Journal articles: 'Benefits of chemistry practicals'

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Honsa, Julie D., and Deborah A. McIntyre. "ISO 17025: Practical Benefits of Implementing a Quality System." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.5.1038.

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Abstract As a laboratory certified to ISO 9001:2000 and accredited to ISO 17025, rtech laboratories has incorporated an overall system for technical and quality management, which results in benefits observed in daily laboratory practices. Technical requirements were updated to include the addition of formal personnel training plans and detailed records, method development and validation procedures, measurement of method uncertainty, and a defined equipment calibration and maintenance program. In addition, a stronger definition of the sample preparation process was documented to maintain consistency in sampling, and a more rigorous quality control monitoring program was implemented for chemistry and microbiology. Management quality improvements focused on document control to maintain consistent analytical processes, improved monitoring of supplier performance, a contract review process for documenting customer requirements, and a system for handling customer comments and complaints, with continuous improvement through corrective and preventive action procedures and audits. Quarterly management review of corrective actions, nonconforming testing, and proficiency testing aid in determining long-term trending. The practical benefits of these technical and management quality improvements are seen on a daily basis in the laboratory. Faster identification and resolution of issues regarding methods, personnel or equipment, improved customer satisfaction, meeting quality requirements of specialized customers, and overall increased laboratory business are all the result of implementing an effective quality system.

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Rahimi, Humapar Azhar, Omid Afghan, Angeela Dadwar, Valentina Nori, Mahmood Mahaly, and Hamasa Eftkhar. "Content analysis of chemistry book of eleventh school grade, from an application point of view: A case study at Professor Rasool Amin School in Kabul province." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 2, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v2i4.24.

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In this research, the application of eleventh grade chemistry book content on the daily life of students at professor Rasoon Amin school in kabul provinces has been studied. The application has been evaluatyed at two levels of social and individual bases. The research was based on the active components of William Roman's theory and the context-based approach, which based on this theory, the practical content of the book, encourages students to use it in their daily lives. The results of this study showed that the practical content of the 11th grade chemistry in daily life has confirmed to maintain the health of students with more than 80% of their answers. Recognition of natural resources using chemistry content is more than 80% in students and they feel responsibility about 80% in their lives. In addition, more than 80% of students have taken benefits of chemistry content. On the other hand, the study made it clear that whenever the subject is taught empirically and practically and the students' attention is drawn to practical activities, it can be used in all aspects of everyday’s life.

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Tolvanen, Simo, and Maija Aksela. "Utilizing microcomputer-based laboratory in inquiry-based chemistry learning." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v1i4.1098.

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In inquiry-based chemistry learning, students can seek answers to research questions by designing and implementing a laboratory work and evaluating the results. Microcomputer-based laboratory equipment that enable the drawing of graphs about the studied phenomenon in real-time, can be utilized in the practical work. In international COMBLAB project, six practical laboratory activities have been developed for chemistry education. The aim of the activities is to support the students’ ability to use their knowledge about chemistry in reasoning and develop their inquiry skills. In the development of the activities, previous research on the benefits and challenges of the use of microcomputer-based laboratory was taken into account, and the designed activities have been tested with teachers and students in five countries. The project is now half way through and seeks interested teachers for the further development of the activities.

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McGarvey, David J. "Industry-linked context-based chemistry practicals." New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i2.436.

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There is considerable evidence that the use of tangible contexts enriches the learning experience for students. In view of this, the author has developed two ‘industry-linked context-based chemistry practicals’ that illustrate the importance of core chemistry topics within commercial/industrial contexts. A common feature of the practicals is that the students work with actual commercial samples and compare their data with that published by the two companies. The principal features of the two practicals are described and contrasted with conventional practicals. Finally, the results of a student evaluation of the practicals are reported.

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Sneddon, PH, and R. Douglas. "The attitudes towards, and experiences of, laboratory teaching in Year 1 chemistry and physics university courses." New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, no. 9 (February 12, 2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i9.499.

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Our study compares the attitudes to their lab experience of students in two science subjects, Chemistry and Physics. We found this to be consistent across the disciplines. Laboratory learning is appreciated by students, as a means to develop knowledge and skills. Many of the benefits that students report are in line with the aims set out by the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) for practical teaching. This suggests that laboratory teaching in both subjects is meeting its goals and providing a valuable contribution to the education of students.

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Adelhelm, Philipp, Pascal Hartmann, Conrad L. Bender, Martin Busche, Christine Eufinger, and Juergen Janek. "From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (April 23, 2015): 1016–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.105.

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Research devoted to room temperature lithium–sulfur (Li/S8) and lithium–oxygen (Li/O2) batteries has significantly increased over the past ten years. The race to develop such cell systems is mainly motivated by the very high theoretical energy density and the abundance of sulfur and oxygen. The cell chemistry, however, is complex, and progress toward practical device development remains hampered by some fundamental key issues, which are currently being tackled by numerous approaches. Quite surprisingly, not much is known about the analogous sodium-based battery systems, although the already commercialized, high-temperature Na/S8 and Na/NiCl2 batteries suggest that a rechargeable battery based on sodium is feasible on a large scale. Moreover, the natural abundance of sodium is an attractive benefit for the development of batteries based on low cost components. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-art knowledge on lithium–sulfur and lithium–oxygen batteries and a direct comparison with the analogous sodium systems. The general properties, major benefits and challenges, recent strategies for performance improvements and general guidelines for further development are summarized and critically discussed. In general, the substitution of lithium for sodium has a strong impact on the overall properties of the cell reaction and differences in ion transport, phase stability, electrode potential, energy density, etc. can be thus expected. Whether these differences will benefit a more reversible cell chemistry is still an open question, but some of the first reports on room temperature Na/S8 and Na/O2 cells already show some exciting differences as compared to the established Li/S8 and Li/O2 systems.

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Dixon, Anne. "Practical Application of ISO Cleanroom Standards." Journal of the IEST 49, no. 1 (June 20, 2006): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.49.1.y6v045540378n315.

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The original work of ISO Technical Committee (TC) 209 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments is nearly complete. When the TC sat down in 1993 to begin developing a set of international standards, members could not have predicted all of the benefits these standards provide.

