Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Benefits; Social security systems / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Benefits; Social security systems.

Journal articles on the topic 'Benefits; Social security systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Benefits; Social security systems.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Garbiec, Roman. "Construction of a Sustainable Social Security System in Poland." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 3 (2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.43.3002.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper is about the construction of a sustainable social security system in Poland which is an attempt to define the types of changes that are required for the improvement of this system at the beginning of the 21st century. Optimization of the system should be understood as economic equity and obligatory application of axioms of commonship and unification. In order to construct a valid social security system, it is necessary to define the following factors: a catalog of social risks, a method of benefit funding and parameters of the benefits to be paid. Any structurally and financially sus

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

van Oorschot, Wim, and Paul Henman. "Book Reviews: Introduction to Social Security: Policies, Benefits and Poverty, E-business Utilisation in European Social Security Systems." European Journal of Social Security 2, no. 2 (2000): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1010067308818.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

LE GARREC, GILLES. "Social security, income inequality and growth." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 11, no. 1 (2011): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747211000229.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn most industrial countries, public pension systems redistribute from workers to retired people, not from high-income to low-income earners. They are close actuarial fairness. However, they are not all equivalent. In particular, some pension benefits are linked to full lifetime average earnings, while others are only linked to partial earnings history. In the latter case, we then show in this article that an actuarially fair pay-as-you-go pension system can both reduce lifetime income inequality and enhance economic growth. We also shed light on the dilemma between inequality and econ

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Cabo, Francisco, and Ana García-González. "THE ENDOGENOUS DETERMINATION OF RETIREMENT AGE AND SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 1 (2012): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000296.

Full text

Abstract:

An aging population in modern societies has put stress on public pension systems. To prevent social security deficits from increasing to unbounded levels of public debt we focus on two policies: reducing the generosity of pension benefits, determined by the government, and postponing the effective retirement age, chosen by employees. An atomistic employee would disregard the effect of his retirement decision on the public debt and would retire as soon as possible. Conversely, an ideal farsighted agency considering all current and future employees would postpone retirement, thereby alleviating

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lebedeva, L. F. "THE PROBLEMS OF PENSION SYSTEMS MODERNIZATION AT THE SECOND–THIRD DECADES (IN US)." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-5-15.

Full text

Abstract:

The article examines the transformation of US social security trust funds in view of pension benefits guarantees. It is pointed out main approaches to solving the growing gap between the volume of payroll taxes and outlays for each year. According to the Social Security Board of Trustees, the asset reserves are expected to be exhausted in the fourth decade of the current century and future retirees could face problems with retirement benefits. Meanwhile, it’s an important point of each candidate’s agenda before presidential elections. One of the approaches for keeping the financial stability o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

McLaughlin, Eithne. "Work and Welfare Benefits: Social Security, Employment and Unemployment in the 1990s." Journal of Social Policy 20, no. 4 (1991): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400019772.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis paper considers social security policy and structures in relation to the labour market of the late 1980s and 1990s. The paper begins by describing the labour market of the late 1980s and summarising projective descriptions of labour demand in the 1990s. The second section of the paper reports on recent research examining the labour supply behaviour of long term unemployed people, drawing out the role of social security policy and structures therein. The third section of the paper concludes that the role of social security policy is at present essentially reactive rather than proac

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Griffiths, Rita. "For better or for worse: does the UK means-tested social security system encourage partnership dissolution?" Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 28, no. 1 (2020): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15674459946100.

Full text

Abstract:

Unemployed and low-income couples entitled to means-tested benefits are known to have higher rates of separation and divorce than couples in which one or both partners are in regular, paid work. However, how and why unemployment and benefit receipt increases the risk of partnership dissolution remains the subject of much debate. In recent policy discourse, financial differentials in benefit entitlement between lone and couple parents are said to encourage intact couples to separate. Based on in-depth, face-to-face interviews with a group of low-income mothers who had been partnered prior to cl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

SKINNER, CHRISTINE, DANIEL R. MEYER, KAY COOK, and MICHAEL FLETCHER. "Child Maintenance and Social Security Interactions: the Poverty Reduction Effects in Model Lone Parent Families across Four Countries." Journal of Social Policy 46, no. 3 (2016): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279416000763.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn most developed countries, children in lone parent families face a high risk of poverty. A partial solution commonly sought in English-speaking nations is to increase the amounts of private child maintenance paid by the other parent. However, where lone parent families are in receipt of social assistance benefits, some countries hold back a portion of the child maintenance to reduce public expenditures. This partial ‘pass-through’ treats child maintenance as a substitute for cash benefits which conceivably neutralises its poverty reduction potential. Such neutralising effects are not

