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Hynes, Edward J. "The possible cost of cost-benefit analysis to the United States government's integrity." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Wright, Jeffrey Lee. "Undocumented Immigration to the United States: A Cost-Benefit Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145115.
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Alexander, Kristy, Mike Bender, Rick Boisvert, and Mike Gibson. "Cost Benefit Analysis of Options to Manage E-2C Hawkeye Aircraft Techincal Data." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7067.
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EMBA Project ReportEXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Program Management Aircraft Office 231 (PMA231) is tasked with providing “cradle to grave” acquisition support to the U.S. Navy’s fleet of E-2C Hawkeye airborne early warning aircraft. A major portion of this support centers on providing and updating integrated logistics support (ILS) elements, which include technical data. Effective and efficient management of aircraft technical data ensures that the Navy’s aviation maintenance personnel have the most accurate, up to date technical manuals available. Availability of these manuals forms a critical link in providing safe, full mission capable (FMC) aircraft ready for immediate tasking as well as the safety of the maintenance personnel. Source data for both E-2C and C-2A technical manuals is generated by In-Service Support Center at Naval Air Station North Island (ISSC NI). This source data is then incorporated into the manuals and published for use. Incorporation of this validated source data forms the bulk the technical data management process. Northrop Grumman Corporation (NGC), Bethpage New York, currently manages E-2C technical publications; however, prior to 2007, many of these publications were maintained at ISSC NI. ISSC NI currently manages the C-2A technical publications. Given the vital nature of these technical publications, CAPT Gahagan, Program Manager PMA231, has tasked Pax River Consulting (PRC) to provide the program office with a cost benefit analysis based on two options: • Option 1: Retain E-2C technical publications management with Northrop Grumman Corporation. • Option 2: Transfer E-2C technical publication management to the E-2C/C-2A ISSC at NAS North Island, CA. PRC obtained data from both ISSC NI and NGC and evaluated the data on three key areas: quality, cost, and schedule. Based on these criteria, there was found to be no quality advantage between NGC and ISSC; however, there was a clear advantage in favor of ISSC NI in both the cost and schedule areas. Based on this data analysis, PRC recommends that PMA231 transfer the management of the E-2C technical manuals to ISSC North Island.
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Sharman, Katherine L. "Application of cost benefit analysis to the expanded food and nutrition education program." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88626.
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In 1981, President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12291 which requires Federal agencies to perform benefits assessments of proposed major regulations and prohibits them from taking regulatory action unless potential benefits exceed potential costs to society.
A review of welfare economics literature and applications of the CBA model to health, education, and nutrition is presented. CBA for use in the Cooperative Extension Service Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is then systematically examined using the following criteria: 1) theoretical considerations - can the economic criterion appropriately be applied to EFNEP?; and 2) application of the CBA model - can it be made operational?
Following the critique of application of CBA to EFNEP, conclusions are drawn as to the appropriate use of CBA or alternative techniques in evaluating EFNEP and similar programs.Doctor of Philosophy
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Currie, Bianca. "Cost-benefit analysis of land restoration in the Assegaaibos Catchment Area with regard to water yield and tourism benefit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/726.
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With the emergence of the new field of resource economics, one now has the ability to value and to include natural resources in decision making. This thesis aims to explore the valuation of natural resources by reviewing the economic values, techniques, methods and ecological aspects of restoration. Assegaaibos mountain catchment in the Western Cape Province has been used as a case-study example. A cost-benefit analysis of the restoration of the mountain catchment, in terms of the direct benefits of water and tourism, has been performed. The costs of restoration were observed to see whether they outweighed the benefits (income) derived (water and tourism). The results show that the water and tourism benefits did outweigh the costs of a basic restoration scenario. However, the basic restoration scenario did not fulfil the ecological requirements of the project. The results also illustrated that in the moderate restoration scenario, costs only outweighed the benefits when a three percent discount rate was applied. With the optimistic restoration scenario, costs outweighed benefits only when an eight percent discount rate was used. In the comprehensive restoration scenario, costs were shown to outweigh by far the water and tourism benefits over a thirty-year time frame. However, it should be noted that the deterioration of the environment (accelerated erosion, reinvasion, reduced water quality) was not factored into the costs of failure to rehabilitate.
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Karlsson, Dennie. "A Cost-Benefit Approach to Risk Analysis : Merging Analytical Hierarchy Process with Game Theory." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67796.
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In this study cost-benefits problems concerning the knapsack problem of limited resources is studied and how this relates to an attacker perspective when choosing defense strategies. This is accomplished by adopting a cost-benefit method and merging it with game theory. The cost-benefit method chosen for this study is the Analytical Hierarchy Process and from the field of game theory the Bayesian Nash Equilibrium is used. The Analytical Hierarchy Process allows the user to determine internally comparable weights between elements, and to bring in a security dimension to the Analytical Hierarchy Process a sub category consisting of confidentiality, integrity and availability is used. To determine the attacker strategy and, in effect, determine the best defense strategy the Bayesian Nash Equilibrium is used.
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Tabche, Ibrahim. "Cost-benefit analysis within a sustainable development paradigm : an application to a production system." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760819.
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Cho, Yiseul. "Strategic philanthropy for cyber security : an extended cost-benefit analysis framework to study cybersecurity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72880.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)-- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-79).
The international climate of cyber security is dramatically changing and thus unpredictable. As such, agile yet sustainable solutions are needed, along with an effective and a pragmatic evaluation framework to assess and demonstrate the value and efficacy of international development collaboration. Currently, no mature frameworks are available for evaluating such non-conventional, new, and complex international activities as they exist today, and thus this study aims to provide an innovative and pragmatic approach to study cybersecurity. This study recognizes the lack of institutionalized solutions, and aims to provide a novel framework with which to evaluate emerging solutions. In particular, this study evaluates the effectiveness of international development activities and public-private partnerships as a way to improve cyber security. Guided by literature on strategic philanthropy and international development, this study develops an extended cost-benefit analysis framework and applies it to an in-depth case study of a Korean security agency, its Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT.) This newly extended framework can be used for assessing international programs and activities aimed at improving cyber security, where the costs and benefits are not restricted by traditional boundaries. Unlike conventional approaches, this study explicitly includes three additional critical aspects, which are neglected in the conventional cost benefit analysis framework: 1) synergic effect (such as public-private partnership), 2) indirect impact, and 3) shared value. An in-depth case study with field interviews and technology reviews was conducted to test the applicability of this extended framework. Based on the application to the case of the international development activities of the Korean CERT, this study presents two findings. First, private companies can benefit from participating in government-led international development programs. Second, international development activities are effective solutions to improving global and local cyber security. Repeated applications of this framework to other cases will further assess the generalizability of the framework. Cumulated evidence from evaluating the effectiveness of international development activities will also inform the development of future activities for establishing partnerships of strategic philanthropy to improve cyber security.
by Yiseul Cho.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Hyett, Adrian John. "The application of social cost benefit analysis to nuclear power in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38045.
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Lay, Richard H. "Applying the combinatorial retention auction mechanism (CRAM) to a cost-benefit analysis of the post 9/11 era GI Bill transferability benefit." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501669.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Gates, Bill. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Combinatorial Retention Auction Mechanism (CRAM), total reward, post 9/11 ERA GI Bill transferability, NMI (Non-Monetary Incentive), UIP (Universal Incentive Package), SRB (Selective Reenlistment Bonus). Author(s) subject terms: MGIB, Post 9/11 Era GI Bill Transferability, Non-monetary Incentive (NMI), retention, Combinatorial Retention Auction Mechanism (CRAM), Universal Incentive Package (UIP), Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), Total Reward, Auction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available in print.
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Themeli, Tshimangadzo Booi. "A cost-benefit analysis of electricity supply in a developing country, with reference to Venda." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002757.