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Swaminath, Arun, Eric P. Berlin, Adam Cheifetz, Ed Hoffenberg, Jami Kinnucan, Laura Wingate, Sarah Buchanan, Nada Zmeter, and David T. Rubin. "The Role of Cannabis in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Clinical, Scientific, and Regulatory Information." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 25, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izy319.

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Abstract There is significant interest among patients and providers in using cannabis (marijuana) and its derivatives to treat a number of chronic illnesses, including inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the Schedule I classification of cannabis by the federal government, state governments have sought ways to make cannabis available for specific medical conditions, and some states have legalized cannabis outright. This white paper summarizes the preclinical data, clinical data, safety data, and the regulatory landscape as they apply to medical cannabis use in inflammatory bowel disease. Animal models of cannabinoid chemistry and physiology give evidence of anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and nociceptive-limiting properties. Human studies have found benefit in controlling symptoms and improving quality of life, but no studies have established true disease modification given the absent improvement in biomarker profiles or endoscopic healing. Finally, this review describes the legal, regulatory, and practical hurdles to studying the risks and benefits of medical cannabis in the United States. 10.1093/ibd/izy319_video1 izy319.video1 5852852028001

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Liang, Zhongxin, Hongrui Liang, Yizhan Guo, and Dong Yang. "Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside: A Natural Compound with Multiple Health Benefits." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052261.

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Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (Cy3Gal) is one of the most widespread anthocyanins that positively impacts the health of animals and humans. Since it is available from a wide range of natural sources, such as fruits (apples and berries in particular), substantial studies were performed to investigate its biosynthesis, chemical stability, natural occurrences and content, extraction methods, physiological functions, as well as potential applications. In this review, we focus on presenting the previous studies on the abovementioned aspects of Cy3Gal. As a conclusion, Cy3Gal shares a common biosynthesis pathway and analogous stability with other anthocyanins. Galactosyltransferase utilizing uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) and cyanidin as substrates is unique for Cy3Gal biosynthesis. Extraction employing different methods reveals chokeberry as the most practical natural source for mass-production of this compound. The antioxidant properties and other health effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-toxicity, cardiovascular, and nervous protective capacities, are highlighted in purified Cy3Gal and in its combination with other polyphenols. These unique properties of Cy3Gal are discussed and compared with other anthocyanins with related structure for an in-depth evaluation of its potential value as food additives or health supplement. Emphasis is laid on the description of its physiological functions confirmed via various approaches.

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Cemper-Kiesslich, Jan, Mark R. McCoy, and Fabian Kanz. "Ancient DNA and Forensics Mutual Benefits a Practical Sampling and Laboratory Guide Through a Virtual Ancient DNA Study." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 19, no. 1 (September 23, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2014191809.

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Genetic information discovered, characterized for and used in forensic case-works and anthropology has shown to be also highly useful and relevant in investigating human remains from archaeological findings. By technical means, forensic and aDNA (ancient Deoxyribonucleic acid) analyses are well suited to be done using the same laboratory infrastructures and scientific expertise referring to sampling, sample protection, sample processing, contamination control as well as requiring analogous technical know how and knowledge on reading and interpreting DNA encoded information. Forensic genetics has significantly profited from aDNA-related developments (and vice versa, of course!), especially, when it comes to the identification of unknown human remains referring to the detection limit. Additionally the tremendous developments of analyzing chemistry and kits as well as instruments in forensics opened the whole panel of reading human and nonhuman DNA for historians and archaeologists but also for anthropologists. Ancient DNA / molecular archaeology, however, is not limited to the comparatively restrictive set of information as usually employed in forensic case work analyses but can also be applied to phenotypical markers, ethno-related genotypes or pathological features.In this review the authors give a general overview on the field of ancient DNA analysis focussing of the potentials and limits, fields of application, requirements for samples, laboratory setup, reaction design and equipment as well as a brief outlook on current developments, future perspectives and potential cross links with associated scientific disciplines.Key words: Human DNA, Ancient DNA, Forensic DNA typing, Molecular archaeology, Application.

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Priya, T. Jaba, and R. Wilfred Sugumar. "Service Learning Approach to Recycling." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v9i1.5281.

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Integrating curriculum-based service learning program into chemistry courses yields many benefits for the students such as improved cognition and practical skills. Additionally the community partner benefits from both the expertise and the services of the class. This paper describes the success story of one such program conducted by students at Madras Christian College. It involves the interaction with informal recyclers and the chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste. The stakeholders of the project were the students, informal recyclers, residential population, and an NGO. The marginalized informal recyclers were brought into mainstream society through formal solid waste collection system. This approach views the recyclers as catalysts to tackle climate change instead of viewing them as a social burden. The public was taught waste segregation and collection methods. On the whole the program resulted in improving the immediate environment and saving a wetland where dumping of waste was carried out.

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Liu, Qiang, and Li-Zhu Wu. "Recent advances in visible-light-driven organic reactions." National Science Review 4, no. 3 (April 8, 2017): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx039.

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Abstract In recent years, visible-light-driven organic reactions have been experiencing a significant renaissance in response to topical interest in environmentally friendly green chemical synthesis. The transformations using inexpensive, readily available visible-light sources have come to the forefront in organic chemistry as a powerful strategy for the activation of small molecules. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the development of visible-light-driven organic reactions, including aerobic oxidation, hydrogen-evolution reactions, energy-transfer reactions and asymmetric reactions. These key research topics represent a promising strategy towards the development of practical, scalable industrial processes with great environmental benefits.

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McGarvey, David J. "Experimenting with undergraduate practicals." New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, no. 1 (February 23, 2016): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i1.361.

