Relevant bibliographies by topics / Benelux Economic Union (Projected)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Benelux Economic Union (Projected)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Benelux Economic Union (Projected)"

1

Mlodkowski, Pawel. "ECONOMIC GROWTH PROJECTION FOR EUROPEAN UNION BY 2030." European Integration Studies, no. 13 (October 29, 2019): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.13.23709.

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The paper contributes to a discussion on developments in output for the EU-27 group over the next 11 years, up to year 2030. It departs from a discussion on arguments of the production function, with focus on sudden changes to population in Europe, its growth rate and composition. A brief study of population-decreasing events in the European historical perspective may represent an inspiring part. Reasons for inconsistency in estimated parameters of production function for European countries seems to be well-explained this way. The projection for the next 11 years, up to 2030 has employed the production function framework. Parameters have been estimated on the period 2004 – 2016 that matches most closely conditions that one may expect over the projection horizon. Feeding the estimated production function for the 2018-2030 forecast has employed projected population by Eurostat, while private capital investment has been generated by an ARIMA model. Projection is offered in two forms: (1) aggregated real output for the whole EU, and (2) the same category for each of the EU-27 countries.
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2

Mucha-Leszko, Bogumiła, and Katarzyna Twarowska. "The European Union As A Global Economic Power." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0019.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the EU economic position in 1995–2014 as well as the prospective growth potential in the global dimension up to 2025. The subject of the research is real and projected data including: GDP growth rate, main growth factors (labour, labour productivity and Total Factor Productivity), and their input to GDP growth, as well as data showing public debts and budget deficits. The analysis was conducted for the years 1995–2014 and 2015–2025. The authors' basic conclusions are: 1) the technological and economic gap between the European Union and the United States has been deepening; 2) the increasing polarisation of world economic powers and low GDP growth in the European Union limit the EU’s chances of maintaining the position as the second centre in the world economy; 3) improving the situation in public finances in the European Union as compared to the US is a factor which could raise GDP growth rates in European countries, however, there are countries whose future is in doubt due to the dramatically poor state of public finances, such as Greece, Italy, Portugal or Ireland; 4) economic growth forecasts indicate a deepening of the economic gap between the largest EU countries and the US.
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3

Czyżewski, Andrzej, and Jakub Staniszewski. "Zrównoważona intensyfikacja rolnictwa jako kombinacja efektywności nakładów ekonomicznych i środowiskowych." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.3.68.

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The paper presents an alternative method of sustainable intensification (SI) measurement. It is based on efficiency analysis using DEA method, Malmquist TFP index and Euclidean and angular distance measurements. The proposed measure makes it possible to determine the dynamics of the process of sustainable intensification, taking into account the base level of economic and eco-efficiency. Applied solution partially eliminates the problem of weighing the various dimensions of sustainable development. The method was used to measure SI in the European Union countries in 2005-2013. Obtained results confirm the presence of this process in most countries and on average in the whole EU. It was particularly fast among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and among the Scandinavian countries. Changes that were not in line with the SI concept, occurred in the Benelux countries and in the British Isles, where environmental productivity improved, diminishing economic productivity.
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Arrowsmith, John. "Large-scale EMU: the May Council decisions and implications for monetary policy." National Institute Economic Review 165 (July 1998): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019816500113.

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The decision by the EU Council of Heads of State or of Government at the beginning of May, that eleven Member States would form an Economic and Monetary Union on 1 January 1999, occasioned little surprise: financial markets and economic commentators had become increasingly convinced over the preceding months that EMU would start on time with a membership extending beyond the six ‘core’ countries—France, Germany, the Benelux countries and Austria—to include also Finland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. What was not widely expected was that the ECOFIN and HoSoG Councils on 1–2 May appear to have spent little time debating the economic case for including each of the eleven countries but to have been preoccupied instead with a heated political row about who should be appointed President of the European Central Bank.This note assesses the possible consequences that this cavalier approach to the vital question of membership of monetary union might have for the conduct of policy in Stage 3 and the future viability of EMU. It examines the economic evidence that had been presented to the Councils to see whether their judgement that the economies of all eleven countries are sufficiently convergent is warranted. It also considers whether the unseemly compromise through which the dispute about the ECB Presidency was resolved will prejudice the political independence of the ECB in its conduct of monetary policy.
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5

Kurek, Sławomir. "Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie poziomu rozwoju regionalnego w Unii Europejskiej w świetle wybranych mierników." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 16 (January 1, 2010): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.16.9.

