Academic literature on the topic 'Benefits; Social security systems'

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Journal articles on the topic "Benefits; Social security systems"

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Garbiec, Roman. "Construction of a Sustainable Social Security System in Poland." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 3 (2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.43.3002.

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The paper is about the construction of a sustainable social security system in Poland which is an attempt to define the types of changes that are required for the improvement of this system at the beginning of the 21st century. Optimization of the system should be understood as economic equity and obligatory application of axioms of commonship and unification. In order to construct a valid social security system, it is necessary to define the following factors: a catalog of social risks, a method of benefit funding and parameters of the benefits to be paid. Any structurally and financially sus
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van Oorschot, Wim, and Paul Henman. "Book Reviews: Introduction to Social Security: Policies, Benefits and Poverty, E-business Utilisation in European Social Security Systems." European Journal of Social Security 2, no. 2 (2000): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1010067308818.

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LE GARREC, GILLES. "Social security, income inequality and growth." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 11, no. 1 (2011): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000229.

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AbstractIn most industrial countries, public pension systems redistribute from workers to retired people, not from high-income to low-income earners. They are close actuarial fairness. However, they are not all equivalent. In particular, some pension benefits are linked to full lifetime average earnings, while others are only linked to partial earnings history. In the latter case, we then show in this article that an actuarially fair pay-as-you-go pension system can both reduce lifetime income inequality and enhance economic growth. We also shed light on the dilemma between inequality and econ
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Cabo, Francisco, and Ana García-González. "THE ENDOGENOUS DETERMINATION OF RETIREMENT AGE AND SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 1 (2012): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000296.

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An aging population in modern societies has put stress on public pension systems. To prevent social security deficits from increasing to unbounded levels of public debt we focus on two policies: reducing the generosity of pension benefits, determined by the government, and postponing the effective retirement age, chosen by employees. An atomistic employee would disregard the effect of his retirement decision on the public debt and would retire as soon as possible. Conversely, an ideal farsighted agency considering all current and future employees would postpone retirement, thereby alleviating
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Lebedeva, L. F. "THE PROBLEMS OF PENSION SYSTEMS MODERNIZATION AT THE SECOND–THIRD DECADES (IN US)." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-5-15.

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The article examines the transformation of US social security trust funds in view of pension benefits guarantees. It is pointed out main approaches to solving the growing gap between the volume of payroll taxes and outlays for each year. According to the Social Security Board of Trustees, the asset reserves are expected to be exhausted in the fourth decade of the current century and future retirees could face problems with retirement benefits. Meanwhile, it’s an important point of each candidate’s agenda before presidential elections. One of the approaches for keeping the financial stability o
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McLaughlin, Eithne. "Work and Welfare Benefits: Social Security, Employment and Unemployment in the 1990s." Journal of Social Policy 20, no. 4 (1991): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400019772.

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ABSTRACTThis paper considers social security policy and structures in relation to the labour market of the late 1980s and 1990s. The paper begins by describing the labour market of the late 1980s and summarising projective descriptions of labour demand in the 1990s. The second section of the paper reports on recent research examining the labour supply behaviour of long term unemployed people, drawing out the role of social security policy and structures therein. The third section of the paper concludes that the role of social security policy is at present essentially reactive rather than proac
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Griffiths, Rita. "For better or for worse: does the UK means-tested social security system encourage partnership dissolution?" Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 28, no. 1 (2020): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15674459946100.

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Unemployed and low-income couples entitled to means-tested benefits are known to have higher rates of separation and divorce than couples in which one or both partners are in regular, paid work. However, how and why unemployment and benefit receipt increases the risk of partnership dissolution remains the subject of much debate. In recent policy discourse, financial differentials in benefit entitlement between lone and couple parents are said to encourage intact couples to separate. Based on in-depth, face-to-face interviews with a group of low-income mothers who had been partnered prior to cl
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SKINNER, CHRISTINE, DANIEL R. MEYER, KAY COOK, and MICHAEL FLETCHER. "Child Maintenance and Social Security Interactions: the Poverty Reduction Effects in Model Lone Parent Families across Four Countries." Journal of Social Policy 46, no. 3 (2016): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279416000763.

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AbstractIn most developed countries, children in lone parent families face a high risk of poverty. A partial solution commonly sought in English-speaking nations is to increase the amounts of private child maintenance paid by the other parent. However, where lone parent families are in receipt of social assistance benefits, some countries hold back a portion of the child maintenance to reduce public expenditures. This partial ‘pass-through’ treats child maintenance as a substitute for cash benefits which conceivably neutralises its poverty reduction potential. Such neutralising effects are not
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Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver. "An attachment and behavioral systems perspective on social support." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 26, no. 1 (2009): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407509105518.

