Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bengal (india), social conditions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bengal (india), social conditions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bengal (india), social conditions"

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Kanda, Sayako. "Environmental Changes, the Emergence of a Fuel Market, and the Working Conditions of Salt Makers in Bengal, c. 1780–1845." International Review of Social History 55, S18 (December 2010): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000520.

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SummaryDuring the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the British East India Company monopolized salt production in Bengal, and the British sought a new market for English salt in India. As previous studies have emphasized, external political and economic forces devastated indigenous industry and its workers. However, working conditions were influenced more by the natural environments of the salt-producing localities, particularly the availability of fuel, which was indispensable to the process of manufacture. The industry had always benefitted from abundant grass and straw for use as fuel. However, as grasslands were lost due both to constant river encroachment and to land clearance for cultivation, straw prices increased with the emergence of a regional market for biomass fuels, so that increasing difficulties in procuring fuel gradually made the salt industry costly. That state of affairs was accelerated by the advance of economic activity in general and a shortage of coal in particular. The changes made workers much more dependent on the fuel market.
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Sahoo, Sanjaya Kumar, Pranita Taraphdar, Ashok Kumar Mallick, Aparajita Dasgupta, P. S. Preeti, and Dhiraj Biswas. "How aware are we regarding vector borne diseases? A community based study in a slum of Kolkata, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172460.

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Background: Vector borne diseases (VBDs) form a major part of the communicable diseases in India. Ignorance and impoverished conditions of people contribute in creating source and spread of vector borne diseases and hinder disease control strategy. Slums are more vulnerable to vector borne diseases because of poor environmental condition, standard of living, poverty and ignorance of the people. This study is a small endeavour to highlight the awareness of residents of slum area of Chetla, Kolkata, West Bengal, India regarding vector borne diseases. Objectives were to assess the awareness of the study population regarding different vector borne diseases and to find out the association of awareness with relevant demographic variables.Methods: A community based observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population in a slum area of Chetla, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Multivariate logistic analysis was done to find out association of awareness with relevant variables.Results: Awareness regarding malaria was good and that of dengue was satisfactory while awareness regarding other vector borne diseases was poor. Age, sex, caste, education and social class were found significantly associated with satisfactory awareness. Younger population i.e. age ≤35years, males, general caste people, literacy status above primary school and social class III and above had better awareness regarding vector borne diseases.Conclusions: This study uncovered the lacunae regarding awareness of the study population regarding vector borne diseases. It can be concluded that intensified efforts towards creating public awareness and mobilizing the community regarding the identified issues should be addressed.
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Goswami, Ananya, and Sraboni Dutta. "E-Commerce Adoption by Women Entrepreneurs in India: An Application of the UTAUT Model." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 2 (January 6, 2017): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i2.10560.

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The wide use of ICT applications has opened enormous opportunities for large, medium and even small organizations. This study aims to investigate the extent of adoption of e-commerce applications by the women owned SMEs in India, with special focus on behavioral factors which influence them to do so. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was utilized to determine the strength of the constructs in influencing e-commerce adoption amongst women entrepreneurs. Using a structured questionnaire, responses were solicited via a field survey amongst 144 women entrepreneurs in two districts of Kolkata and 24 Parganas (South) in the State of West Bengal, India. The results show that three constructs, namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence significantly affect the behavioral intention of these women entrepreneurs to use e-commerce. Experience and voluntariness to use are the moderators significantly correlated with effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and social influence. Moreover, it has been revealed that facilitating conditions and the behavioral intention positively influence their usage behavior.
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Chakravarty, Deepita. "Lack of Economic Opportunities and Persistence of Child Marriage in West Bengal." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 25, no. 2 (May 20, 2018): 180–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518761430.

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West Bengal (WB) ranks high among the 15 major states of India, where there is still a disturbing persistence of underage marriage among girls, leading to early motherhood as a consequence. The article explores the reasons for this in the context of social and economic conditions in the state. The article argues that more than poverty and illiteracy, the unavailability of new employment opportunities for women and girls in the rural and urban areas of the state explains why parents do not have the incentive to invest in more schooling or the higher education of their daughters. The article is mainly based on secondary data with occasional references to some primary evidence from a recent survey done by the author.
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Mookerjee, Devalina, Sujoy Chakravarty, Shubhabrata Roy, Anirudh Tagat, and Shagata Mukherjee. "A Culture-Centered Approach to Experiences of the Coronavirus Pandemic Lockdown Among Internal Migrants in India." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 10 (March 17, 2021): 1426–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027642211000392.