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver. "An attachment and behavioral systems perspective on social support." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 26, no. 1 (2009): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407509105518.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article we explain how attachment theory characterizes the seeking, receipt, and provision of social support. In the first section, we explain attachment theory's perspective on support-seeking (or attachment behavior) and support-provision (or caregiving behavior). In the second section, we discuss what has been learned about attachment-style differences in perceived support, seeking support, and providing support. In the third section, we consider the empirically documented psychological benefits of receiving support, which we summarize in terms of a broaden-and-build cycle of attach

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lacko, Miloš. "Cross-border Coordination in the Field of Family Benefits." Societas et Iurisprudentia 9, no. 2 (2021): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1339-5467/2021/9/2/86-113.

Full text

Abstract:

The exercise of freedom of movement within the European Union Member States also requires interventions in the national social security systems, the organization and exercise of which fall within the exclusive competence of the Member States. In order to fully exercise, in particular, the freedom of movement of persons, in particular persons engaged in gainful employment, it is necessary to lay down in the Union law procedures for resolving conflicts in the provision of family benefits. Collisions in the granting of family benefits generally arise when a person enjoying the free movement of pe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Haberman, S. "Long-term sickness and invalidity benefits: Forecasting and other actuarial problems." Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 114, no. 3 (1987): 467–550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020268100019181.

Full text

Abstract:

It is proposed to discuss the actuarial problems associated with the management of long-term sickness and invalidity benefits. The emphasis is on benefits provided by social security schemes (with particular reference to National Insurance benefit in the UK), but the main points are relevant to private sector benefits including permanent health insurance (PHI).The plan of the paper is as follows. We describe in Section 2 the nature of long-term invalidity benefit provided by the British social security system and then consider in Section 3 the problems associated with defining disability. A di

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Verschueren, Herwig. "The role and limits of European social security coordination in guaranteeing migrants social benefits." European Journal of Social Security 22, no. 4 (2020): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262720967938.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines whether the EU social security coordination Regulations 883/2004 and 987/2009 contribute or fail to contribute to the EU policy objective of guaranteeing adequate social protection and fighting against poverty as set by Article 9 TFEU. Even if this coordination system does not directly interfere with the social protection systems of the Member States, it plays an important role in preventing persons who use the right to free movement within the EU from ending up in a situation in which they would lose entitlement to social benefits because of their migration. In analysing

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Shkreli Axhemi, Arlinda, and Gert Dragoshi. "The Problem of Social Protection in Albania." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 1 (2013): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2013-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to analyze the social protection system in Albania during the last two decades. It highlights some of the problems and issues which are closely associated with elements of social security, as a phenomenon that focuses on finding solutions or solving the problems in social security systems in Albania. Of great importance are the changes in the social security legislation in recent years, which led to a new structure of the social insurance market in Albanian society. Also discussed are the types of benefits offered by our social insurance system. Our country occupies a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Knell, Markus. "THE RETURN ON SOCIAL SECURITY WITH INCREASING LONGEVITY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 2 (2016): 462–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515000589.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper I study the impact of increasing longevity on pay-as-you-go pension systems. First, I show that increasing longevity increases the internal rate of return. The size of the effect differs for different policy regimes. It is higher for the case where the retirement age is increased to keep the system in balance than for the case where the necessary adjustment is achieved by reducing pension benefits. Second, I study optimally chosen retirement decisions and I show that the socially optimal policy involves a shorter working life than the private optimum. The social optimum can be im

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Botelho, Vinícius, Raquel Maria Soares Freitas, and Alberto Beltrame. "Economizando mais de R$ 85 bilhões ao Regime Geral de Previdência Social do Brasil: o caso do PRBI." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 6 (2020): 1729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220190093.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Since 2016, the number of recipients of incapacity allowance in Brazil has been continuously falling. This article presents the program of incapacity benefits assessment (PRBI) to help understand the dynamics around incapacity allowance and similar benefits. The study shows that the PRBI can save more than R$ 85 billion of the budget allocated to social security in the country.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

