundaries are identified, policies can be analyzed and the possibility of reducing the gap investigated. Management as a whole must be aware of the needs and wants of their employees before any attempt to develop a retention strategy is undertaken. This knowledge can be acquired only through two-way communication with the employee. The communication process includes the simple process of asking employees for this information and then listening to how they respond. This study suggests that little difference exists in perception of job satisfaction importance for gender, age group, length of time with the organization, topic training hours, and between management and nonmanagement employees. However, perception gaps exist between the job satisfaction items addressed by organizational policies and procedures and those perceived by employees. Additional studies that include a number of varied organizations are needed before extensive generalizations can be made.
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Nattress, Deborah A. "Benefits of single-gender education| Perceptions of middle grade teachers." Thesis, Capella University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567870.
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<p> This quantitative study used descriptive statistics to evaluate data obtained from 179 middle grade teachers, grades 5-9, currently working in a single-gender environment, including public, private, and charter schools, with regard to the academic and behavioral benefits of single-gender education. The study used a survey created by Dr. John Fry in 2009 for his doctoral dissertation, <i> Single-Gender Education: Teachers' Perspective,</i> and sought to confirm or refute his conclusions regarding the efficacy of single-gender education as recommended in his section for future research. The results of this study confirm his conclusions and indicate the teachers have positive perceptions regarding single-gender education, particularly in relation to academic achievement and behavioral change.</p>
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Ward, Whitney C. "Perceptions of risks and benefits of an outdoor adventure experience." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319896.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Studies, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 11, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3317. Adviser: Alan Ewert.
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Rosette, Joyce Flannigan 1953. "Clients' perceptions of the benefits of the Psychiatric Wellness Clinic." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291337.
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A descriptive qualitative research method was used in this study. In this study, five women were asked to describe their perceptions of how effective the Psychiatric Wellness Clinic interventions were in controlling their depression symptoms. With the decreased availability of state funding, the standard form of treatment was no longer available. This Psychiatric Wellness Clinic concept was developed as a mechanism to provide this patient population with skills that would empower them to take care of themselves and decreased dependency on the system. This researcher wanted to see if the clients felt that the program had make them feel less depressed. If so, it would be inferred that the clients were participating in controlling their own mental health well being. The findings in this study indicate that clients do perceive the Psychiatric Wellness Clinic as effective in decreasing depression symptoms.
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Lacy, Gary Lee. "Head Start Social Services: Experiences, Perceptions, And Benefits From the Perspective of Head Start Mothers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30621.
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Project Head Start, a federal child development program for low-income families,serves both the mother and her children. Previous studies have emphasized Head Start's influence on the child in terms of cognitive gains, social development, and social-emotional development. A continuing problem to understanding the extent of Head Start impact on families is the absence of reliable information about Head Start's influence on the mother and how that influence transfers to the family as they work toward self-sufficiency. This study investigated two issues: (1) the experiences, perceptions, and levels of involvement of mothers who participate in Head Start social services, and (2) how these mothers describe their benefits and relate these benefits to family experiences such as increased problem-solving, coping, and parenting skills. A multiple case study methodology was selected because of its flexibility to allow the researcher to follow new leads that emerged. Participants met three criteria: (1) enrollment in a Head Start social services program for at least six months, (2) willingness to sign an informed consent form and participate in three 90-minute interviews, and (3) having at least one child currently enrolled in Head Start. A participant pool of 17 African American mothers was constituted from parents enrolled in one of three Head Start programs in the Washington, D.C. area, and a sample of eight mothers was then selected for in-depth study. Each mother was interviewed three times, and data were drawn from these interviews. The findings of this study suggest that participation in Head Start social services may have important benefits for mothers and their children. Mothers had developed increased coping and problem-solving skills as well as increased leadership and organizational skills. The findings also suggest that participation in parent group meetings had an empowering influence that prompted several mothers to become involved in certain community activities and in their children's education.<br>Ph. D.
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Fielden, Claire Alexandra. "Investigating benefits of current focusing on complex pitch perception in cochlear implants." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-benefits-of-current-focusing-on-complex-pitch-perception-in-cochlear-implants(83f28bbe-10eb-4b79-a288-4d6390ebcfe9).html.