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India’s coronavirus lockdown forced low-wage migrant workers to return from the city to the home towns and villages from which they came. Pre-pandemic living and working conditions were already stressful and difficult for these migrants. The lockdown became an additional burden, since it shut down sources of income with no assurance about when, or if, work and earning to support families could be resumed. This article draws on the lens of the Culture-Centered Approach (CCA) to understand how workers engaged with and navigated these difficult times. A total of 54 migrant workers locked-down at home across the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal were interviewed for this qualitative study. Financial worries were found to be endemic, with rising debt a major source of stress, and educational qualifications becoming an obstacle to earning. Returning migrants were suspected of bringing the virus from the city, and so stigmatized in their home towns and villages. However, the pandemic lockdown also showed some unexpected healthful consequences. It provided these marginalized, and always busy workers the time and space to stop working for a while, to stay home, eat home food, and take walks in the comparatively green and clean spaces of their home environments. In this, the pandemic lockdown may be seen to have enabled a measure of agency and health in the lives of these workers, an oasis albeit temporary, and ultimately subject to the demands of the globalized cities of India.
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Ghosal, Somnath. "Integral economics and the exploration of indigenous knowledge." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 3, no. 2 (December 3, 2012): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2012.02.04.

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The ever-increasing pressures on tropical forests due to the increasing population of socio-economically deprived communities dwelling in forest fringe areas are not only a matter of ecological concern, but also affect the sustainable livelihoods of these communities. Alternative sources of income are urgently needed for these communities. Forest is the principal natural resource for the Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapur districts of West Bengal, India. More sustainable harvesting of forest products, particularly Non-Timber Forest Products(NTFPs) and the production of value added products would therefore be the best possible way to improve the existing economic conditions of deprived forest fringe communities and save native forest biodiversity for the future.
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Patnaik, Susmita, Umesh Sharma, and Pearl Subban. "Who Is Responsible for Students’ Challenging Behaviour? A Study of the Causal Attributions of Teachers to Challenging Behaviour in Primary Schools in West Bengal, India." Disabilities 2, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities2010005.

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The aim of the study was to understand the causal attributions of teachers to challenging behaviours in primary classrooms in West Bengal, India. Data from 21 teachers from government and private primary schools were collected using semistructured interviews. The study investigated the types of challenging behaviours as perceived by teachers, their causal attributions, and the strategies suggested by the teachers for managing them. The participants described challenging behaviour broadly, and it was divided into four categories: aggression, disruption, talking, and noncompliance. They reported the causes of challenging behaviours in five broad categories: home- and parent-related causes (family violence, busy parents); social causes (socioeconomic conditions); student-related causes (disabilities); school- and teacher-related causes (large class sizes); and government- and policy-related causes (banning corporal punishment). The teachers predominantly recommended employing proactive strategies, such as improving teaching strategies, collaborating with parents, and building relationships with students. A small group of teachers recommended using reactive (e.g., discipline and threats) strategies to manage challenging behaviours in their classrooms.
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Sharma, Dr Gopal, and Pujan Singh Ariya. "Political Participation of Women in Panchayats: A comparative study of Raiganj and Islampur Blocks of Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal, India- Issues and Trends." ENSEMBLE 2, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-0202-a026.

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In recent years women empowerment has become a significant issue among academicians, social workers, and policy decision-makers in India. After the successful establishment of the Panchayat system as well as reservations for women in the local bodies, there has been a tremendous change in the number of women representatives in PRIs. But women empowerment is not an easy process rather, that needs a change in the mindset of the patriarchal society, social institutions, and far more determined effort on the part of the women representatives. Sometimes it becomes difficult to serve political duties for the women representatives in this present situation where there is a lack of proper knowledge, lack of education, lots of dependencies, family influence, and so on. In this light, the present study is an attempt to examine the socio-economic conditions and experiences of the elected women representatives of Gram Panchayats of Raiganj and Islampur Blocks and their participation in different sectors of grassroots politics. The whole study is based on empirical data which have been collected through field survey.
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Samanta, Aditi, Joyeeta Thakur, and Monali Goswami. "Menstrual characteristics and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status: a study among the urban slum adolescent girls of West Bengal, India." Anthropological Review 82, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2019-0008.

