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1
Economos, Rebecca (Rebecca Elizabeth). "Rethinking community benefits agreements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66802.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, June 2011."June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
Across the United States, conflicts often erupt when large-scale real estate development projects are proposed and executed in low-income neighborhoods of large cities. Communities increasingly ask for benefits to offset negative impacts caused by new development. These requests often take the form of negotiated contracts called Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs). CBAs are the subject of some debate, especially as regards their effectiveness, legality, and fairness. Community groups, developers, and city officials all have different views on this topic. In this thesis, the CBA debate is examined in light of five New York City-based case studies involving controversial benefits negotiations. While CBAs can lead to greater benefits for some communities, the ad hoc nature of the agreements and the ways in which they are negotiated pose serious risks. I offer a new process for managing public benefits negotiations.
by Rebecca Economos.
M.C.P.
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Ho, William (William Hy). "Community Benefits Agreements : an evolution in public benefits negotiation processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42009.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-86).
Urban redevelopment projects involve three parties: (1) the public sector (e.g. public officials), (2) the private sector (e.g. developers), and (3) the community (e.g. residents and community groups). Traditionally, decision-making power in urban redevelopment projects resided between the public and private sectors, with little authority given to communities. The development of Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs) were a reaction to this imbalance and have helped communities gain influence in the redevelopment process. These agreements are "legally" binding contracts between a developer and community group(s) - to ensure that development projects benefit local community residents. Their creation is rooted in several decades of failed urban policies and the public learning that has taken place since Urban Renewal. CBAs first appeared in Los Angeles in 2001 and have since taken root across the country in such geographically diverse places as Denver, Milwaukee, and New York City. These agreements represent a significant evolution in collective bargaining, the ability of varied entities to come together and take a common position on a topic, and the ability of communities to secure benefits from developers. This thesis examines why these agreements came into existence, the process by which they are implemented, and how they have been employed. It will look at how these agreements have created greater overall value for all three sectors involved in publicly subsidized redevelopment projects and how to improve upon the community benefits negotiation process.
by William Ho.
M.C.P.and S.M.
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Bhattarai, Amit. "Sustainable tourism: benefits for the local community?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261218.
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Dyke, Tracy A. (Tracy Alexandra) 1973. "Evaluating the community benefits of brownfields redevelopment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9295.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-85).
Brownfields --abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination -- have garnered much attention from planners, politicians, and the media in recent years. Many brownfields are located in distressed neighborhoods, where they can lead to a downward spiral of disinvestment and declining quality of life for local residents. Policy makers and city officials hope that remediating and redeveloping brownfields will provide such public benefits including reduced health risks, jobs for local residents, revitalized neighborhoods, enhanced municipal tax bases. However, little research has been undertaken to document the actual benefits of brownfields revitalization. Those studies that have estimated the benefits of brownfields redevelopment have tended to examine projects through a narrow lens of certain economic development benchmarks, or have aggregated benefits across the nation, thus complicating project-by-project comparisons. In addition, many state policies designed to encourage brownfields redevelopment do not require a detailed evaluation of the public benefits of proposed projects. Although public funding to provide incentives for brownfields redevelopment is quite limited compared to need for project subsidies, few state brownfields programs base public funding allocations on the degree to which potential projects would provide public benefits. This research examines five brownfields redevelopment case studies, each in a different state and with a different type of redevelopment. The results from the case studies suggest that the benefits of brownfields redevelopment are indeed broader than those measured by -the traditional benchmarks. Expanding the scope of project evaluation techniques to include community-based social, environmental, and economic benefits would provide a different picture of project success than evaluations based only on metropolitan or regional level economic benefits. This thesis identifies areas where new benchmarks could be developed, and suggests how this information could inform the prioritization of projects that require public subsidies.
by Tracy A. Dyke.
M.C.P.
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Hinchley, Andrew J. "Involvement in community gardens : sustaining the benefits." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10307/.
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This study investigates the creation and management of community gardens. It explores the processes of community involvement associated with their development and the factors that influence personal involvement with a project. Relationships between place attachment and involvement are examined within this framework to.investigate common assumptions that relate feelings of attachment to pro-active behaviour. The research project was developed in collaboration with a community development organisation supporting neighbourhood regeneration in an area of Sheffield. This facilitated an in-depth field based approach encompassing participant observation, interviews and visualethnographic techniques. Investigation of three case study gardens reveals a complex framework of factors influencing involvement; incorporating relationships with place, personal values, social relationship and practical issues. The role of attachment to place is found to be important in the initiation of involvement, although differing in character from traditional concepts of place attachment. The process of community involvement is found to encourage strong feelings of place attachment among both those taking part and those simply observing. The role of this attachment in the continuation of involvement is less evident however, moderated by a range of more practical factors. The presence of a facilitating organisation in encouraging sustained involvement was a highly influential factor in the development and management of community gardens in this study. However, the consistency of support available from grant-reliant community organisations can vary and the research highlights the importance of securing long-term support mechanisms. Efficient facilitation, both at a group and neighbourhood level, is needed to ensure that the benefits community gardens provide to individuals and communities can be sustained.
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Cochrane, Phoebe. "Community involvement in woodlands : governance and social benefits." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3271.
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This study explores the social benefits resulting from community involvement in forestry in Scotland. Social benefits have been claimed and reported but a review of literature identified a need for further exploration to qualify them in nature and extent. A novel appraisal approach was also developed as part of this study to explore the context in which benefits are delivered and identify the factors and mechanisms instrumental in the delivery process. The research used a case study approach focussing on the Scottish Borders. It included a scoping phase involving semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of the forestry sector and explore the wider context in which forestry operates. This phase informed the methodological strand of the study by feeding into the development of the appraisal approach and the design of the second empirical phase in which social benefits were investigated through a detailed study of four initiatives. Qualitative and quantitative information was collected through semi-structured interviews and local surveys. The main findings relate to the nature and distribution of social benefits and an understanding of the processes by which they are delivered. For example, social capital building was found nearly exclusively amongst those with direct contact with the projects. Other benefits, such as feelings of increased belonging or connection with their area, were experienced more widely and could result from the mere knowledge of the existence of the community initiative. The governance structures and institutions involved and the nature of the local community and area were found to be important and interrelating elements in the process by which benefits are experienced. Current forestry policy supports community involvement as a rural development mechanism, and the study findings provide insight in to the circumstances under which, and manner in which, community involvement should be facilitated for maximum gain. For example, the nature of the community and levels of existing community cohesion have implications for the role of external agencies; activities and events were found to be very important in attracting people to the woods who might not otherwise visit; and the capacity for the woods to be a forum through which interests in local biodiversity, history and arts are explored and expressed was found to be valuable.
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Davis, Alice Brooks. "Innovation districts : economic development, community benefits, and the public realm." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98929.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-99).