MANDZHIEVA, SVETLANA. "ON SOME PRINCIPLES DEFINING INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY STANDARDS." Gaps in Russian Legislation 14, no. 3 (2021): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2021-14-3-313-319.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the research. In the legal literature, there is no unified approach to the concept and content of the principles that determine the essence of international norms of social security. This article analyzes various international social security standards with a view to identifying the basic principles that underlie them. Results. Analysis of the main international standards in the field of social security made it possible to highlight such principles in international social security law as the principle of general responsibility of the state for the establishment, functioning and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Zolotarova, Nataliia, Hennadii Shevchuk, and Andrii Shevarikhin. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (2018): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-116-119.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the article is to analyse the foreign experience of the social security system of law enforcement personnel, to distinguish the features of establishing the rates and types of remuneration for law enforcement personnel in foreign countries, to determine the interrelation between the standard of social security and work experience and professional competencies. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of the social security system for law enforcement officials. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of the social security system for law enforcement officials in Ukr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Moore, Kyle, Teresa Ghilarducci, and Anthony Webb. "The Inequitable Effects of Raising the Retirement Age on Blacks and Low-Wage Workers." Review of Black Political Economy 46, no. 1 (2019): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644619843529.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing the Social Security Full Retirement Age (FRA) adversely affects all workers because an increase is equivalent to an across-the-board cut in benefits. Raising the FRA leaves workers with two bad choices: working longer or living on reduced monthly benefits for the rest of their lives. Working longer further penalizes Blacks and low-wage workers because they are unlikely to live long enough to recoup payments foregone as a result of delayed claiming. Instead of cutting Social Security benefits, retirement policy makers should update and modernize the 401(k) and IRA systems to provide

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

KAWIŃSKI, MARCIN, DARIUSZ STAŃKO, and JOANNA RUTECKA. "Protection mechanisms in the old-age pension systems of the CEE countries." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 11, no. 4 (2012): 581–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474721200008x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSince 1990s, substantial changes in the role of the state in the social security schemes can be observed in the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). While the general framework of social benefits in the CEE countries is still defined by the state, more and more often the task of provision of social security is transferred to the private entities. Such privatization of social policy makes the need for protection mechanism and some state guarantees even stronger. It is still the state that is responsible for the final outcome of social security systems so that is why govern

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Essers, Ger, and Frans Pennings. "Gaps in social security protection of mobile persons: Options for filling these gaps." European Journal of Social Security 22, no. 2 (2020): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262720925279.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of crossing borders can be advantageous or disadvantageous for the persons concerned; these are all part of the game and cannot be challenged on the basis of EU law. After all, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) does not provide powers for harmonisation, but only for coordination. However, the coordination rules themselves may make a person worse off when he or she makes use of the right to free movement. More precisely, such an effect may occur in combination with differences between national systems to which coordination rules are applied. One example is t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Gashami, Jean Pierre Guy, Christian Fernando Libaque-Saenz, and Younghoon Chang. "Social-media-based risk communication for data co-security on the cloud." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 3 (2019): 442–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2019-0131.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Cloud computing has disrupted the information technology (IT) industry. Associated benefits such as flexibility, payment on an on-demand basis and the lack of no need for IT staff are among the reasons for its adoption. However, these services represent not only benefits to users but also threats, with cybersecurity issues being the biggest roadblock to cloud computing success. Although ensuring data security on the cloud has been the responsibility of providers, these threats seem to be unavoidable. In such circumstances, both providers and users have to coordinate efforts to minimize

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Erhag, Thomas. "Legal Aspects of Cross-Border Rehabilitation to Work." European Journal of Social Security 7, no. 2 (2005): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270500700203.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes the legal situation of European migrant workers who are in need of rehabilitation. For the sick or disabled migrant worker, living in one country and having his/her workplace in another, rehabilitation often raises complicated issues which have to be solved by an equally complex framework of legal rules. In this article, Sweden-Norway is used as a cross-border example to illustrate the problems faced by an insured person and by the social security administration during rehabilitation. The legal problems are basically attributable to differences between social security syst

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Chakuzira, Wellington, and Armstrong Kadyamatimba. "The perceived benefits and barriers to the application of mobile and social networking technologies in Higher Learning Institutions." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (2017): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.04.

