Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bénévoles en service social'

L'expérience vécue de la relation d'aide chez les bénévoles d'associations caritatives se transforme alors que les grandes idéologies et les morales "totales", qui médiatisaient naguère le rapport à la pauvreté, perdent leur emprise. Les logiques d'engagement et celles qui gouvernent à l'orientation de la relation d'aide sont distinctes. Les "motivations" n'emportent aucune détermination forte quant à l'orientation à donner à l'action. Pour donner sens à la situation d'aide et orienter leur action, les bénévoles puisent alors dans un répertoire culturel de cadres moraux. Mais les plans d'action qui s'offrent à eux sont multiples, et aucune raison objective de trancher ne parvient à s'imposer. La subjectivité du bénéficiaire constitue, dès lors, le seul critère disponible pour orienter l'action, et la relation d'aide prend la forme d'une responsabilité-pour-autrui expérimentée à la première personne.

Que signifie donner son temps ? La problématique est abordée sous l'angle du bénévolat dans une association caritative marseillaise entre juin 1999 et juillet 2001. Nous commencons par recadrer le bénévolat dans le champ de la linéarisation du temps, avant de cerner le contexte de la recherche dans un second chapitre. La politique et la philosophie associatives sont ensuite confrontées aux motivations des bénévoles, avant de plonger au coeur de l'accueil de nuit, consacré aux SDF. D'abord sous l'angle du rapport bénévole/SDF (identification, contact, attraction/répulsion) qui réévalue la mémoire collective commune du mendiant. Puis sous l'angle du don qui repose les schémas d'une présupposée unilatéralité de contexte. Le dernier chapitre analyse les temporalités de la sphère salariale : les salariés sont aussi des "donneurs de temps". Nous concluons à l'invisibilité du don de temps pour tout receveur et à sa subjectivité peu compensatrice menant à d'insolubles conflits statutaires.

La recherche porte sur la reconnaissance de l’éthos professionnel de coordinateurs associatifs placés en situation d'accompagnement de bénévoles. Elle mobilise un cadre théorique qui articule les travaux sur la professionnalité émergente (Jorro, 2011) et l'éthos professionnel (Jorro, 2009 ; 2010) avec la théorie des communautés de pratique (Wenger, 2005). La méthodologie de recherche repose sur des entretiens d'explicitation (Vermersch, 1994) et de décryptage du sens (Faingold, 1998) pour accéder aux valeurs agies qui spécifient l’engagement dans une pratique culturelle (Billett, 2008). Les résultats révèlent l'émergence d'une communauté d'apprentissage salarié/bénévoles qui accompagne la construction de l’éthos professionnel des coordinateurs tout en interrogeant la formalisation de sa reconnaissance (Belair, 2009). Ces résultats de recherche ouvrent des pistes de réflexion susceptibles de contribuer au développement professionnel des acteurs associatifs
The research focuses on professional ethos recognition of associative coordinators placed in a position of volunteers’ accompaniment. It mobilizes a theoretical framework that articulates work on emergent professionalism (Jorro, 2011) and professional ethos (Jorro, 2009; 2010) with communities of practice theory (Wenger, 2005). The research methodology is based on elicitation interviews (Vermersch 1994) and ‘decryption of meaning interviews’ (Faingold, 1998) to access to ‘acted out values’ ​​that specify commitment in a cultural practice (Billett, 2008). The results reveal an emergent employee/volunteers learning community accompanying professional ethos construction while questioning the formalization of its recognition (Belair, 2009). These research results provide lines of thought that can contribute to the professional development of associative actors

Au sortir de la Première Guerre mondiale, le coup d'arrêt donné à la politique américaine d'immigration a pour conséquence l'interruption involontaire des vagues migratoires traversant l'Europe. Un mouvement philanthropique américain se soucie des effets de cette politique et crée un vaste réseau de services sociaux chargés de porter secours aux familles et aux enfants qui, dans les villes et les ports, attendent souvent en vain le laissez-passer vers les Etats-Unis. C'est la création de l'International Migration Service qui, en France, deviendra en 1926 le Service Social d'Aide aux Emigrants (SSAE). Pendant les années trente, le SSAE va largement dépasser ces tâches d'assistance pour proposer aux pouvoirs publics la mise en place d'une politique sociale liée à la main-d'œuvre étrangère ainsi qu'au regroupement familial, à l'aide aux réfugiés et aux rapatriements de certains étrangers. L'arrivée de la guerre et de l'Occupation menacent l'existence du service. Il parvient néanmoins à conserver ses moyens d'action et voit ses attributions se développer en matière d'assistance sociale. Il intervient dans les camps d'internement et assure la gestion de fonds d'aide pour les réfugiés. Il travaille avec les autorités du Gouvernement de Vichy mais aussi avec toutes les œuvres de secours, israélites pour la plupart. L'intensification de la répression envers la population juive engage certaines professionnelles à dépasser le cadre du strict légalisme. Elles participent à des sauvetages d'enfants et assistent des familles vivant en clandestinité. Ainsi, entre légalisme et actions clandestines, le SSAE tente jusqu'à la fin de la guerre de concilier pragmatisme et humanisme
At the end of the First World War, the stop given to the American immigration policy had as a consequence the involuntary interruption of the migratory waves through Europe. A philanthropic American movement is concerned with the effects of this policy, and creates a vest network of social services in charge of helping the families and the children who, in the cities and the harbors, are often waiting for a pass towards the United States vainly. It will produce the creation of the International Migration Service (IMS) that, in France, will become the Social Service of Assistance for the Emigrants (SSAE) in 1926. During the thirties, the SSAE will widely surpass these assistance’s purposes in proposing to the public authorities the organisation of a social policy linked to the foreign workmanship as well as to family’s reuniting, to the help of refugees and to the bringing home of some foreigners. The advent of the war and German invasion threaten the Service’s existence. Nevertheless, it succeeds preserving its own means of action, and achieves the development of its functions regarding social assistance. It intervenes in the confining camps and manage the assistance funds for the refugees. It works along with the authorities of the Government of Vichy but also with all the relief works, Jewish mostly. The intensification of the persecutions against the Jewish population engages some social workers to surpass the framework of a strict legality. They participate in rescuing actions regarding children, and attend families living in clandestineness. Thus, between legality and clandestine actions, the SSAE tries, until the en war, to reconcile pragmatism and humanism

Cette recherche porte sur les soins de santé d’enfants et d’adolescents « roms » vivant en bidonville dans le Pas-de-Calais (France). Elle s’attache à rendre compte de leurs parcours de soins et de la place particulière occupée par leurs mères et les bénévoles d’une organisation humanitaire, Médecins du Monde. Dans cette perspective, nous considérons le soin apporté à ces enfants sous l’angle de l’exclusion. Malgré des dispositifs pour favoriser l’accès aux soins des patients « exclus », le terrain a montré les difficultés des familles « roms » à y accéder. La médiation en santé mise en œuvre par de Médecins du Monde vient alors pallier ces manques. A partir d’une enquête ethnographique de 22 mois, nous avons suivi des parcours de soins d’enfants et d’adolescents « roms » en cherchant à comprendre ce qu’ils nous disent sur le système de soins français, et sur l’intervention humanitaire en France. Notre thèse met en évidence les étapes institutionnalisées de trois trajectoires de soins dans le bidonville, en médecine de ville et à l’hôpital. La complexité de certaines procédures, comme le dispositif PASS à l’hôpital, ne garantit pas un accès aux soins équitable. Les interstices de ces trajectoires, que sont les trajets et les salles d’attente, fournissent des éléments sur la socialisation des enfants du bidonville et de leurs mères. Se rendre dans une structure de soins incarne une rencontre, ce qui amène à considérer le soin comme une activité de restauration du lien social.Les trajectoires de soins mettent également en avant le rôle des bénévoles de Médecins du Monde. Ces derniers élaborent des activités de médiation en santé qui diffèrent selon leur socialisation et leurs représentations du travail bénévole. De leur côté, les mères mettent en place des tactiques afin d’opérer un choix parmi les médiateurs et leurs méthodes, ce qui atteste d’une utilisation pragmatique de l’activité. Enfin, les soins de santé prodigués aux enfants par leurs mères et Médecins du Monde témoignent d’une prise en charge spécifique avec un amoindrissement du soin au fil de l’avancée en âge. Alors que les acteurs accordent une attention importante à la santé des bébés et des petits enfants, le soin s’estompe durant l’enfance, en particulier pour les garçons. Le passage progressif à l’adolescence met en évidence un soin différencié selon le sexe qui se polarise autour des soins gynécologiques et obstétriques pour les filles, tandis que les garçons, jugés virils et autonomes, n’utilisent pas les dispositifs de soins proposés par Médecins du Monde.A l’issue de ce travail, les parcours de soins questionnent l’accès aux soins des patients démunis et étrangers ainsi que le travail humanitaire. Ils mettent également en avant la place de deux acteurs centraux de la thèse : les mères et leur implication dans les parcours de soins ; les enfants et ce que leur apportent ces parcours de soins dans un contexte d’exclusion sociale
This research concerns health care for “Romani” children and adolescents living in shanty towns in Pas-de-Calais (France). It aims at understanding their healthcare pathways and the specific role taken by their mothers and volunteers of a humanitarian aid organization, Médecins du Monde. In this light, we consider the care given to these children with a social exclusion perspective. Despite the plans meant to facilitate access to healthcare by “excluded” patients, our fieldwork showed the difficulties for “Romani” families to reach those. Health mediation set in place by Médecins du Monde then comes to alleviate these shortcomings. Based on 22 months of ethnographic study, we followed the path taken by “Romani” children and adolescents, trying to understand what they tell us about the french healthcare system, and about humanitarian aid interventions in France. Our thesis sheds light on the institutionalized stages of three healthcare pathways in the shanty town, with city doctors and hospitals. The complexity of some procedures, like the PASS plan in hospital, does not guarantee equal treatment in healthcare. The interstices within these trajectories, including commuting and waiting rooms, give us material on the socialization of these children and their mothers. Accessing a healthcare facility represents a form of meeting, which leads us to consider care as an activity restoring social ties.Healthcare pathways also show the role of volunteers from Médecins du Monde. The latter elaborate mediation activities varying according to their socialization and representations of volunteer aid work. Mothers, on the other hand, engage in tactics to choose among mediators and their methods, which documents a pragmatic use of activity. Finally, the care given to children by mothers and Médecins du Monde workers show a specific handling with a diminishing care with age progression. Although actors pay crucial attention to the well-being of babies and small children, care fades away during childhood, particularly for boys. The progressive coming to adolescence demonstrates unequal care along the lines of sex, which polarizes around gynecological and obstetric care for girls, while boys, deemed manly and autonomous, do not use the care plans offered by Médecins du Monde.On a final note, healthcare pathways question access to care by poor and foreign patients, as well as humanitarian aid work. They also put forth the role of two central actors in the thesis: the mothers and their implication in healthcare pathways; the children and what their paths bring along in a context of social exclusion

