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1
Vaughn-Blount, Kelli M. "Psychologist-historians : historying women & benevolent sexism /." Read thesis online Read thesis appendix online, 2008. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/Vaughn-BlountKM2008.pdf.
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Tanner, Meagan C. "Was That Sexist?: Open-Mindedness Predicts Interpretation of Benevolent Sexism in Ambiguous Scenarios." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617726203849271.
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Campbell, Dawna Jeanette. "Demographic Variables as Moderators Between Benevolent Sexism and Relationship Satisfaction." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3932.
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Romantic relationship satisfaction relates to better overall health, and identifying factors that affect relationship satisfaction could lead to better understanding of romantic relationships. This study examined the correlation between benevolent sexism, a subtle form of sexism resembling chivalry and relationship satisfaction; gender, age, ethnicity, religious beliefs, education, and length of time were also considered as moderators. The ambivalent sexism theory, which posits that sexism is ambivalent and ranges from hostile to benevolent sexism was the theoretical framework guiding this study. Previous research indicated benevolent sexism may predict relationship satisfaction. However, there remained an important gap in the literature; the demographic variables above had not been considered as moderators in those analyses. Thus, the purpose of this non-experimental study using data collected from a U.S. sample of adults who had been in romantic relationships for at least 1 year was to determine if such links existed. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that benevolent sexism, measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory did not predict relationship satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale, and none of the demographic variables served as moderators. Results were trending toward significance though, suggesting that benevolent sexism might influence women's relationship satisfaction. Further research using longitudinal, mixed-method studies of dyads is recommended to gain a clearer understanding of this phenomenon. Findings would make important contributions to existing literature and enhance social change by providing professionals and individuals with awareness of how benevolent sexist attitudes may affect relationship satisfaction.
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Uzbekova, Kandel Sabrina. "Är sexismen verkligen välvillig? : Kvinnor och mäns fyra tematiska uppfattningar av välvillig sexism." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52523.
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Sexism är en form av diskriminering av en individ baserat på individens kön. Teorin om ambivalent sexism beskriver de två beståndsdelarna fientlig och välvillig sexism. Tidigare kvantitativa metoder och designer har begränsat individers möjligheter att utförligt beskriva attityder och uppfattningar av välvillig sexism. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa individers attityd och uppfattningar av välvillig sexistiskt tankesätt. Totalt 10 deltagare intervjuades om deras uppfattningar och inställning till 2 profiler varav en porträtterar välvillig sexism. Genom en kvalitativ tematisk analys med hermeneutisk ansats utformades 4 teman och 1 underteman. Resultatet visade att välvilligt sexistiskt tankesätt uppfattades som kontrollerande, emotionellt instabilt, dysfunktionellt och med gömda avsikter. Studiens resultat stödjer inte tidigare forskning när det kommer till positiva attityder och förhållningsätt till välvillig sexism. Däremot kompletterar resultatet tidigare kvantitativ forskning med nya data om individers negativa syn på välvillig sexism. Framtida studier inom ämnet skulle kunna utformas med mer fokus på enskilda grupper med andra sexuella läggningar.
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Ak, Kurt Deniz. "Glass Cliff In Relation To Hostile And Benevolent Sexism." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613851/index.pdf.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the glass cliff phenomenon and two forms of sexism: hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS). Glass cliff refers to the tendency to endorse a woman candidate for a normally desirable, high-status position at the time of downfall or when things are not going well. A questionnaire package was first administered to a working people sample (N = 328) with diverse occupational backgrounds. Based on the analyses and findings, to be able to eliminate the potential confounding effect of the order of the scales in the package, the study was repeated on a student sample (N = 147). Finally, analyses were repeated after the data from both samples were combined. Results showed no evidence for 1) the presence of glass cliff and 2) the presence of a relationship between glass cliff and two forms of sexism. The results from both samples were discussed, presenting some plausible explanations for the findings. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also presented.
6
McMahon, Jean Marie. "Benevolent Sexism and Racial Stereotypes: Targets, Functions, and Consequences." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4227.