Innovation Districts are emerging across the country as vehicles for economic development, job creation, urban revitalization, and sustainable growth. As they continue to be developed, there is a need to rethink the role of community benefits in supporting economic resiliency within the innovation ecosystem. Public innovation centers have the opportunity to bolster this environment by providing needed community space, fostering exchange within the public realm, and helping to sustain a mix of budding startups and established firms. Innovation space such as incubators, accelerators, coworking spaces, and makerspaces are not foreign to the commercial real estate market. However, when these relatively new product types collide with the idea of public space and community benefits, there is potential to create something unique. In the spirit of a community center, innovation centers offer the broader public access to the rapidly growing innovation ecosystem and startup culture, all while helping to generate new ideas, products, and-potentially-jobs.
by Alice Brooks Davis.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Michaels, Meredith. "The Therapeutic Benefits of Community Gardening| An Exploration of the Impact of Community Gardens Through the Lens of Community Psychology." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567663.
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Community psychology is a unique field of psychology that perceives individuals as linked to their context. The role of psychologist within this branch of psychology is viewed as one who is responsible for addressing the individual, as well as the social patterns and structures that adversely affect well-being. The use of community gardens as a therapeutic tool may serve as a two-fold intervention that can be used at both the individual and community levels. This doctoral project explores the therapeutic benefits of community gardening through the lens of the community psychology perspective. Framed within a community psychology perspective in which clients are inextricably linked to their social and physical context, engaging with nature through community gardening may lead to healthier client outcomes. A literature review was conducted to inform the author of current data related to the study of community gardens and their impact on mental health. The reviewed data pointed to the impact of community gardens on individual physical and mental health, and the social and physical community contexts that additionally affect mental health. Additional consultations with experts in the field were used to corroborate and extend research findings in the literature. The information collected from the current body of literature and consultations were presented as a professional presentation to mental health workers to increase their knowledge of the therapeutic benefits of community gardening. The limitations of the current body of literature, considerations for application in clinical practice, and recommendations for future areas of study were also considered.
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Clark, B. "The United States limitation on benefits clause and the European Community." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597720.
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The core of this dissertation analyses the compatibility of the limitation on benefits (LOB) clause in European Community (EC) Member State tax treaties with the United States (US) with EC law. This dissertation argues that the LOB clause is generally incompatible with the fundamental freedoms in the EC Treaty. In order to adequately remove the defects of the LOB clause, any anti-treaty shopping clause should be based on the theory of economic allegiance and should accurately assess a corporate taxpayer’s economic attachment to a contracting State. The most appropriate method to assess this economic attachment is to develop subjective economic criteria based on the theory of formulary apportionment. The LOB clause has a number of obtrusive defects in both its goal and its compatibility with the aims and objectives of a community of States such as the EC. This dissertation focuses on the question of whether the LOB clause is compatible with the fundamental freedoms of the EC Treaty. Answering this question involves considering complex legal issues in EC law such as the internal and external scope of EC law, the concept of an economic activity, the evolution of EC law and the exercise of discrimination by a non-Member State. This dissertation claims that EC law has not yet evolved to a stage where it will apply to a situation lacking a cross-border intra-Community economic activity. Consequently, a Member State may appropriately exclude certain non-active corporate residents from the benefits of its double tax treaties without infringing its obligations under the EC Treaty. This dissertation also evaluates the potential liability in damages of the Member States for concluding a tax treaty with the US that includes a LOB clause. This dissertation claims that the Member States will not be found liable for including the clause in their tax treaties due to the lack of incentive for a taxpayer to challenge the clause, and further due to the inability of a taxpayer to establish causation in any claim for damages. The LOB clause is a creature of bilateral tax treaties. The US government developed the clause in an aim to restrict treaty shopping, reduce the erosion of it tax base and preserve its balance of payments as the economic position of the US changed substantially from the 1960s to the 1980s. This significant economic change prompted the US Treasury Department to develop the LOB clause in its modern form.
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Panesar, Harpreet Kaur. "Collaboration and its Learning Benefits in a Community College STEM Education Classroom." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95049.
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Significant importance has been placed on STEM education to encourage students to enter into careers related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. United States education system is looking ways to provide a positive student-learning environment to improve student achievement, critical and rational thinking, analysis, and synthesis of information.
In higher education, the role of community colleges is undergoing a major transformation in the United States education system. Researchers place community colleges as one of the most important innovations for higher education in the 20th century. Community colleges not only provide affordable education, but also offer a wide variety of programs ranging from vocational to transfer. With the growing number of adult/ nontraditional learners across higher education, it has now become an utmost national priority to engage and retain this student population. As per the 2011 data by National Center for Education Statistics, the adult population in undergraduate courses is growing steadily over the last many years to the extent that it could overtake the numbers of the traditional students enrolled in four-year colleges and universities.
The AACC (American Association of Community Colleges) released Reclaiming the American Dream: Community Colleges and the Nation's Future, A report from the 21st Century Commission on the Future of Community Colleges in 2012 during the 21st Century Initiative to offer recommendations and ideas to promote skills that are needed for students to be successful in college, careers, and life. Later, in 2014, they released Empowering community colleges to build the nation's future to help community colleges build a stronger community of students. P21's Framework for 21st Century Learning offers 4Cs, of which collaboration is mentioned as an important pedagogical technique, an educational outcome, and a key skill in various levels of education. This guide suggests that students learn best when they are provided collaborative learning environments; student achievements are higher when they are engaged with others in their learning environments. Students collaborate by working in teams; learn content by identifying problems and finding solutions. This can not only help build content knowledge, but can also develop critical thinking and creativity. Collaboration can actually help develop the other 4Cs. By implementing this unique pedagogical mode of instruction, in the form of collaboration in biology classrooms, improved student content achievement could be seen, thus improving STEM literacy across the nation.
The purpose of this study was to explore the learning benefits of collaboration in a community college STEM classroom. The participants in this study consisted of students (n= 155) enrolled in Biology 101 or Biology 141 at Blue Ridge Community College (BRCC). A descriptive analysis of the students' assessment scores (pretest and posttest), science vocabulary familiarity scale (SVFS), and demographic surveys were conducted. Results revealed that collaborative learning approach in the community-college classroom results in changes to students' biology science content knowledge.
The results of this study have direct implications for the STEM educator within biological sciences, and in future for not only other fields of integrative STEM education, but for non-STEM courses in higher education. Collaboration enables STEM disciplines to increase opportunities for knowledge sharing and exchange, thereby increasing knowledge and competence. In other studies, researchers have found that students who worked in collaborative environments retained information much longer and deeper as compared to students who worked individually in traditional classrooms. In addition, students who studied in an active and collaborative environment scored better in cognition and psychological activities as compared to students taught in traditional classrooms. The results of this study supported that collaboration was an effective means to improve students' learning outcomes in a biology-based classroom at the community college level.PHD
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Cain, Colleen. "Value-conscious growth a case study of Pittsburgh's first Community Benefits Agreement /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041080.
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Grubb, John M., Pamela H. Scott, and Donald W. Good. "The Answer is Yes: Dual Enrollment Benefits Students at the Community College." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/286.