Cette thèse explore le discours des citoyens ordinaires sur les raisons de leur engagement en santé. L’auteur s’est appuyé sur un modèle théorique de la sociologie de l’action collective développé par Florence Passy pour l’engagement altruiste dans le but d’analyser les déterminants et paramètres de l’engagement en santé. 30 entretiens de type semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de citoyens engagés dans des actions de santé (associatives ou relevant de dispositifs participatifs comme les jury citoyens ou les actions de santé communautaire). Elle a mis en évidence le processus de légitimation, de rationalisation des raisons d’être de leur engagement opéré par ces acteurs et repéré les principales spécificités de ce type d’engagement. Celui-ci remet en cause les dualités classiques : structurel/ intentionnel, individu/ collectif, expertise profane/ expertise savante, activité bénévole / professionnelle. Le militant en santé conjugue les différents modèles de militants habituellement décrits par les sociologues, c’est pourquoi l’auteur a conclu à un engagement frontière sinon modèle
New forms of governance, including citizen’s participation, are emerging in the field of public health. This thesis considers the reasons why citizens, who are involved in non governmental organisations (NGOs), are interested in new approaches of participation such as citizen's juries. The author uses theories of social movement and explores the theoretical model developed by Florence Passy for the altruistic commitment. She focuses on the parameters and determinants of the health commitment with the different objects and forms. Thirty non direct interviews were conducted with citizens. These citizens were involved in NGO health projects, neighbourhood health community workers or were involved in new mechanisms of participation like citizen's juries. She shows how the citizens legitimise and rationalise the reasons of their commitment. The author explores the specific characteristics of this commitment which question the classic dualities: individual/ collective, lay person/expert, voluntary helper/paid worker. She shows that a person who wishes to improve health reflects a mixture of the classic sociological models of militancy. The author concludes that a commitment by these people can push back frontiers and possibility is a model of future participation

Ce mémoire de recherche explore les défis posés par l'engagement bénévole d'aînés à la lumière de pratiques actuelles d'aînés et de prospectives liées à la prochaine génération d'aînés, soit les baby-boomers. Plus précisément, il cherche à répondre à la question suivante : Comment favoriser la mobilisation des futurs aînés par rapport à la relève bénévole dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population au Québec? En effet, le vieillissement de la population, conjugué au vieillissement des bénévoles en place, laisse présager l'impossibilité d'assurer une relève suffisante aux bénévoles vieillissants. C'est par l'analyse thématique d'un corpus de données issu du projet Villes Amies des Aînés du Québec (auprès d'aînés) et de trois corpus issus du présent mémoire (auprès d'informateurs clé du secteur bénévole et de futurs aînés appartenant à la génération des baby-boomers) qu'émerge un nouveau constat sur la réalité actuelle. De fait, à travers les résultats apparaît un processus circulaire de la relève bénévole au Québec, qui met en lumière la professionnalisation du bénévolat au détriment du développement du pouvoir d'agir des différents acteurs concernés. L'exploration d'un modèle innovant de gestion utilisé en santé et services sociaux vise à contrer ce processus.

La présence de personnes sans-abri dans l’espace public est un problème social ancien auquel depuis longtemps l’État cherche à remédier. À partir des années 1990, et plus encore après la promulgation, en juillet 1998, de la loi de lutte contre les exclusions, l’action publique s’incarne dans des dispositifs dits de « veille sociale » dont la mise en œuvre est majoritairement confiée, par délégation de service, au monde associatif. Parmi ces dispositifs, les « maraudes » désignent l’action d’équipes mobiles dont la mission est d’aller à la rencontre des sans-abri directement dans la rue. Les maraudes constituent l’objet empirique de cette thèse dont l’objectif est d’étudier cette activité en tenant compte à la fois de la pluralité de ses opérateurs – particulièrement des associations – et de la diversité de ses intervenants salariés et bénévoles, professionnels (notamment du travail social) ou non-professionnels. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée à Paris dans trois associations de solidarité et combinant observation participante et entretiens biographiques, l’enjeu est d’éclairer les tensions inhérentes à cette situation de coprésence d’acteurs collectifs et individuels en analysant conjointement les maraudes comme un monde du travail et comme un espace d’engagement. Par ces entrées analytiques, il s’agit plus généralement de contribuer à la compréhension des dynamiques de frontières dans un secteur – celui de l’urgence sociale – où persistent des ambiguïtés entre travail social et bénévolat, entre action publique et secours privé, entre valorisation de la professionnalité et reconnaissance du dévouement altruiste, et dans lequel les limites entre les missions sont incertaines. Une perspective interactionniste, inspirée à la fois de la sociologie du travail et des professions, permet en premier lieu de soulever le rôle central des pouvoirs publics dans la régulation de l’activité par la diffusion de multiples injonctions – notamment à la « professionnalisation » et à la « coordination des maraudes » – auxquelles les trois organisations enquêtées souscrivent différemment, allant d’un rapport d’alliance à un rapport d’autonomie. L’étude de la division du travail éclaire ensuite la hiérarchie de noblesse des tâches ainsi que leur distribution, qui valorisent les fonctions d’accompagnement social prioritairement attribuée aux « maraudes professionnelles » et déprécie les missions de distribution, notamment alimentaire, qui incombent aux « maraudes bénévoles ». L’observation de stratégies de résistance à cette division – les équipes bénévoles souhaitant également assurer le « suivi » des sans-domicile – révèle dès lors l’existence de luttes de juridiction qui ont pour enjeux le contrôle d’un territoire à la fois spatial et professionnel mais aussi la maîtrise des savoirs essentiellement tacites et acquis par l’expérience. Empruntant à la sociologie de l’engagement, un regard resserré sur les maraudeurs et leurs trajectoires autorise en second lieu le dépassement de cette opposition (professionnel/bénévole). D’abord en montrant l’intrication et l’hybridation des carrières bénévoles et professionnelles, les maraudeurs salariés ayant très souvent eu une pratique de bénévolat préalable et certains bénévoles utilisant la maraude comme une expérience de préprofessionnalisation dans le travail social. Ensuite, en identifiant des continuités dans les façons de voir et d’exercer l’activité qui transcendent les appartenances associatives et les conditions statutaires pour mieux révéler l’influence de modes de socialisation (familial, militant, professionnel)
The presence of homeless people in the public space is an ancient social problem that the State has been attempting to solve for a long time. From the 90’s on - and especially after the enactment, in 1998, of the law fighting against social exclusion - government intervention has been embodied in a package of social measures under the umbrella term of “social watch” (“veille sociale”). Its implementation has been mainly entrusted to not-for-profit associations and charities, through delegation of public service programs. Among these measures, the mobile outreach programs describe the action of mobile teams given the mission to connect and engage with homeless people in the streets. The mobile outreach program constitutes the empirical subject of this thesis. The aim is to study this activity by taking into account the plurality of its actors - especially the not-for-profit associations - and the diversity of its contributors, both employees and volunteers as well as professional and non-professional social workers. Based on an ethnographic study led in Paris involving three different charity organizations, it combines participant observation and biographical interviews. The aim is to bring into view and clarify situations of inherent tension in this copresence of collective and individual actors through an analysis of mobile outreach programs as both places of work and social commitment. This analysis more generally enables an understanding of the dynamic boundaries within the field of social urgency, in which there are many persistant ambiguities. Ambiguities abound between social work and volunteering, public actions and private initiatives, between the prominence given to promote professionalism and the acknowledgment of altruistic dedication. The boundaries among these different missions remain vague and uncertain. An interactionist perspective inspired by the sociology of work and employment enables us to raise the issue of the main role played by the public authorities. They regulate the social outreach activity through multiple injunctions, notably with particular emphasis on professionalization and coordination of the mobile outreach program. The three different organizations that are the subject of enquiry take different approaches to those injunctions, whether in a relation of alliance or autonomy. The analysis of work divisions sheds light on the hierarchical division of labour as well as the question of how tasks are delegated. Social support and follow up missions are prioritised to professional outreach workers while responsibility for the less well considered missions such as food runs and distribution are handed over to the volunteer outreach workers. Observation of the different strategies of resistance towards this division reveal a struggle over jurisdiction – volunteer outreach workers equally want to be a part of the support and follow up missions and highlight what is at stake: the control of territory both physical and professional, as well as the mastery of knowledge which is essentially tacit and acquired through experience. By looking closer at volunteer outreach workers and their trajectories through the lens of sociology, the boundary between professional and volunteer can be seen to be an artificial one. First, by showing the overlap and hybridisation between the trajectories of volunteers and professionals: wage-earning outreach workers have a lot of the time practiced volunteering before, while on the other hand, some volunteers use the outreach programs as a way to enter the professional world of social work. Then by underlining the continuity in the way of seeing and practicing the activity that transcends organizations’ affiliations and status to better reveal the influence of different modes of socialization, be it through family, advocacy or work