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In this dissertation, I present three manuscripts in which I integrate race into an ambivalent sexism framework using experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional methods. The first paper tests whether a female's race acts as a subtype to differentially elicit benevolent sexism (BS). Two experiments demonstrated that BS is more strongly associated with White women than Black women. The second paper explores the relationship between protective paternalism (a subcomponent of BS), anti-minority attitudes, and threat. Threat was associated with stronger endorsement of protective paternalism and a corresponding increase in anti-minority attitudes, particularly for White men, implicating BS in the maintenance of racial inequality. Finally, my third study investigated potential real-world consequences of the differential application of BS to Black and White women in the context of police responses to intimate partner violence (IPV). Officers were more likely to file supplemental paperwork for White victims than Black victims, and were most likely to do so when encountering a White victim and a Black suspect. White victims were also written about with a greater "risk focus", consistent with BS. In sum, chapter II establishes racial differences in who receives BS, chapter III demonstrates how paternalistic protections of White women are racialized, and chapter IV reveals how the intersection of BS with racial stereotypes may impact women seeking help from police. This dissertation is the first investigation in the social psychological literature of how race informs the targets, function, and consequences of BS.
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Santana, Marleny da Penha Oliveira. "Atuação feminina em profissões consideradas masculinas: O caso da Informática." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2009. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2018.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-22This study aims at investigating prejudice against women through the men's opinions regarding to feminine insertion in a profession considered masculine: information technology. Specifically, we planned to answer to the following question: how do men evaluate women that act in professions of masculine prevalence? Our sample was constituted by 253 men. Of these, 54.2% were information technology students and 45.8% were emplyees in two information technology companies, one federal and one municipal. The mean age was 31.4 years (DP=10.7 years), with minimum of 18 and maximum 58 year-old. Two thirds of participants (66.6%) were married or lived with somebody. The participants answered a questionnaire formed by open questions and Likert-type scales. Taken together, the results indicate that the adhesion to the hostile sexism and the benevolent sexism co-exist among the participants, however, a tendency exists to higher levels of hostile sexism among the students. Those results are discussed from the perspective of the Theory of the Realistic Conflicts (Sherif, 1967).
Este estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar o preconceito contra as mulheres por meio das opiniões dos homens a respeito da inserção feminina em uma profissão considerada masculina: a tecnologia da informação. Especificamente, planejamos responder à seguinte questão: como os homens avaliam mulheres que atuam em profissões de predomínio masculino? Nossa amostra foi constituída por 253 homens, dos quais 54,2% eram estudantes da área de informática e 45,8% atuavam em duas empresas de tecnologia da informação, uma federal e outra municipal. A idade média foi de 31,4 anos (DP=10,7 anos), com idade mínima de 18 e máxima de 58 anos. Dois terços dos participantes (66,6%) eram casados ou moravam junto com alguém. Os participantes responderam a um questionário formado por questões abertas e em formato Likert. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados indicam que tanto a adesão ao sexismo hostil quanto ao benevolente co-existem entre os participantes, no entanto, existe uma tendência ao sexismo hostil ser mais alta entre os estudantes. Esses resultados são discutidos à luz da Teoria dos Conflitos Realistas (Sherif, 1967).
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Bonneau-Kaya, Crystal M. "Benevolent vs. Hostile Sexism Impact on Work Performance for Women in Turkey." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/175.
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All studies to date that have assessed the direct impact of benevolent vs. hostile sexism on performance outcomes have done so in the context of a Western society. Because of this void in the literature, it remained unknown how living in a low egalitarian and/or non-Western society may impact women's experiences of sexism. The purpose of this study is to address this gap in the literature. This study investigates the impact of benevolent vs. hostile sexism on women in four Turkish textile factories. 210 Turkish female textile factory workers were randomly assigned to the benevolent sexism, hostile sexism, or control condition. Performance and level of gender identification were measured. The results of this study indicated that while participants were impacted by sexism, the impact of benevolent vs. hostile sexism resulted in different outcomes than for women in higher egalitarian Western Societies.