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Abstract Menstrual health is one of the major areas of concern in reproductive health, and affects a large number of women throughout their reproductive life from adolescence. Menstruation is a biological phenomenon imbued with social-cultural, nutritional and personal significance. The present study aims to focus on the menstrual characteristics and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status among the urban slum adolescent girls of North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. This community-based study was conducted among a group of 90 Bengali speaking Hindu adolescent girls aged between 16 to 18 years. A pre-tested structured schedule was used to collect detailed information about the socio-economic conditions and menstrual characteristics. All anthropometric measurements were taken using the standard procedures. Results of the study revealed that underweight girls attained menarche comparatively in later age (12.67±1.23) than that of healthy and overweight girls. Mean length of the menstrual cycle, mean duration of menstrual bleeding and mean number of days of peak discharge were maximum among the girls whose BMI was below 5th percentile, i.e. underweight. Majority of the underweight (75%) and healthy (50%) girls experienced heavy discharge during their menstrual days. Disorders like premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (78.8%) and dysmenorrhea (85.5%) were the major prevalent menstrual problems among these girls and occurrence of the symptoms of these disorders significantly varied based on their BMI. A highly significant difference (p<0.01) was found among underweight, healthy and overweight girls in terms of duration of menstrual bleeding, mean number of days of peak discharge and occurrences of PMS. Result of linear regression and step wise logistic regression (backward elimination) shows that various socio-economic and anthropometric variables are the influential predictors of menstrual characteristics like duration of menstrual discharge, cycle length, days of peak discharge as well as menstrual problems like cycle irregularity and heavy flow (p<0.05). Therefore, the present study unwraps a podium to focus on the menstrual health issues of the adolescent girls and enforce health education as well as instigates nutritional intervention programme to fortify the existing menstrual health status.
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Das, Pintu. "Socio-Economic Position of women slum dwellers: An Investigation of a Few Selected Slums in the Bansberia Municipality area, West Bengal, India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.006.

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Urbanization is regarded as one of the key dimensions of the process of socio-economic development and India has seen steady urbanisation and an increase in the number of people living in slums. According to a number of studies, many types of violence are prevalent in urban slum areas. Urban primacy has been a feature of West Bengal's urbanisation and ongoing population growth in highly urbanised regions around Kolkata since 1901. As a result, there was a slowdown of the process of urbanisation beginning in 1951, and a very a unique style was observed between 2001 and 2011. Large cities increased disproportionately throughout the post-independence period, while small and medium towns stagnated or decreased. Large cities have the highest concentration of industries, this has resulted in issues on both ends of the urban system-the megacities are overcrowded on a regular basis, posing a hazard. Because West Bengal's urban population density is 50% the national average is higher. The number of people living in slums in the state is likewise much higher than the national average, accounting for 35-40% of the urban population. West Bengal's urban towns are no strangers to slums. It has been in operation for a long time in order to provide housing to the poor and underprivileged as well as the community's backward portions. Women who live in slums are not economically or socially stable. The health of slum dwellers is inextricably linked to their living conditions. They are unable to consume items that contain calories. They are deprived of appropriate nutrition four times. Several factors, such as early marriage, early pregnancy, having a large number of children, having a short time between pregnancies, and so on, all have an impact on their health. According to data collected from Bansberia Municipality slums, 32.71 percent of women have more than three children, and 47.45 percent of mothers gave birth to their first child before they were 20 years old. They also do not receive sufficient prenatal and postnatal care. The delivery location was filthy and also unsanitary. They have a low level of education and are unaware of the health issues. In terms of economics, Bansberia Municipality is a place of excruciating poverty. The city receives between 2000 and 2500 migrants each year, the vast majority of them are destitute and provide essential job opportunities for the city's industry and services. The Hooghly District of West Bengal is an alluvial land where intensive subsistence farming is the dominant economic activity. The study's goal is to learn how women's socioeconomic conditions influence natural population growth in West Bengal's Hooghly District. The poor generally reside in slums strewn around the metropolis, with almost 61.45% of the slums are on privately owned land, offering serious institutional issues in terms of providing basic services. The content of the article investigates socioeconomic situation of women slum dwellers in the Bansberia Municipality area. The findings of the research are the social and economic conditions of women in the Bansberia Municipal area's slum areas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bengal (india), social conditions"

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Ray, Rabindra. "The Naxalites and their ideology : a study in the sociology of knowledge." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670404.