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In my experience the prescriptive nature of many undergraduate practicals restricts the scope for students to apply and develop their subject-specific knowledge. In addition, the nature of such practicals places limitations on their effectiveness for development of problem solving, team working and transferable skills. In recognition of this, a number of laboratory practicals in physical chemistry have been developed (some from existing traditional scripts) which feature clearly formulated and explicit objectives, but which omit detailed instructions to a greater or lesser extent. One particular aspect of these practicals is that the onus is placed on students to design a viable experimental approach in order to achieve the stated objectives and to reflect critically on their work. In this respect some of the practicals may be considered as structured mini-projects. Another implicit aspect is an attempt to encourage students to de-compartmentalise their subject knowledge (e.g. organic mechanisms in a ‘physical’ chemistry practical).The practicals have been used successfully at levels 1 and 2 during the past two years at Keele, and although the approach described has been applied to laboratory work in physical chemistry, there is no reason why it cannot be applied more generally.

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Sun, Han, Chiu-Wing Chan, Yisu Wang, Xiao Yao, Xuan Mu, Xuedong Lu, Jianhua Zhou, Zongwei Cai, and Kangning Ren. "Reliable and reusable whole polypropylene plastic microfluidic devices for a rapid, low-cost antimicrobial susceptibility test." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 17 (2019): 2915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00502a.

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Using an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) as an example, this work demonstrates a practical method to fabricate microfluidic chips entirely from polypropylene (PP) and the benefits for potential commercial use.

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Jacob, Céline, Christelle Noirot, Clémentine Anglada, and Thomas Binet. "The benefits of integrating socioeconomic dimensions of circular economy practices in the seafood sector." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 22 (August 2021): 100255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100255.

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Jandera, Pavel. "Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography — practical impacts of theoretical considerations. A review." Open Chemistry 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 844–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0036-z.

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AbstractA theory of comprehensive two-dimensional separations by liquid chromatographic techniques is overviewed. It includes heart-cutting and comprehensive two-dimensional separation modes, with attention to basic concepts of two-dimensional separations: resolution, peak capacity, efficiency, orthogonality and selectivity. Particular attention is paid to the effects of sample structure on the retention and advantages of a multi-dimensional HPLC for separation of complex samples according to structural correlations. Optimization of 2D separation systems, including correct selection of columns, flow-rate, fraction volumes and mobile phase, is discussed. Benefits of simultaneous programmed elution in both dimensions of LCxLC comprehensive separations are shown.Experimental setup, modulation of the fraction collection and transfer from the first to the second dimension, compatibility of mobile phases in comprehensive LCxLC, 2D asymmetry and shifts in retention under changing second-dimension elution conditions, are addressed. Illustrative practical examples of comprehensive LCxLC separations are shown.

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Karandish, Fatemeh. "Socioeconomic benefits of conserving Iran’s water resources through modifying agricultural practices and water management strategies." Ambio 50, no. 10 (March 23, 2021): 1824–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01534-w.

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AbstractSustainable development requires modifying the current consumption pattern of natural resources. This study investigates efficient tactics for reducing the unsustainability and inefficiency of human’s food-related blue water consumption alongside improving national environmental and socioeconomic status. As a case study for Iran, 15 alternative management scenarios (AMS) were defined compared to the current on-farm management, and their effects were assessed on a monthly scale. Based on the results, 45.5 billion m3 y−1 (BCM) blue water is consumed within the croplands, 78% and 34% of which are unsustainable and inefficient, respectively. AMCs reduces the unsustainable and inefficient blue water consumption by 2–17 BCM and 2–13 BCM, respectively. The combination of yield gap closure, drip irrigation, soil mulching, and deficit irrigation has the largest effect on blue water saving; it releases or changes the status of monthly blue water scarcity in 11 provinces; increases field-employees by 132%, food security by 9%, international food-export by 87%, and gross domestic production by 54%. However, it doesn’t fully address blue water overconsumption in the summer period; hence, further measures are needed to reduce blue water scarcity to the sustainable level in these environmental hotspots.

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Dallimer, Martin, Lindsay C. Stringer, Steven E. Orchard, Philip Osano, George Njoroge, Cheng Wen, and Patrick Gicheru. "Who uses sustainable land management practices and what are the costs and benefits? Insights from Kenya." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 9 (May 22, 2018): 2822–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3001.

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Fedorova, Olga, Viktoriya Orlovskaya, Michail Nadporojskii, and Raisa Krasikova. "Automated synthesis of the 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES): minimization of precursor amount and resulting benefits." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 12 (November 18, 2020): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0058.

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AbstractThe 16α-[18F]Fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES) is an established PET radiotracer for estrogen positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although the radiosynthesis is well-described, the majority of the published methods suffer from modest or irreproducible yields and time-intensive purification procedures. In view of the considerable clinical applications, development of a more efficient and faster synthesis of [18F]FES still remains a task of a significant practical importance. [18F]FES was produced by a direct nucleophilic radiofluorination of 3-O-methoxymethyl-16,17-O-sulfuryl-16-epiestriol (MMSE), followed by acidic hydrolysis using HCl/CH3CN. [18F]Fluoride retained on a QMA carb cartridge (46 mg) was eluted by solution of 1.2 mg of tetrabutylammonium tosylate (TBAOTs) in EtOH. After fluorination reaction (0.3 mg MMSE, 1 ml of CH3CN/100 °C, 5 min) [18F]FES was isolated by single-cartridge SPE purification using OASIS WAX 3cc, elution accomplished with aqueous ethanol of different concentrations. On а GE TRACERlab FX N Pro automated module [18F]FES (formulated in normal saline with 5% EtOH) was obtained in 33 ± 3% yield (n = 5, non-decay corrected) within 32 min. Reduction of precursor amount, exclusion of azeotropic drying step and simplification of purification make the suggested method readily adaptable to various automated synthesizers and offers significant cost decrease.

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Hughes, Diane L., Laura Y. Whitburn, Meg Colasante, Aaron C. McDonald, and Heath McGowan. "Developing anatomy demonstrations of the future: The role of team-teaching." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 17, no. 5 (December 1, 2020): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.17.5.10.