Full text

Abstract:

This research investigated on the perceived benefits and barriers to the application of mobile and social networking technologies in South African Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs). A quantitative orientation was used in carrying out the study through self-administered questionnaires and a descriptive quantitative method of analysis was applied. The research population consisted of some students and lecturers from University of Venda (Univen) and University of Limpopo (UL). The research results showed that indeed HLIs in South Africa enjoy some benefits using mobile and social networking tec

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fetzer, Stefan, and Stefan Moog. "Indicators for Measuring Intergenerational Fairness of Social Security Systems—The Case of the German Social Health Insurance." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105743.

Full text

Abstract:

The issue of fiscal sustainability is often labelled as a synonym for intergenerational fairness; however, pay-as-you-go schemes such as the German Social Health Insurance (SHI) involve a “natural” amount of intergenerational redistribution from younger net payers to older net beneficiaries. We calculate intertemporal balance sheets of SHI and compare two generational accounting approaches (GAC and GAIB) with an alternative measure of intergenerational fairness, SM, which we derive from Settergren and Mikula (2005). Our results indicate that the SM concept leads to similar implications concern

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zuanazzi, Pedro Tonon, Adelar Fochezatto, and Marcos Vinicio Wink Junior. "Social Security Reform and Personal Saving: Evidence from Brazil." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 9 (2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p26.

Full text

Abstract:

The population aging process has caused a financial imbalance in the social security systems of countries based on pay as you go system, as is the case in Brazil. To face this challenge, the Brazilian governments have undertaken several reforms since the 1988 Constitution. Confronting the life cycle hypothesis, the aim of this paper is to estimate the causal effects of Social Security Reforms on the Likelihood of Saving in Brazil by exploring two exogenous events, the 41th (of 2003) and 47th (of 2005) Constitutional Amendments, that reduced the expectations of benefits only for public servants

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Millar, Jane, and Peter Whiteford. "Timing it right or timing it wrong: how should income-tested benefits deal with changes in circumstances? : Winner ‐ 2019 Best Paper Prize of the Foundation for International Studies on Social Security (FISS) sponsored by the Journal of Poverty and Social Justice." Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 28, no. 1 (2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15723525915871.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the challenges in designing income-tested benefits for people of working age. This is particularly difficult in the context of changing patterns of work and volatility in earnings and income. Matching benefits to needs requires timely assessment and payment. We compare the treatment of timing issues in the working-age welfare systems of the United Kingdom and Australia. The article discusses how these different but similar systems deal with the timing of income receipt and benefit adjustment, problems of overpayment and debt, and draws out some lessons for the design of i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Corujo, Borja Suárez. "The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security." European Journal of Social Security 19, no. 4 (2017): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262717745751.

Full text

Abstract:

This article aims to shed light on one crucial aspect of the ‘gig’ economy: the extent to which the new forms of work in this field undermine the pillars upon which traditional Bismarckian systems of social security have been built. Focusing on Spain, three main issues are analysed. First, after considering the legal classification of this type of service provision and its implications, the scheme within the social security system that corresponds to the registration of the service providers is identified. Second, how registration and subsequent social security contributions affect the generos

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sydorchuk, Orystlava. "MULTILATERALITY OF UKRAINE'S SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM." Economic discourse, no. 1 (March 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-1-10.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. Ensuring social security at the level of an individual, society or state is a central concept of activity of all branches of government in Ukraine, as it is a guarantee of public perception of the activities of public institutions and successful implementation of reforms. The lack of stability in Ukrainian society is particularly relevant to the task of ensuring multi-level social security and encourages the deepening and development of organizational and managerial principles of its regulation. Methods. The dialectical method of scientific cognition, complex, systematic, logical

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Clasen, Jochen, and Wim Van Oorschot. "Changing Principles in European Social Security." European Journal of Social Security 4, no. 2 (2002): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020520321533.

Full text

Abstract:

The provision of social security benefits rests on normative principles of social justice. Most strongly manifest in earnings-related social insurance, the principle of reciprocity has been increasingly questioned on grounds of equity, adequacy and fiscal viability, in the wake of socio-economic changes (e.g. post-industralisation, globalisation) and political developments (e.g. Europeanisation). Universalist programmes seem extraordinarily expensive under tight public budgets, and could be criticised as inequitable at a time when middle classes increasingly rely on individual and occupational

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Bieback, Karl-Jurgen. "Protection of Atypical Work and Family Benefits: Comparison of the Australian, German and British Social Security Systems." Review of Policy Research 12, no. 1-2 (1993): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1993.tb00516.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Akinola, Racheal, Laura Maureen Pereira, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Francia-Marié de Bruin, and Loubie Rusch. "A Review of Indigenous Food Crops in Africa and the Implications for more Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083493.