9
Brown, Monique. "Benevolent Sexism, Perceived Fairness, Decision-Making, and Marital Satisfaction: Covert Power Influences." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1387296162.
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McMahon, Jean Marie. "Benevolent Racism? : The Impact of Race and Sexual Subtype on Ambivalent Sexism." PDXScholar, 2014. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1971.
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How does a woman's race influence perceptions of her sexual behavior? This study investigated how race and sexual behavior intersect within an ambivalent sexism framework. Benevolent sexism characterizes women as pure and defenseless, which contrasts with the cultural stereotype of Black women as aggressive and hypersexual. Gender and racial stereotypes may combine to produce different outcomes for women who behave according to negative (promiscuous) or positive (chaste) sexual subtypes. According to shifting standards theory, evaluations and treatment of these women should vary depending on whether the measured behavior is non-zero sum (limitless) or zero sum (finite). To test this hypothesis, participants read about a chaste or promiscuous Black or White woman and reported their hostile and benevolent attitudes about her (non-zero sum) and whether she should be picked to represent an organization that supports women of her sexual subtype (zero sum.) Results suggest, consistent with shifting standards, that more benevolent sexism was expressed to a chaste Black, rather than White, woman. However, the Black woman did not receive more positive trait evaluations or experience an advantage on the zero sum outcome. Minority women who conform to benevolent sexism ideals may be highly praised (non-zero sum reward) but are not given tangible rewards (zero sum reward) for their behavior. This pattern of treatment perpetuates discrimination against Black women within society.
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Hall, Taylor K. "Witnessing Benevolent and Hostile Sexism: Comparing Impacts on Third Party Perceptions of Moral Violation, Moral Anger, and Intervention Intentions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1627493110558823.
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Viki, Garcia Tendayi Nyasha. "Sexual violence as a form of social control : the role of hostile and benevolent sexism." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268317.
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This thesis examines the feminist hypothesis that rape functions as a tool of social control through which women are kept in subordinate social positions (Brownmiller, 1975). In examining this hypothesis, the current thesis explores the role of benevolent and hostile sexism in accounting for people's responses to different types of rape (i.e. stranger vs. acquaintance rape). An examination of the literature suggests that there are general societal beliefs in the distinction between "good" and "bad" rape victims (Pollard, 1992). Interestingly, researchers have observed that benevolent sexism (BS) is related to the idealisation of women in traditional gender roles (i.e. "good" women; Glick et aI., 2000). It is, therefore, argued that individuals who idealise women in traditional roles (i.e. high BS individuals) are more likely to negatively evaluate rape victims who can be perceived as violating these norms. Nine empirical studies are presented in this thesis. Study 1 examines the potential role of BS in accounting for previously observed differences in the amount of blame attributed to stranger and acquaintance rape victims (e.g. Pollard, 1992). Studies 2 and 3 examine the psychological mechanisms that underlie the relationship between BS and victim blame in acquaintance rape situations. Studies 2 and 4 also explore the psychological mechanisms that underlie the relationship between hostile sexism (HS) and self-reported rape proclivity in acquaintance rape situations (c.f. Viki, 2000). In Study 5, the relationship between BS and paternalistic chivalry (attitudes that are simultaneously courteous and restrictive to women) is examined. Studies 6 and 7 examine the role of BS in accounting for participants' responses to stranger vs. acquaintance rape perpetrators. The last two studies (Studies 8 and 9) examine the potential role of legal verdicts in moderating the relationship between BS and victim blame in acquaintance rape cases. Taken together, the results support the argument that BS provides a psychological mechanism through which differences in the amount of blame attributed to stranger and acquaintance rape victims can be explained. In contrast, HS provides a mechanism for explaining differences in self-reported proclivity to commit stranger and acquaintance rape. The thesis concludes with a summary of the findings, a discussion of the methodological limitations of the studies and suggestions of directions for future research.
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Grass, Kirsten. "The relationship of benevolent sexism to therapist evaluations of new mothers with symptoms of post-natal depression /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19787.pdf.