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Recent decades have seen cadaveric anatomy teaching decline and shift from traditionally team-taught practicals in large dissection laboratories to sole-taught classes in smaller laboratories. Such changes may alter teaching quality due to loss of peer teacher interactions in class. The current study aimed to compare experiences of team-taught versus sole-taught practicals in the same course across two campuses. This paper presents on the staff experiences. The study utilised educational design research methodology for an iterative approach to solving the problem of optimising cadaveric-based teaching. Classes at the metropolitan campus were team-taught (lead demonstrator, clinical demonstrator and near-peer demonstrator, n=18) and sole-taught at the regional, smaller campus (lead demonstrator only, n=5). Demonstrators completed an anonymous online survey that explored their teaching experiences and thematic analysis of survey data was conducted. Benefits of team-teaching were captured under the themes learn-observe-support, more time with students and catering for student differences. While most team-teaching staff reported no challenges, some noted the need for time to establish effective team dynamics. Sole-teaching staff reported the benefit of consistency in teaching but challenges in providing adequate support to all students. While sole-teaching facilitates consistency in teaching, team-teaching enables staff to develop teaching expertise and anatomical knowledge from interactions with a range of demonstrators during practicals. Team-teaching facilitates knowledge transfer between staff, and this holds important workforce implications for developing anatomy teachers of the future.

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Arbune, Anca-Adriana, Dana Craiu, Iulian Dan Cuciureanu, Constantin Iulian, Liliana Lacramioara Pavel, Ion Sorin Berbece, Camelia Ana Grigore, and Adriana Dulamea. "Challenges of Valproate Treatment During Pregnancy: Pros and Cons." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.2.7949.

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Valproic acid and its salt, sodium valproate, are an effective treatment for epilepsy, the most common chronic neurologic disorder worldwide. Teratogenic associations reported after embryofetal exposure has limited the recommendations of valproate use in women of childbearing age, after careful evaluation of the benefits and risks of this medication. The mechanisms of valproate damage during pregnancy are complex and incompletely clarified up to date. Maternal and fetal impact of valproate is a critical issue, standing at the base of the new consensus on practical guidelines for clinical use of antiepileptic treatment in fertile women.

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Stanta, Johannes L., Hannah Craig, Christopher Smith, and John Chappell. "Comparing singlet and duplicate immunogenicity assay in human plasma for pembrolizumab using Gyrolab®." Bioanalysis 13, no. 11 (June 2021): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0018.

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Aim: For decades, the traditional approach for ligand-binding assays has been to generate two measurements from adjacent wells on the plate. In recent years, scientists have investigated the true benefit of this ‘duplicate analysis’ by looking back at previously generated bioanalytical data with the conclusion that the benefits are negligible. Materials & methods: We demonstrated a method development approach to determine the best number of replicate measurements of an immunogenicity assay. We used an anti-pembrolizumab immunogenicity assay on Gyrolab® to challenge the traditional use of duplicate measurements as we compare it to singlet measurement and show a balanced design for assessing the cut-point in singlet. Results & conclusion: We introduced the concept of calculating the maximum drug tolerance during method development. In this method, we found no practical benefit for duplicate analysis and go further in recommending that singlet analysis should be considered the default for all ligand-binding assays.

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Underwood, Marcos, and Tony Keller. "Rectangular Control of Multi-Shaker Systems: Theory and Practical Results." Journal of the IEST 47, no. 1 (September 14, 2004): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.47.1.u8558668l644n166.

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Most current multi-shaker, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), tests are performed on the basis of a "square" arrangement, in which the number of control accelerometers equals the number of controlled exciters. However, in some cases more control accelerometers than exciters may be desirable. This arrangement is referred to as "rectangular" control. Recent advances in digital control of multi-shaker and multi-axes systems have made rectangular control an achievable, if not a simple, reality. This paper examines the theory behind this approach and also gives some practical results. Some unexpected benefits resulting from this new control approach are included.

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Gheorghita, Roxana, Liliana Anchidin-Norocel, Roxana Filip, Mihai Dimian, and Mihai Covasa. "Applications of Biopolymers for Drugs and Probiotics Delivery." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162729.

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Research regarding the use of biopolymers has been of great interest to scientists, the medical community, and the industry especially in recent years. Initially used for food applications, the special properties extended their use to the pharmaceutical and medical industries. The practical applications of natural drug encapsulation materials have emerged as a result of the benefits of the use of biopolymers as edible coatings and films in the food industry. This review highlights the use of polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical industries and as encapsulation materials for controlled drug delivery systems including probiotics, focusing on their development, various applications, and benefits. The paper provides evidence in support of research studying the use of biopolymers in the development of new drug delivery systems, explores the challenges and limitations in integrating polymer-derived materials with product delivery optimization, and examines the host biological/metabolic parameters that can be used in the development of new applications.

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Tepes, Alina, Ibon Galarraga, Anil Markandya, and María José Sanz Sánchez. "Costs and benefits of soil protection and sustainable land management practices in selected European countries: Towards multidisciplinary insights." Science of The Total Environment 756 (February 2021): 143925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143925.

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Gómez-Sagasti, María T., Mikel Anza, June Hidalgo, Unai Artetxe, Carlos Garbisu, and José M. Becerril. "Recent Trends in Sustainable Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Shooting Range Soils: Rethinking Waste Management within a Circular Economy." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040572.

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Soil metal contamination in recreational shooting ranges represents a widespread environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is the primary component of traditional ammunition, followed by metalloids such as antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). Lead-based bullets and pellets deposited on the soil surface are subject to steady weathering; hence, metal(loid)s are released and accumulated in the underlying soil, with potential adverse consequences for ecosystem function and human health. Amongst the currently available environmentally-safe technologies for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, chemical immobilization is recognized as the most practical and cost-effective one. This technology often uses inorganic and organic amendments to reduce metal mobility, bioavailability and toxicity (environmental benefits). Likewise, amendments may also promote and speed up the re-establishment of vegetation on metal-affected soils, thus facilitating the conversion of abandoned shooting ranges into public green spaces (social benefit). In line with this, the circular economy paradigm calls for a more sustainable waste management, for instance, by recycling and reusing by-products and wastes in an attempt to reduce the demand for raw materials (economic benefit). The objective of this manuscript is to present a state-of-the-art review of the different industrial and agro-food by-products and wastes used for the remediation of metal-contaminated shooting range soils.