Full text

Abstract:

Indigenous and traditional foods crops (ITFCs) have multiple uses within society, and most notably have an important role to play in the attempt to diversify the food in order to enhance food and nutrition security. However, research suggests that the benefits and value of indigenous foods within the South African and the African context have not been fully understood and synthesized. Their potential value to the African food system could be enhanced if their benefits were explored more comprehensively. This synthesis presents a literature review relating to underutilized indigenous crop speci

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Yusuf, Marwah, Paulus Tangke, and Grace T. Pontoh. "Differences in Information Technology Systems in Public and Private Sector." Information Management and Business Review 9, no. 6 (2018): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v9i6.2041.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to examine differences in information technology acceptance in the public sector and private sector in Indonesia. This study explores previous research on the subject, especially with regard to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Acceptance of technology according to theory can be influenced by several aspects, such as: behavior, satisfaction, benefits, convenience, social as well as security and privacy. Of the various aspects of this most influential generally considered to differences in acceptance of the technology on "every individual" in the public sector and the priva

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ventura-Marco, Manuel, and Carlos Vidal-Meliá. "AN ACTUARIAL BALANCE SHEET MODEL FOR DEFINED BENEFIT PAY-AS-YOU-GO PENSION SYSTEMS WITH DISABILITY AND RETIREMENT CONTINGENCIES." ASTIN Bulletin 44, no. 2 (2014): 367–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2014.5.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a theoretical basis for drawing up a “Swedish” type actuarial balance sheet for a defined benefit pay-as-you-go (DB PAYG) scheme with retirement and disability benefits. Our model enables us to obtain the system's expected average turnover duration, measure the scheme's solvency and explore the phenomenon identified as “pension reclassification”, a widespread practice that masks the system's real status unless further pension information becomes available. The model is clearly linked to actuarial practice in social security and gives partial support to the pra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Guerrero Padrón, Thais. "INGRESO MÍNIMO VITAL Y NACIONALES BRITÁNICOS EN ESPAÑA EN TIEMPOS DEL BREXIT." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 5, no. 2 (2020): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2020.i02.04.

Full text

Abstract:

As from 1 January 2021, after the end of the transitional period imposed by the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement, the UK will be for all purposes a third State and its nationals considered as “foreigners”. The change of status of the UK raises interesting questions regarding the social security rights of EU citizens and UK nationals. This paper deals with the possibility of access to the Minimum Living Income benefit for British nationals residing in Spain, either under the Spanish immigration laws or within the framework of the EU Regulations on the Coordination of Social Security systems. As a cor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Lehmann, Caitlyn, Jennifer Lehmann, and Rachael Sanders. "Missing out: The intergenerational ramifications of current social security arrangements." Children Australia 43, no. 3 (2018): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.35.

Full text

Abstract:

Neoliberal reforms and ring-wing ideologies have seen the ideal of the social security ‘safety net’ take a hammering in the UK, USA and Australia. While the gap between rich and poor has widened, and demand for welfare payments increased, politicians, certainly in Australia, have generally neglected low income families, preferring to twiddle the economic dials affecting middle and upper income earners instead. Of course, tussling over who pays tax, how much, what constitutes useful expenditure, and who receives welfare services and benefits is not new – these questions have attended the modern

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Freedman, Judith. "Policy Forum: Tax, Social Security, and Employment Status—Removing the Distortions in the United Kingdom." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 69, no. 2 (2021): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2021.69.2.pf.freedman.

Full text

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained tax and social security systems. Cracks that have existed for some time have been opened up further and are unlikely to close without structural repair. New insights into the shifting nature of work, combined with the development of technologies that can provide modern, practical solutions to old problems, offer the opportunity to rethink the way we tax gig workers and other non-standard providers of labour. This article argues that we need to free ourselves from the employment status classifications developed in other areas of law, for other purposes, when w

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Finney Rutten, Lila, Amy Lazarus Yaroch, Heather Patrick, and Mary Story. "Obesity Prevention and National Food Security: A Food Systems Approach." ISRN Public Health 2012 (November 29, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/539764.