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Objective: The study assesses the impact of dual enrollment participation on remediation and completion for traditional first time, full-time freshmen at a community college in Northeast Tennessee. Method: This study began with the full population of 1,232 students who enrolled between 2008 and 2012 at a community college in northeast Tennessee the fall semester after finishing high school. The population was required to have American College Testing (ACT) scores, completely fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), enroll full-time as a degree-seeking student, and complete the first fall semester. Propensity score matching was utilized to eliminate self-selection bias and enable parametric comparisons using optimal matching of dual enrollment participants and non-participants while controlling for a range of covariates. Results: The analyses showed that community college students who participated in dual enrollment were (a) 9% or nearly 3.4 times less likely to take remediation, (b) 26% or nearly 2.5 times more likely to graduate in 2 years, and (c) 28% or nearly 1.5 times more likely to graduate in 3 years. Contributions: This study contributes to the literature showing that dual enrollment reduces remediation rates and assists in timely completions for community college students. Policy recommendations are to increase equitable participation, normalize dual enrollment for students academically able to do college coursework, align state terminology with the nation, and improve data for future research.
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Long, Terry Deshawn. "Executive Compensation, Firm Performance, and Net Community Benefits Within Nonprofit Urban Hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2296.
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Nonprofit hospitals are under increased pressure to maintain financial stability and compliance with Internal Revenue Service (IRS) net community benefit requirements. Boards of directors are not always confident that the compensation packages awarded to executives stimulate them to act in the organization's best interest. The principal-agent theory formed the basis of this correlational study. Archival data from National Center for Charitable Statistics, Guidestar, and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services were collected from 117 nonprofit urban hospitals for the fiscal year 2013. Regression analysis was used to determine the significance of relationships between return on assets (ROA), change in net assets (profit), and net community benefits expense and average executive compensation (AEC). ROA and profit demonstrated a significant relationship with AEC. The direction of the relationship between profit and AEC was positive while the relationship with ROA and AEC was negative. There was no significant relationship between net community benefit and AEC. The implications for positive social change include improved understand of executive compensation alignment, job creation, and IRS net community benefits expense requirements. Lawmakers may use the information to create legislation related to net community benefits expense requirements.
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Grubb, John M., Pamela H. Scott, and Donald W. Good. "The Answer Is Yes: Dual Enrollment Benefits Students at the Community College." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6008.
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Objective: The study assesses the impact of dual enrollment participation on remediation and completion for traditional first time, full-time freshmen at a community college in Northeast Tennessee. Method: This study began with the full population of 1,232 students who enrolled between 2008 and 2012 at a community college in northeast Tennessee the fall semester after finishing high school. The population was required to have American College Testing (ACT) scores, completely fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), enroll full-time as a degree-seeking student, and complete the first fall semester. Propensity score matching was utilized to eliminate self-selection bias and enable parametric comparisons using optimal matching of dual enrollment participants and non-participants while controlling for a range of covariates. Results: The analyses showed that community college students who participated in dual enrollment were (a) 9% or nearly 3.4 times less likely to take remediation, (b) 26% or nearly 2.5 times more likely to graduate in 2 years, and (c) 28% or nearly 1.5 times more likely to graduate in 3 years. Contributions: This study contributes to the literature showing that dual enrollment reduces remediation rates and assists in timely completions for community college students. Policy recommendations are to increase equitable participation, normalize dual enrollment for students academically able to do college coursework, align state terminology with the nation, and improve data for future research.
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Tait, Louise. "The potential for local community benefits from wind farms in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11991.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis was motivated by the desire to explore more equitable patterns of development in South Africa and how business could contribute to wider developmental goals. It focused specifically on the emerging wind sector in South Africa, drawing on the concept of community wind farms that have emerged in many other parts of the world such as England, Denmark and Canada.
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Mashhour, Mostafa Ali Salem. "Resident's sense of control, self-esteem and sense of community in aided self-help housing in Egypt." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367019.
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Bhagi, Savita. "EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF A COREQUISITE MODEL ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PRECALCULUS: WHO BENEFITS WHEN?" Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3718.
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With AB 705 being enforced in all California community colleges since Fall 2019, colleges have devised corequisite courses in almost all English and mathematics gateway courses. Some quantitative and qualitative studies have shown positive results of corequisite courses in English, and some math courses such as statistics, but there is limited quantitative research on the effects of the corequisite model on student academic performance in STEM math courses, like college algebra and precalculus. Many mathematics department faculty members believe that the corequisite model, especially in STEM math courses, may not work in community colleges due to the population consisting of a large number of non-traditional and under-prepared students at these institutions. This causal comparative study attempted to compare the academic performance of students from corequisite and prerequisite (traditional) types of precalculus courses after controlling for their gender, generational status, prior academic achievement (high school grade point average, HSGPA), and ethnicity. The study also investigated whether the effect of course type on precalculus course grades is moderated by students’ generational status, prior academic achievement, and ethnicity. The moderating effects of variables were studied after controlling for the other background variables. Samples for this study were taken from two California community colleges that taught precalculus courses with both models (corequisite and prerequisite) prior to Fall 2019. The data for each of the colleges were analyzed separately because of their different academic systems (semester versus quarter). Sequential multiple regression was used and variations were found in the results from the two colleges. In addition to tests of statistical significance, effect sizes (based on Cohen’s d) were calculated to measure the magnitude of the difference between groups. Statistically significant findings from College A (a pseudonym) suggest that the corequisite model of courses in precalculus impacts overall student grades in a positive way. In contrast, there was insufficient evidence based upon data from College B to conclude that corequisite precalculus courses impact course grades. Furthermore, moderating effects were found. In College A, some subgroups (such as Filipinx, Latinx, and White students, those with higher prior academic achievement, or who were first-generation college students) were found to perform better in corequisite courses than prerequisite courses, while students with lower prior achievement (based on HSGPA) performed better with the prerequisite type of courses. The results from both Colleges A and B were consistent in finding that students with lower HSGPA performed worse on average in corequisite precalculus courses. Ethnicity was found to moderate the effect of course type on precalculus course grades when the data from College B was analyzed. The results showed a medium-large effect (d= -0.65) for Latinx students who, on average, performed worse in the corequisite precalculus course as compared to the prerequisite version. However, students at College A, regardless of ethnicity, performed better on average in the corequisite classes, and the effect sizes ranged from small to medium-large across the ethnic groups. Limitations of the study, suggestions for further research, and implications for practice and policy are discussed in the following chapters.
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Uys, Cornelia Susanna. "Framework for evaluating information technology benefits in local communities." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2283.