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This study concentrates specificaUy on assessing those elements of private and external costs and benefits which need to be accounted for in analyzing the role of electricity supply in a developing region. To facilitate this aim, three interrelated questions are addressed. The first question examines the reasons why a critical need for electrification in developing areas exists. In this regard, a selective review of the literature on development economics is offered, illuminating the previous neglect of the rural dimension in development and the associated problems of poverty and inequality, a lack of infrastructure and the general inability to fulfill basic needs. The second question is devoted exclusively to an economic analysis of the supply of electricity in developing areas. A broad theoretical review on whether an unregulated or regulated (private or public) sector should be responsible for the provision of electrification is presented. This evaluation highlights the various welfare implications and efficiency considerations that appear to be relevant in the present context. The final question, which constitutes the central proposition of the thesis, establishes how electrification should be supplied in developing areas. To this end, the conditions specific to a region in Venda are discussed. An attempt is made to identify the private and external costs and benefits relating to electricity supply and the corresponding costs and benefits pertaining to alternative sources of energy. Since the incidence and nature of these costs and benefits could only be ascertained from individual households, it was deemed necessary to undertake a questionnaire study of residents in Makwarela township and its periurban settlement of Lufule-Tshisele. A number of basic trends were evident from the research results. As far as the various benefits are concerned, respondents tended to place a much higher value on both the private and external benefits associated with electricity than its alternatives. At the same time, the survey found that although the private (or monetary) cost of electricity far exceeded the corresponding cost of alternative energy sources, the external costs were significant in the case of alternative energy sources, but virtually non-existent in the case of electricity. On the whole, the Venda survey seems to suggest that an economic case can be made for involving the broader community in subsidising the supply of electricity in Makwarela, Lufule-Tshisele and other areas. While such a subsidy can perhaps be justified on distribution grounds alone, and more specifically in terms of the rapid and pronounced effect it is likely to have on the quality of life in the region, its real worth lies in the fact that it may confer certain external benefits on the community.
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Ohlsson, Henry. "Cost-benefit analysis of labor market programs : applied to a temporary program in northern Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65820.
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The study's objective is to evaluate the relief works and special projects that were in effect during the period 1983-1986 due to the labor force reduction of almost 2 000 persons at the LKAB Mininq Company in 1983. These reductions caused the Swedish Parliament to set up a special labor market policy organization, the Malmfältsdeleqation, which besides initiating relief works and special projects also functioned as an employment exchange, an employability assessment center, and a training organizer. The study has three main chapters. In the first of these the welfare implications of public production in a diseguilibrium model are analyzed. The background to this is that the traditional cost-benefit rules are not very well suited to this particular evaluation problem. The object of the chapter is to derive rules within the context of a model that, whilst simple, resembles in essential points the real world situation within which the Malmfältsdelegation had to work. The delegation's relief works and special projects are represented, in the model, by production in public firms. The second main chapter is a descriptive account of the Malmfälts-deleqation's relief works and special projects. The variables discussed are costs, subsidies, temporary employment, and permanent employment. In this chapter the distribution of these variables is accounted for according to type of subsidy-receiver, location of the projects, branch, and occupational groups. Furthermore, the plans are compared with the outcomes. The actual evaluation can be found in the final main chapter. By way of introduction, there is a discussion of what the labor market situât Lon in Malmfälten would have been l ike in the absence of the temporary organization. With this as a reference, the actual incomes of the former LKAB-employees are compared with the incomes they would have had in two hypothetical alternative courses of events. The first of these implies that no extra labor market policy measures had been taken and the other is based on the assumption that the former LKAB-employees had been offered labor market services to the same extent as other job-seekers in the inland area of northern Sweden. An analysis of the welfare effects of the Malmfältsdelegation's relief works and special projects completes this chapter. This analysis is based on the cost-benefit rules presented in the first, main chapter. The principle conclusions of the study are that labor market policy measures may give positive income and welfare effects in a region facing a situation similar to that faced by Malmfälten durinq the first half of the eighties. However, the Malmfaltsdelegation's measures have not been more effective than those of the reqular market labor policy organization.Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1988
digitalisering@umu
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Wickstrom, Matthew D. "University of Wisconsin-Stout's student tuition differential-access to learning fee a cost benefit analysis /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004wickstromm.pdf.
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Khetarpal, S. K. "Use of benefit cost analysis with equity considerations to evaluate social forestry projects in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27498.
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Benefit cost analysis (BCA) has been found to be an inadequate tool for evaluating social forestry projects because of its indifference, to income distribution and inability to evaluate some environmental benefits (Sirivastava and Pant, 1979). Application of BCA, with consideration of income distribution, to the evaluation of social forestry projects in India is the subject of this thesis.
A social forestry project has been implemented since 1982 in Maharashtra State (India) with the help of the Government of the U.S.A. to meet increasing requirements for fuelwood, fodder and small timber, to save existing forests, and to improve income distribution. Most of the village (common) lands included in the project for establishing fuelwood and fodder plantations are degraded and severely overgrazed. More productive but distant public forest lands are also available for establishing plantations. Whether or not the use of public forest lands for establishing fuelwood plantations is socially more efficient than planting on village (common) lands, is investigated and answered.
The various approaches to incorporating equity in economic benefits are reviewed and the Squire and Van der Tak (1975) method is used. Five alternative plantation programs are considered in this thesis. Three of the plantation programs have been implemented since 1982 under the Maharashtra State social forestry project. The other two plantation' programs; are plantation programs on the public forest lands proposed to meet social forestry objectives. Costs other than the labour employed during the off-agriculture season have been valued at market prices. The labour cost during the off-agriculture season is valued at the shadow price of labour. A methodology is established for valuation of indirect benefits from saving the forests from deforestation. Social benefits are valued by attaching equity weights.
From the results of the economic and social benefit cost analysis it is concluded that the program of distributing free seedlings to the farmers for planting on the field boundaries is economically and socially far more efficient than any other plantation program considered in this thesis. Establishing of fuelwood and fodder plantations on public forest lands is economically and socially more efficient than establishing plantations on degraded and severely overgrazed village (common) lands.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Rodriguez, Diego J. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Quality Improvement Projects: Uncertain Benefits of Willingness to Pay from Referendum Contingent Valuation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31226.
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The use of contingent valuation (CV) methods to estimate benefits has become increasingly common in project analysis. Ever since the NOAA Blue Ribbon Panel Report in 1993 (NOAA, 1993) recommended the use of the referendum form of CV, it seems to have become the method of choice in practical settings.
Referendum-type questions are thought to be easier to answer than the open-ended variety. But there is a downside: econometric techniques must be applied to the referendum data in order to infer the mean or median willingness to pay (WTP) of the sample and, thus, of the population of potential beneficiaries.
This is not, however, just a technical point. Its implications are demonstrated with data obtained from a referendum CV study done for a proposed sewer and wastewater treatment project designed to improve water quality in the Tietê River flowing through the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The results show that:
A factor of 4 separates lowest from highest central tendency estimates of WTP, ignoring one implausible outlier that is 14 times larger than the largest of the other figures.
This variation is ample enough to make a difference in the cost-benefit analysis results for the project under conservative assumptions.
Analysts that use referendum CV data must be sensitive to the problems they buy into, and decide how to deal with the resulting benefits uncertainty in their project analysis. If the principal use of CV survey data is to produce a mean or median estimate of WTP for Cost-Benefit analysis rather than to test for the factors influencing referendum choice responses and, by implication, WTP, nonparametric approaches have the advantage of simplicity over parametric approaches.Master of Arts
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Regier, Dean A. "Discrete choice experiments informing cost benefit analysis: a Bayesian approach with an application to genetic testing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493481.
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Whilst discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are now widely used in health economics, their application within cost benefit framework has been limited. Studies that have conducted cost benefit analysis (CBA) using DCEs have not taken into account the joint uncertainty surrounding the outcomes using decision analytic methods and a Bayesian approach to statistical inference and estimation.
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Becker, Curtis A. "Cost-benefit analysis of providing a special subsistence allowance to military personnel who qualify for food stamps /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378541.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000.Thesis advisors: Gates, William R. ; Mutty, John E. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77). Also Available online.