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Yang, Zhaoxiang, Yonglin He, Shenglong Liao, Yingchao Ma, Xinglei Tao, and Yapei Wang. "Renatured hydrogel painting." Science Advances 7, no. 23 (June 2021): eabf9117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9117.

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Hydrogel coatings pave an avenue for improving the lubricity, biocompatibility, and flexibility of solid surfaces. From the viewpoint of practical applications, this work establishes a scalable method to firmly adhere hydrogel layers to diverse solid surfaces. The strategy, termed as renatured hydrogel painting (RHP), refers to adhering dehydrated xerogel to a surface with appropriate glues, followed by the formation of a hydrogel layer after rehydration of the xerogel. With the benefits of simplicity and generality, this strategy can be readily applied to different hydrogel systems, no matter what the substrate is. Hydrogel adhesion is demonstrated by its tolerance against mechanical impact with hydrodynamic shearing at 14 m/s. This method affords powerful supplements to renew the surface chemistry and physical properties of solid substrates. In addition, we show that the RHP technique can be applied to living tissue, with potential for clinical applications such as the protection of bone tissue.

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Vjunov, Aleksei, Karl C. Kharas, Vasileios Komvokis, Amy Dundee, and Bilge Yilmaz. "Practical Approaches towards NOx Emission Mitigation from Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101146.

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There appears to be consensus among the general public that curtailing harmful emissions resulting from industrial, petrochemical and transportation sectors is a common good. However, there is also a need for balancing operating expenditures for applying the required technical solutions and implementing advanced emission mitigation technologies to meet desired sustainability goals. The emission of NOx from Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units in refineries for petroleum processing is a major concern, especially for those units located in densely populated urban settings. In this work we strive to review options towards cost-efficient and pragmatic emissions mitigation using optimal amounts of precious metal while evaluating the potential benefits of typical promoter dopant packages. We demonstrate that at present catalyst development level the refinery is no longer forced to make a promoter selection based on preconceived notions regarding precious metal activity but can rather make decisions based on the best “total cost” financial impact to the operation without measurable loss of the CO/NOx emission selectivity.

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Stephens, Thomas C., and William P. Unsworth. "Consecutive Ring-Expansion Reactions for the Iterative Assembly of Medium-Sized Rings and Macrocycles." Synlett 31, no. 02 (April 12, 2019): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611500.

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Macrocycles and medium-sized rings have important applications in several scientific fields but can be challenging to make using traditional end-to-end cyclization reactions. Ring-expansion methods represent a useful alternative and offer numerous practical benefits. In this Account, we discuss the current state of the art of ring-expansion strategies that have been applied consecutively. Such methods have the power to expedite the design and synthesis of functionalized macrocycles via the selective, iterative insertion of smaller fragments into ring-enlarged products.1 Introduction2 Insertion Reactions2.1 Transamidation/Transpeptidation2.2 Transesterification2.3 Transthioesterification2.4 Aminyl Radical Cascade2.5 Iterative Synthesis of Lactones2.6 Successive Ring Expansion of β-Ketoesters and Lactams3 Pericyclic Reactions3.1 Sulfur-Mediated Rearrangements3.2 Nitrogen-Mediated Rearrangements4 Fragmentation Reactions5 Conclusions and Future Outlook

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RODE, L. M., G. H. COULTER, G. J. MEARS, and J. E. LAWSON. "BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS TO RUMINANT PRODUCTION." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-096.

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Productivity is at a maximum when the principles of chemistry and genetics allow it to proceed no further, even under ideal environmental conditions. It is often limited by current knowledge, which could be improved through research, by the antagonism between selection criteria, or by economic considerations that make additional productivity unrealistic. Emphasis on increased productivity per se should give way to or at least accommodate improved efficiency of production. Some of the areas of constraint and potential improvement as they relate to the nutritional and reproductive physiology and genetics of ruminants are discussed. For the most part, advances in the level of production will continue to be made in small increments. Radical changes in performance brought about by new technology must be tested thoroughly under practical conditions to assure that long-term deleterious effects on the ruminant population do not exceed the apparent productivity benefits in the short term. Key words: Biological constraints, ruminants, nutrition, physiology, metabolism, reproduction

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Kim, Mun Sek, Deepika, Seung Hun Lee, Min-Seop Kim, Ji-Hyun Ryu, Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Lynden A. Archer, and Won Il Cho. "Enabling reversible redox reactions in electrochemical cells using protected LiAl intermetallics as lithium metal anodes." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaax5587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax5587.

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Rechargeable electrochemical cells with metallic anodes are of increasing scientific and technological interest. The complex composition, poorly defined morphology, heterogeneous chemistry, and unpredictable mechanics of interphases formed spontaneously on the anodes are often examined but rarely controlled. Here, we couple computational studies with experimental analysis of well-defined LiAl electrodes in realistic electrochemical environments to design anodes and interphases of known composition. We compare phase behavior, Li binding energies, and activation energy barriers for adatom transport and study their effects on the electrochemical reversibility of battery cells. As an illustration of potential practical benefits of our findings, we create cells in which LiAl anodes protected by Langmuir-Blodgett MoS2 interphases are paired with 4.1 mAh cm−2 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes. These studies reveal that small- and larger-format (196 mAh, 294 Wh kg−1, and 513 Wh liter−1) cells based on protected LiAl anodes exhibit high reversibility and support stable Li migration during recharge of the cells.

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Chemock, Richard S. "Application of an image management system in microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1052–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129899.

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One of the most common tasks in a typical analysis lab is the recording of images. Many analytical techniques (TEM, SEM, and metallography for example) produce images as their primary output. Until recently, the most common method of recording images was by using film. Current PS/2R systems offer very large capacity data storage devices and high resolution displays, making it practical to work with analytical images on PS/2s, thereby sidestepping the traditional film and darkroom steps. This change in operational mode offers many benefits: cost savings, throughput, archiving and searching capabilities as well as direct incorporation of the image data into reports.The conventional way to record images involves film, either sheet film (with its associated wet chemistry) for TEM or PolaroidR film for SEM and light microscopy. Although film is inconvenient, it does have the highest quality of all available image recording techniques. The fine grained film used for TEM has a resolution that would exceed a 4096x4096x16 bit digital image.