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Harrison, Tom. "The social embeddedness of lacal NGOs in west bengal,india." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530036.

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Datta, Rajat. "Rural Bengal : social structure and agrarian economy in the late eighteenth century." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rural-bengal--social-structure-and-agrarian-economy-in-the-late-eighteenth-century(c3fd3fb9-688c-4a22-ba0c-d5fa3322296e).html.

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Nesmith, Cathy. "People and trees : gender relations and participation in social forestry in West Bengal, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359418.

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Chakrabarty, Antarin. "Communicative Planning and Democratic Decentralisation in India- Case of Kolkata City." Doctoral thesis, Trondheim : Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Urban Design and Planning, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:37375/FULLTEXT01.

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Lalonde, Gloria Marjorie Lucy. "National development and the changing status of women in India : a state by state analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66067.

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Jones, Eleri. "Care-seeking for birth in urban India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3095/.

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The thesis examines care-seeking for first births in low-income settlements of urban India. Care-seeking is framed as a dynamic, social process. The thesis shifts the research focus from non-use of maternity services to a more holistic notion of care-seeking strategies, and examines how they are shaped by patterned social relationships and their content. The study combines a prospective, qualitative design with multiple household perspectives. Seventy-seven in-depth interviews were conducted in 16 households. Matched data were collected for primiparous women and other household members, and interviews were conducted prospectively during pregnancy with a follow-up after birth. The study was conducted in Indore, a large city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, where a range of maternity care providers operate in a complex urban health system. This population could be characterised as strategic care-seekers, aware and discriminating across the range of care options available. Managing perceived risks was central to strategies, but solutions differed due to variation in perceptions of risks and their management. The notion that childbirth requires medical management was dominant. Yet, health facilities were also regarded as a potential source of risk. Strategies were plural and contingent, combining different providers across and within sectors, giving households control and flexibility in dealing with unfolding circumstances. Local narratives apportion responsibility for care-seeking to the household in which the woman is staying for the birth. The value placed locally on household-level ‘responsibility’ contrasts with the focus on women’s autonomy in the literature on maternal health. A corollary of responsibility is blame in the event of an adverse outcome, which impels households to seek care that meets expectations among their social ties. The thesis generates new insight on an issue that has previously been examined largely with static approaches, underpinned by individual rational actor assumptions. Findings reveal care-seeking strategies that go beyond a decision on whether or not to use a health facility. This partly derives from a complex urban health system providing choice, but it is also a response to the challenges households face in negotiating the health system to receive care they perceive to be ‘safe.’ The findings have implications for the policy goals of increasing births with a skilled attendant and improving quality of care.
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Roy, Indrajit. "Capable subjects : power and politics in Eastern India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e1bb214-020e-4f9e-864f-9037c104660d.

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The principal aim of this thesis is to elaborate a politicized reading of Amartya Sen's Capability Approach. It explores how capabilities are augmented through the forging of contentious political subjectivities. In it, I build on the criticism that Sen's framework can be more sensitive to questions of power and politics. Against some of his critics, however, I argue that its 'politicization' must focus analytical attention on politics as the struggle to produce subjects rather than limiting its understanding to negotiations over authority, resources and allocations. I draw on quantitative and qualitative analysis of ethnographic data from rural eastern India to substantiate my argument. The first two chapters outline the contours of the debates and introduce the social, economic and political life of the study localities. Each of the four subsequent chapters elucidates the manner in which the contentious processes through which political subjectivity are forged augments capabilities. In Chapter 3 I advance the case that any discussion on capabilities needs to analyze how subjects interrogate the relations of domination and subordination which they have hitherto been compelled to inhabit. Based on an analysis of the contentions spawned by the Indian Government's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, I point to how the notion of cooperative conflict is helpful in understanding these processes. In Chapter 4, I draw attention to the analytic importance that needs to be accorded to 'voice' in order to understand how subjects contest and reconstitute these relationships: I base my analysis on the claims made on elected representatives by different groups of people in respect to 'poverty cards'. This emphasis leads in Chapter 5 to an investigation of the ways in which agonistic exchanges in public spaces augments capabilities: this I do through an examination of two specific disputes involving a variety of local actors. I develop these insights further in Chapter 6 to show how our understanding of the processes through which capabilities may be enhanced gains analytically from an analysis of the manner in which subjects construct their identities. Chapter 7 concludes.
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Mohan, Taneesha Devi. "Labour tying arrangements : an enduring aspect of agrarian capitalism in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3317/.