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Burgess, Kaleena Dennielle. "The Effect of Hostile and Benevolent Sexism on Women's Cardiovascular Reactivity to and Recovery from a Laboratory Stressor." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4646.
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Hostile sexism is the antipathetic expression of sexism, in which men are antagonistic towards women who threaten their superiority. Benevolent sexism is the patriarchal expression of sexism, where men express protective, yet restrictive, attitudes towards women. Both forms of sexism originate from the view that women are inferior, frail, and only suited for nurturing or domestic responsibilities. Benevolent sexism may be more harmful to women because coping is thwarted by observers' underestimation of its effects (Bosson, Pinel, & Vandello, 2009). The present study aimed to examine women's responses to and recovery from hostile and benevolent sexism utilizing measures of cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. I predicted that women would exhibit greater reactivity to hostile sexism, but impaired recovery to benevolent sexism. Participants were 124 undergraduate women (50% Caucasian, age M = 18.92), with no history of cardiovascular health issues. Sexism condition - benevolent, hostile, or no sexism - was manipulated by exposing participants to comments made by a male experimenter. Cardiovascular responses were obtained during rest, task, and recovery periods. As predicted, women exhibited greater cardiovascular reactivity after exposure to hostile sexism, and women who experienced benevolent sexism showed impaired recovery, compared to the other two conditions. Findings illustrate that hostile sexism elicits immediate responses that resolve relatively quickly. However, benevolent sexism may be more pernicious in terms of psychological and physical health due to its prolonged effects.
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Clement-Pessiani, Céline. "Derrière chaque (grand) homme, il y a une femme...qui accepte de rester derrière : comprendre l'acceptation du sexisme bienveillant par les femmes et son adoption par les hommes : l'approche des rôles de sexe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100189/document.
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Cette recherche articule les concepts de sexisme bienveillant et de rôle de sexe pour tenter d’expliquer pourquoi les hommes se montrent sexistes bienveillants envers les femmes et surtout pourquoi les femmes l’approuvent. Nous poursuivrons trois objectifs principaux. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous ferons l’hypothèse que le sexisme bienveillant est en fait une composante du rôle de sexe des femmes et des hommes, avec des attentes différentes selon le sexe. La deuxième partie sera centrée sur les femmes. D’après la littérature, le sexisme bienveillant a des conséquences négatives pour elles. Nous chercherons à savoir si les femmes peuvent simplement le rejeter sans être jugées négativement. Nous postulerons que l'attitude d’une femme quant au sexisme bienveillant détermine si elle sera acceptée ou rejetée. Si elle ne l’approuve pas, alors elle perdra en féminité perçue parce qu’elle déviera de son rôle. Puis, nous établirons que réaffirmer son adhésion à son rôle de sexe lui permettra de rejeter le sexisme bienveillant sans être perçue comme déviante. Enfin, nous nous tournerons vers les hommes. Nous identifierons les circonstances dans lesquelles les femmes peuvent préférer les hommes anti-sexisme bienveillant et où les hommes perçoivent le sexisme bienveillant comme un désavantage. Neuf expériences réalisées sur un total de 684 personnes viendront valider ces hypothèses. Cette thèse propose une explication à l’acceptation et l’expression des attitudes et comportements de sexisme bienveillant observés dans la littérature et attire l'attention sur la difficulté pour les femmes de repousser cette forme spécifique de sexismeThis research connects the concepts of benevolent sexism and sex roles to try to explain why men are benevolent sexists towards women and most importantly why women approve it. We will pursue three main goals. In the first part of this work, we will hypothesize that benevolent sexism is in fact a component of women’s and men’s sex role, with different expectations depending on one’s sex. The second part will be centered on women. According to the literature, benevolent sexism has negative consequences on them. We will seek to know if women can simply reject it without being judged negatively. We will hypothesize that a woman’s attitude regarding benevolent sexism determines whether she is accepted or rejected. If she does not approve of it, then she will be perceived as less feminine because she will be deviating from her role. Then, we will show that reaffirming her adhesion to her sex role will allow her to reject benevolent sexism without being perceived as a deviant. Lastly, we will turn to men. We will identify the circumstances in which women can prefer men rejecting benevolent sexism and where men perceive benevolent sexism as a disadvantage. Nine experiments made on a total of 684 people will confirm these hypothesizes. This thesis offers an explanation to the acceptance and the expression of benevolent sexist attitudes and behaviors observed in the literature and attracts reader’s attention to how difficult it is for women to reject this specific form of sexism
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Thiele, Anja. "Sexismus." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-221263.