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Thesis (DTech (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Governments of the developing world, including South Africa, have a strong commitment and resolve to accelerate the rollout of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve developmental benefits in communities. Consequently both government and the private sector are delivering a number of interventions in South Africa based on Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D). Hard evidence regarding the development benefits of ICT4D interventions is lacking and there is little agreement on measures to evaluate the benefits of such projects. One possible reason for this is that there are no established evaluation frameworks to assess the benefits. Frameworks used in ICT4D evaluation are investigated in this study to ascertain their usefulness to identify benefits of ICT4D initiatives. Sen’s Capability Approach defines development as freedom. An example of such development can be the process of providing opportunities through ICT and meaningful ways to use these opportunities to realise various benefits. Tangible benefits are simple to identify (e.g. number of people using the public access centre, or number of people finding employment). Intangible benefits include the real ‘wins’—capabilities garnered through access and meaningful use of ICT, leading to the recognition of new opportunities for the users of the public access centres. Sen’s Capability Approach is operationalised, demonstrating the inclusion of a person’s agency and conversion factors that inhibit or enhance utilisation of opportunities and choices in realising benefits. The SmartCape initiative is a 2002 ICT4D intervention established in the libraries of Cape Town, South Africa, and is used as a case in this research study. The libraries act as public access centres that provide free ICT and Internet access to library members in the community. Surveys completed by users of these centres provided useful quantitative data. A broad spectrum of qualitative data was gleaned from interviews and focus groups with users of the ICT centre at a recently established library and with focus groups from other centres in two underserved areas of Cape Town. Quantitative data analysis techniques applied to qualitative content data was used to investigate users’ diverse perceptions. An initial framework guided the analysis of data to identify the benefits realised by the users of the public access centre. Perceptions of a changed life, aspirations for a better life, and ‘hope’ emerged as intangible benefits. On the intangible side, the effect of keyboard proficiency, greater ease in finding information, and a preference for accessing the Internet at a public access centre emerged as having a significant effect on the hopefulness of PAC users. Two theme-groups were identified through using co- occurrences of themes and the statistical techniques of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The Benefits-framework, produced by this study, based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, represents the relationship between all the themes, includes emergent intangible benefits and can be used to identify the benefits of ICT4D interventions in public access centres. This study also produces empirical evidence of the developmental impact of the SmartCape ICT4D programme in Cape Town and thus provides evidence of its value.
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Blackwell, Dean. "Community and visitor benefits associated with the Otago Central Rail Trail, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1027.
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Outdoor recreation and heritage resources have the potential to provide a wide range of benefits to individuals, groups of individuals and the economy. An increased knowledge of these benefits can give recreation managers and planners a better understanding of how their actions and decisions regarding a resource may impact upon the visitors and communities that they serve. Placed within a climate of increasing public sector accountability, this information might also prove useful in justifying the allocation of scarce resources to recreation and heritage preservation. Justifying the value that recreation adds to society is an issue recognised by Benefits Based Management (BBM), a recreation management and planning framework that seeks to identify and target the positive outcomes realised by individuals, groups, local businesses and communities that result from participation in recreation and leisure. To date, recreation planners and managers have not been presented with a BBM research effort that seeks to describe and understand the visitor and community benefits associated with a rail to trail conversion. This study aimed to identify and describe benefits gained by visitors and neighbouring communities, with specific reference to the Otago Central Rail Trail (OCRT), Central Otago, New Zealand. Information was gathered from seventy-seven semi-structured interviews with visiting users of the OCRT, residents of neighbouring communities and trail managers. The results of the study indicated that community stakeholders reported benefits such as local economic development linked to visitor expenditure, heightened sense of community identity and solidarity and social contact with people from outside the local area. An additional finding was that the perceived benefits of the OCRT have reportedly had a positive influence on local people's attitudes towards the rail trail. Visitor interviews revealed that personal and social well-being benefits such as physical activity, aesthetic appreciation, sense of achievement, psychological refreshment, family togetherness and social interaction with friends and local people were outcomes of an OCRT visit. Reported visitor benefits were further linked to physical fitness and health, enhanced mood and positive mental state, leading a balanced lifestyle and stronger relationships within families and between friends. Visitors also perceived that an OCRT visit had forged a greater knowledge and awareness of railway heritage through gaining insight into railway and Central Otago history and appreciation of the engineering skills and craftsmanship associated with 19th century railway construction. Following the benefit chain of causality (Driver, 1994; Driver & Bruns, 1999; McIntosh, 1999), interview responses were linked to potential community and visitor benefits that could be realised off-site such as enhanced quality of life, community satisfaction and a greater connection with and appreciation of New Zealand's historic and cultural heritage.
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Bjarnason, David. "Rights, responsibilities and benefits, a Namibian approach to community-based natural resource management." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/MQ49316.pdf.
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Deschamps, Vincent J. "Biodiversity and social benefits in community-based forest management, the Leuser ecosystem, Indonesia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55668.pdf.
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Aldridge, Fiona. "Learning Journeys : Exploring the wider benefits of participation in adult and community learning." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520687.
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Paskell, Caroline Antonia. "Community action around youth crime, drug-use and anti-social behaviour : who benefits?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415711.
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Mella, Katherine M. (Katherine Manuela). "In sickness and in wealth : hospitals, community benefits, and the Affordable Care Act." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90211.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-79).
The new community benefit guidelines for non-profit hospitals enacted by the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) present major opportunities for the public health and planning fields alike. Given that social determinants-the economic and social conditions that affect our health-play a disproportionate role in shaping health outcomes, hospitals are in a unique position to broadly impact population health and community development by investing their benefit dollars in preventative and more meaningful activities. By updating the community benefit standard to include periodic health needs assessments with input from diverse community representatives; requiring an implementation strategy that outlines how hospitals will address identified health needs; and redesigning IRS Form 990 to include Schedule H to better capture hospitals' spending, the new guidelines have the potential to transform how hospitals allocate their community benefit resources. Massachusetts is one of several states that had implemented similar guidelines in line with the new ACA provisions. As such, this thesis focuses on Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) as a case study to better understand the impact of the Attorney General's Voluntary Guidelines on its community benefit program, and, by extension, the health of MGH's three target communities: Charlestown, Chelsea, and Revere. The case study unveiled various findings, including the importance of community engagement and capacity building; the strength of the coalition model; and the integral role of collaboration in fostering successful and sustainable programs. Given the research conducted, this thesis outlines recommendations for more nuanced and well-defined community benefit guidelines. Its discussion concludes with further research considerations and an argument for the inclusion of "health in all policies," given the countless and inter-related factors that shape our health outcomes.
by Katherine M. Mella.
M.C.P.
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Biggs, Duan. "The economics, institutions and conservation benefits of community-based avitourism in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4745.
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Chelly, Samy. "Les communautés virtuelles de support initiées par les entreprises : influence des bénéfices perçus par les membres sur leurs intentions comportementales." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0032.
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L'objectif de ce travail doctoral est de tester et d'expliquer l'influence des bénéfices que les membres perçoivent dans les communautés virtuelles de support initiées par les entreprises sur leurs intentions comportementales à l'égard de ses produits. Une étude ethnographique a d'abord été menée et a complété les enseignements tirés de la revue de littérature. Ensuite, une collecte de données quantitative a été menée sur des communautés virtuelles des éditeurs des logiciels. A l'issue des résultats de la recherche, nous avons principalement démontré que les bénéfices perçus par les membres favorisent leurs intentions de réachat et de recommandation des produits de l'entreprise sous conditions que cette dernière participe activement dans les activités de sa communauté. Par ailleurs, cette influence positive s'opère aussi à travers le sentiment communautaire du membreThe objective of this doctoral work is to test and to explain the influence of the benefits that are paid to members in virtual communities of support initiated by companies on their behavioral intentions with respect to its products. An ethnographic study was first conducted and completed the lessons learned from the literature review. Then, quantitative data collection was conducted on virtual communities of software publishers. At the end of the search results, we mainly demonstrated that the benefits received by members promote their intentions of reachat and recommendation of the products of the company under conditions that the latter actively participates in the activities of its community. Moreover, this positive influence also operates through the community feeling of the Member
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Teklu, Dawit. "The Role of Strategic Planning in Community Colleges:A Study of the Perceived Benefits of Strategic Planning in Maryland Community Colleges." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77110.