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This thesis explores the persistence of labour tying arrangements among female labourers in agriculture in India. This research is a comparative study of women’s labour tying in Aranthangi (Tamil Nadu) and Chinsurah (West Bengal). I argue that these labour arrangements are driven through familial/gendered relations, exercise of power at the village level, and macroeconomic and political forces. Set against the backdrop of rising feminisation of agricultural wage employment coupled with growing insecurity of work and survival, this study identifies that rural female labour (which is predominantly agrarian) is commoditized and under-valued. Consequently, the female labourer is often drawn into exploitative labour contracts. I identify rural labour in this thesis through Bernstein’s category of ‘classes of labour’ (1996; 2010). In this study, I identify the ways in which the classes of labour enter labour tying arrangements in agriculture. The presence of labour tying is often understood through the ideological divisions of Classical Marxist and Neo-classical analyses. Classical Marxist analysis understands these labour arrangements as remnants of pre-capitalist society, which withers away with commercialization of agriculture. Neo-classical theorists identify these labour arrangements as mutually beneficial relations for both the employer and labourer. Moving away from this binary understanding of the presence of tied labour, I use Hart’s analytical framework to show how the presence of tied labour among female ‘classes of labour’ are an outcome of multi-scalar power relations in rural society. I posit that these multi-scalar power relations in rural society create relations of dependency, obligation and privilege that draw female labourers into tied labour arrangements. I identify, these multi-scalar power relations as regimes of labour tying, where unfreedom experienced therein, are differentiated along gender, class and caste identities. The regime of labour tying, therefore, needs to be understood as a process that is here to stay, and of which female agrarian labour occupy an unfair share.
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Krishnan, Sneha. "Making ladies of girls : middle-class women and pleasure in urban India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e913b744-0568-42f8-bb20-4023d18ee6ca.

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Current debates in the anthropology of the Indian middle classes suggest a preponderant theme of balance - between 'Indian' and 'Western'; 'traditional' and 'modern'; 'global' and 'local'. Scholars like Säävälä (2010) Nisbett (2007, 2009), and Donner (2011) demonstrate a range of practices through which the ideal of middle class life is positioned in a precarious median between the imagined decadence of the upper classes and the perceived immorality and lack of responsibility of the working classes. Sexuality and intimacy, it has been observed, are important sites, where this balancing act is played out and risks to its stability are disciplined. Young women have particularly come under a great deal of pressure to position themselves dually as modern representatives of a global nation, who are, at the same time, epitomes of a nationalised narrative of tradition. In this thesis I examine, through an ethnographic study, the ways in which young women's bodies are implicated in the normative reproduction of everyday middle class life, as well as unpacking the social meanings of youth and adulthood for women in this context. Further, locating my study in the context of women's colleges in Chennai, this thesis comments on the significance of educational spaces as sites where normative ideals of middle class life and femininity are both produced and contested. The chief arguments in this thesis are organised into five chapters that draw primarily on ethnographic material to examine categories of risk, danger and pleasure as mutually constituted in young women's lives through everyday practice, as well as the making of the everyday as a precarious and compositional event.
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Books on the topic "Bengal (india), social conditions"

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Bandyopādhyāẏa, Śekhara. Caste, culture, and hegemony: Social domination in colonial Bengal. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2004.

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Agrarian Bengal: Economy, social structure, and politics, 1919-1947. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Transformations on the Bengal Frontier: Jalpaiguri, 1765-1948. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002.

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Beyond purdah?: Women in Bengal 1890-1939. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Dangerous outcast: The prostitute in nineteenth century Bengal. Calcutta: Seagull Books, 1998.

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Idioms of improvement: Vidyāsāgar and cultural encounter in Bengal. Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Janeja, Manpreet K. Transactions in taste: The collaborative lives of everyday Bengali food. New Delhi: Routledge, 2010.

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Transactions in taste: The collaborative lives of everyday Bengali food. New Delhi: Routledge, 2010.

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Women and labour in late colonial India: The Bengal jute industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Barman, Rup Kumar. Partition of India and its impact on the scheduled castes of Bengal. New Delhi: Abhijeet Publications, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bengal (india), social conditions"

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Nath, Suman. "The changing trajectories in Bengal violence." In Democracy and Social Cleavage in India, 30–44. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273516-3.