La maltraitance envers les personnes aînées est un problème social qui touche près d’une personne aînée sur six dans le monde (Yon, Mikton, Gassoumis et Wilber, 2017). Des intervenants de diverses disciplines et des organisations agissent de façon multisectorielle dans la lutte contre la maltraitance envers les personnes aînées en posant des actions de prévention, de repérage et d’accompagnement. De ces organisations, les organismes à but non lucratif (OBNL) et les intervenants et les bénévoles qui y oeuvrent jouent un rôle clé dans l’accompagnement des personnes aînées maltraitées (Gouvernement du Québec, 2016). Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche menée par la Chaire de recherche sur la maltraitance envers les personnes aînées qui porte sur l’action bénévole dans la lutte contre la maltraitance matérielle et financière envers les personnes aînées. De nature exploratoire et privilégiant une approche qualitative, cette étude a pour but de saisir l’expérience des personnes aînées accompagnées par un bénévole ou par un intervenant d’un OBNL pour une situation de maltraitance. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées auprès de 11 personnes aînées ayant été accompagnées par un bénévole ou un intervenant d’un OBNL pour une situation de maltraitance ont été menées. Prenant appui sur le cadre théorique de la sociologie de l’expérience de Dubet (1994, 2007), une analyse thématique (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2012), suivie d’une analyse typologique (Schnapper, 2005, 2012) a permis de proposer un modèle théorique qui expose la manière dont s’articule l’expérience d’accompagnement dans les OBNL des personnes aînées maltraitées. Deux variables influencent leur expérience d’accompagnement, soit la manière dont elles ont intériorisé le fait de recourir à de l’aide et la façon dont elles ont vécu les interactions avec les bénévoles et les intervenants d’OBNL. Quatre types distincts d’expérience d’accompagnement se dégagent : l’accompagnement-bénéfique, l’accompagnementpositif, l’accompagnement-menaçant et l’accompagnement-discontinu.
The mistreatment of older adults is a social problem that touches close to an older adult on six in the world (Yon et al., 2017). Intervention workers of various disciplines and multisectoral organizations act in the fight against the mistreatment of older adults by posing actions including prevention, detection and accompaniment. Of these organizations, non-profit organizations (NPO) as well as their intervention workers and volunteers, play a key role in the accompaniment of mistreated older adults (Gouvernement du Québec, 2016). This study lies between the scope of a research project carried out by the Research Chair on Mistreatment of Older Adults which focuses on volunteering to counter material and financial mistreatment of older adults. Of exploratory nature and promoting a qualitative approach, this study aims to seize the experience of individual older adults accompanied by a NPO’s volunteer or an intervention worker in a mistreatment situation. Eleven semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with older adults having been accompanied by a NPO’s volunteer or intervention worker in a mistreatment situation. Taking support on the theoretical framework of Dubet’s sociology of experience (1994, 2007), a thematic analysis (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2012), followed by a typological analysis (Schnapper, 2005, 2012), allowed to propose a theoretical model which exposes the way in which the experience of accompaniment of mistreated older adults is articulated. Two variables influence their accompaniment experience: the way that they internalized the fact of seeking help as well as the way that they lived the interactions with the NPO’s volunteers and the intervention workers. Four distinct types of accompanying experience emerge: the beneficial-accompaniment, the positive-accompaniment, the threatening-accompaniment and the discontinuous-accompaniment.

Si elle est incontestablement guidee par des considerations d'equite, la collaboration occasionnelle au service public reste une notion juridique qui peut se definir comme l'hypothese ou une personne participe a un service public de facon justifiee (apres demande ou acceptation de l'administration ou en raison d'une urgence necessite) et effective, sans appartenir a une autre categorie de collaborateurs du service public et sans etre remuneree lorsque cette participation ne constitue pas l'exercice de son activite professionnelle ou ne resulte pas d'une contrainte. Elle n'a cependant pas atteint son point d'achevement. Il reste quelques incertitudes sur le contenu ou la portee de certains criteres. Par ailleurs, la qualite de collaborateur occasionnel n'est pas toujours reconnue par le juge judiciaire et la doctrine dans des hypotheses qui en presentent pourtant toutes les caracteristiques. Le regime juridique de la collaboration occasionnelle au service public n'est ni unique ni exclusif. Il depend de la qualite du requerant (collaborateur, administration ou tiers). De plus, tous les collaborateurs occasionnels ne sont pas soumis aux memes regles. Ces dernieres ne presentent aucune originalite. Il s'agit de l'application de regimes preexistants. La seule originalite peut se trouver dans le fondement du regime d'indemnisation des collaborateurs occasionnels d'un service public administratif gere par une personne publique. En effet, les fondements invoques dans cette situation nous semblent inadaptes pour justifier la reparation. C'est le principe de continuite du service public qui parait le mieux approprie pour expliquer l'indemnisation
If it is undeniably guided by considerations of equity, the occasionnal contribution to a public service remains a legal notion which can be depined as the situation where a person acts in a public service in a manner justified (after a request or an acceptance of the administration or because of an urgent necessity) and effective, without belonging to another category of public service collaborators and without being paid when this participation doesn't constitute the exercice of this professional activity or not result from force. It has not however achieved its aim. There remains some uncertainties on the content or scope of the criteria. Futhermore, the quality of the occasionnal contributor is not always recognised by the civil law judge and legal doctrine in situations which nevertheless present them with all the characteristics. The judicial regime of the occasionnal contributor to a public service is neither unique nor exclusive. It depends on the status of the plaintipp (contributor, administration or a third party). In addition, not all of the occasionnal contributors are subjected to the same rules. The latter presents nothing. Originality. It acts as the application of schemes which already exist the only originality can be found in the creation of a indemnity for occasionnal contributors in a service public managed by a public person. In effect, the foundations put forward in this situation seem to be inadapted to justify compensation. It is the principal of public service continuity which appears most appropriate to explain the indemnity scheme