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Sexismus bezeichnet verschiedene Formen der positiven und negativen Diskriminierung von Menschen aufgrund ihres zugeschriebenen Geschlechts sowie die diesem Phänomen zugrunde liegende Geschlechterrollen festschreibende und hierarchisierende Ideologie. Ursprünglich wurde der Begriff in den 1960er Jahren in der US-amerikanischen Frauenbewegung als Analogie zu Rassismus (racism) eingeführt. Sowohl Männer als auch Frauen können von Sexismus betroffen sein. Die Erscheinungsformen von Sexismus sind kulturell und historisch bedingt.
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Brands, Raina. "Perceptions of organisational citizenship behaviour & allocation of organisational rewards : the impact of employee gender, leave taking & benevolent sexism /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18511.pdf.
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Wrend, Noel E. Thomas. "The development of intergroup bias in children to ambivalent sexism in adults : a study of the role of self-esteem." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1055.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Ulu, Sinan. "Attitudes Toward Marital Violence: Individual And Situational Factors." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604933/index.pdf.
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The present study aimed at investigating the relationship
between factors that are inherent in the perceiver, inherent in the
situationattitudes toward marital violence, attributions of blame in a violent incident, and judgments on what the victim should do after a violent incident. Attitudes are assessed via three beliefs that the violence can be justified, the husband is not responsible from the violence, and the blame of the violence can be attributed to the wife. Factors inherent in the perceiver (named individual factors), which are thought to be important, were defined as patriarchal and traditional beliefs about marriage and the family, hostile and benevolent sexism, beliefs about normative approval of violence, and gender. Factors inherent in the situation (named situational factors) were existence of (perceived) provocation in a violent incident, severity of the violence, and employment status of the wife and the husband. 327 METU students (176 female, 151 male) had filled out a questionnaire, in which a violent episode between a husband and a wife was described. The scenario contained manipulations on the situational factors. Other constructs were assessed via Likert type scales. Analyses revealed that the sample had held negative views of marital violence, but tend to disagree with immediate precautions like calling the police after a violent episode. Both situational and societal factors had differential effects on the dependent measures, patriarchy and hostile sexism was found to be especially related with the beliefs about wife beating whereas severity and provocation was strongly related with the attributions of blame. Existence of children had decreased the agreement with reactions that would end up the marriage. Suggestions for future research, and limitations of the study are discussed in addition to the findings.
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Thiele, Anja. "Sexismus." Universität Leipzig, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15449.
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Sexismus bezeichnet verschiedene Formen der positiven und negativen Diskriminierung von Menschen aufgrund ihres zugeschriebenen Geschlechts sowie die diesem Phänomen zugrunde liegende Geschlechterrollen festschreibende und hierarchisierende Ideologie. Ursprünglich wurde der Begriff in den 1960er Jahren in der US-amerikanischen Frauenbewegung als Analogie zu Rassismus (racism) eingeführt. Sowohl Männer als auch Frauen können von Sexismus betroffen sein. Die Erscheinungsformen von Sexismus sind kulturell und historisch bedingt.
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Castagnino, Ugolotti Vania. "Persuasive Meaningful Play : Exploring the video game Behind Every Great One." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17728.
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This thesis shines a light on tools that can be used in order to create persuasive and meaningful video games. This research was designed as an exploration of the game Behind Every Great One, with the purpose to determine if and how the game could attain a persuasive and meaningful representation of a benevolent sexist situation. To achieve this, the research took on three different approaches: an interview with the developer, a textual analysis of the game, and a qualitative survey analysing players' reactions to, and perceptions of, the game. The findings suggest that displaying characters' emotions in ways that transmit them to the players, paired with a realistic, complex representation of the social situation portrayed, are imperative for making the game have a persuasive and meaningful impact on the players. The researcher also suggests the term persuasive meaningful play as an applicable way to refer to games that contain similar characteristics as Behind Every Great One.