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Nath, Suman. "Culture, power and misrecognitions in West Bengal." In Democracy and Social Cleavage in India, 14–29. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273516-2.

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Nath, Suman. "The grandeur of cultural misrecognition, India meets Bengal." In Democracy and Social Cleavage in India, 109–24. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273516-7.

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Tanabe, Akio. "Conditions of ‘developmental democracy’." In Rethinking Social Exclusion in India, 11–29. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge new horizons in South Asian studies: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270821-2.

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Dasgupta, Abhijit. "Affirmative action and exclusion of the Muslim outcastes in West Bengal." In Rethinking Social Exclusion in India, 102–10. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge new horizons in South Asian studies: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270821-7.

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Tirkey, John B., and Sudash Lama. "Academic performance of the scheduled tribe students in West Bengal." In Social Inclusion and Education in India, 85–99. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429281846-5.

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Damodaran, Vinita. "The East India Company, Famine and Ecological Conditions in Eighteenth-Century Bengal." In The East India Company and the Natural World, 80–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137427274_5.

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Karmakar, Pranabpati, Sourav Kastha, Priyam Sarkar, and Megha Chakraborty. "An Assessment of Intra-Regional Infrastructural Inequality of Ranibandh Block, Bankura, West Bengal, India." In Social Morphology, Human Welfare, and Sustainability, 263–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96760-4_11.

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Purkait, Sanat Kumar. "Sustainability to the Development of the Agrarian Economies of Canning Subdivision, Sundarbans, West Bengal, India: A Geographical Appraisal." In Social Morphology, Human Welfare, and Sustainability, 621–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96760-4_25.

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Siddique, Giyasuddin, Zeeshan Faiez Siddique, and Livleen Kahlon. "Significance of Social Systems in Forest and Biodiversity Conservation: Experiences from Jangal Mahals of West Bengal, India." In Conservation, Management and Monitoring of Forest Resources in India, 107–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98233-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bengal (india), social conditions"

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Nandy, Paromita. "Ratiocinate the Sociocultural Habits of Bengali Diaspora Residing in Kerala: A Linguistic Anthropology Study." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.6-2.

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The paper alludes to the study of how humans relocate themselves with cultural practice and its particular axiom, which embrace the meaning and value of how material and intellectual resource are embedded in culture. The study stimulates the cultural anthropology of the Bengali (Indo-Aryan, Eastern India) diaspora in Kerala (South India) that is dynamic and which keeps changing with the environment, keeping in mind a constant examination of group rituals, traditions, eating habits and communication. Languages are always in a state of flux, as are societies, and society contains customs and practices, beliefs, attitudes, way of life and the way people organize themselves as a group. The study scrutinizes the relationship between language and culture of Bengali people while fraternizing with Malayalee which encapsulates cultural knowledge and locates this in the interactions among members of varied cultural groups across time and space. This is influenced by that Bengali diasporic people change across generations owing to cultural gaps and remodeling of language and culture. The study investigates how a social group, having different cultural habits, manages time and space of a new and diverse sociopolitical situation. Moreover, it also investigates the language behaviour of the Bengali diaspora in Kerala by analyzing the linguistic features of Malayalam (Dravidian) spoken, such as how they express their cultural codes in different spatiotemporal conditions and their lexical choice in those situations.
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Dutta, Shuvam. "Language Vitality, Attitude and Endangerment: Understandings from Field Work among Lodha Speakers." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.3-1.

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Lodhas are marginalized scheduled tribe groups in West Bengal, India. They were labeled as criminal tribes until the revocation of the Criminal Tribes’ Act of 1952. Lodha is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by Lodhas in some villages in West Bengal, India. This paper has four objectives. First, this paper discusses the effect of dominant languages. Here we attempt to study the impact of Bangla on the Lodha language. This paper discusses the language attitude of Loedha community. To develop their economy, these communities attempt to interact with the non-tribal Indo-Aryan populations and thus attempt to forget their own language. The paper then discusses in detail the Lodha language attitude, thus landscaping the present condition of Lodha. We then discuss the socio-economic condition of Lodha, and how this condition creates a barrier for these people. Finally, this paper aims to assess the nature and degree of language endangerment of Lodha based on UNESCO’s Language Vitality and Endangerment framework.
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Bramhachari, Rittika, and Sabyasachi Mandal. "A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF RURAL MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS IN THE SUNDARBANS, WEST BENGAL." In EPHP 2016, Bangalore, 8–9 July 2016, Third national conference on bringing Evidence into Public Health Policy Equitable India: All for Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-ephpabstracts.55.