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Community colleges spend considerable amount of time and resources on strategic planning. They engage in strategic planning for a variety of reasons ranging from responding to changes in the external environment to increased expectations for accountability from external agencies such as regional accreditation agencies. While there is no shortage of evidence about the involvement of these organizations with strategic planning, very little research exists about the benefits community colleges derive from engaging in strategic planning. This dissertation explores the relationship between strategic planning and perceived institutional benefits in Maryland community colleges.Ph. D.
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Romaker, Dana Elizabeth. "Benefits of Flipped Learning for Developmental Math Students." University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1595596549929419.
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Webb, Jason N. "The advanced features of Mac OS X and their benefits to the design community /." Online version of thesis, 2003. http://homepage.mac.com/jasonwebb/thesis/.
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Mei, Anne Pieter van der. "Free movement of persons within the European Community cross-border access to public benefits /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5984.
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Wontner, Karen. "Achieving social value in public procurement through "Community Benefits" : can one size fit all?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/118020/.
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This research examines the drivers, barriers, enablers and benefits related to implementing Community Benefits (CBs) through public sector contracts. Typically, CBs include workforce and supply chain measures, community initiatives such as philanthropy or contributions to education and measures to reduce environmental impact. To date there have been few academic studies into CBs implementation. Through an in-depth cross-sectoral dyadic study of the issues faced by 29 organisations when implementing CBs, this research expands knowledge of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and socially responsible public procurement (SRPP). A multi-level conceptual model explores the relationship between external, organisational and individual level factors that influence the success of CBs implementation. The research makes a theoretical contribution by combining stakeholder theory, resource-dependence theory and the resource-based view to explain key findings. This research confirms many previous findings concerned with the drivers, barriers and enablers related to other forms of SSCM or SRPP in the literature. It extends academic knowledge by highlighting a number of novel findings, which may be specific to implementing CBs measures. Workforce measures and supply chain measures directed at including SMEs in the supply chain are most commonly employed but there is no "one size fits all" model for implementing CBs. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face more barriers than larger suppliers when providing socio-economic benefits to meet public sector requirements, particularly relating to workforce measures. Whilst many enablers have been suggested they are not always employed. By examining Community Benefits implementation through a dyadic study, this research enhances the understanding of academics and practitioners on how CBs may be maximised as a form of SRPP. Finally, this research has the capacity to positively influence future CBs implementation by providing key recommendations for policy-makers and practitioners and reporting results to participating organisations.
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Baker, Gabriela Rosalie. "Community perceptions of the barriers and benefits to local food access in Northeast Ohio." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin151213414094815.
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Maldonado, José F. "A national analysis of faculty salary and benefits in public community colleges, academic year 2003-2004." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5451/.
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This study provides a detailed description of full-time faculty salary and fringe benefits in US public community colleges by state and by 2005 Carnegie basic classification type for the academic year 2003-2004. This classification is used to analyze data from the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System (IPEDS). Further analysis clusters states into the following groupings: states with/without collective bargaining agreements, states with/without local appropriations, large megastates versus nonmegastates (using the methodology developed by Grapevine at Illinois State University), and the impact of California on the nation's salaries and fringe benefits. The analysis showed high level of variation of salaries paid by the type of community college (rural, suburban, and urban serving) in the US. The nation's average salary for full-time faculty was $52,598. Rural serving small institutions faculty salary was $18,754 or 45 % less than the nation's average. Salaries in colleges with collective bargaining agreement were higher than in colleges without collective bargaining agreements. Faculty teaching in suburban serving colleges with local taxation had the highest salaries, $61,822 within colleges with access to local support. Suburban serving multiple colleges in megastates had the highest faculty salary average, $64,540 as compared to $42,263 for rural serving colleges in non-megastates. California may be a state with a very high cost of living; however, that does not diminish the fact that community college faculty are among the highest paid faculty in the nation. Colleges with collective bargaining agreements, with local appropriations, and in megastates, tended to have better benefits packages for their faculty. This study includes recommendations for further research, including a recommendation that a quantitative statistical analysis be undertaken to show statistical significance in salaries and fringe benefits among collective and non-collective bargaining states, a study addressing the faculty and leadership challenges that community colleges will be facing soon should be done, and that a similar study be done that includes tribal colleges.
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Mathers, Adam. "Community Benefit Funds and Wind Power: A Scottish Case Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-362815.
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The Scottish government’s aim of deriving 100 per cent of the nation’s electricity from renewable sources is dependent on the utilisation of wind energy. Social barriers, however, have continued to threaten these targets. Community benefit funds have often been paraded as the most common way of improving public attitudes towards wind farms in the United Kingdom, although little empirical evidence exists to support this notion. Using the proposed Ourack wind farm, approximately three and a half miles north of Grantown-on-Spey in the Scottish Highlands, this case study, consisting of a sequential explanatory research design comprised of an initial close-ended survey followed by in-depth semi-structured interviews, sought to explore the community’s perceptions of community benefits, identify the type of fund that the community wanted, and investigate the role of such benefit provisions in altering perceptions of wind farms. The key findings indicated that the majority of participants were in favour of benefits being provided, they preferred funding to be directed towards community organisations, and approximately one third of research participants (31.6 per cent) perceived the proposed wind farm in a more positive light after considering the possible benefits the region would accrue. Furthermore, the research indicated the need for community benefits to become a standardised part of the planning process, thus reducing the likelihood of financial benefits being perceived as bribes, and allowing developers to provide greater information about any proposed benefits scheme prior to applying for planning permission. There are implications of this study for academics researching the role of community benefits in wind farm planning, and policymakers and developers for understanding the wants and needs of community members.
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Kottara, Anastasia. "Resolving the plasmid paradox : costs and benefits of horizontal gene transfer in a community context." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21545/.
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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a central evolutionary process enhancing genome diversification and rapid adaptation of species to new environmental conditions. Mobile genetic elements (MGE) facilitate genetic exchange between species through HGT by carrying accessory gene cargos encoding beneficial traits such as resistance to metals and antibiotics. MGE-mediated transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between species in natural microbial communities has contributed to the global spread of antibiotic resistance. It is therefore essential to understand the ecological drivers of the maintenance and transmission of MGEs in bacterial communities. Here I use conjugative plasmids as an example MGE to study the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of plasmids in bacterial populations and communities across a range of environments. First, I demonstrate that plasmids selected in a single-host environment evolved host specialism due to fitness trade-offs, whereas plasmids evolved in a multi-host environment could overcome this trade-off to evolve host-generalism. Secondly, I show that the costs and benefits of plasmid carriage and the long-term dynamics of the plasmid and the mercury resistance transposon it encodes varied extensively between diverse species of Pseudomonas. I next show that plasmid maintenance was facilitated by compensatory evolution to ameliorate the cost of plasmid carriage. Compensatory loci varied between species, with parallel mutations targeting different regulatory and biosynthetic pathways in each species. Lastly, I examine the effect of community structure on plasmid dynamics in simple bacterial communities. When plasmids were carried by proficient plasmid-donor species this led to higher plasmid abundance at the community-level, while in diverse communities, plasmid transmission could be impeded through the dilution effect, limiting plasmid spread. This thesis demonstrates that plasmid dynamics in bacterial communities are determined by the combination of ecological and evolutionary processes, depending on the selective environment, the structure of the bacterial community and variation among species in their proficiency to host plasmids and to undergo compensatory evolution to ameliorate their costs. These data highlight the importance of studying plasmid dynamics in a community-context.