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Leliveld. "From Science to Practice: A Review of Laterality Research on Ungulate Livestock." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091157.

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In functional laterality research, most ungulate livestock species have until recently been mainly overlooked. However, there are many scientific and practical benefits of studying laterality in ungulate livestock. As social, precocial and domestic species, they may offer insight into the mechanisms involved in the ontogeny and phylogeny of functional laterality and help to better understand the role of laterality in animal welfare. Until now, most studies on ungulate livestock have focused on motor laterality, but interest in other lateralized functions, e.g., cognition and emotions, is growing. Increasingly more studies are also focused on associations with age, sex, personality, health, stress, production and performance. Although the full potential of research on laterality in ungulate livestock is not yet exploited, findings have already shed new light on central issues in cognitive and emotional processing and laid the basis for potentially useful applications in future practice, e.g., stress reduction during human-animal interactions and improved assessments of health, production and welfare. Future research would benefit from further integration of basic laterality methodology (e.g., testing for individual preferences) and applied ethological approaches (e.g., established emotionality tests), which would not only improve our understanding of functional laterality but also benefit the assessment of animal welfare.

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Cheruiyot, Ronoh Obadiah, Peter Waswa Nyongesa, and Lusweti Kituyi. "Influence of Teaching Resources in Chemistry Practicals on Performance in Chemistry Subject." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 05, no. 02 (2021): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2021.5225.

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Maria Vakkilainen, Kirsi, and Päivi Forsström. "Experiences from iPad use at Olari School and High School and in chemistry education." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v1i4.1100.

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In autumn 2011, a pilot project was launched at Olari School and High School the aim of which was to implement and utilize tablets in high school education and evaluation. Apple iPads were chosen as the used tablets. At first, few teachers and the principal were in charge of the pilot project and eventually the project expanded and in spring 2013 there were 90 tablets for student use and every teacher had one’s personal tablet. The impact of tablets on learning and pedagogical solutions has been significant. The positive aspects of iPad use include their portability and use potential during for example excursions and school trips. They serve as good tools in project work due to the simplicity of information search and data saving. Also, photos of teaching and practical laboratory work, for example, can be saved using iPad. Occasionally, the limitations to wireless network and other technical difficulties have discouraged the users. For teachers, the utilization of iPads has meant that plenty of extra time has been consumed on education and development of new practices. The cost of applications limits their accessibility on shared tablets. For now, there are so few Finnish-language applets for the teaching of different subjects that their benefits are not necessarily significant. However, the biggest challenge is the lack of time. In chemistry teaching, iPads have been used in several ways. Different programs and applications have been used in projects, essays, and reporting on laboratory work. Electronic Fronter learning platform can be used with iPads, also microcomputer-based laboratory equipment by Pasco can be connected to iPad while, for example, measuring pH.

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Wijkmark, Cecilia Hammar, Maria Monika Metallinou, and Ilona Heldal. "Remote Virtual Simulation for Incident Commanders—Cognitive Aspects." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 6434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146434.

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Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, on-site Incident Commander (IC) practical training and examinations in Sweden were canceled as of March 2020. The graduation of one IC class was, however, conducted through Remote Virtual Simulation (RVS), the first such examination to our current knowledge. This paper presents the necessary enablers for setting up RVS and its influence on cognitive aspects of assessing practical competences. Data were gathered through observations, questionnaires, and interviews from students and instructors, using action-case research methodology. The results show the potential of RVS for supporting higher cognitive processes, such as recognition, comprehension, problem solving, decision making, and allowed students to demonstrate whether they had achieved the required learning objectives. Other reported benefits were the value of not gathering people (imposed by the pandemic), experiencing new, challenging incident scenarios, increased motivation for applying RVS based training both for students and instructors, and reduced traveling (corresponding to 15,400 km for a class). While further research is needed for defining how to integrate RVS in practical training and assessment for IC education and for increased generalizability, this research pinpoints current benefits and limitations, in relation to the cognitive aspects and in comparison, to previous examination formats.

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Mewis, Ruth. "Staff and student opinions of the inclusion of practical work in higher education chemistry courses in England: What are the perceived objectives and outcomes?" New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i7.466.

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Practical work is seen as an essential part of science courses. However, practical work is very resource intensive and in the current HE environment, in which academics will inevitably find themselves teaching more students with fewer resources, it is important to justify the cost in terms of educational benefit and so the objectives must be clear.This report describes the results of a survey of students undertaking chemistry undergraduate courses and staff in Higher Education chemistry departments in England. These surveys aimed to ascertain the range of practical work being carried out, alongside staff and student opinions of practical work. It also examined the reasons why practical work is included in undergraduate courses and what students take away from participating.

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Liu, Jian-Long, Bo Jiang, and Guo-Zhi Han. "Recent Developments on Noble Metal Based Microparticles for Their Applications in Organic Catalysis." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 8 (June 23, 2020): 855–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200427080644.

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Noble metal microparticles have been employed as desired catalysts for a number of classical organic chemical reactions due to their unique physicochemical properties. Currently, in order to obtain more benefits for practical applications such as low cost, easy separation and high selectivity, many efforts of scientists are devoted to constructing composite microparticles in which noble metals are coupled with other materials. In this paper, we summarize some recent research developments on noble metal based microparticles for their catalytic applications in organic synthesis. Among them, application of the gold and silver based microparticles is the focus of this paper for their relatively low cost and the diversity of preparation methods. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of noble metal based microparticles for their applications in organic catalysis are also discussed.

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Parkin, S. R. "Practical hints and tips for solution of pseudo-merohedric twins: three case studies." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205698902100342x.