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Bal, Sourabh, and Ingo Kirchner. "Projection of Thermal Bioclimate Conditions over West Bengal, India in Response to Global Warming Based on Climate Model." In ECAS 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2022-12820.

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Ghosh, Aditi. "Representations of the Self and the Others in a Multilingual City: Hindi Speakers in Kolkata." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-4.

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This study examines the attitudes and representations of a select group of Hindi mother tongue speakers residing in Kolkata. Hindi is one of the two official languages of India and Hindi mother tongue speakers are the numerically dominant language community in India, as per census. Further, due to historical, political and socio-cultural reasons, enormous importance is attached to the language, to the extent that there is a wide spread misrepresentation of the language as the national language of India. In this way, speakers of Hindi by no means form a minority in Indian contexts. However, as India is an extremely multilingual and diverse country, in many areas of the country other language speakers outnumber Hindi speakers, and in different states other languages have prestige, greater functional value and locally official status as well. Kolkata is one of such places, as the capital of West Bengal, a state where Bengali is the official language, and where Bengali is the most widely spoken mother tongue. Hindi mother tongue speakers, therefore, are not the dominant majority here, however, their language still carries the symbolic load of a representative language of India. In this context, this study examines the opinions and attitudes of a section of long term residents of Kolkata whose mother tongue is Hindi. The data used in this paper is derived from a large scale survey conducted in Kolkata which included 153 Hindi speakers. The objective of the study is to elicit, through a structured interview, their attitudes towards their own language and community, and towards the other languages and communities in Kolkata, and to examine how they represent and construct the various communities in their responses. The study adopts qualitative methods of analysis. The analysis shows that though there is largely an overt representation of harmony, there are indications of how the socio-cultural symbolic values attached to different languages are also extended to its speakers creating subtle social distances among language communities.
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Mouli, T. Sai Chandra. "Towards Understanding Identity, Culture and Language." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-8.

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Knowledge of self is at the core of all human endeavours. In the quest identity assumes significance. It acquired greater relevance and respect on account of Postcolonial concerns. ‘Class’ emerged as the basis of a person’s identity. Subsequent to liberation of colonies from alien rule, postcolonial concerns gained ground. Focus on indigenous ways of life adds new dimension. Social, cultural, psychological and economic structures became the basis of one’s own view of identity. These dynamics are applicable to languages that flourished, perished or are on the verge of extinction. In India, regional, linguistic, religious diversity add to the complexity of the issue in addition to several subcultures that exist. Culture is not an independent variable. Historical factors, political developments, geographical and climatic conditions along with economic policies followed do contribute to a larger extent in fixing the contours of a country’s culture. Institutional modifications also sway the stability of national culture. Cultural transmission takes place in diverse ways. It is not unidirectional and unilateral. In many countries culture models are passed on from one generation to another through recitation. The learners memorize the cultural expressions without understanding meaning or social significance of what is communicated to them. Naturally, this practice results in hierarchical patterns and hegemony of vested elements. This is how norms of ‘high’ and ‘low’ are formed and extended to written works and oral/folk literatures respectively. This presentation focuses on the identity, culture and language of indigenous people in Telugu speaking states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in South India.
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Amaria, Anosh P., Ryan Nguyen, Joshua A. Davison, Souma Chowdhury, and John F. Hall. "Optimization Model for Owner-Based Microgrids Using LSTM Predicted Demand for Rural Development." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97964.

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Abstract Over the past several years, microgrids have been setup in remote villages in developing countries such as India, Kenya and China to boost the standards of living of the less privileged citizens, mostly by private companies. However, these systems succumb to increase in demand and maintenance issues over time. A method for scaling the capacity of solar powered microgrids is presented in this paper. The scaling is based on both the needs of the owner and those of the consumers. Data acquired from rural villages characterizes the electrical use with respect to time. Further, it employees a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning model that can help the owner predict future demand trends. This is followed by a model to determine the optimum increase in capacity required to meet the predicted demand. The model is based on empowering the owner to make informed decisions and the equity of energy distribution is the key motivation for this paper. The models are applied to a village in Eastern India to test its applicability. Acknowledging the highly varying nature of demand for electricity and its applications, we propose a rule-based adaptive power management strategy which can be tailored specifically in accordance to the preference of the communities. This will ensure a fair distribution of power for everyone using the system, thereby making it applicable anywhere in the world. We propose to incorporate social and demographic conditions of the user in the optimization to ensure that the profit of the owner does not outweigh the needs of the users.
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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.