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Keller, Kari. ""YOU BITCH! YOU SLUT! YOU WHORE!": GENDER-SPECIFIC SYSTEM JUSTIFICATION AS A MEDIATOR OF WOMEN'S SELF-SEXUALIZATION AND BENEVOLENT SEXISM, ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY, AND GENERAL POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/956.
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This study explored how system-justification theory may explain the mixed psychological outcomes of women's self-sexualization. Specifically, it was hypothesized that gender-specific system justification would mediate the relationships between women's intentions regarding and enjoyment of self-sexualization and (a) endorsement of benevolent sexist attitudes; (b) environmental mastery; (c) general positive affect; and (d) general negative affect. Participants were 190 heterosexual-identified women over the age of 18, surveyed through college courses, social media, and email advertisement. Measures included the Sexualizing Behavior Scale (SBS; Nowatzki & Morry, 2009), the Enjoyment of Sexualization Scale (ESS; Liss, Erchull, & Ramsey, 2011), a gender-specific system justification scale (as modified and used by Jost and Kay, 2005), the Benevolent Sexism subscale of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the Environmental Mastery subscale from the Psychological Well-being Inventory (PWBI; Ryff, 1989), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form (PANAS-X; Watson & Clark, 1999). Self-esteem was also examined as an exploratory criterion variable, using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (RSE; Rosenberg, 1965). Data were analyzed through path analysis, and results indicated a number of significant direct paths between variables; however, none of the indirect paths was significant, indicating lack of support for the general hypothesis that gender-specific system justification would mediate the links between self-sexualizing and the criterion variables of interest. Implications of this study include illuminating the role of societal context in shaping the function of marginalized individuals' behaviors, as well as advancing feminist scholarship by bridging the opposing views regarding women's self-sexualizing behaviors.
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Yalcin, Zeynep Sila. "Effects Of Ambivalent Sexism, Locus Of Control, Empathy, And Belief In A Just World On Attitudes Toward Rape Victims." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607122/index.pdf.
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The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of ambivalent sexism, locus of control, empathy and belief in a just world on attitudes toward rape victims. In order to do so, 425 graduate and undergraduate students at Middle East Technical University participated in the current study. The results of the study indicated that hostile sexism (β
= .47), empathy (&
#946
= -.28), education (&
#946
= -.22), internal locus of control (&
#946
= .10), belief in a just world (&
#946
= .10), benevolent sexism (&
#946
= .10) and income (&
#946
= -.09) had a significant contribution on the participants&rsquo
unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims after eliminating the effects of age and education. Additional analysis further revealed that male participants demonstrated significantly more endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than female participants. The main effect of pornography viewing on attitudes toward rape victims was not found significant. However, the results further indicated that there was a significant interaction effect among gender, pornography viewing and empathy. That is, in the high victim empathy condition male participants who had been exposed to pornography scored significantly higher on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than those who had never been exposed to it. On the other hand, in the high empathy condition, female participants who viewed pornography showed less endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than those who never viewed pornography. Finally, the results of the study indicated that the interaction effects of pornography viewing and hostile sexism were significant. Indeed, in the high hostile sexism condition, both male and female participants who were exposed to pornography showed significantly greater endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims when compared to those who did not watch pornography. The major contributions of this thesis are (1) investigating some of the effects of important demographic variables such as age, education and income, (2) comparing the unique contributions of locus of control, empathy, belief in a just world, hostile and benevolent sexism with a hierarchical regression analysis, and (3) showing the interaction effects of some variables like gender, pornography viewing, levels of empathy and hostile sexism on participants&rsquo
attitudes toward rape victims.
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Martinger, Henric. "Terms of endearment in American Soap Operas : A corpus study of honey, sweetheart and darling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24299.