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The aim of this article is to show spatial disparities in the level of regional socio-economic development of the European Union, basing on selected demographic, social and economic indexes derived from the Eurostat database. For the comparison, EFTA regions as well as some candidate countries (Croatia) were taken into account. The analysis was made with the help of taxonomic methods, namely the taxonomic development index as well as cluster analysis based on the k-means method. The analysis confirmed existing disparities between eastern and western Europe, “old” and “new” European Union members, as well as between core and peripheral regions. The largest differences were recorded in terms of gross domestic product per inhabitant and household income. Having taken into account the period under study, it may be stated that the process of enlarging of EU leads to deepening of disproportion between its regions. The highest level of regional development was presented by the belt of urbanized area with the population of nearly 90 million, stretching from England through the Benelux countries, northern France, middle and southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland to northern Italy, called Blue Banana, Hot Banana, European Megalopolis or European Backbone.Existing demographic and socio-economic disparities between UE regions pose a challenge for regional policy to enhance its social, economic and territorial cohesion on one hand and to increase competitiveness between regions on the other, by investments in economy based on knowledge, increasing entrepreneurship, as well as increasing the potential in the R&D sector and developing IT technology.
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6

Szczuraszek, Tomasz, and Jacek Chmielewski. "Sustainable transport development and passenger transport demand in Poland." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401021.

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Development of sustainable transportation is a process which involves promoting efficient transport systems meeting social expectations, while reducing any sub-optimal or harmful effects on public health, natural environment, economy and urban planning. Therefore, in the case of passenger transport, the most effective measure to achieve sustainable transport development is to maximize the share of public transport. This paper analyses trends in changes of demand for passenger transport in European Union Member States, in Poland and in Kujawsko-Pomorskie province, including in urban and non-urban areas. Based on collected data and extensive transport-related research of the authors, including surveys of residents, the most important conditions have been defined which affect passenger transport demand in Kujawsko-Pomorskie province, and a forecast has been attempted of the demand in three different scenarios of economic development (optimistic, stable and regressive) for various years. The projected public transport demand has been established on the basis of simulations using a proprietary transport model. Results of these calculations revealed surprising conclusions which indicate unfavourable trends in changes of the analysed demand and insignificant differences in projected transport needs, regardless of the selected economic development option for the country and the province.
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7

Lyons-Archambault, Amanda. "Post-Brexit Global Trade Relations: The Death of TTIP?" German Law Journal 17, S1 (July 1, 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200021684.

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Prior to Britain's popular referendum on whether to remain a member of the European Union, parts of the public in Britain and other European states had already expressed a great range of emotions concerning on-going negotations between the European Union and the United States regarding the bi-lateral Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, more commonly referred to as “TTIP.” In February 2013, the European Commission optimistically projected that TTIP “would be the biggest bilateral trade-deal ever negotiated,” with the potential to “add 0.5% to the EU's annual economic output.” Most notably, TTIP seeks to streamline administrative rules and technical product standards in order to remove trade barriers, and aims to “achieve ambitious outcomes” across three broader areas—(a) market access, (b) regulatory issues and non-tariff barriers, and (c) rules, principles, and new modes of cooperation to address shared global trade challenges and opportunities.
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8

Lymar, Margaryta. "European integration in the foreign policy of Dwight Eisenhower." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 7 (2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2019.07.27-36.

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The article deals with European integration processes through the prism of the President Eisenhower foreign policy. The transatlantic relations are explored considering the geopolitical transformations in Europe. It is noted that after the end of World War II, Europe needed assistance on the path to economic recovery. Eisenhower initially as Commander in Chief of NATO forces in Europe, and later as the U.S. President, directed his foreign policy efforts to unite the states of Western Europe in their post-war renovating and confronting the communist threat. For that reason, Eisenhower deserved recognition by the leading European governments and became a major American figure, which symbolized the reliable transatlantic ally. Eisenhower’s interest in a united Europe was explained by the need for the United States in a strong single European partner that would help to strengthening the U.S. positions in the international arena. The United States expected to control the European integration processes through NATO instruments and mediated disputes between the leading European powers. Germany’s accession to the Alliance was determined as one of the key issues, the solution of which became the diplomatic victory of President Eisenhower. The U.S. government was building its European policy based on the need to integrate the Western states into a unified power, and therefore endorsed the prospect of creating a European Economic Community (EEC). It was intended that the union would include Italy, France, Germany and the Benelux members, and form a basis for the development of free trade and the deeper political and economic integration of the regional countries. It is concluded that, under the Eisenhower’s presidency, Europe was at the top of priority list of the U.S. foreign policy that significantly influenced the evolution of the European integration process in the future.
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9

Kirillova, L. V. "BUILDING THE NATION: SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ALGERIA, 1962-1978." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-3-334-343.