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Kondratyeva, Anna. "Measuring inter-specific diversity. Benefits of species originality indices in community ecology and conservation biology." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0012.
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L'humanité dépend fortement de la biodiversité et des services qu'elle nous fournit. Pour prévenir la perte de biodiversité et établir des relations durables avec la nature, l'humanité doit gérer et protéger des ressources naturelles. Le problème de "what to protect" n'est pas nouveau, mais il est devenu aujourd'hui plus important que jamais et pourrait être résolu par une utilisation appropriée des mesures de la biodiversité. De nombreuses mesures de biodiversité ont été élaborées au cours des quatre dernières décennies avec l'abondance des espèces comme l'une des unités centrales. Cependant, les études en écologie et évolution nécessitent une description précise des caractéristiques des espèces pour quantifier au mieux la diversité interspécifique, car en effet les espèces ne sont pas équivalentes. Les premières mesures tenant compte des différences biologiques entre les espèces étaient fondées sur les relations phylogénétiques et les valeurs de traits des espèces. Cependant, beaucoup d'entre elles mesurent la diversité d'un ensemble d'espèces et n'indiquent pas la contribution de chaque espèce à la diversité de l'ensemble. Comme une solution à ce problème, d'autres types de mesures sont apparus au début des années 90's, comparant les espèces en fonction de ce qu'elles ont en commun, mais elles ont été mises de côté, classées à tort comme mesures de la diversité. Néanmoins, ces mesures donnent une valeur à chaque espèce et non à l'ensemble des espèces. Dans cette thèse, nous appelons ces mesures des indices d'originalité des espèces. Une espèce est originale si elle possède des valeurs de traits inhabituels par rapport à toutes les autres espèces dans une communauté ou si elle est phylogénétiquement éloignée des autres. Ainsi, les espèces les plus originales sont celles qui contribuent le plus à la diversité de cette communauté. Dans cette thèse, nous avons cherché à démontrer des avantages des mesures d'originalité, en particulier en biologie de la conservation et en écologie des communautés. Tout d'abord, nous examinons la relation entre les concepts de l'originalité, de la diversité et de la rareté des espèces et nous comparons leurs mesures associées. Poursuivant des liens théoriques entre les mesures d'originalité et de diversité, nous proposons une application pratique d'indices d’originalité en deux étapes (et à deux échelles) à un jeu de données réel des espèces végétales. Enfin, nous discutons des principaux points forts et faibles liés aux données sur les espèces, à l'échelle spatiale des études et au choix des mesures d'originalité, impliqués dans l'analyse d'originalité. Un outil prometteur, les mesures d'originalité pourraient être utilisés avec d'autres entités que des espèces, tels que les gènes ou les habitats, et donc élargir notre compréhension et la conservation de la biodiversitéHumanity strongly depends on biodiversity and services it provides. To prevent the biodiversity loss and to establish sustainable relations with nature humanity has to efficently manage and protect natural resources. The problem of “what to protect” is not new but became more important than ever and could be resolved by an appropriate use of biodiversity measures. Many indices of biodiversity have been developed in the last four decades, with species being one of the central units. However, evolutionary and ecological studies need a precise description of species’ characteristics to best quantify inter-species diversity, as species are not equivalent and exchangeable. First measures taking into account species biological differences were based on species phylogenetic relations and trait values. However, many of them measure a diversity of a set of species, and does not indicate the respective contribution of each species to the diversity of the set. To find a remedy to this issue, other type of measures appeared in early 90’s, comparing species through the shared amount of characteristics, but were put aside, erroneously classified as diversity measures too. In this thesis we refer to these measures as species originality indices. A species is original if it possesses unusual trait values compared to all others in a community or if it is distantly related with other species in a community. Thus, the most original species have the greatest contribution to the diversity of that community. In this thesis we sought to demonstrate the benefits of originality metrics, particularly in conservation biology and community ecology. First we review the relation of species originality with concepts of species’ diversity and rarity and we compare their related measures. Following theoretical links between originality and diversity measures we propose a practical application of a two-step (and two-scale) originality framework to a real plant species data. Finally, we discuss main pitfalls and advantages related to species data, spatial scale of a study and the choice of an originality measure. Future studies could use originality measures with other entities than species, such as genes or habitats, and therefore broad the extent of biodiversity assessment and conservation
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Edgmon, Kreg J. "Therapeutic Benefits of a Wilderness Therapy Program and a Therapeutic Community Program for Troubled Adolescents." DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2605.
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Wilderness therapy is increasingly seen as a viable treatment alternative for troubled youth, yet there is a noticeable dearth of research comparing the effectiveness of wilderness therapy with more traditional treatment programs. To help address this research need, this study conducted an exploratory analysis of the therapeutic benefits of a wilderness therapy program, Wilderness Quest (WQ), compared to a therapeutic community program, Life-Line (LL). The WQ and LL programs both are based on a 12- step recovery philosophy and emphasize the integral role of the family in adolescent treatment.
The study employed a qualitative methodology, beginning with an extended period of observation (approximately eight weeks) in each program. The primary data for the study came from follow-up surveys with youth and their parents which were conducted about 13-15 months after the time of enrollment. Twenty-one families were represented in the study (10 from the WQ program and 11 from the LL program).
The WQ program was perceived to be a "pivotal experience" for many youth and the most common reported benefit was increased self-confidence. The most common reported benefit for youth in the LL program was a "pivotal change" in lifestyle, with groups and one-on-one talks with staff and peers being the most beneficial. The study discussed the subtle distinction found with the short-term wilderness program being a " pivotal experience" and the long-term therapeutic community program leading to "pivotal change." The most common reported benefit for families in both programs was an increase in communication and closeness.
In the follow-up behavior assessments there were no perceived differences between WQ and LL youth in areas of family relations, school/education, and job/work. There was a slight difference in peer relations with LL youth behaviors slightly more positive than WQ youth, and there was a notable difference in substance abuse with LL youth behaviors being more positive. The data also indicated that certain post-treatment factors were related to youth progress after leaving the programs, with aftercare and association with positive peers being the most in1portant for WQ youth and program graduation and association with positive peers being the most important for LL youth. Interpretive models were developed to illustrate the developmental growth patterns of youth in the two programs.
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Dakova, Dessislava. "The benefits of a regular exercise group program in community dwelling elders with chronic stroke." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2707.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether community dwelling elders with chronic stroke who participate in a regular exercise group program demonstrate decreased fear of falls, decreased depression and improved quality of life/health status perception as compared to community dwelling elders with chronic stroke who don’t participate in such an exercise program.
Two groups of 13 English speaking community dwelling elders with chronic stroke, were selected. The first group consisted of individuals who were currently participating in the Adult Fitness Group at South Miami Hospital (SMH) and the second group consisted of former SMH patients who had not been participating in any exercise programs since discharge from the hospital.