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This thesis investigates three terms of endearment in soap operas, namely honey, sweetheart and darling. The purpose is to determine how these terms are used and in what context. 200 tokens were taken from the Corpus of American Soap Operas which contains 10 different soaps. The results indicate that more women utilize terms of endearment overall in soap operas, both to men and to other females. However, women are also mostly addressed with these terms. Honey is used mostly woman-to-woman, sweetheart most man-to-woman and darling is used mostly by women addressing men. Furthermore, honey occurs most frequently and almost all terms are used in a positive way, but there were some few exceptions however. In general, a term of endearment is mostly utilized at the end of a sentence, and individuals who are addressed with honey, sweetheart or darling do not usually respond with a similar term in return. An analysis of the social relationships between the characters/speakers of terms of endearment was also conducted, and it indicated that romantic couples and mother-to-son were common constellations where these terms often occurred. Furthermore, no instances were found where men used terms of endearment to other men. Moreover, the portrayal of men and women in soaps are not that stereotypical that one may suspect, but there are still stereotypical characteristics to find. This paper also suggests that terms of endearment are more common in soap operas than in authentic speech. The conclusion is that the findings in this thesis are important but further and more comprehensive studies have to be conducted in order to establish that the results presented here are reliable and accurate.
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Bailey-Walker, Tonya M. "Leading the Way: Capturing the Lived Experiences of African American Female Superintendents in the State of Ohio." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1523010652732375.
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Yeung, Amy. "Lay misperceptions of the relationship between men’s benevolent and hostile sexism." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6958.
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Although there is a reliably positive association between hostile (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS), lay perceptions of this association have not been directly tested. I predicted that people perceive an illusory negative association between men’s HS and BS attitudes because lay theories expect men to have univalent attitudes toward women. In Study 1, I manipulated the target’s gender and responses on a subscale of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (high HS, low HS, high BS, or low BS). The low BS male target (compared to high BS male target) was judged to be higher on HS, less supportive of female professionals, less good of father and husband, and more likely to perpetrate domestic violence. Ratings of the low BS male target were as equally negative as those of the high HS male target. In Study 2, low BS male targets were judged to be low in hostility towards women only if they explicitly stated that their low BS was motivated by egalitarian values, otherwise men’s low BS was assumed to indicate misogyny. Implications of the misconception of BS in men and future directions are discussed.
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Kelly, Theresa. "Judgments and Perceptions Of Blame: The Impact Of Benevolent Sexism And Rape Type On Attributions Of Responsibility In Sexual Assault." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17781.
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Observers’ attributions of culpability in sexual assault cases have been studied in the context of psycholegal variables to explain how they come to their conclusions. Most research has revealed that there are differences between stranger and acquaintance rape, where victims of the latter are more likely to be blamed (Allgeier & Allgeier, 1995; Bridges & McGrail, 1989; Littleton, 2001; Mynatt & Allgeier, 1990; Scronce & Corcoran, 1995; Schuller & Klippenstine, 2004; Tetreault & Barnett, 1987). However, the work has been largely limited to examining rape myth acceptance and gender differences of observers. The present study addressed these limitations. The goals of this study were: (1) to examine judgments of perpetrator responsibility, (2) to examine the relationship between benevolent sexism and victim blame in an acquaintance rape, (3) to examine as to how benevolent sexism influences assailant blame, and (4) to examine differences between males and females on a sexism measure in relation to attribution of blame.
This research utilized a community sample. Several groups of measures were utilized, including sexual assault vignettes with a questionnaire that assessed perceptions of sexual assault. Also administered were measures that assessed for social desirability, benevolent sexism, the preference for unequal relationships, and demographics. Two studies were conducted. The first one was a pilot study, which gathered qualitative and descriptive data for a measure designed specifically for this research. Participants (n= 20) reported that the measure was simple to read, understand and complete. The second study (200 participants) focused on the goals outlined and obtained reliability and principal components analysis information. Findings from study 2 revealed no significant differences between men and women in attribution of responsibility. However, assailant-victim relationship, and the presence of alcohol were statistically significant for blame. Although men scored higher on benevolent sexism in general, women obtained high scores when assailant-victim relationship and the presence of alcohol in the scenarios were taken into account. Similar to previous research (Abrams, Viki, Masser, & Bohner, 2003; Viki & Abrams, 2002; Viki, Masser, & Abrams, 2004), benevolent sexism was found to act as a moderator. Implications from results from this study were also discussed.