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Since the middle of the 1950s, the Socialist countries led by the Soviet Union had made significant contribution to the economic advancement of the developing countries. Under the umbrella of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), Soviet aid programs extended on many African countries, including Algeria. Founded by the Soviet Bloc in 1949, the CMEA was a response to the Marshall Plan. Within the confines of the Cold War, this international governmental organization aimed to promote the socialist economic integration not only of its members but also the emerging nations beyond the Iron Curtain. In case of Algeria, the massive construction projects sponsored by the CMEA turned into the crucial platforms of the new nation building. Erection of industrial enterprises projected economic, political, social, and cultural development of Algeria. This article presents the construction works in Algeria as the crucial sites for spreading Soviet influence in North Africa. In addition, it demonstrates the role of youth from Algeria and the Soviet Bloc in the establishment of these country-wide projects and the formation of Algerian nationhood.
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10

Nikulski, Julia S., Michael Ritthoff, and Nadja von Gries. "The Potential and Limitations of Critical Raw Material Recycling: The Case of LED Lamps." Resources 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10040037.

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Supply risks and environmental concerns drive the interest in critical raw material recycling in the European Union. Globally, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is projected to increase by almost 40% until 2030. This waste stream can be a source of secondary raw materials. The determination of the economic feasibility of recycling and recovering specific materials is a data-intensive, time-consuming, and case-specific task. This study introduced a two-part evaluation scheme consisting of upper continental crust concentrations and raw material prices as a simple tool to indicate the potential and limitations of critical raw material recycling. It was applied to the case of light-emitting diodes (LED) lamps in the EU. A material flow analysis was conducted, and the projected waste amounts were analyzed using the new scheme. Indium, gallium, and the rare earth elements appeared in low concentrations and low absolute masses and showed only a small revenue potential. Precious metals represented the largest revenue share. Future research should confirm the validity and usefulness of the evaluation scheme.
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Books on the topic "Benelux Economic Union (Projected)"

1

Union, Benelux Economic. Benelux information. Bruxelles: The Union, 1999.

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2

Janssen, Irene G. C. Benelux: Closer cooperation within the European Union? Maastricht: Shaker Pub., 2006.

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Janssen, Irene G. C. Benelux: Closer cooperation within the European Union. Maastricht: Shaker, 2006.

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Union, Benelux Economic. The BENELUX: The benefits and necessity of enchanced [sic] cooperation. The Hague, Netherlands: The Council, 2007.

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5

M. P. C. M. van Schendelen. Gelijkhebben of winnen?: Nederlandse belangenbehartiging in de Europese Unie. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1995.

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Lauwaars, R. H. Harmonisatie van wetgeving in Europese organisaties. Deventer: Kluwer, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Benelux Economic Union (Projected)"

1

Woyke, Wichard. "Benelux-Wirtschaftsunion (Union Douanière Benelux/The Benelux Economic Union)." In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 56–59. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Benelux Economic Union (Projected)"

1

Sümer, Kutluk Kağan. "The Economic Consequences of Sanctions against Russia after the Invasion of Russia in the Crimea." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01227.

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The US and EU have imposed economic sanctions on Russia over its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine. Russia's economy has been severely impacted not only by sanctions, which have isolated it from international business and trade, but from the falling oil price which has plummeted around 60 percent since June 2014, hurting its exports and revenues. As a consequence, Russia is expected to enter recession in 2015. The estimated impact of Russia’s ban on agro-food imports from the EU imposed in August 2014 is expected to be the highest in the Baltic's. These losses are undoubtedly painful, yet manageable (a trade decline bigger than 10% would obviously lead to greater losses). Economic conditions in Russia have deteriorated at a faster rate in recent months. Capital flight from Russia has accelerated, the ruble has depreciated by more than 50%, inflation has increased, and the Russian economy is projected to contract by 3.0% in 2015. The question is whether these losses are justifiable and will achieve the desired effects – to change Russia’s behavior in Ukraine, European Union, US, Turkey and beyond.
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