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Massaquoi, Mohamed B. "Cost-benefit analysis of permanent change of duty station (PCS) modes of travel for moves to Alaska." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38973.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This research examines whether permanent change of station (PCS) travel by privately owned vehicle (POV) to Alaska is to the governments advantage. The objectives of this research are to determine estimated total costs of PCS travel to Alaska by various modes of travel; to identify which of the PCS cost drivers has the greatest impact on government expenditures; and to calculate and project potential cost savings to the government based on the results of the cost-benefit analysis. Historical costs collected from the Defense Finance and Accounting Service are used to create a database of costs incurred by service members traveling to Alaska over the course of two years (May 2010 through April 2012). Coupled with historical travel rates, shipping estimates, and other appropriate open source information, a cost-benefit analysis is conducted comparing the three modes of travel (POV, car ferry, and air travel) available to service members traveling to Alaska. Ultimately, this study confirms that completing PCS travel to Alaska via POV is, indeed, to the governments advantage.
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Becker, Curtis A. Jr. "Cost-benefit analysis of providing a special subsistence allowance to military personnel who qualify for food stamps." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7655.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedRecent reports cite that military Food Stamp Program beneficiaries may range from 6,400 to 20,000. The need for food stamps has been attributed to several factors, one of which is the perceived military "pay gap". Although, significant strides have been made in recent years to improve quality of life for our service men and women and their families, the military pay system tends to lag behind the civilian employment cost growth index. Despite the strong economy that we currently enjoy, many of our service personnel are struggling to make ends meet. The analysis compared the costs associated with providing eligible personnel with food stamps to the cost of providing a Special Subsistence Allowance in lieu of food stamps. On the surface, the Federal Government may realize approximately $7,862,400 savings if the additional subsistence is set at $180 per beneficiary per month, as posed in Senate legislation. Despite such savings, the Department of Defense is constrained by its compensation system, which uses promotion and pay increases to encourage advancement and longevity as a basis for compensation. The Special Subsistence Allowance in lieu of food stamps could also have devastating financial effects for some while providing a cash bonus for others.
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Wendle, Claire. "Rights to the River: Implementing A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis in the United States Hydropower Relicensing Process." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1395.
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Private hydropower operations across the United States are utilizing a public resource, rivers, for power production benefits. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission regulates river use through a relicensing procedure that occurs every thirty or fifty years through a cost-benefit analysis framework to determine the best public use of the river. This thesis explores the structure of the current cost-benefit analysis and the effects of timing, public participation and valuation of ecosystem services in the final relicensing decision, and recommends the use of a social cost-benefit framework to distribute the natural resource benefits rivers provide more equally and give fair weight to ecosystem benefits in a market-driven process.
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Ras, Anna. "Analysis of the quantity and cost of modelled nitrate deposition to the Vaal River from power station emissions with insights for cost-benefit analysis and policy recommendations." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30869.
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Anthropogenic processes have led to high levels of reactive nitrogen entering freshwater ecosystems. This increase in reactive nitrogen levels has caused several adverse environmental and health effects and has resulted in higher deposition rates of nitrates to freshwater ecosystems. The costs and benefits associated with nitrate deposition have been analysed by the European Nitrogen Assessment (ENA) for European countries. However, no studies similar to this have been done for the South African context. The aim of the study was to present a cost analysis of nitrate deposition originating from power station NOx emissions. The objectives were: to examine the changes in nitrate deposition for the years 1980, 2005, 2006 and 2014; to determine the costs associated with nitrate deposition to freshwater ecosystems for the South African context; to calculate the costs of power station emissions to the Vaal River; to consider how European costs differ from South African costs; to consider the impact of the NEMAQA of 2004 and finally, to evaluate the likelihood of these costs being incurred. The years that were selected for this study were chosen due to availability of data, which were supplied by EScience Associates. Three scenarios were considered for each of these years: Scenario 1 was a case in which Eskom operated as usual without any retrofits of power stations, Scenario 2 considered the implementation of the Eskom air quality management strategy and Scenario 3 considered full compliance with the minimum emissions standards set out in the NEMAQA of 2004. The costing method followed the ENA approach, whilst considering the South African context by consulting the relevant literature. The monetized annual costs for the South African context were: mitigation options for improving water quality; increased coal consumption due to power station interventions; agricultural costs; water purification and waste treatment; health impacts and loss of biodiversity as a result of acidification and eutrophication. Power station interventions were found to be the only capital expenditure. The nitrate deposition per unit of electricity generated was expected to decrease, due to changes within the electricity mix of Eskom during this period. Furthermore, the least costly option was expected to be a scenario in which no intervention was made by Eskom to reduce emissions, due to the high capital cost associated with retrofitting low NOx burners in the older power stations. The final expected outcome was that the National Environment Management: Air Quality Act (NEMAQA) of 2004 would have led to a significant decrease in the emissions and, therefore, nitrate deposition to the Vaal River. The costs that were calculated for the South African context differed greatly from the costs in the ENA, indicating that the European costs could not be used directly for the South African context. Furthermore, the results showed that the costs of nitrate deposition increased between 1980 and 2005, decreased between 2005 and 2006 and increased again between 2006 and 2014. Between 1980, 2005 and 2006, a clear link is seen between electricity generated and nitrate deposition. Even though electricity generation increased from 2006 to 2014, the 2014 emissions data show that emissions decreased over the same period. The cost of a fine for non-compliance to emission limits is R10 million. The lowest cost calculated for each year and scenario was found to be Scenario 1 for 1980, and was approximately R 70 million of costs arising from nitrate deposition from power station emissions. The R 70 million, therefore, does not include mitigation options for water quality, increased coal consumption and power station interventions. Therefore, the fines associated with non-compliance, which occur in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, should be increased to force compliance. The total cost associated with Eskom’s air quality strategy, calculated as part of scenario two, was the lowest cost option for 1980, 2006 and 2014. In 2005, the lowest cost option was scenario 1, where no retrofits were done by Eskom. This indicated that there was a trade-off between capital expenditure for low NOx burners and the annual costs, listed previously. This study concluded that when air quality policies, such as the NEMAQA of 2004 are implemented without stringent enforcement, the desired result is not achieved. The findings in this study show that no significant decrease in nitrate deposition occurred between 2005, when the NEMAQA of 2004 was released, and 2014, which was almost 10 years after the policy was implemented. This study makes a valuable contribution to informing policy makers on the impact of reactive nitrogen addition to the environment. Future research should be done on the cost of agricultural nitrate deposition to the Vaal River, considering that these inputs to the Vaal River are several times larger than those of deposition from power station emissions and could, therefore, have costs of a larger scale associated with them.
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Fuchs, Steven Anthony. "Cost and benefit analysis of alternatives to the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) flight physical screening process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA384315.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2000.Cover title: Cost and benefit ... Training Corps flight physical screening process. Thesis advisor(s): Gates, William; Liao, Shu. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59). Also available online.
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Clement, Tommy J. "Cost Benefit Analysis of a Utility Scale Waste-to-Energy/Concentrating Solar Power Hybrid Facility at Fort Bliss." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7322.
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The Cost Benefit Analysis of a Waste to Energy (WtE)/Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Hybrid Facility located on Fort Bliss is a comprehensive analysis of the costs and benefits of a WtE/CSP facility to the Army. Since no capital or operating costs are required from the Army, the increased cost of electricity becomes the overarching cost. This thesis attempts to monetize the benefits of energy security, environmental impact, meeting legislative mandates, and meeting Net Zero Energy goals. Both Congressional legislation and Executive orders dictate the increased consumption and production of renewable energy by federal agencies. WtE/CSP presents a strategy toward achieving these mandates, and Fort Bliss is well located to capitalize on this strategy. This thesis estimates those costs and benefits based on available data. Those estimates are discounted for time and adjusted for inflation. The thesis then conducts sensitivity analysis around potential variations in the data to explore changes to the monetized values.
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Keshavamurthy, Nishanth, and Venkatesh Akshay Narsipur. "A new approach to purchasing of antibiotics for the Swedish system : A Cost-Benefit Analysis of centralized purchasing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423294.