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In this article we explain how attachment theory characterizes the seeking, receipt, and provision of social support. In the first section, we explain attachment theory's perspective on support-seeking (or attachment behavior) and support-provision (or caregiving behavior). In the second section, we discuss what has been learned about attachment-style differences in perceived support, seeking support, and providing support. In the third section, we consider the empirically documented psychological benefits of receiving support, which we summarize in terms of a broaden-and-build cycle of attach
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Lacko, Miloš. "Cross-border Coordination in the Field of Family Benefits." Societas et Iurisprudentia 9, no. 2 (2021): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1339-5467/2021/9/2/86-113.

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The exercise of freedom of movement within the European Union Member States also requires interventions in the national social security systems, the organization and exercise of which fall within the exclusive competence of the Member States. In order to fully exercise, in particular, the freedom of movement of persons, in particular persons engaged in gainful employment, it is necessary to lay down in the Union law procedures for resolving conflicts in the provision of family benefits. Collisions in the granting of family benefits generally arise when a person enjoying the free movement of pe
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Benefits; Social security systems"

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Reyes, Carlos. "European portability rules for social security benefits and their effects on the national social security systems." SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1726/1/document.pdf.

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Timonen, Virpi. "In defence of the welfare state? : social policy restructuring in Finland and Sweden in the 1990s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368128.

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Bredenkamp, Caryn. "Falling through the cracks : income security and the South African social security system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52269.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on the extent to which the South African social security system succeeds in providing protection in the vulnerable periods of the life-cycle and against the major contingencies of unemployment, disability and disease. Through a detailed examination of the different social insurance and assistance programmes, it isolates which particular population segments (by occupation, income quintile and race group) "fall through the cracks" in the provision of income security. It does not look only at the articulat
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Barcelón, Cobedo Susana. "The Compatibility Between Salary and Benefits of the Social Security System. The Projection of Compatibility with the so-called Basic Income." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118716.

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The following article aims to give an overview about the compatibility between the social security benefits provided by the State, which are free and are not conditional to the development of an activity, with the salary, which has its Foundation, inescapably, in the development of an activity, either of labour, civil service or professional nature. To do this, the author will attempt to make a transition between the radical incompatibility that seems to exist between the two concepts towards a possible compatibility through certain mechanisms of adjustment.<br>El presente artículo pretende br
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Wiid, Yvette. "An evaluation of the parametric amendments of legislation relating to the distribution of retirement benefits upon divorce." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7286_1363774406.

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<p>This thesis will examine the effects of divorce on the benefit payable to a member of a retirement fund, where divorce has occurred before the member has reached retirement age. In&nbsp<br>particular, parametric (that is, piecemeal) amendments to the relevant legislation will be analysed in order to outline the development of the legislation relating to divorce and the consequent distribution of&nbsp<br>assets (including retirement savings). The previous and current legal position in South Africa relating to divorce and retirement savings will be set out and critically analysed to determine
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Vágnerová, Pavlína. "Daňové a pojistné systémy ve vybraných státech EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262363.

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The aim of this master thesis is the comparison of selected elements of the tax and social security systems in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Germany, which are related to employees and employers and it is counted with them in model examples, then evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of employees´ migration under the structure of posting between the Czech Republic and other countries and finally the comparison of employees´ incomes after receiving benefits from social security system of each country (especially old age pension and parental allowance). In the first part of the
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Teles, Graciele Pinheiro. "O princípio da irredutibilidade do valor dos benefícios no regime geral de previdência social." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8097.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Graciele Pinheiro Teles.pdf: 379725 bytes, checksum: 4a736cfd5df3e9faf4fe87751debe003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16<br>This study discusses the irreducibility principle of the value of social security benefits. The steep and long historical process of acknowledgement and spread of human rights ends up providing a constitutional status to them. Social rights are fundamental and require the State intervention to support individual and social needs. Social security is a basic right which aims at safeguarding
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Carvalho, Maria de Lourdes Nunes. "Benefícios previdenciários e desenvolvimento socioeconômico: a experiência dos municípios do Maranhão a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2013. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1486.