Fall related self-efficacy was measured using the Falls-Efficacy scale (FES). Severity of depression was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale short form. Quality of life/perceived health status was assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire©.
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Higgs, Eluned R. "A screening programme for the complications of diabetes in a rural community - need, requirements and benefits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260754.
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Frankowski, Hyuma, Kate McKeown, and Joel Mulligan. "Building an International Cycling Community." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4120.
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With the increasing population and development of cities, addressing urban transportation is predicted to become a greater challenge. Cycling presents the opportunity to address urban mobility demands without the same degree of environmental, economic and social costs associated with conventional motorized transportation. The intent of this paper is to identify the commonalities and differences between cycling organisations, and what some examples of actions that take advantage of opportunities between these organisations could be. Backcasting from scientifically derived sustainability principles within the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development was used to validate our research topic. Qualitative research proceeded in four phases. Methods included: literature reviews, field visit, interviews, five-level and SWOT analyses, brainstorming and prioritisation. Research found communication and knowledge transfer within and between cycling organisations could be improved, but doing so requires leadership and resources that are usually lacking. Research also found that there is a desire to present cycling in an inspiring way, but there is a lack of expertise in doing so despite the current unprecedented increase in interest, initiatives and resource allocation related to cycling. As cycling gains more support, it will likely encourage a progressive shift throughout the entire transportation sector toward more sustainable development. This ultimately can play a significant role in moving toward a sustainable society.Please contact the authors by email.
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YOSHIDA, Toshikazu, Chika HARADA, Takuya YOSHIDA, Makoto NAKAJIMA, Hiroyuki YOSHIZAWA, Miki OZEKI, 俊和 吉田, et al. "地域住民との社会的交流が子どもの向社会的行動に及ぼす影響 : 地域からの恩恵と地域への愛着による媒介モデル." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16132.
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Hamilton, Kristin Marie. "Benefits of Community Research-Based Programming to Improve Freezing of Gait for Individuals with Parkinson Disease." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297620.
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For one week, six subjects with Parkinson Disease (PD) attended a boot camp at the Parkinson Wellness Recovery (PWR!) Gym. Each experienced a unique symptom of PD known as freezing of gait (FOG). Previous research supports task-specific exercise for improving PD symptoms; this study focuses on task-specific exercise to reduce FOG. Reducing the severity of hypokinetic and bradykinetic movement was addressed during the week through large amplitude training that was integrated into interval training during cardiovascular exercise, agility and postural control exercises, and real world environments. Five out of six subjects improved on a Freezing of Gait Assessment (FOGA) and four out of six subjects improved on the Pull Backwards Assessment. Task-specific improvement for all six individuals was achieved, with regards to typical freezing triggers-- narrow spaces, crowds, timed events, and more. These data suggest that techniques learned throughout the week can appear to be reflected into real-life. In addition, FOG specific training showed improvement in balance, a very important finidng in people that fall almost daily. Overall, specific exercise techniques assisted these six subjects in improving their quality of life, freezing severity, and postural control.
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Barriner, Lawrence II. "Growing pains : dealing with excess demand and the conflicting benefits of community gardens in Cambridge, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90089.
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Thesis: M.C.P. and S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-77).
Community gardens are one of the most popular uses of vacant space in the United States; there are likely over 6,000 operating in the country today. Although only a tiny portion of the population has ever participated in one, people applaud them for a range of benefits including community connectedness, physical activity, entrepreneurship, food production, and improved urban environments; the list of perceived benefits is effectively endless. Unfortunately, no community garden has an infinite amount of space and therefore it's likely that every garden won't provide every benefit that is attributed to community gardens broadly. This possible tension between different benefits was the impetus for this client-based thesis project. By first analyzing the history of community gardens, I identify that certain benefits are primarily associated with a particular time period in community garden history. Then, I give an overview of these benefits as they are addressed in the community garden and urban agriculture literature, categorizing them under four themes: social, physical/health, economic, and environmental. After reviewing and analyzing the literature addressing the history and potential benefits of community gardens, I offer a categorical framework through which conflicts between the benefits can be viewed. Next, I describe my primary research, a potluck focus group of community gardeners in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and discuss my findings. All parts of my research coalesce into a set of recommendations for expanding and improving community gardening (and urban agricultural practices in general) in the city of Cambridge.
by Lawrence Barriner, II.
M.C.P. and S.B.
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Taft, William G. "Affordable heritage : the benefits of preserving the historic character of affordable housing." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902462.
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The purpose of this project was to create a document which would inform readers involved with urban community development of the benefits of integrating historic preservation into their affordable housing programs. Preservation's roots in community activism are explored and compared to the community development movement. The goals of the historic preservation movement are explained as they apply to an urban context. The document also describes the achievements of preservation in ending the damage caused by urban renewal and creating a broad public appreciation of historic buildings. Development tools related to preservation are shown to be useful for urban revitalization. Readers are informed of the elements of architectural and community character which preservationists seek to save. The definition and appropriateness of several levels of preservation are discussed in terms of when they are pragmatically useful. Neighborhoods in Savannah, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and Baltimore which have used preservation to revitalize for the poor are profiled. Several single family projects performed by an Indianapolis CDC are analyzed to determine the added cost of integrating preservation into their rehab, with the result showing that added costs are low or non existent. Three multi-unit housing rehabs in Indianapolis are analyzed to determine the cost of preservation work, and these also revealed that although preservation added less than 10% to the cost of the project, it brought valuable tax credits which raised equity exceeding these costs. The effect of preservation on low-income urban neighborhoods was broken down into benefits and costs, with benefits such as increasing property values and attracting investment to the neighborhood seeming to outweigh potential costs such as increases in taxes and rents. This advantage was particularly true if a non-profit community organization targeted their development at meeting the needs of those most likely to suffer from the costs of preservation. The document closes with guidelines on how a CDC can analyze the utility and compatibility of preservation with its existing purpose and programs. The general thrust of the conclusion is that preservation is a valuable tool for upgrading low-income communities for their existing residents, as long as it is teamed with other mechanisms to meet the needs of the disadvantaged.Department of Architecture
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Amstutz, Leah R. "Determining the Benefits of Implementing a Service Learning Project in an Agriscience II Classroom." Defiance College / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=def1281535068.
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Henry, Elizabeth H. (Elizabeth Henderson). "The Relative Value and Importance of Perceived Benefits of Active Foundations of Public Community Colleges in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330623/.
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The problem of this study was the relative value and importance of perceived benefits of active foundations of public community colleges. The purposes were to identify a list of benefits; determine the importance of these benefits as perceived by presidents and foundation executive directors; assess the degree to which the level of importance of the benefits was affected by college or foundation demographics or foundation executive director characteristics; and to determine if presidents and foundation executive directors differ in their perceptions of the importance of the benefits. Survey instruments were mailed to presidents and foundation executive directors of colleges determined to have active foundations. Both instruments contained seven categories listing potential benefits to the community colleges of an active foundation. The foundation executive directors' instruments also requested college and foundation demographic data. Respondents were asked to rate the benefits according to their level of importance. Analysis of variance tests were performed to determine whether the categories of benefits were affected by any of the demographic data, when a level of significance emerged, a Scheffe' test was performed to determine the source of significance. Major findings were that the most important single benefit to the community colleges of active foundations is the provision of student scholarships. The "Public Relations/Political Influence" role of the active foundation is the most important category of benefits. The more fund-raising activities held and the greater the amount of contributions, the more positively community college administrators felt about the role of their active foundations in terms of external relations. Highly experienced foundation executive directors were more positive about the importance of the public relations role of their active foundations than were their inexperienced counterparts. The major conclusion of this study was that community colleges benefit from having active foundations, both monetarily and through the role of the foundation in enhancing the college's image.