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Cochlear implants are a recognised treatment for severe and profound hearing losses, and can greatly improve speech discrimination in a quiet listening environment. However, poor specificity of neural excitation resulting from wide current spread within the cochlea leads to inadequate complex pitch perception, affecting speech discrimination in noisy environments and music perception. Tripolar is a stimulation mode with a greater degree of current focusing than the monopolar mode currently used in the clinic. The overall aim of the experiments in this thesis was to evaluate the potential of tripolar stimulation mode to improve complex pitch perception compared to monopolar stimulation mode in a group of Advanced Bionics cochlear implant listeners. First, the place specificity of tripolar and monopolar stimulation was compared using a psychophysical forward masking task with a dual-electrode masking stimulus to limit off-site listening. An overall improvement in the place specificity of tripolar compared to monopolar stimulation indicated that current focusing may provide more independent transmission of temporal information from different electrode places. This conclusion was unaffected by the degree of residual masking which, although measurable, was similar in both modes. Second, the effect of current focusing on delivery of independent temporal patterns was evaluated, specifically whether transmission of fine temporal information about interpulse intervals was improved using tripolar over monopolar stimulation. No advantage was found for current focusing in the delivery of temporal patterns on either a single electrode site, or across-electrodes. Third, the effect of mode on complex pitch perception was investigated by comparing a tripolar with a monopolar listening program. Results showed no improvement in pitch ranking ability from current focusing using sung vowel stimuli, and further suggested that a cue related to the centroid of excitation was providing a stronger cue to pitch than the temporal modulations available in both modes in this group. In conclusion, tripolar stimulation, on average, improved place specificity using forward masking, but not temporal cues to pitch using the methods chosen to evaluate this. Furthermore, current focusing did not improve the ability to rank sung vowels based on pitch over monopolar mode. Current focusing, therefore, was not found to enhance perception of complex harmonic pitch in this group. However, a degree of inter-participant variability in amount of benefit from current focusing observed in this series of experiments suggests that it may be useful for some cochlear implant listeners if a predictive measure of benefit were developed.
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Sattler, Graham Charles. "Community music: perceptions, expectations and conditions in non-metropolitan Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16043.
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Sociocultural enrichment as an outcome of community arts activity is a phenomenon that has been increasingly observed, and documented, since the 1960s. Benefits derived from participation in community music activity in particular have not received the same level of attention. Notwithstanding this disparity, inclusive group music activity continues to gain traction internationally as a vehicle for affinity-based community wellbeing, an intervention for social change, and as a platform for informal and nonformal education. While recognizing that community music activity can be studied in many ways, utilizing strategies such as single group, traditional geographical location, ethnicity or faith-based community case studies, this thesis presents a multiple case study ethnographic investigation. Its focus is perspectives and experiences, perceptions and expectations, of community music group participants involved in six regional New South Wales (Australia) communities, marginalised by a variety of factors. One North American music community also participated in the research by way of international comparison. The research used two principal research questions: (1) What aspects of social and cultural development result directly from community group music programs?, and (2) How are the sociocultural benefits that are identified as resulting from participation in community music activity best effected?. Analysis of group member data revealed nine themes of socio-cultural development, with a subset of six themes identified by the group leaders. Emerging from cross-cohort data that addressed the second question are six defining dimensions of community music. The thesis proposes that the three-tiered analytical template used to interrogate group member perspective, leader perspective and environmental context, is a viable option for broad application in community music enquiry.
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Harmse, Naómi. "South African consumers' perception of soy and soy products / Naómi Harmse." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/921.
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Food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition, by virtue of physiologically
active food components are known as functional foods. Soybeans contain some of these
phytochemical components such as isoflavones. Due to the lack of relevant data, the aim
of this study was to assess South African consumers' perceptions towards soy and soy
products. Respondents (n=3001) were randomly selected from 9 metropolitan as well as
rural areas in South Africa. The questionnaire consisted of 17 food related topics. Four
of these sections (which were also used in this study) probed information on soy and soy
products. The data of 81 % respondents (n=2437), who were aware of soy, were used for
further statistical analyses. There were no practical significant differences between rural
and metropolitan respondents' perceptions regarding each statement. Large practical
significant differences were found between racial groups regarding most of the
statements. In general Blacks were more positive towards the use and taste of soy, as
opposed to Whites. More Indians were aware of meat substitutes made from soy than the
other racial groups. Marketing efforts in South Africa should focus on those groups that
like the taste of soy best and who would consume soy regularly.<br>Thesis (M. (Consumer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Born, Alexandra L. "Patients' Perceptions of Pharmacy Services." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1461959357.
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Gartner, Joanne L. "Adult basic education students' perceptions of personal/social costs and benefits." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2623.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Camenisch, Amy L. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON THE FARM: KENTUCKY GROWERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF BENEFITS AND BARRIERS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/15.