L’institution totalisante, en tant qu’institution close sur elle-même, hermétique au monde n’existe pas, ni dans l’absolu ni comme idéal type auquel serait comparé, par exemple, l’institution pénitentiaire. Il existe toujours des interfaces humaines, matérielles et temporelles entre les différents espaces sociaux fussent-elles délimitées par des murs et des barbelés. Il convient pour aborder l’univers carcéral, celui dans lequel nous portons notre étude tout en y étant détenu, de parler plutôt d’institution totalisante où se joue continuellement un conflit entre rationalité formelle et matérielle, mais aussi un conflit aux dimensions puissantes de socialisation, de reconfiguration des comportements et de subjectivation des vécus. Notre centre de détention présente un exemple de ce conflit entre un univers répressif normalisé et sécuritaire, et un autre empli de stratégies pragmatiques de survie ou de resocialisation. La complexité qui en résulte est à l’image de la société elle-même et du rapport permanent des individus à leurs institutions.Enrichi par nos précédentes recherches, notre présent travail tente d’aborder deux importants aspects que sont le paradigme du don et la théorie de la reconnaissance, et de les articuler avec l’engagement bénévole en détention. Avant tout, nous voulons démontrer que beaucoup d’aspects du paradigme du don et de la théorie de la reconnaissance sont aussi et déjà présents en contexte d’incarcération. Mais ces aspects présentent la particularité de maintenir la vie de l’institution totalisante en circuit fermé, c’est-à-dire sur elle-même.Le paradigme du don à travers le bénévolat amène à repenser l’espace carcéral comme un espace de socialisation à part entière et éminemment en interaction avec l’extérieur. C’est parce qu’elle est en constante relation avec la société que l’institution totalisante a besoin du bénévolat pour que cette relation, prise dans le paradigme du don, fasse des détenus les responsables mêmes de leurs échanges avec l’extérieur. Dès lors, en termes de rationalisation, entendue comme sens donné par les acteurs à leurs actions et à leurs recherches de liens, les visées sont à la fois pragmatiques, utilitaristes, et altruistes, les détenus s’y redéfinissant dans le cadre de la réciprocité, du rendu et de l’offre, plutôt que de la dette, la stigmatisation et la punition.Le lien social est la base du bénévolat/don. Il est bénéfique à tous en termes de réinsertion et de lutte contre le stigmate pour certains, de place dans le jeu du social pour d’autres. Dans un cadre « d’endettement mutuel positif », c’est bien la socialisation qui s’exprime
The “Total Institution”, as a body closed in on itself, isolated from the outside world, does not exist, either as an absolute or as a standard ideal to which, for instance, the penal institution would be compared. There are always human, material and temporal interfaces between the different social spaces, even though they are delimited by walls and barbed wire. In order to understand the prison world, the one in which we are detained and on which we focus our research, the term “all-encompassing” institution is best suited insofar as permanent conflict takes place between formal and material rationalities, along with a powerful conflict of socialization and a reconfiguration of the behaviours and subjectivities of the actors. Our detention center provides an example of these conflicts between a normalized and repressive universe and another, filled with pragmatic strategies of survival or re-socialization. The complexity that results is the same as the one we can find in the entire society and in the permanent relation between individuals and their institutions.Enriched by ours previous research, this study endeavours to tackle two important questions: Gift Paradigm and the Theory of Recognition, and to link them up with the theme of voluntary work in prisons. First of all, we want to show that many aspects of the Gift Paradigm and of the Theory of Recognition are also to be found in jail. But these aspects have one particular consequence: they maintain the life of the institution closed on itself.The Gift Paradigm, through benevolent commitment, leads to the reconsideration of the prison space as a space of fully-fledged socialization and of eminent interaction with the outside world. It is precisely because it is in constant relation with society that the “all-encompassing” institution requires voluntary work and voluntary commitment. Within the benevolent relational act, as it is viewed in the Gift Paradigm framework, the convicts are in the situation of being responsible for their exchanges with the outside world. Then, in terms of rationalization, seen as a meaning given by the actors to their actions and to their needs of relationships, the aims are at the same time pragmatic, utilitarian, and altruistic. The convicts redefine themselves within the scope of reciprocity, return and offer, rather than that of debt, stigmatization and punishment.The social link is at the basis of the “voluntary/gift”. It is beneficial to all prisoners in terms of reinsertion, and in terms of struggle against stigma for some of their role in society (outside mercantile or professional roles) for others. In the same way it is beneficial to the volunteers. In a case of “positive mutual indebting”, it is socialization itself that is expressed

L'objectif principal de la présente thèse est d'investiguer sur l'insertion sociale des personnes âgées dans les politiques publiques menées par l'État brésilien, dans les actions sociales réalisées par l'Église catholique, surtout dans les actions développées par les bénévoles de le Pastorale de la Personne Âgée à João Pessoa, capitale de l'Etat de Paraíba, située dans le nord-est du Brésil. Pour cela, nous avons opté pour une recherche empirique de nature qualitative. Nous avons utilisé comme instruments méthodologiques l'observation participante et l'entretien semi-directif. Deux catégories d'acteurs sociaux ont participé de la présente recherche : 20 personnes âgées qui participent à des activités du Centre de Productions Artistiques - Culturelles de la Personne Âgée, de João Pessoa; et 20 bénévoles de la Pastorale de la Personne Âgée de l'Archidiocèse de Paraíba. Les observations ont été réalisées entre les mois de septembre 2009 et février 2010. Les registres d'observations participantes ont été constitués à travers des réunions, des ateliers, des évènements culturels et loisirs dans le mentionné Centre de Production Artistique-Culturelle de la Personne Âgée et aussi aux moyens d'événements culturels et loisirs du Centre Social de Paroisse Notre Dame de la Conception à João Pessoa (Brésil). L'analyse menée dans le cadre de notre recherche se base sur des fondements théoriques dans le domaine de la sociologie, ainsi que dans les textes de lois brésiliennes et d'autres documents officiels concernant à l'insertion sociale des personnes âgées liées à l'Église catholique au Brésil. [etc.]

Cette contribution repose sur la conviction que le secteur associatif ne peut plus être appréhendé comme une entité se situant hors du système productif. C'est donc pour insister sur la rupture entre ce que l'on identifiait naguère comme le "mouvement" associatif et qui est devenu aujourd'hui un "secteur", que nous proposons de désigner l'ensemble des salariés employés par une association comme relevant d'une seule et même figure : celle du "travailleur associatif". Son unité résidant dans le fait que ces travailleurs incarnent tous, selon des modes spécifiques de socialisation, une forme inédite de salariat de droit de privé au service de l'action publique. La première partie repose sur l'élaboration d'un cadre analytique susceptible d'embrasser l'ensemble des dimensions de "l'espace associatif". Pour y parvenir, il est nécessaire de rompre avec les approches existantes en termes de "secteur sans but lucratif" ou fondées sur la référence à la notion "d'économie associative" qui s'incarne dans une pluralité de formes historiques. Leur mise en lumière s'appuie sur l'exploitation secondaire de l'enquête MATISSE réalisée en 1999. La seconde partie prend pour objet les formes concrètes de la socialisation des travailleurs associatifs. En décrivant leurs conditions de travail et d'emploi sur le marché du travail, elle met en évidence les spécificités de l'intégration professionnelle dans le secteur associatif. D'une part, celui-ci échappe aux critères traditionnels de la reconnaissance professionnelle dans le sens où ce n'est pas le salaire qui constitue la mesure principale de la valeur du travailleur. Et d'autre part, la protection que procure le salariat associatif ne peut reposer entièrement sur l'accès aux droits sociaux dérivés de l'emploi, car sur le marché du travail associatif, c'est bien le salariat atypique qui est typique. Enfin, il est clair que l'émergence de la figure du travailleur associatif est consubstantielle de l'érosion des frontières constitutives de la société salariale dont les fondements essentiels se sont établis autour de couples d'opposition tels que public/privé et salariat/bénévolat. Or, c'est parce qu'il est situé au coeur de ces tensions, qu'on ne peut considérer l'espace associatif comme une réalité homogène et univoque sans risquer d'en donner une représentation substantialisée
This work intends to show that voluntary activity is providing a contribution to the labor sector and that nonprofit activity has become an employment sector. A sample of employees that provide State services (not paid for and not controlled by the State) have been taken as representatives of nonprofit workers. The first section develops a collection of different features of the voluntary situation : it is supported by an analysis framework. The second edition studies different types of employee social reality. Their level of income is independent from qualification and valued skills differentiates them from usual employees. Moreover, they are non-state workers with work obligation but no work protection except what is required by labor agreements. In conclusion, the nonprofit worker stands in the middle of oppositions such as paid/unpaid worker and profit/non-profit, making it impossinle to consider him as an univocal reality or if not, it would be a misrepresentation