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Twinning by pseudo-merohedry is a common phenomenon in small-molecule crystallography. In cases where twin-component volume fractions are markedly different, structure solution is often no more difficult than for non-twinned structures of similar complexity. When twin-component volume fractions are similar, however, structure solution can be much more of a problem. This paper presents hints and tips for such cases by means of three worked examples. The first example presents the most common (and simplest) case of a two-component pseudo-orthorhombic twin. The second example describes structure solution of a reticular threefold pseudo-hexagonal twin that benefits from use of an unconventional space-group setting. The third example covers structure solution of a reticular fourfold pseudo-tetragonal twin. All three structures are ultimately shown to be monoclinic crystals that twin as a consequence of unit-cell metrics that mimic those of higher symmetry crystal systems.

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Field, John. "David Tabor. 23 October 1913 — 26 November 2005." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 54 (January 2008): 425–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2007.0031.

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David Tabor died in Cambridge on 26 November 2005. At the time of his death he was Emeritus Professor of Physics and an EmeritusFellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He was a humane and gentle man, yet despite his modesty he was a formidable and respectedscientist. With Philip Bowden (FRS 1948), he laid the foundation for understanding friction and lubrication and the way in which contactingsurfaces interact. Both Bowden and Tabor had great physical insight and were empiricists who favoured the most direct and simple approach toproblems. They built up a research group that was interdisciplinary and motivated to basic research but with a flair to see the practical advantages of their research to industry. As individuals they would both have achieved much, but the way in which they integrated produced anexceptional ‘team’. There are many examples of the benefits of their collaboration. Their research started in Cambridge; during theWorld War II period they ran a laboratory in Melbourne, Australia, with both returning to Cambridge after the war. Initially, they were part ofthe Chemistry Department but left Physical Chemistry to become part of the Department of Physics in 1957, when Nevill Mott FRS was Head of Department. After Bowden's death in 1968, Tabor became Head of the Physics and Chemistry of Solids (PCS) Group as it was called, and remained Head until he retired in 1981. Tabor continued as an Emeritus Professor and researcher. In 1992, a new group (Polymers and Colloids) was founded and worked in the ‘Tabor Laboratory’. A visiting Professorship at Imperial College, London, continued and papers were produced up to 1998. He was, indeed, a scientist of great originality and versatility.

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HEIDBUCHEL, P., G. ENGELBOSCH, M. SMET, and A. NEYENS. "Long-term Practicals in Chemistry in the First-cycle Engineering Curriculum." European Journal of Engineering Education 15, no. 2 (January 1990): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043799008939472.

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Voicu, Andrei Daniel, Anton Hadar, and Daniel Vlascean. "Improving the Mechanical Behavior of a Helicopter Tail Rotor Blade Through the Use of Polyurethane Foams." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 4123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7716.

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The tail rotor blade represents a very important component in the structure of any helicopter, being subjected to many aerodynamic loads. The integrity of this component is essential for maintaining flight safety and improving its characteristics can increase the overall performance of the helicopter. Thus, in some cases, some improvements can be made to the structure, in order to reduce the weight of the component and to improve its mechanical properties and its reliability in flight. The current paper presents a comparative result analysis in the study of the tail rotor blade of the IAR 330 helicopter, where the honeycomb hexagonal core made of aluminum alloy is replaced with a full structural core made of polyurethane foam. The result of the analysis is of practical importance, because it shows the benefits of using polymers in the construction of helicopter rotor blades and similar structures.

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Jabeen, Farkhanda, and Muhammad Tanveer Afzal. "EFFECT OF SIMULATED CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL." Journal of Education and Educational Development 7, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v7i1.2600.

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<p><em>The study was conducted to compare the performance of students working in chemistry laboratory with those working in chemistry laboratory supplemented with simulations at secondary school level. The focus of the study was to find out the effectiveness of laboratory work supplemented with simulation on the performance of students. The study was experimental in nature and posttest only control group design was used. Qualitative data is collected by means of interview of chemistry teachers. Quantitative data was also collected and analyzed. The sample comprised of 118 (60 males and 58 female) students and (02) Chemistry teachers of class IX of Public schools of Peshawar. The control group worked in the Chemistry laboratory under normal condition whereas experimental group performed practicals with the help of simulated software. At the end of the treatment practical examination was conducted on the pattern of Peshawar Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (PBISE). The scores of both control and experimental groups were compared in three main areas i.e. written, viva voce and notebook. For the sake of comparison of control group and experimental group independent sample t-test was used. The result of t-test indicates that there is a significant difference between the performance of control and experimental groups with large effect size. The qualitative data was collected by means of interview which indicated that both the interviewees were motivated and showed keen interest in the simulated software. Both the respondents confirmed that the use of simulated software results in better understanding of concepts in students but at the same time both interviewees reported that it seems difficult to apply the simulated software in our system of Education. The performance of the students of experimental groups showed improvement, results in the rejection of hypotheses that there is no significant difference between the performance of students taught by conventional demonstration in laboratory and laboratory work facilitated with simulation. If proper physical facilities were available simulated software is the solutions of many problems faced by students and teachers in Chemistry laboratories. </em></p>

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Gliszczyńska, Anna, and Marta Nowaczyk. "Lipid Formulations and Bioconjugation Strategies for Indomethacin Therapeutic Advances." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061576.

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Indomethacin (IND) is a drug which after successful clinical trials became available for general prescription in 1965 and from that time is one of the most widely used anti-inflammatory drug with the highest potencies in the in vitro and in vivo models. However, despite its high therapeutic efficacy in relieving the symptoms of certain arthritis and in treating gout or collagen diseases, administration of IND causes a number of adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal ulceration, frequent central nervous system disorders and renal toxicity. These obstacles significantly limit the practical applications of IND and make that 10–20% of patients discontinue its use. Therefore, during the last three decades many attempts have been made to design novel formulations of IND aimed to increase its therapeutic benefits minimizing its adverse effects. In this review we summarize pharmacological information about IND and analyze its new lipid formulations and lipid bioconjugates as well as discuss their efficacy and potential application.

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Almásy, László, Dorina Creanga, Claudia Nadejde, László Rosta, Ekaterina Pomjakushina, and Manuela Ursache-Oprisan. "Wet milling versus co-precipitation in magnetite ferrofluid preparation." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, no. 3 (2015): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc140313053a.