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Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-23T21:23:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaNunesCarvalho.pdf: 2262222 bytes, checksum: e8a575c927d9726aab5a62238b43275f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T21:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaNunesCarvalho.pdf: 2262222 bytes, checksum: e8a575c927d9726aab5a62238b43275f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15<br>The pension benefits of pensions of the General Welfare, paid according to the precepts of the Constitution of 1988 the population residing in the counties of Maranhão point to their significant participation
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Gepp, John Neville. "A pensão por morte no regime geral da previdência social e o ordenamento jurídico comparado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8552.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 John Neville Gepp.pdf: 703147 bytes, checksum: 8256c51cfdd0b98aee8293dcee92de55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14<br>The scope of this dissertation is to study the social security pension for death benefits within the Brazilian Social Security s General Regime in comparison with the foreign system. For a better comprehension of the subject, we approached the concept of social security and its historical evaluation. After this preliminary examination, we made a few considerations about the social security u
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Daza, Aramayo Lourdes Gabriela. "Sociální zabezpečení v některých státech Latinské ameriky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4472.

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This thesis has aims to acquaint the reader with Latin American Social Security systems. For this end, 7 Latin American countries have been chosen. Henceforth, the different Social Security systems operating in these countries are described. It is a comparative analysis, describing the similarities and differences among them. Is necessary to emphasize that this paper does not only provide current information of the different Social Security systems, but also statistical information, which is considered as essential to the context of the economic, demographic and social environments in which ar
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Books on the topic "Benefits; Social security systems"

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Kollmann, Geoffrey. Social security: Taxing benefits. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Major Issues System, 1985.

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Kollmann, Geoffrey. Social security: The relationship of taxes and benefits. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Kollmann, Geoffrey. Social security: The effect of economic variations on benefits. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Kollmann, Geoffrey. Social security: The relationship of taxes and benefits for future retirees. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 1987.

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Biggs, Andrew G. Alternative methods of price indexing social security: Implications for benefits and system financing. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Relations, Great Britain Department of Social Security International. Tables of social benefit systems in the European Communities: (position at 1 January 1989). Department of Social Security, 1989.

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Kollmann, Geoffrey. Social security: Proposed repeal of 1993 provision that increased taxation of benefits. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1995.

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Kollmann, Geoffrey. Social security: Issues in taxing benefits under current law and under proposals to tax a greater share of benefits. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1989.

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Great Britain. Social Security Advisory Committee. In work - out of work: The role of incentivesand disincentives in the benefits system. BA Publishing, 1994.

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McNally & co. [from old catalog] Rand. Non-means tested benefits: The legislation. Sweet & Maxwell, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Benefits; Social security systems"

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Serau Junior, Marco Aurélio, and José Ricardo Caetano Costa. "An Introduction to Brazil’s Social Security System." In Assistance Benefits in Brazil. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27046-3_1.

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Turner, John A., Gerard Hughes, Agnieszka Chłoń-Domińczak, and David M. Rajnes. "Longevity Insurance Benefits for Social Security: International Experience." In Economic Challenges of Pension Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37912-4_9.

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Melin, Pauline. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Belgium." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_3.

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Abstract Access to social benefits in Belgium is not conditional upon nationality but rather on periods of insurance to the Belgian social security system. Despite the lack of nationality conditions, a number of social benefits are made conditional upon residence of the beneficiary in Belgium. Consequently, even though the Belgian social security system appears, at first sight, as neutral regarding the migration trajectory of its beneficiaries, it might be more difficult for migrants to access, retain and export social security benefits from Belgium when compared to resident nationals. This chapter thus compares the conditions of access to social benefits for nationals and non-nationals residing in Belgium, as well as Belgian citizens residing abroad. It aims to analyse whether migration decisions impact access to and retention of social security benefits. More particularly, the analysis focuses on access to unemployment benefits, healthcare, old-age pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum income. Finally, this chapter also questions whether access to social benefits might have a consequence for the residence status of non-nationals in Belgium.
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Kuhn, Fabienne, Andreas Spichiger, and Reinhard Riedl. "Sensor Data Meets Social Networks Reflecting on Benefits in the Case of a Patient Room." In Availability, Reliability, and Security in Information Systems and HCI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40511-2_1.

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Koldinská, Kristina. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in the Czech Republic." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_7.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the Czech social security system from the perspective of migrant workers and their families. The Czech Republic is a central European country whose population is quite homogeneous, so its migration policy is not a very welcoming one. Access to social security benefits for third-country nationals is connected to long-term residence. EU citizens have equal access to social benefits as Czech nationals. The chapter explains basic characteristics of the Czech social protection system (unemployment benefits, health care system, pension insurance, family benefits and social assistance benefits), with a special emphasis on accessibility for migrant workers and their families.
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Ahlén, Anton, and Joakim Palme. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Sweden." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_28.