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The fast-increasing issue of antibiotic unavailability or relatively their shortages in the healthcare system has been the point of concern for many countries. With these shortages come unnecessary costs and the need to utilize less optimal treatment thus increasing the risk of antimicrobial resistance and jeopardizing a patient’s health. This thesis is a collaboration with PLATINEA (Platform for Innovation of Existing Antibiotics), aiming to optimize the usage of antibiotics and to increase the availability of important antibiotics in Sweden. To understand the causes that affect antibiotic unavailability, a good view into the antibiotic and pharmaceutical supply chain is important, especially the purchasing systems of it. The complexities in the purchasing system can lead to interruptions in the antibiotics supply chain thus increasing the risk of antibiotic shortages. These shortages in turn increases the risk of antimicrobial resistance, therefore, the purchasing system requires the need to be analysed extensively. This study aims to explore different purchasing systems and conduct cost-benefit analysis of centralized purchasing system in efforts to help reduce shortages of antibiotics in Sweden. This study is based on the existing literature on centralized and decentralized purchasing and also the pharmaceutical supply chain. Qualitative interviews (semi-structured), multiple reports and articles steered the authors in exploring the purchasing systems and mapping the costs and benefits of centralized purchasing. Throughout the research, emphasis was kept on reducing antibiotic shortages. The findings of this study outline the various costs and benefits of a centralized purchasing system and resulted in the implementation recommendation of it over an existing decentralized purchasing system in Sweden.
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Aghanifor, Ishmael. "Charging the use of studded tires in Stockholm city-A cost Benefit analysis." Thesis, http://www.eurafrika.com, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37753.
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The stockholm county proposed legislation in 2010 on the use of studded tires in the city. The aim of the policy was to reduce the use of studded tires by 50 percent. The research question investigates the authenticity of the policy where it was hypothesized that the net social benefits for the imposition of this charge was less than or equal to zero. Emperical literatures were chosen systematically and with the help of theories on welfare economics, a meta analysis was employed quantifying cost and benefits of all outcomes. The findings shows that the NSB is less than zero meaning that it was a wise decision to reject the proposal.
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Gouws, Johan. "The cost benefit analysis of reclamation strategies used in surface coal mining to ensure sustainable post-mining land use." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97326.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, a cost benefit analysis was done to determine the best possible methods for postmining reclamation. A comparison was made between a conventional method with additional organic material added to the soil and a Backgrounding method where cattle are reared on the land. The best method, according to the financial model that was built, was the method of Backgrounding cattle on the rehabilitated land. The main reason for this outcome may be due to the fact that the meat that is produced is a high value product. It might not be practically applicable to mines at this stage, but the calculation provides an insight into the possibilities that reclaimed mine land holds for the agricultural industry.
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Cardholm, Lucas. "Adding value to business performance through cost benefit analyses of information security investments : MBA-thesis in marketing." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-238.
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The purpose of this thesis is to present an approach for good practice with regards to using cost benefit analysis (CBA) as a value-adding activity in the information security investment process for large enterprises. The approach is supported by empirical data.
From a MIO model perspective, this report is focused on the phase of strategic choices regarding organization, i.e. trying to find optimal investments for efficient operations. To assess, improve and monitor the operational effectiveness and management’s internal control environment is essential in today’s business execution. Executive management and boards are increasingly looking for an information security governance framework that encompasses information technology and information security: a single framework through which all information assets and activities within the organisation can be governed, to provide the optimum capability for meeting the organisation’s objectives, in terms of functionality and security.
The investment decision is one of the most visible and controversial key decisions in an enterprise. Some projects are approved, others are bounced, and the rest enter the organisational equivalent of suspended animation with the dreaded request from the decision makers to “redo the business case” or “provide more information.”
The concept of cost benefit analyses of information security helps management to make decisions on which initiatives to fund with how much, as there needs to be an approach for measuring and comparing different alternatives and how they meet business objectives of the enterprise. Non-financial metrics are identified using different approaches: governance effectiveness, risk analysis, business case analysis or game theory. The financial performance metrics are driven by the main value disciplines of an enterprise. These lead to the use of formulas enabling the measurement of asset utilisation, profit or growth: ROI (ROIC), NPV, IRR (MIRR), FCF, DCF, Payback Period, TCO, TBO, EVA, and ROSI.
The author shows research in the field of good corporate governance and the investment approval process, as well as case studies from two multinational enterprises. The case from Motorola demonstrates how IT governance principles are equally applicable to information security governance, while the case from Ericsson demonstrates how an information security investment decision can be supported by performing a cost benefit analysis using traditional marketing approaches of business case analysis (BCA) and standard financial calculations.
The suggested good practice presented in this thesis is summarised in four steps:
1. Understand main rationale for the security investment
2. Identify stakeholders and strategic goals
3. Perform Cost Benefit Analysis (non-financial and financial performance metrics)
4. Validate that the results are relevant to stakeholders and strategic goals
DISCLAIMER
This report is intended for academic training only and should not be used for any other purposes. The contents are not to be considered legal or otherwise professional advice. No liability is taken, whatsoever, by the author.
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Thang, Hnin Julee. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Measures to Improve Fishing in Fresh Water : A case study from the Torne, Kalix and Byske Rivers." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64704.
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Saleh, Iraj, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, Faculty of Business and Technology, and Department of Economics and Finance. "The shadow pricing of labour in cost benefit analysis of infrastructure projects : theory and application to Sydney's second airport project." THESIS_FBT_EFI_Saleh_I.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/100.
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In project appraisal of infrastructure projects, cost benefit analysis has an important role. One of the central concerns is to adjust the distortions in markets to provide a better guide to a more effective allocation of scarce resources. The objectives of this thesis are : to establish the lack of a comprehensive estimation of the shadow wage rate (SWR) in most project appraisals in the Australian context; to develop a model for the estimation of the SWR for groups of occupations; to estimate the SWRs for the major groups of occupations in Australia; to forecast the number of employees required for Sydney's second airport project and to apply the estimated SWRs to the project, followed by estimation of the total social cost of the project. The latter estimation is done using a novel approach which, unlike many previous studies of transport infrastructure projects, estimates the SWR entirely from published statistical sources. Overall, the results are significant not only in the context of Sydney's second airport, but for other airports, the transportation sector, and in general for Australian project appraisal. The study proposes the need to change the traditional approach to the treatment of labour costs in project appraisal in Australia and provides a framework which can be useful to other researchers and analysts who wish to examine the pricing of labour in Australian project appraisal.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Saleh, Iraj. "The shadow pricing of labour in cost benefit analysis of infrastructure projects : theory and application to Sydney's second airport project /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030730.085751/index.html.