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This study analyzed the perceptions of Kentucky Homebased Processors and Microprocessors of the benefits of and barriers to developing and selling value-added products. The final sample consisted of 141 participants, 60.5% (n=72) of which were from Central KY, 26.9% (n=32) were from Western KY, and 12.6% (n=15) were from Eastern KY. Overall, participants seemed to feel that their value-added products were successful in many different benefit categories. The primary barriers to developing value-added products were lack of time, lack of funding, and lack of legal knowledge. The primary barriers to utilizing program resources for farmers were not having enough time, being unaware of the services offered, and programs being too far away. The information found by this study can be used to determine the addressable needs in different regions of Kentucky and assist programs in making their services more available and applicable to Kentucky farm entrepreneurs.
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Baker, Robert L. "Perceptions of School Administrators Regarding the Benefits of Teacher Induction Programs." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10241944.
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<p> As rates of teacher attrition continue to increase across the United States, school districts are trying to determine effective methods of retaining quality teachers for their classrooms (Ingersoll, 2012). Comprehensive teacher induction programs have shown to decrease rates of teacher attrition when implemented over a multiple-year span (Goldrick, 2016). This has created the need for school districts to determine if the costs associated with the implementation of comprehensive teacher induction programs are worthwhile investments. This study involved an examination of the perceptions of Missouri superintendents and/or human resources designees and secondary school principals regarding the benefits of comprehensive teacher induction programs and the role played by secondary school principals in those programs. Interview responses were collected and analyzed using coding methods to identify common phrases, key words, and themes. The findings of this study revealed the administrators believe teacher induction programs are beneficial in terms of reducing teacher attrition and establishing a collaborative culture for school districts. Furthermore, the administrators agreed secondary school principals have assumed a greater role in teacher induction than in years past. Although research exists defining comprehensive teacher induction and the most effective components of such programs, there still exists a discrepancy among school districts as to how new teachers are supported. School superintendents, school boards, and state policymakers should be prepared to evaluate the teacher induction programs across the state to determine the breadth of this disparity and to make attempts to narrow these discrepancies as a way to provide high quality instruction in all school districts.</p>
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Smith, Troy Scott. "Exploratory Study of Participants' Perceptions of the Benefits of Surf Camps." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26573.
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The purpose of this study was to discuss and validate the benefits of surf camps. Additionally, the results of this study will aid the further research of adolescents achieving higher self-esteem levels, increased positive self-worth, and behavior change through non-traditional sports. The primary research question asked for this study is â How do non-traditional sports, such as surfing, affect self worth, self-esteem, and positive behavior change?â A survey was used to collect data among surf camp subjects. The participants, ranging from ages 8 to 18, consisted of two focus groups totaling 33 participants, with 17 subjects used for the final data collection. Participants were enrolled in the week long surf camp with Titus International Surf School in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Results suggested that obstacles, such as funding and legislation continue to challenge educational leaders, so the physical education systems that have been put into place must be reevaluated. Non-traditional sports can increase self-esteem, self-worth levels, and behavior change. This exploratory study begins with the development of alternative health and physical education programs, which will help the advancement of health regimens already in place. Some progress has been made in schools since the late 1990â s, but advancement in new programs and research are slow and minimal.
The results of this study also indicated the need for more positive role models in education, physical education classes, and sports. There is a need for increased parental involvement at home as well as the implementation of year-round health, exercise, and new non-traditional sport programs.<br>Ph. D.
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Garrett, Francene Ramon. "Teachers' Perceptions of Professional Development Benefits for Teaching in Inclusive Classrooms." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3298.
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There is a correlation between the professional development that teachers receive and student academic success. It has been shown that knowledgeable teachers have a profound impact on student achievement. Many general and special educators enter the field of education and are placed to teach in inclusive environments with little to no professional development related to inclusion. This placement often adversely impacts the success of students with disabilities on state tests. However, there is limited information on the types of professional development necessary for teaching in inclusion. Guided by Bandura's social cognitive theory, this study explored teachers' perceptions of the types of professional development beneficial for teaching in inclusion. The research questions examined participants' attitudes and perceptions toward professional development needs, professional development experiences, and instructional activities used in inclusion. A qualitative case study approach was used to purposefully select 5 general and 5 special education teachers who taught in inclusion classrooms. Data for the study were collected through individual interviews, which were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed and coded for themes. Teachers' perceptions showed there was insufficient training for new teachers, a need for ample planning time in their professional development routine, and a need to implement models of coteaching as described by Friend (2009). The potential for positive social change includes improved inclusion-based professional development for all teachers, which may increase the likelihood of student academic success.