Full text

Abstract:

Interventions that cultivate sustainable food systems to promote health, prevent obesity, and improve food security have the potential for many large-scale and long-lasting benefits including improvements in social, environmental, health, and economic outcomes. We briefly summarize findings from previous research examining associations between obesity and food insecurity and discuss the need for greater synergy between food insecurity initiatives and national obesity prevention public health goals in the United States. The common ground between these two nutrition-related public health issues

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Karokola, Geoffrey, Louise Yngström, and Stewart Kowalski. "Secure e-Government Services." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 8, no. 1 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2012010101.

Full text

Abstract:

E-Government offers many benefits to government agencies, citizens and the business community. However, e-Government services are prone to current and emerging security challenges posing potential threats to critical information assets. Securing it appears to be a major challenge facing governments globally. Based on the international security standards – the paper thoroughly investigates and analyzes eleven e-government maturity models (eGMMs) for security services. Further, it attempts to establish a common frame of reference for eGMM critical stages. The study utilizes the Soft Systems Meth

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Bennett, John McLean, Alex McBratney, Damien Field, et al. "Soil Security for Australia." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123416.

Full text

Abstract:

Soil Security is an emerging sustainability science concept with global application for guiding integrated approaches to land management, while balancing ecosystem services, environmental, social, cultural, and economic imperatives. This discussion paper sets the scene for an Australian Soil Security framework as an example of how it might be developed for any country, defining the key issues and justification for Soil Security, as well as detailing implementation requirements and benefits; two examples of beneficial outcomes are provided in terms of facilitating decommoditization of agricultu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ahmad, Zauwiyah, Thian Song Ong, Tze Hui Liew, and Mariati Norhashim. "Security monitoring and information security assurance behaviour among employees." Information & Computer Security 27, no. 2 (2019): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-10-2017-0073.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this research is to explain the influence of information security monitoring and other social learning factors on employees’ security assurance behaviour. Security assurance behaviour represents employees’ intentional and effortful actions aimed towards protecting information systems. The behaviour is highly desired as it tackles the human factor within the information security framework. The authors posited that security assurance behaviour is a learned behaviour that can be enhanced by the implementation of information security monitoring. Design/methodology/approach T

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

B., Muthusenthil, and Hyun Sung Kim. "CCTV Surveillance System, Attacks and Design Goals." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (2018): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2072-2082.

Full text

Abstract:

Closed Circuit Tele-Vision surveillance systems are frequently the subject of debate. Some parties seek to promote their benefits such as their use in criminal investigations and providing a feeling of safety to the public. They have also been on the receiving end of bad press when some consider intrusiveness has outweighed the benefits. The correct design and use of such systems is paramount to ensure a CCTV surveillance system meets the needs of the user, provides a tangible benefit and provides safety and security for the wider law-abiding public. In focusing on the normative aspects of CCT

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

HEXMOOR, HENRY, SETH WILSON, and SANDEEP BHATTARAM. "A theoretical inter-organizational trust-based security model." Knowledge Engineering Review 21, no. 2 (2006): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888906000932.

Full text

Abstract:

This work examines the interplay of inter-personal and inter-organizational trust, two distinct but related concepts, through a theoretic inter-organizational trust-based security model for a multi-agent system information-sharing community. A calculus that mathematically models trust building at the inter-organizational level is at the heart of this model. In inter-organizational or inter-firm exchange, the role of the boundary spanner, an organizational representative, is important in reducing asymmetries that may exist between the two parties. Trust is a crucial component to the dyadic inte

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Salahdine, Fatima, and Naima Kaabouch. "Social Engineering Attacks: A Survey." Future Internet 11, no. 4 (2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11040089.