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Mugido, Worship. "A financial cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of a small-camp system in ostrich farming to allow veld restoration." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6640.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Agricultural Economics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Before the ostrich industry started in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa in 1863, the veld was used mainly for large and small stock production. Returns per hectare (ha) from large and small stock production are low due to the low carrying capacity of the veld in this region. However, when the veld is utilised predominantly to provide space for breeding ostriches sustained mainly by lucerne-based feed supplements, the limited-feed production capacity no longer determines the long-term stocking rate. The returns, per ha, from ostrich production can therefore be much higher than from sheep, goats and cattle. This has resulted in high ostrich stocking rates, which in turn, has caused degradation to most of the veld to a greater or lesser extent. Driven by a personal conviction to manage the veld sustainably, as well as by a fear of environmental damage connotations for ostrich leather products, which could restrict market access, ostrich farmers in the Klein Karoo, represented by the South African Ostrich Business Chamber (SAOBC), increasingly place an emphasis on veld restoration. The various phases of ostrich production are breeding and hatching eggs to produce day-old chicks, rearing chicks, raising birds, and the final phase of weight addition to slaughter. The phase that is considered in this study is the production of day-old chicks. There are two systems that can be used for producing day-old ostrich chicks, namely, the flock breeding system and the small-camp system. Shifting from the flock breeding system to the smallcamp system will enable the farmer to practice genetic selection. This switch from the flock breeding system to the small-camp system requires the farmer to invest in fencing material. The SAOBC requested a study to determine whether the expected private benefits from moving breeding ostriches to small camps in order to free up the large veld camps for veld restoration would justify investing in these small camps. If this investment is not financially justified, the veld restoration will have to be financed via payment for ecosystem services. Both passive and active veld restoration techniques are considered in this study. Passive restoration requires the farmer to invest in fencing material needed for the erection of the small camps. Active restoration requires the farmer to invest not only in fencing material, but also in soil manipulation and seeding. The main aim of this study is to find out if the private (financial) benefits from the switch to small camps can compensate for fencing costs, without the cost of active restoration, or if the switch to small camps can compensate for fencing costs with the cost of active restoration. Typical farm models were developed for this purpose, and the results showed that the private benefits compensate for the investment cost of fencing material used for passive restoration as well as for restoration of 10% of the veld that is heavily degraded. When the full cost of active restoration of the moderately degraded veld (30%) was added, the private benefits could not compensate for the full restoration cost.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voordat die volstruisbedryf in 1863 in die Klein Karoo ontstaan het, is die veld hoofsaaklik gebruik vir groot- en kleinveeproduksie. Die wins per hektaar van groot- en kleinvee produksie in hierdie streek is laag weens die lae drakrag van veld. Wanneer die veld egter primêr aangewend word vir ruimte vir volstruise wat met lusern gebaseerde rantsoene gevoer word, bepaal die natuurlike drakrag nie meer die belading met volstruise oor die langer termyn nie. Die wins per hektaar uit volstruisboerdery kan dus veel hoër wees as wat met skape, bokke of beeste gegenereer kan word. Dit het hoë belading met volstruise tot gevolg gehad wat vernieling van meeste van die veld tot gevolg gehad het. Gedryf deur persoonlike oortuiging om die veld volhoubaar te benut, sowel as deur vrees dat die vernielde veld die beeld van die volstruisbedryf mag skaad en internasionle marktoegang mag belemmer, het volstruisprodusente in die Klein Karoo, verteenwoordig deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Volstruisbesigheidskamer (SAVBK), toenemend klem begin plaas op veldrestorasie. Die verskillende fases van volstruisproduksie sluit in teling en uitbroei van eiers om dagoud kuikens te lewer, kuikens grootmaak, voëls grootmaak en massa toename tot by slag. Die verskillende fases word dikwels deur verskillende produsente behartig. Die fase waarop in hierdie ondersoek gefokus word is die produksie van dagoud kuikens. Daar bestaan twee stelsels vir die produksie van dagoud kuikens, naamlik tropparing en die kleinkamp stelsel. Die oorskakeling van tropparing na die kleinkamp stelsel stel die produsent in staat om genetiese seleksie toe te pas, maar dit verg investering in omheiningsmateriaal. Die SAVBK het ‘n ondersoek aangevra om te bepaal of die verwagte privaat voordele wat verkry kan word uit die oorskakeling na die kleinkamp stelsel om veldrestorasie moontlik te maak, die investering in die kleinkampe sal regverdig. Indien die investering nie finansieel geregverdig kan word nie, sal verder gekyk moet word na finansiering vanuit betaling vir ekostelsel dienste wat moontlik bevorder kan word deur die veldrestorasie. Die koste van beide passiewe en aktiewe veldrestorasie tegnieke word in hierdie ondersoek gedek. Passiewe restorasie vereis alleen van die produsent om te investeer in omheiningsmateriaal vir kleinkampe. Aktiewe restorasie vereis investering in omheiningsmateriaal vir kleinkampe en betaling vir grondmanipulasie en saad vir die hervestiging van plante. Die doel van die ondersoek is om te bepaal of die privaat (finansiële) voordele van die oorskakeling na kleinkampe kan kompenseer vir die investering in omheiningsmateriaal met aktiewe veldrestorasie en sonder aktiewe veldrestorasie (dus passiewe restorasie). Tipiese plaasmodelle is hiervoor ontwikkel. Die resultate toon dat die privaat voordele wel kan kompenseer vir die omheiningskoste van kleinkampe benodig vir passiewe restorasie en vir aktiewe restorasie van 10% van die veld wat die meeste verniel is. Wanneer die koste van restorasie van 30% van die veld wat matig verniel is, bygevoeg word, is die privaat voordele ontoereikend om die totale restorasiekoste te dek.
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Liu, Liang. "Probabilistic Assessment and Optimal Life-Cycle Management Considering Climate Change and Cost-Benefit Analysis: Applications to Bridge Networks and Ships." Thesis, Lehigh University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28156457.
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The continuous operation of civil and marine structures is essential for maintaining the flow of people and goods. However, structures are exposed to extreme or progressive events during their service time. The uncertainties associated with the occurrence and the magnitude of extreme events (e.g. flooding and scour) may change, leading to unprecedented loading conditions, while the progressive events (e.g. corrosion and fatigue) may jeopardize the structural capacity to resist loads. In order to maintain or improve the structural capacity, repair and maintenance actions need to be applied to structures. However, the determination of these actions may be challenging for decision makers due to (a) limited financial resources to be allocated for a group of structures, (b) uncertainties associated with current structure conditions and future loading conditions, and (c) various decision-making factors (e.g. reliability threshold, decision time, and risk attitude). In order to address these issues, the focus of the research in this dissertation is to enhance the development of management strategies with the application in (a) management of bridge networks under hydraulic events and climate changes, (b) service life extension of ships considering financial feasibility and decision-making factors, and (c) determination of reliability threshold in the decision-making process. The management of bridge networks involves the quantification of regional hazards imposed on the network, performance assessment of structures, and consequence evaluation of potential bridge failure. Regional hazards such as floods may be affected by the changes in the intensity of precipitation due to anticipated climate changes. These hazards may cause extensive damage to bridges, and failure may cause significant costs to bridge managers and result in inconvenience on the daily traffic commute. This research focuses on enhancing the assessment and management of bridges networks vulnerable to regional hydraulic events and climate changes. The integration of transportation network analysis, which reflects the redistribution of traffic flow in the event of bridge failure, is shown to be essential when determining the risk level of bridges. Furthermore, this work includes proposed methodologies for determining optimal management strategies that account for the connection between global climate predictions and regional hydrologic conditions. The crux of determining management strategies, especially for extending ship service lives, is to ensure an adequate safety margin within and beyond the design life. In addition to the loading effect and structural capacity, the safety margin of ships is related to the deterioration acting on the structure. During ship operation, in-service condition surveys are conducted on ship details to assess structural conditions and to inform maintenance actions. This research focuses on the integration of condition surveys of ship details, as well as the timing of conducting surveys, to improve the service life extension for ship structures. While decision makers strive to maintain the safe operation of ships, they should also identify the management strategy that can deliver the best return given the limited budget. This research, from the perspective of cost-effectiveness and profitability, proposes optimization frameworks to clarify the financially feasible life expectancy of different management strategies as well as identify the optimal duration of extended service life for different categories of commercial ships. The last focus of this research emanates from the reliability threshold when determining management strategies. In addition to facilitating decision-making on the management of civil and marine structures, the reliability threshold in terms of target reliability index has been extensively used in design guidelines to ensure adequate safety margin for structures. The level of safety is typically related to the failure mode and severity of failure consequences (e.g. number of potential fatalities). Driven by the emerging application of unmanned ships where there are fewer or no crew members on board, this research specifically focuses on the integration of different acceptance criteria for human safety into the determination of the target reliability index.
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Xylia, Maria. "Cost-effectiveness assessment of energy efficiency obligation schemes - implications for Swedish industries." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125611.