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Wong, Sau-lin, and 王秀連. "Sport commitment, perceptions of running benefits and perceptions of social support of runners with and without family commitment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257306.
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Wong, Sau-lin. "Sport commitment, perceptions of running benefits and perceptions of social support of runners with and without family commitment." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23435914.
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Bolte, Kati Jo. "Electronic animal identification systems at livestock auction markets : perceptions, costs, and benefits." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/464.
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Noparstak, Melissa L. "Perceptions of exercise among individuals with fibromyalgia : identifying the benefits and barriers." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1319549.
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This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of exercise among individuals with fibromyalgia. The goal of this research was not to prove that exercise is good for people with fibromyalgia, but rather to gain an understanding of how health practitioners can help fibromyalgia patients adhere to regular physical activity. The research was conducted using three focus groups with people who are treated for fibromyalgia at Medical Consultants in Muncie, Indiana. The groups consisted of current exercisers and non-exercisers. Four themes emerged from the groups that the participants discussed. These themes were, reasons for exercising, barriers to exercise, desired characteristics of an exercise program, and key support personnel helping participants deal with their condition. The information contained within these themes can be used by health practitioners to develop exercise programs that entice fibromyalgia patients to adhere to a regular exercise program.<br>Fisher Institute for Wellness and Gerontology
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Airulla, Barbara. "The benefits of Arts Education: an investigation of causality and individual perceptions." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1085587568.
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Airulla, Barbara J. "The benefits of arts education an investigation of causality and individual perceptions /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1085587568.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 121 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Robert Arnold, Dept. of Art Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).
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Benavides, Liliana, and William Combs. "Perceptions of Arizonans on Random Drug Screening Related to Obtaining and Maintaining Health Care Benefits." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623971.
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Class of 2009 Abstract<br>OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of the general public in Arizona regarding random drug screening and obtaining and maintaining health care benefits.
METHODS: Individuals entering and leaving a grocery store in Chandler, Arizona on one day were invited to voluntarily participate in the study by reviewing a subject disclosure form and completing an 11 item questionnaire. The Likert scale varied from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree. Individuals were eligible to participate if they were adults and living in Arizona.
RESULTS: One hundred adults participated in the study. The results of the study showed general agreement for passing a drug test for illegal substances before being hired (5.0 ± 1.5, mean ± SD), and if testing positive for illegal drugs, being allowed to enroll in a drug treatment program to keep their health care benefits (4.8 ±1.6). Respondents agreed that employers should require random drug testing to maintain employment (4.4 ± 1.8). However, respondents neither agreed or disagreed that people should be required to pass a drug test to be eligible to receive health care benefits (3.9 ± 2.0) or that they should be required to pass a periodic drug test to maintain their health care benefits (3.7 ± 2.0).
CONSLUSIONS: Respondents agreed with drug testing to obtain and maintain employment; however, respondents neither agreed or disagreed with the concept of obtaining or maintaining health care benefits with passing a drug test for illegal substances.
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Black, Zachary R. "Student Perceptions of Short-Term Study Abroad Experiences." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1377268605.
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Rasmussen, Leland J. "The perceptions of Utah members of the National Association for the Self-Employed toward selected service benefits /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662145765.
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Thompson, Anne. "The Benefits of Animal-Assisted Interventions: Perceptions of Social Workers Working with Veterans." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/901.
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Evidence-based practices utilized by social workers working with veterans experiencing physical (e.g., spinal cord injuries and loss of limbs) and/or mental health (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use) issues are widely used with this vulnerable population. The number of social workers integrating animal-assisted interventions (AAI) or animal-assisted therapy (AAT) as a complementary intervention to these practices is extremely limited. A significant amount of research has been published on AAI and AAT, yet there is a gap in research regarding AAI and AAT as effective complementary approaches when working with veterans.
The qualitative method utilized in this study was interviews in which MSWs and LCSWs were asked to share personal experiences while employed at veteran-supported agencies and/or non-profit organizations. The qualitative method of interviews and content analysis were used to help identify the themes and sub-themes of this study. The themes and sub-themes supported the phrases and statements drawn from the seven interviews conducted for this study. Findings supported in this study addressed the value of the human-animal bond, how integrating AAI and AAT with evidence-based practices can assist the veteran in improving quality of life (e.g., a decrease in social isolation, increase in social activity, decrease in substance use), and how important it is to recognize the need to provide the education in this field to social workers. Findings from this study can help to provide the foundation for future research, can underscore the value of offering and integrating AAI and AAT education into more MSW programs, and can contribute to establishing policy where those who can benefit by AAI and AAT are given access to it.