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Campbell, Julia N. M. "New Urbanism and Brownfields Redevelopment: Complications and Public Health Benefits of Brownfield Reuse as a Community Garden." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/219.
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Brownfields have an important impact on health. They can influence physical health by increasing risk for health hazards such as the potential for injury hazards, disease transmission, or exposure to chemicals. They can also influence social health determinants like neighborhood level social capital or behavioral risk factors. Reusing brownfields for community gardens reduces environmental hazards and associated health hazards. It further promotes public health, and sustainable quality environment. Community gardens increase nutrition access, especially for many in low income populations, and community aesthetic. They also strengthen social cohesion and create recreational or therapeutic opportunities for a community, becoming part of the urban green space network. Special care must be taken to protect public health when reusing a brownfield for a community garden, like sampling for chemicals, cleaning up soil, and using protective garden designs. The overall benefit to the community is worth the initial investment required.
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Lovely, Stephanie Anne. "The Greenway Trail in Community Development: An examination of value, representation, and distribution of benefits among stakeholders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99451.
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Greenway trails, or linear community parks, are growing in popularity around the world and are increasingly prevalent in cities of all sizes in the United States. At their best, greenways can provide affordable transportation, access to jobs, safe recreation space, community building, biodiversity protection, stormwater drainage, and air and noise quality benefits. Yet, commonly, neoliberal governance and design of greenways leads to diminished social and environmental design in favor of economic development. Intentional design for social, environmental and economic stability is crucial for successful greenways, though they are often viewed as innately sustainable. Urban Political Ecology (UPE), Actor Network Theory (ANT), and Campbell's Sustainable Development are used together as lenses to better understand the greenway development process and its outcomes. This research is a case study of the Roanoke River Greenway (RRG) in Roanoke, Virginia which was conducted in attempt to discover who benefits from the greenway, in what ways, and by what means. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and mapping combined to answer research questions. Participants were eleven neighborhood residents, five greenway commissioners, and five city and regional leaders involved with the greenway. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and grouped into themes, along with map data and field notes. I combined these methods to draw conclusions that shed light on the complex system surrounding the RRG. Conclusions are (1) that residents who live near the greenway and want to use it for recreational purposes as well as the City of Roanoke and its elite class of businessowners and homeowning residents who live near the greenway benefit the most from the RRG benefit because the greenway is catered toward recreation and economic development, in form, function, and process, (2) that the system which enables these benefits and prioritizes their beneficiaries is the greenway's evolving planning process, a system both steeped in mindsets of traditional economic development and exclusive planning aesthetics and imbued with innovative approaches of connecting residents to the outdoor environment, and (3) that Roanoke's greenway movement is strong because of its popularity but is vulnerable, because there are no provisions to officially protect it for the future, in terms of maintenance, increased use, and public opinion. Implications for praxis are that communities with greenway trails should diversify the people and perspectives who have power in the planning practice, that environmental and social design should be addressed directly and consistently in greenway development and maintenance, and greater outreach efforts should be made to residents in order to make the greenways more accessible and welcoming to diverse users. Implications for research are for increased research conducted with low-income and minority residents and on microlevel social and economic impacts in neighborhoods.Doctor of Philosophy
Greenway trails, or linear community parks, grow in popularity around the world and are increasingly prevalent in cities of all sizes in the United States. At their best, greenways can provide affordable transportation, access to jobs, safe recreation space, community building, biodiversity protection, stormwater drainage, and air and noise quality benefits. Yet, commonly, neoliberal governance and design of greenways leads to diminished social and environmental design in favor of economic development. Intentional design for social, environmental and economic stability is crucial for successful greenways, though they are often viewed as innately sustainable. Urban Political Ecology (UPE), Actor Network Theory (ANT), and Campbell's Sustainable Development are used together as lenses to better understand the greenway development process and its outcomes. This research is a case study of the Roanoke River Greenway (RRG) in Roanoke, Virginia which was conducted in attempt to discover who benefits from the greenway, in what ways, and by what means. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and mapping combined to answer research questions. Participants were eleven neighborhood residents, five greenway commissioners, and five city and regional leaders involved with the greenway. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and grouped into themes, along with map data and field notes. These combined to draw conclusions that shed light on the complex system surrounding the RRG. Conclusions are (1) that residents who live near the greenway and want to use it for recreational purposes as well as the City of Roanoke and its elite class of businessowners and homeowning residents who live near the greenway benefit the most from the RRG benefit because the greenway is catered toward recreation and economic development, in form, function, and process, (2) that the system which enables these benefits and prioritizes their beneficiaries is the greenway's evolving planning process, a system both steeped in mindsets of traditional economic development and exclusive planning aesthetics and imbued with innovative approaches of connecting residents to the outdoor environment, and (3) that Roanoke's greenway movement is strong because of its popularity but is vulnerable, because there are no provisions to officially protect it for the future, in terms of maintenance, increased use, and public opinion. Implications for praxis are that communities with greenway trails should diversify the people and perspectives who have power in the planning practice, that environmental and social design should be addressed directly and consistently in greenway development and maintenance, and greater outreach efforts should be made to residents in order to make the greenways more accessible and welcoming to diverse users. Implications for research are investigations into residents who do not use the greenway, for long-term and minority residents.
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Miller, Lawrence Raymond. "Determining the Factors that Impact Enrollment in Cooperative Education at the Community College Level." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4937.
Full textAbstract:
The benefits of involvement in work-integrated learning programs, also known as cooperative education have been touted since inception in 1899. Unfortunately, little research has been published related to the factors that impact enrollment within these programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that have influenced the historically low enrollment numbers within the cooperative education program at a public community college located in the southeastern United States. Guided by Kolb's experiential learning theory, the conceptual framework provides a direct link between classroom learning and work experience. A qualitative phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of 11 cooperative education program alumni. Data were collected via a semistructured interview process using open-ended questions during focus groups. The data collected were transcribed for coding and triangulated for validation by comparing the multiple data results. Through data analysis, 3 fundamental themes emerged: recruitment, communication, and experiences. A 4th theme, website development, was highlighted within the policy development as an essential part of the initial 3 themes. The results may allow administrators to gain insight into how cooperative education enrollment numbers are being influenced by specific variables within the classroom, college, industry, community, program marketing, and program experiences. The implications for social change reach far beyond the study site. Through the determination of factors that impact enrollment numbers within a specific program, other institutions may be provided guidance in how to address the enrollment issues within the institutions' programs.
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Gibbins, Katey Marie. "Urban Farming in a Participatory Community Action Research Project in Homeless Shelters: A Feasibility Study of Therapeutic Benefits." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1556455309480967.
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