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This thesis is an investigation of whether an energy efficiency obligation scheme would be cost-effective for the Swedish industrial sector. The basic guidelines of the scheme were constructed based on the characteristics proposed in the Energy Efficiency Directive and the previously implemented schemes in other EU Member States. In order to measure the cost effectiveness of the scheme for the industries, a Cost Benefit Analysis was performed. The results of the study show that the participation of the industries in an energy efficiency obligation scheme seems to be cost effective, and the Benefit to Cost Ratios of the analysis where ranging in numbers higher than one, showing that the benefits outweigh the costs. The scheme is in general more cost effective when scenarios assuming high policy intensity for the whole economy of the country are used as input for the calculation of the BCRs, which are also affected positively when higher fuel prices scenarios are adopted. The obligation should be placed upon the distributors, since the prices of energy distribution are administratively regulated. There is opportunity of financial benefits for the Swedish industries from agreements of energy savings delivery to the distributors in order for them to fulfill their obligation. These benefits will support the cost recovery of the investments for the energy savings measures. The possibility of certificate trading in the context of the scheme is another option that can create opportunities for financial gains and stimulate further the energy market. Basing the costs inputs from other EU Member States offers an insight on how these costs could be formed in the case of Sweden, but they cannot be taken as a complete calculation of the scheme’s financial effects. As a result, this study does not offer a final conclusion on the cost-effectiveness of the scheme; it rather serves as a means of support of the final conclusion regarding the cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency obligation schemes for the Swedish industries.
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Hacker, Earl W. "One-year UDP: a cost/benefit analysis of a proposed alternative to the Marine Corps' Unit Deployment Program for fighter aviation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23337.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe author examines the incremental costs and benefits associated with a change from six-month unit deployments to one-year unit deployments. The analysis is based primarily on five fighter squadrons participating in the Marine Corps' Unit Deployment Program and takes in the period July 1976 to October 1988. Regression analysis is used to project transportation cost savings of $4 million in real terms from FY 1989 through FY 1993. With a change to a one-year Unit Deployment Program, fighter squadrons should experience net increases in aircraft readiness, aircrew training readiness, and personnel retention.
http://archive.org/details/oneyearudpcostbe00hack
Lieutenant Colonel, United States Marine Corps
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Cummins, Lane, and Tony Wilborn. "Cost-benefit analysis of the Department of the Navy's transition from C-9 Aircraft to C-40 Aircraft for logistic support aircraft." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10395.
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Approved for public release, distribution unlimitedMBA Professional Report
The Navy began transitioning from the aging C-9s, which peaked at a total fleet size of 27 C-9B/DC-9 aircraft, to the C-40A. However, in response to increasing defense budget scrutiny and competing priorities, the Navy has decided to put this program on hold. Although the C-9B is an aging airframe and will require mandatory Federal Aviation Administration mandated modifications and upgrades, the DC-9/C-9B airframe has recently been determined to have significant operational service life remaining. This project provides a Cost-benefit Analysis (CBA) of the changes associated with replacing the C-9B aircraft with the C-40A. We analyze three alternatives. The first assumes that the C-40A acquisition program will remain on-hold indefinitely. The second alternative foresees the C-40A acquisition resuming as currently projected in FY2015. The third alternative involves the original C-40A acquisition program as per Naval Air Plan 2030 (NAP 2030). The objective is to compare the three alternatives, choosing the alternative, which provides the greatest net benefit and most efficient use of resources. The analysis will involve data collection of operational costs per flight hour, and total costs over the life of the program. Our cost-benefit analysis is intended to indicate the best course of action to provide continued execution of the Navy's Unique Fleet Essential Aircraft (NUFEA) mission. We intend to document all costs incurred and potential savings from a transition to the C-40 aircraft. We find that Alternative Three has lower discounted costs, as well as lower risk and better capabilities, and therefore recommend the Navy transition back to the original C-40 program as soon as practical.
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Cummins, Lane Wilborn Tony. "Cost-benefit analysis of the Department of the Navy's transition from C-9 Aircraft to C-40 Aircraft for logistic support aircraft." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FCummins%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009."Advisor(s): Franck, Raymond E. ; Hildebrandt, Gregory. "December 2009." "MBA Professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Cost-benefit Analysis, C-9B Skytrain, C-40A Clipper, NUFEA, Fleet Logistic Support Wing, Acquisition. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available in print.
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Lee, Seungman. "Optimization and Simulation Based Cost-Benefit Analysis on a Residential Demand Response : Applications to the French and South Korean Demand Response Mechanisms." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED054.
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À cause de la préoccupation mondiale sur les émissions de CO2, le changement climatique et la transition énergétique, nous faisons plus d'attention à la maîtrise de la demande d'électricité. En particulier, avec l'effacement de consommation électrique, nous pouvons profiter de plusieurs avantages, comme l'augmentation de l'efficacité de l'ensemble du marché de l'électricité, la sécurité d'approvisionnement d'électricité renforcée, et l'investissement plus efficace et souhaitable ainsi que l'avantage de l'environnement et le soutien aux énergies renouvelables. En Europe, la France a démarré le mécanisme de NEBEF à la fin de 2013, et la Corée du Sud a lancé le programme de l'effacement de consommation électrique basé sur le marché fin 2014. Parmi un certain nombre de questions et d’hypothèses que nous devons prendre en compte en termes de l'effacement, l'estimation de la courbe de référence est l'un des éléments les plus importants et les plus fondamentaux. Dans cette recherche, sur la base du profil de consommation redimensionné pour un ménage moyen, plusieurs méthodes d'estimation de la courbe de référence sont établies et examinées à la fois pour les mécanismes de l'effacement français et coréen. Cette investigation sur les méthodes de l'estimation pourrait contribuer à la recherche d'une méthode d'estimation meilleure et plus précise qui augmentera les motivations pour les participants. Avec les courbes de référence estimées, les analyses coûts-bénéfices ont été réalisées, elles-mêmes utilisées dans l'analyse décisionnelle pour les participants. Pour réaliser les analyses coûts-bénéfices, un modèle mathématique simple utilisant l'algèbre linéaire est créé et modifié afin de bien représenter les paramètres de chaque mécanisme de l'effacement. Ce modèle nous permet une compréhension intuitive et claire des mécanismes. Ce modèle générique peut être utilisé pour différents pays et secteurs, résidentiel, commercial et industriel, avec quelques modifications de modèle. La simulation de Monte Carlo est utilisée afin de refléter la nature stochastique de la réalité, et l'optimisation est également utilisée pour représenter et comprendre la rationalité des participants, et pour fournir des explications microéconomiques sur les comportements des participants. Afin de dégager des implications significatives pour une meilleure architecture du marché de l'effacement, plusieurs analyses de sensibilité sont effectuées sur les éléments clés du modèle pour les mécanismesWorldwide concern on CO2 emissions, climate change, and the energy transition made us to pay more attention to Demand-side Management (DSM). In particular, with Demand Response (DR), we could expect several benefits, such as increased efficiency of the entire electricity market, enhanced security of electricity supply by reducing peak demand, and more efficient and desirable investment as well as the environmental advantage and the support for renewable energy sources. In Europe, France launched the NEBEF mechanism at the end of 2013, and South Korea inaugurated the market-based DR program at the end of 2014. Among a number of economic issues and assumptions that we need to take into consideration for DR, Customer Baseline Load (CBL) estimation is one of the most important and fundamental elements. In this research, based on the re-scaled load profile for an average household, several CBL estimation methods are established and examined thoroughly both for Korean and French DR mechanisms. This investigation on CBL estimation methods could contribute to searching for a better and accurate CBL estimation method that will increase the motivations for DR participants. With those estimated CBLs, the Cost-Benefit Analyses (CBAs) are conducted which, in turn, are utilized in the Decision-making Analysis for DR participants. For the CBAs, a simple mathematical model using linear algebra is set up and modified in order to well represent for each DR mechanism's parameters. With this model, it is expected to provide intuitive and clear understanding on DR mechanisms. This generic DR model can be used for different countries and sectors (e.g. residential, commercial, and industrial) with a few model modifications. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to reflect the stochastic nature of the reality and the optimization is also used to represent and understand the rationality of the DR participants, and to provide micro-economic explanations on DR participants' behaviours. In order to draw some meaningful implications for a better DR market design several Sensitivity Analyses (SAs) are conducted on the key elements of the model for DR mechanisms
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Oscarson, Nils. "Health economic evaluation methods for decision-making in preventive dentistry." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-687.
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van, der Kamp Jonathan [Verfasser]. "Social cost-benefit analysis of air pollution control measures - Advancing environmental-economic assessment methods to evaluate industrial point emission sources / Jonathan van der Kamp." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2017. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Rokošová, Lucie. "Náklady a výnosy alkoholové prohibice v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193337.