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Lombardo, Cynthia A. "Training managers' perceptions of incentives and disincentives affecting their use of cost-benefit analysis of training /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487327695623832.
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Ruggieri, Jason. "ROWERS' PERCEPTIONS OF EXERCISE ADHERENCE AND ROWING CULTURE: A MIXED-METHODS INVESTIGATION." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/143619.
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Kinesiology<br>M.S.<br>The purpose of this study was two-fold: to quantitatively explore competitive rowers' perspectives of the benefits and barriers to exercise, and to use follow-up qualitative interviews to elicit insight into rowers' views of their sport culture, personal experience, and what it takes to be a dedicated, adherent athlete. A mixed-methods approach was used with online surveys and semi-structured interviews. Participants were club and university rowers in the Northeast Atlantic region, all of whom were at least 18 years of age and actively rowing at the time of study One hundred thirty-one athletes, 77 female and 54 male, participated in the quantitative phase of the study. The online survey included the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), a 43-item, 4-point Likert scale measure, and a Basic Demographics Questionnaire (BDQ). The EBBS measured perceived benefits of and barriers to physical exercise. Statistical analysis revealed no strong correlations between the EBBS factors and demographic data. An eight-factor solution resulted, with five benefits (psycho-physical competence, daily functional efficiency, psycho-emotional stability, preventative health, and social interaction) and three barriers (personal inconvenience, physical exertion, and family encouragement). The eight-factor solution correlated strongly with the original nine-factor solution from Sechrist, Walker, and Pender (1987). Nine participants, five men and four women, participated in follow-up interviews. Interviews were performed at a time and place convenient for the rower. The purpose of the interview was to elicit specific, genuine, rich content related to their rowing experience and how the benefits and barriers to physical activity and their place in rowing culture affect exercise adherence. Using an inductive-deductive approach prescribed by grounded theory, two core categories and additional sub-categories were developed in the coding process. From the data analysis, hindering factors and facilitating factors emerged as the core categories. Physical conditioning and health, optimization of personal characteristics, psycho-emotional stability, strong social community, environment, and interpretation of perceived barriers were subsumed under facilitating factors. The following sub-themes were contained in hindering factors: exercise demands, environment, and social issues. Rowers perceived strongly the benefits of their rowing experience, and stated that barriers are inherent to exercise and they are responsible for adapting to them.<br>Temple University--Theses
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McGuire, Michelle. "NON-PARTICIPATORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE BENEFITS AND BARRIERS TO TAKING PART IN FITNESS CLASSES AT SENIOR CENTERS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1493322921375054.
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Oikonomou, Sofia. "Academic Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences of Outdoor Education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79028.
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Outdoor education constitutes an alternative teaching approach that is characterized by authentic experiences and activities in outdoor natural and cultural landscapes. As a relatively new and progressive teaching method, it tries to find and consolidate its place within the existing educational system. The current thesis explores Greek academic teachers’ perceptions and experiences in the field of outdoor education. More specifically, eight academic teachers from a Greek university express their views about outdoor education and report their experiences in outdoor lessons. Through a qualitative approach, this research includes analysis of data extracted from semi-structured interviews with the academics. From the thematic analysis of the data four themes emerged that illustrate teachers’ opinions. The results of the research revealed academic teachers’ basic knowledge on the field of outdoor education, as they presented some well-aimed examples of main characteristics of the approach. Moreover, they reported limited previous outdoor experiences with their students and perceive outdoor lessons as any action outside the typical classroom, attributing higher importance to outdoor activities performed in cultural rather than natural landscapes. Also, academics acknowledged several benefits that outdoor education provides to their students such as the stimulation of all their senses, the connection of theory with practice and the promotion of social relations. In addition, they attributed significant importance to both the experiential approach to learning and to the connection with nature that outdoor lessons provide. Nevertheless, academic teachers highlighted many barriers that inhibit their efforts to apply outdoor lessons such as lack of time and appropriate places, inadequate infrastructure, human resources as well as insufficient pedagogical training and preparation. Concluding, what seems to trouble academics most is the prevailing educational culture inside schools and universities as well as teachers’ and academic teachers’ attitudes. The above findings contribute to the current limited scientific knowledge concerning the practice of outdoor education in the higher level of education. Last but not least, further qualitative research is a prerequisite in order to study the origin of the perceptions and attitudes of Greek academics and comprehend the socio-cultural and educational context in which these have been formed.