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Abstract While the Swedish welfare state has undergone an intensified market orientation and a number of cutbacks since 1990, it has maintained many of its universal characteristics. It still provides all residents with a rather extensive system of benefits from the cradle to the grave. This chapter contributes to a systematic and detailed analysis of eligibility criteria and conditions for accessing social benefits in five core policy areas of the Swedish social security system. As universalism continues to be a cornerstone of the Swedish welfare state, nationality or the immigration status of a person does not condition his/her entitlement to social security benefits. More recently, however, a political debate has emerged regarding immigration and the welfare system, both in terms of the benefit system being a magnet that attracts migrants and concerning the capacity of the system to cope with large-scale immigration. By discussing the main features of the Swedish welfare regime and key patterns and policy developments in the field of migration, the chapter seeks to account for recent developments, trends and directions in the access to social protection for residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.
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Juhász, Gábor. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Hungary." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_14.

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Abstract Given the recent salience of anti-immigrant propaganda and politics in Hungary, the inclusiveness of the Hungarian social legislation towards individuals in a situation of international mobility is a particularly relevant topic. The first section of this chapter gives an overview of the Hungarian welfare system and the main migration feature in the country. The second section closely examines differences in terms of access of nationals and non-nationals to social security benefits. The third section demonstrates that, despite negative public attitude to migration and anti-migration government measures, the Hungarian social legislation is not particularly restrictive concerning migrants’ entitlement to social security benefits. We conclude that it is probably due to the filtering effect of contributory benefits that dominate the Hungarian welfare system and prevent gaining access to the most essential benefits without work. At the same time, the chapter identifies several obstacles that foreign (and particularly non-EU) residents face when trying to access social security benefits in Hungary.
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Kamenska, Anhelita, and Jekaterina Tumule. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Latvia." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_17.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the link between migration and welfare in Latvia. In general, the Latvian social security system may be described as a mixture of elements taken from the basic security (where eligibility is based on contributions or residency, and flat-rate benefits are provided) and corporatist (with eligibility based on labour force participation and earnings-related benefits) models. The country has experienced significant social policy and migration-related changed during the past decades. This chapter focuses on the current Latvian legislation, by closely examining the differential access to social protection benefits of resident nationals, foreigners living in Latvia and Latvian citizens residing abroad across five core policy areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and social assistance. Our results show that the Latvian social security benefits are generally based on the principle of employment, social insurance contributions, and permanent residence. Most of the social benefits and services are available to socially insured permanent residents. At the same time, the state offers minimum protection to non-insured permanent residents. Foreigners with temporary residence permits who are not socially insured are the least socially protected group.
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Minteguiaga, Analía, and Valerie Carmel. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Ecuador." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_6.

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AbstractFormal labour and affiliation to Ecuador’s social security system is the main gateway for access to social protection benefits, especially in the case of migrants. However, a large informal labour market and low levels on inclusion in the social security system forces large sectors of society to rely on family and community arrangements for the management of risk and economic uncertainty. The state provides some non-contributory benefits through cash transfer programs but, with the exception of health care, these only cover people living in conditions of extreme poverty. Universal, non-means tested programs are limited to the public health and education systems. Overall, migrants face several obstacles to access social protection benefits. Gaining the right to work legally is mostly reserved for white-collar and highly educated immigrants, excluding impoverished immigrants. Paired to the inability to access labour-related benefits and government programs for the so-called poor, immigrants lack the safety nets provided by extended family and a community setting. Nationals residing abroad have restricted access to social benefits, having access only to the contributory pension system on a voluntary basis. This chapter discusses the social protection system in Ecuador and focuses on eligibility criteria to show the extent of migrants’ access to the social benefits.
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Pellissery, Sony, Saloni Jain, and Geo Varghese. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in India." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_8.

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AbstractIndia has a segmented social protection system. About 92% of workers in India are in unorganised sector, deprived of formal social security provisions. Those who are in formal sector receive very generous social protection arrangements close to that of welfare states in Europe, primarily influenced by the colonial legacy. Those in the informal sector primarily meet their social security needs from their disposable income. With expansive private welfare providers, the rich segment in the informal segment is able to afford this. Indian unskilled migrants, mainly in the Gulf region, have a range of benefits that are primarily to meet the civil rights, rather than social rights. Compared to this, Indian migrants in Western Europe and the Americas mainly benefit from the social security system in those countries. On the other hand, foreigners coming to India have limited social security arrangements. Since 2000, India has entered into bilateral agreements with several countries, which also recognise a new category of workers called ‘international workers’. These workers have their social security benefits primarily protected as in source country.
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Conference papers on the topic "Benefits; Social security systems"

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Lu, Jing, Jianhua Wang, and Yang Liu. "The appraisal of Shenzhen marine traffic security's social benefits." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gsis.2009.5408181.