L’étiquetage social est une technique de persuasion qui consiste à attribuer à un individu une étiquette (sous forme de trait de personnalité ou de valeur) dans le but de le voir se conformer à celle-ci. Cette approche, qui est par essence positive pour l’individu cible car elle est basée sur un étiquetage de valeurs socialement valorisées, permet d’obtenir de bons résultats sur les changements de comportements. Ce travail de thèse se propose spécifiquement d’interroger l’efficacité de l’étiquetage social dans une démarche de marketing social. A l’aide de quatre études expérimentales, nous testons la pertinence de la méthode dans les domaines de la citoyenneté et des impôts (études 1.1 & 1.2), de la consommation étudiante de drogue et d’alcool (étude 2), et de la sensibilisation à l’écologie d’enfants (étude 3). Nous montrons que la technique peut être efficace dans une démarche de communication sociale, mais nécessite pour cela un effort préalable de compréhension des spécificités du contexte d’application
Social labeling is a persuasion technique which consists of assigning a label to an individual (i.e. personality trait or value) in order to see him/her comply with it. This approach, which is positive for the target individual because it is based on labeling socially valued qualities, provides good results on behavioral changes. This work intends to question the effectiveness of social labeling in a social marketing approach. Using four experimental studies, we test the relevance of the method in the areas of citizenship and taxes (studies 1.1 & 1.2), students drug and alcohol use (study 2), and children environmental awareness (study 3). We show that the technique can be effective in a social communications approach, but requires an appropriate understanding of the application context

Dans cette enquête ethno-sociologique sur la solidarité internationale au Maroc auprès de 24 ONG (de nationalités française, espagnole, italienne, canadienne et marocaine), nous avons pris le parti de focaliser notre recherche sur les expatriés et le personnel national (de 9 nationalités différentes) en tenant compte du sens que donnent les acteurs à cet engagement et ces pratiques de solidarité internationale tout en restituant les parcours et les conditions sociales de l’entrée dans la solidarité internationale.La première partie sera consacrée à la description du cadre d’intervention des ONG internationales au Maroc et les catégories objectives du personnel humanitaire : volontaire, stagiaire, bénévole et salarié. Puis, nous présenterons les processus de recrutement et les activités menées dans les ONG internationales tels qu’ils sont décrits par les acteurs. En définitive, nous questionnerons la tension entre travail et engagement, l’enchantement et le désenchantement.Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous attacherons à décrire les caractéristiques sociologiques des 68 acteurs humanitaires rencontrés en mettant en exergue les déterminants objectifs et subjectifs de l’engagement et du travail dans ce domaine d’activité. Nous finirons par établir une typologie des pratiques de la solidarité internationale donnant à voir un éthos commun d’une communauté partageant des affinités et des expériences culturelles d’autre part nous envisagerons les acteurs de la solidarité internationale comme un groupe professionnel.Enfin, la troisième section sera consacrée à questionner d’une part la pratique migratoire que constitue la mission de solidarité internationale et d’autre part les capitaux et pré-dispositions nécessaires pour la concrétiser. Nous montrerons que l’analyse du travail et de l’engagement via le cosmopolitisme permet de comprendre le sens à la fois objectif et subjectif que revêt ce type d’activité expatriée. Finalement, le travail en ONG est un moyen pour se réaliser et s’émanciper entre filiation et désaffiliation. Alors que cette action transnationale, orientée en valeurs et vers les autres, suppose une rencontre cosmopolite réussie, nous examinerons, à l’aune de la vie quotidienne, les décalages entre la rencontre attendue et la rencontre réalisée
This dissertation contributes to the work of international solidarity NGOs in Morocco through examining the motivations and commitments of their personals. The research focuses on expatriates and national staff, by analysing their career paths and social background, as well as taking into account the sense given to their personal commitments and professional practices while involving in the international solidarity work. The first part devoted to describe the intervention framework of international NGOs in Morocco and the objective of different categories of their humanitarian personals: trainee, volunteer and employee. It examines the processes of recruitment and activities / projects implemented by these international NGOs. Hence, it sought to understand the tensions between job requirements and personal commitments that produced both enchantment and disenchantment among the international solidarity staff. The second part intended to study the sociological characteristics of 68 humanitarian personals that are interviewed from French, Canadian, Spanish, Italian and Moroccan organizations. It highlights the objective and subjective factors that determine their personal commitments and professional performance in this field of work. Therefore, a typology of practices for international solidarity work was set to identify the common ethos within a shared community of different affinities and cultural backgrounds. In addition, it considered the international solidarity actors as professional group. The third part was questioning the migratory practice of the international solidarity mission on the one hand and the financial and pre-arrangements necessary to realize it on the other hand. Furthermore, cosmopolitanism analysis of job requirements and personal commitments was conducted in order to understand the meaning of both objective and subjective in this type of work for the expatriates. Finally, working with international solidarity NGOs becomes a way of achieving and emancipating between affiliation and disaffiliation. While this transnational action is based on values toward others and supposed to develop a successful cosmopolitan encounter, findings from this study reveal the gaps between the expectations and the achievements
En esta investigación etno-sociológica sobre la solidaridad en Marruecos (24 ONG de nacionalidad francesa, española, italiana, marroquí, canadiense), hemos centrado el estudio sobre los empleados expatriados y locales (de 9 nacionalidades diferentes) considerando a la vez el significado que los actores dan a este compromiso y a las prácticas de solidaridad restituyendo las carreras y las condiciones sociales de la entrada en la ONG. La primera parte está dedicada a la descripción del marco de intervención de las ONG internacionales en Marruecos y las categorías objetivas de los empleados humanitarios: voluntarios, asalariados, voluntarios no retribuidos y pasantes. Después, expondremos los procedimientos de selección y las actividades cumplidas. Finalmente, preguntaremos la tensión entre el trabajo y el compromiso, el encanto y el desencanto que produce el trabajo humanitario. Luego en la segunda parte, realizaremos la descripción de las características sociales de los 68 empleados destacando los determinantes objetivos y subjetivos del compromiso y del trabajo en este sector profesional. Acabaremos estableciendo una tipología de las prácticas de la solidaridad internacional dando a ver un ethos común de una comunidad compartiendo experiencias culturales considerándola como un grupo profesional. Por fin, la tercera parte será centrada por una vez preguntando la práctica migratoria que constituye la misión de solidaridad internacional y por otra vez las predisposiciones necesarias para su realización. Vamos a demostrar que el análisis del compromiso y del trabajo humanitario vía el cosmopolitismo permite entender el sentido objetivo y subjetivo que lleva este tipo de actividad. Finalmente, el trabajo humanitario es un medio para realizarse y emanciparse entre filiación y desafiliación. Mientras esta actividad internacional de valor y dirigida hacia los otros, supone un encuentro cosmopolita exitoso, examinaremos la vida cotidiana de los actores para destacar las disparidades entre un encuentro tan esperado y el encuentro cumplido
In questa inchiesta etnico-sociologica sulla solidarietà internazionale in Marocco – che prende in esame 24 ONG (di nazionalità francese, spagnola, italiana, canadese e marocchina) – abbiamo scelto di focalizzare la nostra ricerca sugli espatriati e sul personale nazionale (di 9 nazionalità diverse) tenendo conto del senso che gli agenti hanno dato a questo impegno e a queste pratiche di solidarietà internazionale e ricostruendo i percorsi e le condizioni sociali dalla loro entrata nella solidarietà internazionale. La prima parte sarà dedicata alla descrizione dell’intervento delle ONG internazionali in Marocco e alle categorie oggettive del personale umanitario: volontari, stagisti, impiegati. Successivamente, presenteremo in cosa consiste il processo di selezione e assunzione del personale e parleremo delle attività svolte nelle ONG internazionali, esattamente come vengono descritte dagli agenti stessi. In ultima analisi, ci interrogheremo sulla tensione tra lavoro e impegno, ciò a cui aspiriamo e ciò che effettivamente realizziamo. In un secondo momento, descriveremo le caratteristiche sociologiche dei 68 agenti umanitari che abbiamo incontrato, valorizzando le caratteristiche oggettive e soggettive dell’impegno e del lavoro in questo campo di attività. Finiremo per stabilire l’esistenza di un modello di pratica di solidarietà internazionale, mostrando che esiste un ethos comune in una comunità che condivide delle affinità e delle esperienze culturali simili, e dall’altra parte prenderemo in considerazione gli agenti della solidarietà internazionale come gruppo professionale. Infine, la terza sezione sarà dedicata ad approfondire da una parte la pratica migratoria che la missione di solidarietà internazionale costituisce e dall’altra parte i capitali e le predisposizioni necessari per concretizzarla. Mostreremo, poi, che l’analisi del lavoro e dell’impegno permette di comprendere, attraverso il cosmopolitismo, il senso alla volta oggettivo e soggettivo che questo tipo di attività riveste. In ultimo possiamo dire che il lavoro in un’ONG è un mezzo per realizzarsi ed emanciparsi al di là dell’affiliazione e della disaffiliazione alle società. Poiché questa azione trans-nazionale, orientata ne dare valore agli altri, presuppone un incontro cosmopolita funzionante, esamineremo nella vita quotidiana, la differenza tra l’incontro atteso e quello che effettivamente abbiamo realizzato
تعالج هذه الأطروحة القضايا المتصلة بالتضامن الدولي في المغ رب، وقد تم التركيز فيه على المغتربين والموظفينالوطنيين أخذا بعين الاعتبار المعنى الذي يعطوه هؤلاء الفاعلون لهذا الالتزام ولممارسات التضامن الدولي، مع استحضارالمسارات والشروط الاجتماعية التي أدت إلى دخولهم هذا العالم.وقد خصص الجزء الأول من هذه الأطروحة ل وصف إطار عمل المنظمات غير الحكومية الدولية في المغرب وأنواع أهدافهذه الفئة من الموظفين المشتغلين في المجال الإنساني: المتطوع وذا العالمن والمتدربون والموظفون. وكذا وصف مسلسلات انتقاءالمتعاقد معهم في كل واحدة من هذه الفئات والأنشطة التي تنظمها المنظمات غير الحكومية الدولية كما جاء وصفها علىلسان الفاعلين أنفسهم. حيث درسنا التوترات القائمة بين العمل المهني والالتزام الجمعوي، بين الرغبة الجامحة والإحباط.وقمنا في مرحلة ثانية بوصف الخاصيات والسمات الاجتماعية للفاعلين 68 الذين تم اللقاء بهم بمناسبة إعداد الأطر وحة،وكذا إماطة اللثام عن المحددات الموضوعية والذاتية للالتزام والعمل في هذا المجال. حيث انتهى بنا المطاف بتحديد نوعيةممارسات التضامن الدولي، القائمة على فكر مشترك تتقاسمه مجموعة لها قواسم وتجارب ثقافية مشتركة، على اعتبار العاملينفي هذا المجال مجموعة مهنية قائمة الذات.وعالج الجزء الثالث من الأطروحة ممارسة الهجرة المرتبطة بمهام التضامن الدولي وكذا الرساميل والمؤهلات المستبقة الضروريةلتجسيدها. وسنظهر أن تحليل هذه الجهود وهذا الالتزام عبر منظور الكونية كفيل بتوضيح الصورة وفهم المعاني الموضوعيةوالذاتية المتصلة بهذا النشاط. هذا ويعتبر العمل داخل المنظمات غير الحكومية أخيرا وسيلة لتحقيق الذات والتحرر ما بينالارتباط وفك الارتباط. حيث يقتضي هذا العمل العابر للحدود الوطنية، الموجه من حيث القيم والمستهدف للآخرين،نجاح اللقاء الكوني، وهو ما قمنا بفحصه انطلاقا من الحياة اليومية والتفاوت بين اللقاء المنتظر واللقاء الحقيقي

Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101).
The significance of the service platform is increasing, while studies on this phenomenon remain scarce and insufficient. Most of the researches focus on products, market segmentation and how platform triggers innovation and there's a lack of researches that focus on services, the fast growing industry nowadays. In analyzing the service platform, it is important to understand the interactions between different players, such as application developers, content providers, network operators, and users. For that purpose, a value network analysis which analyzes the interactions for creating value between the key players is more suitable than the common value chain analysis which is one-directional and sequential. This thesis adopts the value network approach in an attempt to analyze the two different types of service platform, that is, social networking platform and mobile service platform. The Social Networking Service (SNS) is evolving beyond the bounds of a simple personal network and is gradually transforming into a social networking platform where SNS information is used to develop various new services. This thesis examines the positioning and interaction of the key players for the social networking platform and the values that the key players can gain and capture. The mobile service platform is becoming more important, as 3G mobile technologies are mature and widespread and the smartphone market is growing rapidly. For the mobile service platform, the market players are engaged in a severe competition to control the market through various strategies. The biggest current issue in the mobile market is the movement to open platform strategy to build an ecosystem in which third-party developers can participate. This thesis also examines the positioning and interaction of the key players surrounding the mobile service platform and the values that the key players can gain and capture. Ultimately, this thesis aims to suggest service platform strategies for service platform providers and third party developers from the perspectives of social networking platform and mobile service platform. For that purpose, case studies are conducted in depth. In this thesis, the term "service platform" is defined as a set of interfaces provided for the development of applications or contents as service and software grow into one.
by Jang Hoon Yoo.
S.M.in Engineering and Management

This submission for a PhD by published work looks at employment relations in the Civil Service and the National Health Service( NHS) over the last decade and in particular at management/union relations, pay determination and equal opportunities. The focus of research over this period was the extent to which private sector norms are advocated by the State impacted on public sector practices: a) in the Civil Service compared to the NHS b) in employing bodies within the Civil Service(ie executive agencies and employing bodies within the NHS (ie NHS trusts). The submission is in three parts. First, the distinctions between the private and public sectors are discussed along with the change agenda pursued by successive governments since 1979 to make the public sector more like the private sector. Second, four key debates are rehearsed: whether the state as employer is no longer a 'model' employer, whether there has been trade union renewal; whether the public sector ethos has been undermined; and whether the accession of the Labour government in 1997 was a watershed in respect of public sector employment relations. Third, the author's contributions to these debates are demonstrated.

As gerações atuais (Y, Z, Me...) são conhecidas como as Gerações Silenciosas pois fazem uso extensivo de mecanismos de mídias sociais e serviços de mensagem (SMS e mais recentemente Whatsapp) em lugar de serviços de voz. Tais gerações, que começam a ser responsáveis por grande parte do mercado consumidor, se sentem mais à vontade com a troca de mensagens vis-à-vis as relações diretas que normalmente ocorrem na comercialização de serviços e suporte pós-venda, facilitando a ampliação do escopo de soluções de auto-serviço e auto-atendimento para esse público. Nesse prisma, torna-se interessante entender de que forma esses novos consumidores se comportam nas mídias sociais e as relações e questões que os levam a adotar novas tecnologias e consumir novos produtos e serviços que podem trazer implicações significativas tanto para a evolução da teoria acadêmica como para gestores de empresas. No presente estudo é proposto um modelo conceitual para avaliação da intenção de adoção de uma nova tecnologia, integrando relações de endosso nas mídias sociais aos efeitos moduladores que o Narcisismo Social (narcisismo nas mídias sociais) podem causar sobre a dimensão afetiva uma vez que o consumo em si não seja uma necessidade fim, mas sim um meio para se auto afirmar. Surveys online com consumidores de serviço de telefonia móvel foram analisados através de equações estruturais afim de se testar se as hipóteses criadas através de indícios de relações observados na revisão da literatura foram ou não confirmadas.
Current generations (Y, Z, Me...) are known as the Silent Generation because they make extensive use of mechanisms of social media and messaging (SMS and more recently Whatsapp) rather than voice services. Such generations, which begin to be responsible for much of the consumer market, feel more comfortable with the message exchange instead of direct relations that normally occur in services commercialization and post-sales support, facilitating the expansion self-service solutions for this public. In this perspective, it is interesting to understand how these new consumers behave in social media and the relationships and issues that lead them to adopt new technologies and consume new products and services that can bring significant implications for the evolution of both academic theory and for managers. In the present study we propose a conceptual model to evaluate the intention to adopt a new technology, integrating the social relations of endorsement to the modulatory effects that social media Narcissism (Narcissism in social media) may have on the affective dimension since consumption itself is not an end but rather a means to assert themselves. Online surveys with mobile phone service consumers were analyzed through structures equation modeling in order to test if the hypotheses created by evidence of the relationships observed in the literature review were confirmed or not.

L'aide est un concept-clé. Les théories psychanalytiques sont utilisées pour mieux saisir la portée et l'enjeu de cette notion pour le service social. Un outil méthodologique a été crée. Douze planches projectives ont été imaginées sur le modèle du test t. A t en psychologie. Elles ont été présentées a douze interviewées à qui il est demande de raconter une histoire professionnelle. Le matériel constitue est riche et dense. L'entretien en face à face est le prototype de l'aide. Les tiers sont exclus dans leur ensemble. On peut repérer plusieurs modalités de l'aide : l'aide relais, l'aide accompagnement, l'aide guide, l'aide soutien, l'aide interprétation, l'aide compréhension, l'aide information. L'aide est traversée d'une incessante recherche de distance entre ses propres affects et ceux du client. Vouloir aider, c'est chercher fantasmatiquement à recréer une relation duelle, proche de l'imaginaire. Par un jeu complexe d'identification et d'inversion de rôles l'assistante sociale s'identifiant à la fille tente de réparer la mère ; c'est cette quête impossible de retrouvailles avec la mère et soi - enfant qui structure imaginairement l'aide en service social.

This thesis paper researches the impact of illegal immigration on U.S. social services. The study focuses on information gathered from a group of illegal Mexican immigrants who have lived and worked in the U.S. The sample of illegal Mexican immigrants was attracted to the U.S. primarily for economic reasons. The U.S. economic system has directly and indirectly attracted Mexican workers into America for over a 100 years. The U.S. economy has directly attracted Mexican workers through recruitment practices employed by several U.S. business sectors. Indirectly, the powerful U.S. economy has historically attracted Mexicans north because the U.S.'s economy offers more economic opportunities than the Mexican economy. Illegal Mexican immigrants' presence in the U.S. economy has led to the increased use of U.S. social services and as a result of this extra use, a burden has been put on several social service institutions. To what extent this burden affects the U.S. economy is still not clear because illegal immigrants pay U.S. taxes that may compensate the system for this extra use.