Full text

Abstract:

The advancements in digital communication technology have made communication between humans more accessible and instant. However, personal and sensitive information may be available online through social networks and online services that lack the security measures to protect this information. Communication systems are vulnerable and can easily be penetrated by malicious users through social engineering attacks. These attacks aim at tricking individuals or enterprises into accomplishing actions that benefit attackers or providing them with sensitive data such as social security number, health r

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Reis, Paulo Ricardo da Costa, Suely de Fátima Ramos Silveira, Marcelo José Braga, and Thiago de Melo Teixeira da Costa. "Impact of Retirements and Pensions on the Social Welfare of the Households from Minas Gerais State." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 26, no. 67 (2015): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201511890.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the main arguments for the existence of public social security systems relates to their potential use as income distribution and welfare policy tools. In this vein, several studies have sought to evaluate the effects of social security benefits on poverty and inequality. However, the evidence obtained from Brazilian studies regarding the effects of social security remains inconclusive, and studies evaluating the impact of social security on social welfare indices are scarce. The objective of this paper is to measure the impact of retirement and pensions provided by social security progr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

YOSHIDA, KENZO. "The Stability of Social Security in the United States: The Need for a Durable Institutional Design." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 2 (2017): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000599.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractStability is one of the most crucial elements of social security systems. Although the United States is famous – some might say notorious – for drastic changes to its socio-economic structure (including its welfare programmes), its Social Security is the most secure and unchanged public pension programme among major Western countries. In the restructuring age of welfare states, public pensions have been reformed several times in Japan and various European countries, with an overhaul of benefits and taxes. However, Social Security in the US has not undergone such reforms in the three de

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Zacharias, Diana. "The Protection of Mothers in British and German Constitutional Law: A Comparative Analysis and a Contribution to the Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Domestic Legal Area." German Law Journal 9, no. 1 (2008): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006295.

Full text

Abstract:

The universal and regional systems of human rights protection recognize that mothers find themselves in situations which require special protection. For instance, Article 10 para. 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights stipulates that special protection should be accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth and that during such period working mothers should be accorded paid leave or leave with adequate social security benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Feng, Bo, Qiang Li, Yuede Ji, Dong Guo, and Xiangyu Meng. "Stopping the Cyberattack in the Early Stage: Assessing the Security Risks of Social Network Users." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (July 11, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3053418.

Full text

Abstract:

Online social networks have become an essential part of our daily life. While we are enjoying the benefits from the social networks, we are inevitably exposed to the security threats, especially the serious Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attack. The attackers can launch targeted cyberattacks on a user by analyzing its personal information and social behaviors. Due to the wide variety of social engineering techniques and undetectable zero-day exploits being used by attackers, the detection techniques of intrusion are increasingly difficult. Motivated by the fact that the attackers usually pen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

WILLIAMS, EVAN. "Unemployment, sanctions and mental health: the relationship between benefit sanctions and antidepressant prescribing." Journal of Social Policy 50, no. 1 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000783.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractInternational social security systems increasingly place work-related conditions on individuals claiming out-of-work benefits, and enforce requirements through the use of benefit sanctions. The literature on the impacts of benefit sanctions considers both labour market and wider social effects, which this study contributes to through a focus on mental health. It considers the period of Coalition government (2010–15) in the UK, which imposed a comparatively high number of benefit sanctions and increased their severity through the Welfare Reform Act 2012. A longitudinal dataset is constr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lynch, Abigail J., Lee J. Baumgartner, Craig A. Boys, et al. "Speaking the same language: can the sustainable development goals translate the needs of inland fisheries into irrigation decisions?" Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 9 (2019): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19176.

Full text

Abstract:

Irrigated agriculture and inland fisheries both make important contributions to food security, nutrition, livelihoods and wellbeing. Typically, in modern irrigation systems, these components operate independently. Some practices, commonly associated with water use and intensification of crop production can be in direct conflict with and have adverse effects on fisheries. Food security objectives may be compromised if fish are not considered in the design phases of irrigation systems. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a framework that can serve as a backdrop to help integrate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

ZAKHAROV, Vladimir Ya, Elena N. LUDUSHKINA, Elena V. KORNILOVA, and Marina V. KISLINSKAYA. "Security of complex economic systems: Risk management of their digital transformation." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 4 (2021): 592–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.4.592.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject. The article presents an overview of recent results of foreign and domestic studies on the security of complex economic systems in the process of their digital transformation. During the deployment of Industry 4.0 technologies, the frequency, diversity and level of digital risks are growing faster than digital security tools for complex systems are evolving. This will offset the benefits of digital transformation, and can lead to large-scale failures. Objectives. The aim is to identify sources of new threats, vulnerability areas of complex systems and possible losses, assess the result

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!