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Various uses of ferrofluids for technical applications continuously raise the interest in improvement and optimization of preparation methods. This paper deals with preparation of finely granulated magnetite particles coated with oleic acid in hydrocarbon suspensions following either chemical co-precipitation from iron salt precursors or wet milling of micron size magnetite powder with the goal to compare the benefits and disadvantages of each method. Microstructural measurements showed that both methods gave similar magnetite particle size of 10-15 nm. Higher saturation magnetization was achieved for the wet-milled magnetite suspension compared to relatively rapid co-precipitation synthesis. Different efficacies of ferrophase incorporation into kerosene could be related to the different mechanisms of oleic acid bonding to nanoparticle surface. The comparative data show that wet milling represents a practicable alternative to the traditional co-precipitation since despite of longer processing time, chemicals impact on environment can be avoided as well as the remnant water in the final product.

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Bar-Cohen, Y. "Artificial muscles based on electroactive polymers as an enabling tool in biomimetics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 10 (September 30, 2007): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes510.

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Evolution has resolved many of nature's challenges leading to working and lasting solutions that employ principles of physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, materials science, and many other fields of science and engineering. Nature's inventions have always inspired human achievements leading to effective materials, structures, tools, mechanisms, processes, algorithms, methods, systems, and many other benefits. Some of the technologies that have emerged include artificial intelligence, artificial vision, and artificial muscles, where the latter is the moniker for electroactive polymers (EAPs). To take advantage of these materials and make them practical actuators, efforts are made worldwide to develop capabilities that are critical to the field infrastructure. Researchers are developing analytical model and comprehensive understanding of EAP materials response mechanism as well as effective processing and characterization techniques. The field is still in its emerging state and robust materials are still not readily available; however, in recent years, significant progress has been made and commercial products have already started to appear. In the current paper, the state-of-the-art and challenges to artificial muscles as well as their potential application to biomimetic mechanisms and devices are described and discussed.

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Casasso and Sethi. "Groundwater-Related Issues of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Systems: Assessment, Good Practices and Proposals from the European Experience." Water 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081573.

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Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) gained increasing interest owing to benefits such as low heating and cooling costs, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and no pollutant emissions on site. However, GSHPs may have various possible interactions with underground and groundwater, which, despite the extremely rare occurrence of relevant damages, has raised concerns on their sustainability. Possible criticalities for their installation are (hydro)geological features (artesian aquifers, swelling or soluble layers, landslide-prone areas), human activities (mines, quarries, landfills, contaminated sites), and groundwater quality. Thermal alterations due to the operation of GSHPs may have an impact on groundwater chemistry and on the efficiency of neighboring installations. So far, scientific studies excluded appraisable geochemical alterations within typical ranges of GSHPs (±6 K on the initial groundwater temperature); such alterations, however, may occur for aquifer thermal energy storage over 40 °C. Thermal interferences among neighboring installations may be severe in urban areas with a high plant density, thus highlighting the need for their proper management. These issues are presented here and framed from a groundwater quality protection perspective, providing the basis for a discussion on critical aspects to be tackled in the planning, authorization, installation, and operation phase. GSHPs turn out to be safe and sustainable if care is taken in such phases, and the best available techniques are adopted.

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Yu, Wen-Kai, and Yi-Ming Liu. "Single-Pixel Imaging with Origami Pattern Construction." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235135.

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Single-pixel compressive imaging can recover images from fewer measurements, offering many benefits especially for the imaging modalities where array detection is unavailable. However, the widely used random projections fail to explore internal relations between coding patterns and image reconstruction. Here, we propose a single-pixel imaging method based on a deterministic origami pattern construction that can lead to a more accurate pattern ordering sequence and better imaging quality. It can decrease the sampling ratio, closer to the upper bounds. The experimental realization of this approach is a big step forward towards practical applications.

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Lee, Chulmin, Yesol Kang, Dong-Ho Kim, and In S. Kim. "Practical Considerations of Wastewater–Seawater Integrated Reverse Osmosis: Design Constraint by Boron Removal." Membranes 11, no. 4 (March 28, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040240.

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The wastewater–seawater (WW-SW) integrated reverse osmosis (RO) process has gained much attention in and out of academia due to its energy saving capability, economic benefits, and sustainability. The other advantage of this process is to reduce boron concentration in the RO permeate that can exclude the post-treatment process. However, there are multiple design constraints regarding boron removal that restrict process design in the WW-SW integrated system. In this study, uncertainties in design factors of the WW-SW integrated system in consideration of boron removal have been explored. In comprehensive consideration of the blending ratio of between WW and SW, regulatory water quality standard, specific energy consumption (SEC), specific water cost, and RO recovery rate, a range of 15,000~20,000 mg/L feed turned out to be the most appropriate. Furthermore, boron rejection tests with SWRO (seawater reverse osmosis) and BWRO (brackish water reverse osmosis) membranes under actual WW-SW integration found a critical reduction in boron rejection at less than 20 bar of operating pressure. These findings emphasize the importance of caution in the use of BWRO membranes in the WW-SW integrated RO system.

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Lertsarawut, Pattra, Thitirat Rattanawongwiboon, Theeranan Tangthong, Sakchai Laksee, Tanagorn Kwamman, Butri Phuttharak, Phayao Romruensukharom, Phiriyatorn Suwanmala, and Kasinee Hemvichian. "Starch-Based Super Water Absorbent: A Promising and Sustainable Way to Increase Survival Rate of Trees Planted in Arid Areas." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081314.

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This research aimed to scale up the production of starch-based super water absorbent (SWA) and to validate the practical benefits of SWA for agricultural applications. SWA was successfully prepared in an up-scaling production by radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto cassava starch. Chemical characterization by FTIR and thermal characterization by TGA showed results that differentiated starting materials from the prepared SWA, thus confirming effective preparation of starch-based SWA via radiation-induced graft polymerization. SEM results visibly revealed a highly porous morphology of the synthesized SWA, substantiating its high swelling ability. Results from the field tests, performed for two seasons, revealed that the prepared SWA was able to increase the survival rate of young rubber trees planted in arid area by up to 40%, while simultaneously enhancing the growth characteristics of the young rubber trees.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Benefits of chemistry practicals'

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