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Spencer, Kevin Wayne. "College students' preference toward benevolent sexist mates." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1724.pdf.
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Guerreiro, Ana Afonso. "Aceitação dos mitos da violência doméstica e as variáveis preditoras." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/3151.
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Dissertação de mest., Psicologia Clínica e Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2011A investigação que desenvolvemos é um estudo correlacional de verificação de modelo, no qual se observa a relação entre o sexismo ambivalente, o cavalheirismo paternalista e o amor romântico e o papel destas variáveis como preditoras da aceitação dos mitos da violência doméstica. Foram inquiridos 183 indivíduos, de ambos os géneros em Portugal, presencialmente e através de um questionário online. Os nossos dados mostram uma relação positiva entre religiosidade e sexismo benevolente e cavalheirismo paternalista. Assim como, entre sexismo benevolente, cavalheirismo paternalista e amor romântico. O cavalheirismo paternalista relaciona-se positivamente também com o sexismo hostil. De acordo com as nossas expectativas, o cavalheirismo paternalista, o amor romântico e o sexismo hostil são preditores da aceitação dos mitos da violência doméstica. O modelo apresenta um bom ajustamento com um χ 2 / 5 = 2.944, p = .709, GFI = .99, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = .000
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Motta, Virginia Ribeiro. "A diversidade de género dentro do setor de tecnologia da informação: um estudo de caso sobre uma empresa de tecnologia brasileira." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/14618.
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Globalmente, o tema diversidade tem sido debatido em todos os lugares, tais como: governo, universidades, empresas, partidos políticos, entre outros. Assim, o presente trabalho foi baseado num estudo de caso sobre uma empresa de Tecnologia da Informação, sediada na cidade de Belo Horizonte (Brasil). Este estudo, de carácter quantitativo (n = 57) e qualitativo (n = 6), tem como objetivo analisar como a questão de género, identidade e conflito trabalho-família (TF) e família-trabalho (FT) estão presentes dentro do setor da tecnologia e verificar quais os efeitos destas variáveis nos comportamentos dos indivíduos, principalmente, relacionados ao sexismo ambivalente. Procurou ainda entender-se como o conflito TF-FT atravessa e impacta a vida dos trabalhadores do setor de Tecnologia da Informação, favorecendo ou não a diversidade de género, e como as ações afirmativas relacionadas ao género são percebidas por estes indivíduos. Os resultados mostram que o neosexismo está cada vez mais presente dentro das organizações e as pessoas negam o facto de preconceitos e discriminações ainda estarem presentes na sociedade, principalmente em empresas com o modelo cultural de startups. Os temas diversidade e preconceito continuam latentes. Somente com estudos e ações que, realmente modifiquem os comportamentos sexistas, poderemos caminhar para uma sociedade onde todos gozam de direitos iguais.Globally, the issue of diversity has been debated everywhere, such as: government, universities, companies, political parties, among others. Thus, the present work was based on a case study about an Information Technology company, based in the city of Belo Horizonte (Brazil). This quantitative (n = 57) and qualitative (n = 6) study aims to analyze how the issue of gender, identity and work-family (WF) and family-work (FW) conflict are present within the technology sector and to verify the effects of these variables on the behavior of individuals, mainly related to ambivalent sexism. We also sought to understand how the WF-FW conflict crosses and impacts the lives of Information Technology workers, whether or not they favor gender diversity, and how gender-affirmative actions are perceived by these individuals. The results show that neosexism is increasingly present within organizations and people deny the fact that prejudice and discrimination are still present in society, especially in companies with the cultural model of startups. The themes diversity and prejudice remain latent. Only through studies and actions that really change sexist behavior can we move towards a society where everyone enjoys equal rights.