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This diploma thesis compares the profits and costs of the prohibition adopted in the Czech Republic during September 2012. The prohibition that lasted two weeks was a reaction of the Czech government on series of intoxication due to the proof of toxic methanol. The thesis detects, based on the comparison of the value of saved lives and costs that the prohibition cause, the effectivity of the government interference on the market oriented economy. The profits of the prohibition are defined as a value of saved lives of people, who would die because of the intoxication if the prohibition would not be adopted. The value of the human life is defined by DALY (disability-adjusted life years), the willingness to pay for prolongation of own life and the amount of potential juridical refunds. The costs of the prohibition are formulated as a value of unsold goods and services. Diploma thesis considers also impact of prohibition on tax collection. We can state that, based on the cost-benefit analysis, the adopted prohibition was economically effective.
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Longavita, Tancredi. "Design of a Pipe Rack in lightweight concrete: fireproofing’s evaluation, analysis of the lifting process for entire monolithic frames and cost-benefit analysis compared to the traditional solution." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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La seguente tesi propone lo studio relativo alla possibilità di impiegare il calcestruzzo alleggerito come alternativa al tradizionale utilizzo del calcestruzzo ordinario, per il progetto di un Pipe Rack.
Come struttura di riferimento è stato considerato il Pipe Rack sito in Jebel Ali, una città a sud-ovest di Dubai, negli Emirati Arabi, realizzato dall’azienda TechnipFMC S.p.A. Alla luce dell’ubicazione
dell’opera è necessario far riferimento alle normative tecniche Statunitensi, in vigore nel Paese di interesse. Tra i codici contemplati, i più rilevanti sono quelli identificati con gli acronimi “ACI” (American Concrete Institute) e “ASCE” (American Society of Civil Engineers). Le altre normative cui si è fatto riferimento nel corso del processo di ricerca sono menzionate nel corso dell’elaborato ed elencate nell’apposita Bibliografia.
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Nelson, M. "The use of cost/benefit analysis in labour negotiations : An examination of the extent to which Canadian and UK companies use accounting information with respect to labour negotiations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374932.
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Marsh, Robert J., Steven L. Caballero, and Stephen D. Gerry. "Cost benefit analysis: closed-cell polyurethane foam use in DoD forward-deployed structures, and as an alternative building material, to reduce operational fuel demand and associated costs." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45895.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe purpose of this project is to identify the costs and benefits associated with the application of closed-cell spray foam insulation to forward-deployed, semipermanent/nonpermanent structures, and to provide recommendations regarding future integration, use, and employment. According to the Department of Defense (DOD), forward-deployed generators, used to provide power to base support activities, are the largest single consumer of fuel throughout the battlefield. Eighty percent of the energy provided by generators is assessed to power environmental control units that run incessantly due to the poor insulating properties of the structures, according to a 2010 study conducted by the Department of the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. Recent DOD policy has focused more on energy use and consumption but fails to address, and provide solutions for, major consumers of fuel throughout the battlefield. The incorporation of closed-cell, spray foam insulation into legacy DOD forward-deployed construction practices yields a significant return on investment, short-payback/break-even period, and reduces mission and personnel risk to deployed military forces.
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Opria, George R. Maraska Donald G. "An analysis of the use of the Social Security Number as Veteran Identification as it relates to identity theft a cost benefit analysis of transitioning the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration to a Military Identification Number /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FOpria.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): William D. Hatch, William Gates. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76). Also available in print.
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Maraska, Donald G. "An analysis of the use of the Social Security Number as Veteran Identification as it relates to identity theft : a cost benefit analysis of transitioning the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration to a Military Identification Number." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3633.
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Identity theft has become one of the fastest growing crimes in America and stems from the widespread and growing reliance of organizations across the nation to use Social Security Numbers (SSN) as a primary personal identifier. Originally intended for the very limited purpose of tracking social security benefits, the value of the SSN as a unique identifier was quickly recognized, and its use rapidly grew. This â functionality creepâ has led to the SSN becoming an almost de facto national ID number. Employers, universities, credit agencies and financial institutions began using the SSN as a unique personal identifier. The military started to use the SSN as a personal identifier in 1969 in place of the Military Serial Number. Today, the SSN is used pervasively throughout the military, from personnel rosters to medical records, from administrative records to operational orders. This thesis analyzes the elimination of the SSN as the primary personal identifier within the Department of Defense and the Veteransâ Administration, replacing it with a Military Identification Number (MIN). The elimination of the SSN at all but one critical location (pay related matters at the Defense Finance and Accounting System), would render all lost or stolen data useless to an identity thief. A Cost/Benefit Analysis of the transition from SSN to MIN using six methods of analysispayback period method, discounted payback period, benefit cost ratio, net present value, internal rate of return, and a probabilistic NPV were examined. Each methodâ s benefits and drawbacks are discussed and the findings are summarized. The CBA shows that the transition to a MIN is a cost effective solution with a Net Present Value that falls between $701 million and $554 million over a 10 year period.
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Eckerlund, Ingemar. "Essays on the economics of medical practice variations." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 2001. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/583.htm.
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Dowell, Ashley Lynn. "Evaluating the Safety Effects of Signal Improvements." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3575.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of high crash frequencies on roadways, transportation safety has become a high priority for the United States Department of Transportation and the Utah Department of Transportation. A large percentage of fatal and injury crashes on roadways occur at intersections and traffic signals have been implemented to reduce these severe crashes. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of the traffic signal improvements through the development of Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). Recent research has shown that traditional safety evaluation methods have been inadequate in developing CMFs. In recent years, Bayesian statistical methods have been utilized in traffic safety studies to more accurately analyze the effectiveness of safety improvements. The hierarchical Bayesian method is an advanced statistical technique that has the capability to account for the shortcomings of traditional methods and to more fully reflect the effectiveness of safety improvements. This report uses a hierarchical Bayesian model to analyze the effectiveness of new traffic signal installations and modified traffic signals. CMFs were developed for multiple scenarios for both new and modified traffic signals. A benefit-to-cost (B/C) analysis was also performed for each improvement to determine how long it would take to recover the cost of installation. The results showed that there was an increase in overall crashes for both new signal installations and modifications to existing signals. The severe crash analysis revealed that there was an increase in non-severe crashes and a reduction in severe crashes; the improvements are effectively reducing severe crashes and improving safety at intersections. The B/C analyses indicate that there is a safety benefit to both improvements and that new signal installation costs can be recovered in approximately 5 years while the installation of a left-turn signal modification can be recovered in approximately 9 weeks.
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Nwankwo, Jonathan Emeka. "Gas utilization in Nigeria : an economic comparison of gas-to-liquid and liquefied natural gas technologies / J.E. Nwankwo." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2056.