This study focuses on burnout among bilingual Social Service Providers (BSSPs) and examines their thoughts and beliefs on the interconnection of their bilingual/bicultural skills and higher risk of burnout. The findings from this study have significant ramifications for the social service field on both Macro and Micro levels. At a Micro scale, the data validates the additional responsibilities of BSSP’s, while bringing more awareness to this group of professionals. Additional findings contribute to new policies regarding BSSPs job responsibilities; for example, accurate job descriptions and training for positions that require translation and interpretation. An exploratory study using qualitative data was utilized in order to best address the issue at hand. In order to appropriately analyze the data collected, the researcher examined the data collected through thematic analysis. Several themes emerged which include: proficiency, length of service, Spanish speaking caseload percentage, familiarity and knowledge of burnout, burnout experience, emotional overextension, impersonal response towards clients, decreased feelings of competence/successful achievement, and more effort when providing services in Spanish. subthemes include: burnout experience, attitude towards caseload and length of service and burnout.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. School of Social Work, 2008.
"Cynthia Jackson-Elmoore, [dissertation committee chair]"--Acknowledgments. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 20, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-190). Also issued in print.

"...empowering text for human services students that covers the skills and behaviors essential for leaders to manage themselves, their teams, and the organization. Using a unique coaching voice, author Deborah Harley-McClaskey follows a Reflection–Diagnosis–Prescription approach for leadership development with exercises built into the dialogue. The final chapter, Prognosis, offers a workbook-style exercise to help students make a personal change." --Amazon
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1115/thumbnail.jpg

In this paper, I invoke a sociolinguistic approach to complement the historical record in order to examine the use of the word utumwa itself as it has changed to reveal distinct class and gender connotations especially in northem Swahili communities. To explore utumwa is difficult. There is no consensus with regard to what the word and its derivatives mean that applies consistently, yet it is clear that there has been a meaning shift since the nineteenth century. This paper examines the construction and transformation of a non-Westem-molded form of service in Africa. Oral traditions and terminological variation will be brought to bear on an analysis of utumwa `slavery, service` as an important concept of social change in East Africa and, in particular, on the northern Kenya coast What this term, its derivatives, and other terms associated with it have come to mean to Swahili speakers and culture bearers will be seen to mirror aspects of the history of Swahili-speaking people fi-om the 1Oth-11th century to the present.

As a relatively new phenomenon in 2009, Swedish nonprofit social service providers proposed quality improvement as a way to reduce mistakes, use resources more effectively and meet the needs and expectations of clients in a better way. Although similar experiences have been studied in health care, the transfer of quality improvement to nonprofit social services gives a possibility for more knowledge on what enables, and constrains, systematic quality improvement in this specific context. This thesis is based on five years of supporting quality improvement in the Swedish nonprofit welfare sector. Specifically, it builds knowledge on which active mechanisms and enabling or constraining structures exist for nonprofit social service quality improvement. By studying quality improvement projects that have been conducted in the development program Forum for Values, critical cases and broad overviews are found valuable. These cases have resulted in four papers on quality improvement in nonprofit social services. The papers include: critical cases from a nursing home for elderly and a daycare for disabled children (Paper I); a critical case from a sheltered housing (Paper II); an overview of performance measurements in 127 quality improvement projects (Paper III); and an analytical model of how improvement policy and practice are bridged by intermediaries (Paper IV). In this thesis, enabled or constrained events and activities related to Deming's system of profound knowledge are identified from the papers and elaborated upon. As a basis for transforming practice into continuous improvement, profound knowledge includes the four knowledge domains: appreciation of a system, theory of knowledge, understanding of variation and psychology of change. From a realist perspective, the identified events are seen as enabled or constrained by mechanisms and underlying regularities, or structures, in the context of nonprofit social services. The emerging mechanisms found in this thesis are: describing and reflecting upon project relations; forming and testing a theory of action; collecting and displaying measurable results over time; and engaging and participating in a development program. The structures that enable these mechanisms are: connecting projects to shared values such as client needs; local ownership of what should be measured; and translating quality improvement into a single practice. Constraining structures identified are: a lack of generalizable scientific knowledge and inappropriate or missing infrastructure for measurements. Reflecting upon the emergent structures of nonprofit social services, the role of political macro structures, reflective practice, competence in statistical methods and areas of expertise becomes important. From this discussion and the findings some hypotheses for future work can be formulated. First, the identified mechanisms and structures form a framework that helps explain why intended actions of quality improvement occur or not. This frameworkcan be part of formulating a program theory of quality improvement in nonprofit social services. With this theory, quality improvement can be evaluated, reflected upon and further developed in future interventions. Second,new quality improvement interventions can be reproduced more regularly by active work with known enablers and constraints from this program theory. This means that long-lasting interventions can be performed and studied in a second generation of improvement efforts. Third, if organizations integrate quality improvement as a part of their everyday practice they also develop context-specific knowledge about their services. This context-specific knowledge can be adopted and further developed through dedicated management and understanding of variation. Thus, if enabling structures are invoked and constraining structures handled, systematic quality improvement could be one way to integrate generalizable scientific knowledge as part of an evidence-creating practice.

In this paper, I invoke a sociolinguistic approach to complement the historical record in order to examine the use of the word utumwa itself as it has changed to reveal distinct class and gender connotations especially in northem Swahili communities. To explore utumwa is difficult. There is no consensus with regard to what the word and its derivatives mean that applies consistently, yet it is clear that there has been a meaning shift since the nineteenth century. This paper examines the construction and transformation of a non-Westem-molded form of service in Africa. Oral traditions and terminological variation will be brought to bear on an analysis of utumwa `slavery, service` as an important concept of social change in East Africa and, in particular, on the northern Kenya coast What this term, its derivatives, and other terms associated with it have come to mean to Swahili speakers and culture bearers will be seen to mirror aspects of the history of Swahili-speaking people fi-om the 1Oth-11th century to the present.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects inclusion-exclusion on the job-related attitudes of the organizational workforce. These attitudes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, burnout, and turnover intention. A quantitative survey was conducted using a sample of employees of a social service organization in San Bernardino County. Participants include employees from all levels and program areas of the social service organization. Study data was collected through the use of a self-report questionnaire. Measures were used to explore commitment to the organization, diversity perception, job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout, the dependent variables. Using SPSS software to analyze data, descriptive statistics, correlation, and Mann-Whitney U analysis were conducted. More than half of the survey participants, as presented in Table 1 (see Appendix D), identified as women (n=35, 85.4%) and five (12.2%) accounted for the participants that identified as men. Results showed that Inclusion was significantly related to all job related attitudes except burnout, gender and race. Results were consistent with the literature in that inclusion is related to positive work-related attitudes, but inconsistent in regards to its relation with gender and race.

The present study was inspired by Human-Vogel and Dippenaar’s (2013) research, which examined pre-service teachers’ commitment to community engagement in their second year of study. Human-Vogel and Dippenaar 2013 found that personal justice beliefs were independent of the pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards service learning. These puzzling findings necessitated further investigation and formed the basis of the rationale for my study. I was furthermore intrigued by the number of mentions made of social justice in connection with community engagement, evoking my interest in this concept and the role that social justice plays in service learning. In the present study I explored pre-service teachers’ experience with social justice during their service learning activities, examining the ways in which they dealt with social justice issues during their interactions in the different settings. A qualitative research approach was applied guided by an interpretivist paradigm. I made use of an ex post facto instrumental case study design and four pre-service teachers were conveniently and purposively selected for the present the study. The criteria for selection was that the participants must have been involved in the Human-Vogel and Dippenaar’s (2013) research and were willing and available to participate in the present study. The data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was utilized during the data analysis. In the present study five themes emerged as a result of the thematic analysis and interpretation. Firstly the pre-service teachers were able to provide their individual conceptualisation of justice. Under this theme they gave their individual definitions of personal and social justice and also provided examples of these concepts. Secondly, the pre-service teachers reported on their overall service learning experiences and these included the negative and positive aspects. Thirdly, there were barriers faced by the pre-service teachers during service learning activities. These included a lack of preparation and structure in the service learning activities, expectation versus reality of the service learning experiences, language barriers, lack of resources in the community, security concerns, and issues of stereo-types and assumptions. Fourthly, the pre-service teachers discussed issues of justice and social change. They were able to discuss issues related to social injustices experienced in the community, the availability and accessibility to justice structures as well as their being a voice to the voice-less. These aspects were discussed with the aim that such could be examined and used to bring about social change in the community. Lastly, the pre-service teachers provided recommendations in the form of Support structures needed by pre-service teachers in future service learning activities. They suggested that in future other pre-service teachers could benefit from preparation for the service learning module, monitoring of the service learning activities, guidelines and structure in the service learning and debriefing during and after the service learning.
Mini-dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted

Le Travail Social peut constituer une aide irremplaçable auprès des familles, ou des personnes isolées, en difficultés. Mais le Service Social doit être vigilant pour ne pas que ceux qu’il a aidés restent, vis-à-vis de lui, dans une position de dépendance, pensent que, seuls, ils ne peuvent rien faire, et s’acheminent, ainsi, vers une mentalité d’assistés. Dans le travail auprès d’une population immigrée, ce risque est considérablement accru, encore, par les carences de l’éducation scolaire, par des coutumes différentes, par une propension à penser que, quoiqu’on fasse, on sera toujours considéré de façon péjorative. D’où cette recherche sur le Service Social et la Dépendance. Mais cette thèse aborde aussi une étude sur les institutions et services administratifs qui devraient accompagner le service social pour faciliter son travail, alors que, trop souvent, c’est le contraire que nous rencontrons. Des mesures seraient donc à revoir, ou à instaurer
Social Work in homes constitutes an irreplaceable aid for families or individuals facing difficulties. But welfare services must be cautious about putting the very people they intend helping into a situation of dependence with respect to the service, making them believe they are unable to act by themselves, giving them a mentality of assisted people. Among an immigrant population, Social Work greatly increases this risk, due to the weaknesses in the educational system and the differences in culture. It gives the immigrant the propensity to believe that whatever he may do, people will always look down on him. This is the very purpose of this research on welfare service and dependence. But this thesis also deals with the problem of institutions and administrations, which ought to accompany social services and facilitate their action, while the opposite is too often observed. Some of the existing rules should therefore be modified, or perhaps new rules be set up

Thesis (M.A.)--Dept. of Sociology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A thesis in sociology." Typescript. Advisor: Deborah B. Smith Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-102). Online version of the print edition.

A number of scholars have identified a crisis in the field of education. Namely, students today are more self-absorbed and individualistic than ever before. In other words, they have few social commitments and lack a sense of community. This lack of social responsibility is particularly problematic in Colombia, where a privileged few enjoy all the spoils and the elite youth are groomed as the future leaders of the country. For many, hope is all but lost on these socially irresponsible students. On the other hand, some planners and critics believe that service-learning -- which connects community service to the classroom -- is a remedy for this lack of social solidarity. With this in mind, service-learning has become increasingly popular during the past decade all over the globe, and particularly in Latin American countries such as Colombia. This research project is an evaluation of the service-learning program at one of the most elite high schools in Colombia. The project has two specific aims: (1) to document the impact of the program on the attitudes and behaviors of the students and (2) to assess the quality of the implementation of the program. In order to achieve these aims, three data collection methods -questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups - were used to paint a holistic picture of the program. Furthermore, a theoretical model of service-learning was developed as a benchmark to evaluate the program. The results revealed that the service-learning program was having a minimal impact on students' attitudes and behaviors. In fact, the analysis showed that in many instances the program was simply reinforcing stereotypes and solidifying the social division in Colombia. The failure to achieve the desired outcomes may have been due to the fact that the program did not fulfill many of the required expectations of service-learning. In the final chapter, specific recommendations are given to improve the program.

The process of globalization over the past five decades has given impetus to drivensustainability and related thinking in business. It is also observed that there areunprecedented trends in corporate strategy towards sustainable thinking - the emergenceof sustainability as corporate strategy and the concern of business for ecology and society.This forces companies to rethink their standard business models and increase theirinterest in innovating products and services based on the challenges of global sustainabledevelopment. The pressure from external stakeholders, mainly non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), as drivers of change may also contribute strongly to thisendeavour. This substantial change pressure clearly reflects companies’ recognition of themounting pressures for social responsibility and governance. The overall aim of this thesisis to describe and understand how social responsibility and value-creation of customers’influence the overall service quality of companies in developing a sustainable servicebusiness. The theoretical and conceptual frame of reference finds its stimulation from the researchin sustainable development – corporate social responsibility, service research and qualitymanagement. In this way it attempts to bridge the gap between business and socialresponsibility. Theoretically and conceptually, the thesis amalgamates sustainabilitythinking and the service logic. Here, value creation and co-creation of Service DominantLogic (S-D logic) approach expands to integrate the values based approach of CorporateSocial Responsibility (CSR) in management thinking and have created the prevailingbusiness practices and service quality (SQ) improvement. This thesis is a compilation offive different papers that follow an interpretative case study approach. The empiricalstudy developed from the cases of multinational companies, small and mediumenterprises, smallholders and NGOs. In this thesis, ‘Sustainable Service Dominant Logic’ (SSDL) was labelled to argue thatvalue-based co-creation of the S-D logic framework can be used to create values-basedservices for sustainable business by examining the link between CSR and S-D logic basedon value, values and service quality for sustainable business. This is this thesis’scontribution to the ongoing discussion of the paradigm shift in service research. Theframework is of the integration of CSR thinking into service business to create sustainablebusiness thinking. This signifies the new thinking of incorporating different managementsystems in creating the organizational change process, sustainability and finally SQimprovement. This counters the critique against S-D logic by expanding the societal andethical dimensions by using CSR, and showing real business cases. This depends on theintegration of different change pressures for value creation, whether related to economicand social resource integration. This involves the shift of the focus of managerial controlfrom a preoccupation with financial issues to a wider awareness of CSR thinking. Theseissues are also explored by demonstrating, based on cases, how the adoption of thisperspective can also enable the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) framework to become animportant aspect of value creation. Finally, the paradigm shift can be generalized to newthinking in S-D logic and the social responsibility of businesses as the major phenomenonof the changing and globalizing business environment; time for the CSR framework to permeate S-D logic.

Music playback in venues is very often controlled by the small group of people administrating the business or locale, and not by the audience of listeners themselves. The people listening rarely have any ability to affect the choice of music within the public place or business they are currently situated in. This master thesis is built around a developed social music service, that lets the listeners control the playback of music together. The project is called: Blicko, and it enables its users to collaboratively build up a playlist of music, and then vote on the order of the upcoming tracks to be played. It can be thought of as a tool which has similar functions to a jukebox. The service enables the visitors or attendees at any type of public place or venue (i.e. cafes, bars, lobby, restaurants etc.) to be a part of deciding and controlling which music is being played. The thesis is dedicated to examine the best way of refining the service, in terms of optimizing the User Experience (UX), by application of different practices and methods within the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This also involves managing the complications that rises when developing a multi-platform service for a wide range of devices.

Designing for Social Impact is an approach of social sustainability that presents an alternative way to improve living conditions in low income communities, of low income countries, by providing solutions that will enable them to meet their basic needs. Some current methods and tools used by social designers are focused on specific social aspects and often fail to engage communities to participate actively in the design processes. A non-linear Design Research Method was used to engage experts from the Design for Social Impact sector, Product Service System “PSS”, and social designers. A case study based in Gambia was used to study if “PSS” could encourage social designers to co-design with these communities as a way to promote positive solutions. Thus, strategic actions were collected from the research findings as a way to promote co-designing with involved stakeholders in low income communities.
ING/School of Engineering +46 455 38 50 00

The Community Arts Service (CAS, 1946-1966), founded after World War Two, took tours of music, drama, opera, dance and art exhibitions to smaller centres and isolated rural areas throughout New Zealand, fostering the cultural activities undertaken by local groups. From the Auckland University College, where it originated as a branch of Adult Education, it spread to the other University College provinces and, beyond New Zealand, to Australia. As Adult Education, CAS programmes emphasised educational value and aimed to develop the tastes and level of culture in the participating communities. The Service operated through local CAS committees, encouraging rural centres to take increasing responsibility for the cultural life of their own communities. Following World War Two, themes of nationalism, decentralisation of culture and correcting the imbalances that existed between rural and urban life so as to create a more egalitarian society, were key issues in New Zealand. The CAS played a significant role in redressing these concerns but to date, have received little critical attention. This thesis, which examines the important role of the Service in the musical and artistic life of twentieth century New Zealand, is an original contribution to the cultural history of this country. Main documentary research sources consulted were regional histories, publications on New Zealand music, theatre, ballet, opera and journals on the arts from the period. Diaries, correspondence, local cultural societies' documentation and programmes of past concerts held in private collections have been valuable. The archival material for Arthur Owen Jensen and Ronald Graeme Dellow (Alexander Turnbull Library) and, the records of Auckland Adult Education (University of Auckland, Special Collections) have been a significant help. People who were involved with the CAS have generously contributed through interviews and correspondence. Newspaper cuttings in private collections and past issues of the Waikato Times held in the Hamilton Public Library have also been important sources.