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Forbes, Dave, and Kirsty Walker. "Operational Benefits of an Integrated QHSE and Sustainable Development Management System: A Case Study from the UK." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179292-ms.

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Islam, Mazharul, A. K. M. Sadrul Islam, and M. Ruhul Amin. "Small-Scale Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems for the Remote Communities of the Developing Countries." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50068.

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About 2 billion people of the world, mostly in rural areas of the developing countries, do not have access to grid-based electricity. The most critical factor affecting their livelihoods is access to clean, affordable and reliable energy services for household and productive uses. Under this backdrop, renewable and readily available energy from the nature can be incorporated in several proven renewable energy technology (RET) systems and can play a significant role in meeting crucial energy needs in these remote far flung areas. RETs are ideal as distributed energy source and they can be incor
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ZAWOJSKA, Aldona. "THE PROS AND CONS OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.158.

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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has generated a great deal of attention and controversy among research community, practitioners and the wider population. The aim of this study is to overview and to discuss the thoughts and comments on the CAP which have been addressed by both its proponents and its opponents in the scientific publications, political commentaries, official reports, pubic opinion surveys and social-media-based public forums. While on the one hand, recent public opinion poll (Eurobarometer 2016) indicated broad support among EU citizens for the CAP; on
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Stafford, Frank P. "Social Benefits of IVHS Systems." In Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/901506.

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Li, Yi, and Zhu Xihua. "Short Analysis of the stakeholders’ benefit and satisfaction about Rural Land Share Cooperatives of the Southern Jiangsu Province." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ztfm2175.

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The agricultural land around Shanghai is famous for its huge population and intensive cultivation. With the expansion of the metropolis, a large number of agricultural people have entered the city to work, and rural land has been abandoned1,2. In 2009, Kunshan City implemented a land transfer system, and 99% of the cultivated land was packaged for large scale farmers, and initially realized large‐scale operation3 . However, the large‐scale business model has gradually experienced problems such as predatory management, ecological destruction, and no sense of social responsibility. Through the e
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Cap, Constant. "The Importance of Participation and Inclusion in African Urbanization. A focused look at Transport and Housing Projects." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dmcz6151.

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Abstract:
According to the World Bank (2015) Africa’s urbanization rate has surpassed other parts of the world. It is believed that by 2030, over 50% of Africans will reside in Urban Centres. Kenya is among the African counties that has experienced a tremendous increase in her urban population. This is most visible in the capital, the primate city of Nairobi. The growth has led to increased pressure on basic needs like housing, transport, water, education and security. Coupled with unequal economic development and social benefits, the result has been the tremendous expansion of informal sectors across f
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Pearson, Gavin, Richard Smith, Howard Tripp, and Olwen Worthington. "A systems approach to achieving the benefits of open and modular systems." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Raja Suresh. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2176564.

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Drahosova, Martina, and Peter Balco. "The Benefits and Risks of Enterprise Social Networks." In 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incos.2016.76.

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Nagy, Jan, and Peter Pecho. "Social Networks Security." In 2009 Third International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/securware.2009.56.

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Reports on the topic "Benefits; Social security systems"

1

Biggs, Andrew, Jeffrey Brown, and Glenn Springstead. Alternative Methods of Price Indexing Social Security: Implications for Benefits and System Financing. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11406.

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Coile, Courtney, Peter Diamond, Jonathan Gruber, and Alain Jousten. Delays in Claiming Social Security Benefits. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7318.

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Weinzierl, Matthew. Seesaws and Social Security Benefits Indexing. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20671.

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Feldstein, Martin. Should Social Security Benefits Increase with Age? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2200.

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Geanakoplos, John, and Stephen Zeldes. Market Valuation of Accrued Social Security Benefits. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15170.

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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. Social Security Benefits of Immigrants and U.S. Born. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6478.

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Feldstein, Martin, and Andrew Samwick. The Economics of Prefunding Social Security and Medicare Benefits. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6055.

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Bernheim, B. Douglas. Social Security Benefits: An Empirical Study of Expectations and Realizations. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2257.

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Borella, Margherita, Mariacristina De Nardi, and Fang Yang. The Effects of Marriage-Related Taxes and Social Security Benefits. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23972.

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Hurd, Michael, and David Wise. Changing Social Security Survivorship Benefits and the Poverty of Widows. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3843.

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