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Stéphan, Maïté. "Fiabilité du temps de transport : Mesures, valorisation monétaire et intégration dans le calcul économique public." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD072/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse aborde la question de la fiabilité du temps de transport. L’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport trouve ses sources dans le fait que, dans bien des situations, le temps de transport n’est pas certain, mais aléatoire. De nombreux évènements peuvent en effet modifier le temps de transport prévu par les opérateurs ou espéré par les usagers. Par ailleurs, lors de l’évaluation socioéconomique de projets d’investissement en infrastructure de transport, il peut exister un arbitrage entre gain de temps et gain de fiabilité. Or, comme la fiabilité est encore à l’heure actuelle, difficilement intégrable dans ce type d’évaluation, ces projets d’investissement voient leur rentabilité collective sous-estimée conduisant à leurs reports. Il émerge ainsi trois problématiques majeures relatives à l’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport : sa mesure, sa valorisation monétaire (i.e. la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport) et enfin, sa prise en compte dans les analyses coûts-avantages. Un premier chapitre permet d’adapter les mesures usuelles de la fiabilité du temps de transport appliquées dans le cadre du transport routier, aux modes de transport collectif (fer et aérien plus particulièrement). Nous proposons également une nouvelle mesure de la fiabilité, le Delay-at-Risk (DaR) inspiré de la littérature financière. Le DaR est une transposition de la mesure de la Value-at-Risk (V aR) à l’économie des transports. Cette mesure est plus utile du point de vue des usagers pour la planification des trajets avec correspondance que les autres mesures. Le deuxième chapitre a pour principal objectif de déterminer la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport. Nous proposons un cadre théorique inspiré de la théorie de la décision en univers risqué à partir duquel nous définissons la préférence des individus à l’égard de la fiabilité (i.e. reliabilityproneness) ainsi que la prudence. Nous développons des nouvelles mesures de la fiabilité du temps de transport, exprimées comme des primes de risque : la reliability-premium et la V OR. La reliability-premium détermine le temps de transport maximum supplémentaire qu’un individu est prêt à accepter pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. La V OR, quant à elle, se définit comme la disposition maximale à payer d’un individu pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. Par ailleurs, nous établissons également les conséquences sur la valeur du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR), de la prise en considération de l’attitude à l’égard du risque sur le temps de transport des usagers (aversion et prudence). Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse a pour objet d’intégrer la fiabilité dans les évaluations socioéconomiques de projet d’investissement et plus particulièrement dans la détermination du surplus des usagers. Nous mettonsen exergue un effet de diffusion des gains de fiabilité par rapport aux gains de temps. Ainsi, nous proposons des recommandations quant à l’arbitrage entre les projets générateurs de gain de temps et de gain de fiabilité en fonction des valeurs monétaires du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR)This thesis deals with the issue of travel time reliability. The study of travel time reliability emerges from the fact that in many situations, travel time is random. Many events can change the travel time forecasted by operators or expected by users. Moreover, a tradeoff may exist between time and reliability benefits when evaluating socio economic appraisal of transport infrastructure. However, since reliability is still difficult to integrate in this type of evaluation, investment projects’ collective profitability is underestimated and often postponed. Thus, three main issues of travel time reliability analysis emerge: measurement, monetary valuation and implication for cost benefit analysis. This thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter adapts the measure of travel time reliability typically used in the road transport context to the collective modes (rail and air, in particular). We also develop a new reliability measure: the Delay-at-Risk (DaR). DaR is an implementation of the Value-at-Risk (V aR) measure into the transport economic framework. The DaR seem to be relevant and understandable information for the users, especially to plan their travel and avoid missing their connections. The main objective of the second chapter is to define the users’ willingness to pay to improve travel time reliability. We present a theoretical framework based on decision theory under risk. We introduce the concept of reliability-proneness (i.e. travel time risk aversion) and prudence. We develop new measures of travel time reliability expressed as risk premium: the reliability-premium and V OR. The reliability-premium is the maximum amount of additional travel time that an individual is willing to accept to escape all the risk of travel time. The V OR is defined as the maximum monetary amount that an individual is willing to pay to escape all the risk of travel time. Furthermore, we also establish the link with attitudes towards risks of travel time (aversion and prudence) and the impact of the value of travel time (V TTS) and the value of reliability (V OR). The final chapter of this thesis integrates reliability in investments project’s socioeconomic appraisal. More particularly, it allows to determine users’ surplus valuation. We highlight a diffusion effect of reliability benefits with regard to travel time benefits. Thus, we propose recommendations regarding the tradeoff between projects that generate time benefits compared with reliability benefits, according to the monetary values of travel time(V TTS) and reliability (V OR)
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Stéphan, Maïté. "Fiabilité du temps de transport : Mesures, valorisation monétaire et intégration dans le calcul économique public." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD043/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse aborde la question de la fiabilité du temps de transport. L’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport trouve ses sources dans le fait que, dans biens des situations, le temps de transport n’est pas certain, mais aléatoire. De nombreux évènements peuvent en effet modifier le temps de transport prévu par les opérateurs ou espéré par les usagers. Par ailleurs, lors de l’évaluation socioéconomique de projets d’investissement en infrastructure de transport, il peut exister un arbitrage entre gain de temps et gain de fiabilité. Or, comme la fiabilité est encore à l’heure actuelle, difficilement intégrable dans ce type d’évaluation, ces projets d’investissement voient leur rentabilité collective sous-estimée conduisant à leurs reports. Il émerge ainsi trois problématiques majeures relatives à l’étude de la fiabilité du temps de transport : sa mesure, sa valorisation monétaire (i.e. la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport) et enfin, sa prise en compte dans les analyses coûts-avantages. Un premier chapitre permet d’adapter les mesures usuelles de la fiabilité du temps de transport appliquées dans le cadre du transport routier, aux modes de transport collectif (fer et aérien plus particulièrement). Nous proposons également une nouvelle mesure de la fiabilité, le Delay-at-Risk (DaR) inspiré de la littérature financière. Le DaR est une transposition de la mesure de la Value-at-Risk (V aR) à l’économie des transports. Cette mesure est plus utile du point de vue des usagers pour la planification des trajets avec correspondance que les autres mesures. Le deuxième chapitre a pour principal objectif de déterminer la disposition à payer des individus pour améliorer la fiabilité du temps de transport. Nous proposons un cadre théorique inspiré de la théorie de la décision en univers risqué à partir duquel nous définissons la préférence des individus à l’égard de la fiabilité (i.e. reliabilityproneness) ainsi que la prudence. Nous développons des nouvelles mesures de la fiabilité du temps de transport, exprimées comme des primes de risque : la reliability-premium et la V OR. La reliability-premium détermine le temps de transport maximum supplémentaire qu’un individu est prêt à accepter pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. La V OR, quant à elle, se définit comme la disposition maximale à payer d’un individu pour supprimer l’intégralité du risque sur le temps de transport. Par ailleurs, nous établissons également les conséquences sur la valeur du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR), de la prise en considération de l’attitude à l’égard du risque sur le temps de transport des usagers (aversion et prudence). Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse a pour objet d’intégrer la fiabilité dans les évaluations socioéconomiques de projet d’investissement et plus particulièrement dans la détermination du surplus des usagers. Nous mettons en exergue un effet de diffusion des gains de fiabilité par rapport aux gains de temps. Ainsi, nous proposons des recommandations quant à l’arbitrage entre les projets générateurs de gain de temps et de gain de fiabilité en fonction des valeurs monétaires du temps (V TTS) et de la fiabilité (V OR)This thesis deals with the issue of travel time reliability. The study of travel time reliability emerges from the fact that in many situations, travel time is random. Many events can change the travel time forecasted by operators or expected by users. Moreover, a tradeoff may exist between time and reliability benefits when evaluating socio economic appraisal of transport infrastructure. However, since reliability is still difficult to integrate in this type of evaluation, investment projects’ collective profitability is underestimated and often postponed. Thus, three main issues of travel time reliability analysis emerge: measurement, monetary valuation and implication for cost benefit analysis. This thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter adapts the measure of travel time reliability typically used in the road transport context to the collective modes (rail and air, in particular). We also develop a new reliability measure: the Delay-at-Risk (DaR). DaR is an implementation of the Value-at-Risk (V aR) measure into the transport economic framework. The DaR seem to be relevant and understandable information for the users, especially to plan their travel and avoid missing their connections. The main objective of the second chapter is to define the users’ willingness to pay to improve travel time reliability. We present a theoretical framework based on decision theory under risk. We introduce the concept of reliability-proneness (i.e. travel time risk aversion) and prudence. We develop new measures of travel time reliability expressed as risk premium: the reliability-premium and V OR. The reliability-premium is the maximum amount of additional travel time that an individual is willing to accept to escape all the risk of travel time. The V OR is defined as the maximum monetary amount that an individual is willing to pay to escape all the risk of travel time. Furthermore, we also establish the link with attitudes towards risks of travel time (aversion and prudence) and the impact of the value of travel time (V TTS) and the value of reliability (V OR). The final chapter of this thesis integrates reliability in investments project’s socioeconomic appraisal. More particularly, it allows to determine users’ surplus valuation. We highlight a diffusion effect of reliability benefits with regard to travel time benefits. Thus, we propose recommendations regarding the tradeoff between projects that generate time benefits compared with reliability benefits, according to the monetary values of travel time (V TTS) and reliability (V OR)