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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.
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Heard, R. G. "The Ultimate Solution: Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40029.

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The borehole disposal concept (BDC) was first presented to ICEM by Potier, J-M in 2005 [1]. This paper repeats the basics introduced by Potier and relates further developments. It also documents the history of the development of the BDC. For countries with no access to existing or planned geological disposal facilities for radioactive wastes, the only options for managing high activity or long-lived disused radioactive sources are to store them indefinitely, return them to the supplier or find an alternative method of disposal. Disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) pose an unacceptable radiological and security risk if not properly managed. Out of control sources have already led to many high-profile incidents or accidents. One needs only to remember the recent accident in India that occurred earlier this year. Countries without solutions in place need to consider the future management of DSRSs urgently. An on-going problem in developing countries is what to do with sources that cannot be returned to the suppliers, sources for which there is no further use, sources that have not been maintained in a working condition and sources that are no longer suitable for their intended purpose. Disposal in boreholes is intended to be simple and effective, meeting the same high standards of long-term radiological safety as any other type of radioactive waste disposal. It is believed that the BDC can be readily deployed with simple, cost-effective technologies. These are appropriate both to the relatively small amounts and activities of the wastes and the resources that can realistically be found in developing countries. The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd (Necsa) has carried out project development and demonstration activities since 1996. The project looked into the technical feasibility, safety and economic viability of BDC under the social, economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions currently prevalent in Africa. Implementation is near at hand with work being done in Ghana with support from the IAEA. Here the site selection is complete and studies are being carried out to test the site parameters for inclusion into the safety assessment.
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Reports on the topic "Bengal (india), social conditions"

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Aslam, Saba, and Megan Schmidt-Sane. Evidence Review: COVID-19 Recovery in South Asian Urban Informal Settlements. SSHAP, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.012.

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The global pandemic has brought renewed attention toward the everyday challenges in informal settlements. COVID-19 reminds us that southern urban life is rooted in ‘collective’ experiences where toilets and kitchens are shared by multiple families; where the categories of work and home, private and public space overlap; and where the majority live in vulnerable conditions. Despite these challenges, some of the most innovative and collective responses to COVID-19 have emerged from these areas. While informal settlements did face a host of risks and vulnerabilities during the pandemic, local responses have highlighted the resilience of informal settlement communities. However, few informal settlements are actually ‘resilient’ and any local responses must be robustly supported by system-wide change including support from local and national governments, improvements to built infrastructure, and improved access to health care services, among other priorities. The category of ‘informal settlements’ also captures a wide range of settlement types, from a legal slum to an informal settlement with no legal status, with many other types in between. This underscores the need to address fundamental issues that ‘perpetuate conditions of inequity, exclusion and vulnerability’ while also recognising the needs and contexts of different kinds of informal settlements. Whether COVID-19 helps governments recognise conditions of insecurity and vulnerability to address safe and secure housing and infrastructures remains to be seen. This is an update to the previous SSHAP brief on ‘COVID-19 in Informal Urban Settlements’ (March 2020). This evidence review highlights local responses, grassroots efforts, and challenges around COVID-19 recovery within urban informal settlements in South Asia. It focuses on specific examples from Karachi, Pakistan and Mumbai, India to inform policy responses for COVID-19 recovery and future epidemic preparedness and response. We show how local level responses are shaped in these cities where national and international responses have not reached communities at municipal and sub-municipal levels. This brief was written by Saba Aslam (IDS Alumni) and Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), with reviews from Professor Amita Bhide (Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India), Dr Asad Sayeed (Collective for Social Science Research, Pakistan), Annie Wilkinson (IDS), and contributions from Swati Mishra (LSHTM), Prerana Somani (LSHTM), Saleemullah Odho (Deputy Commissioner, Korangi district Karachi), Dr Noman Ahmed (NED University, Karachi), Tahera Hasan (Imkaan Foundation, Karachi), Atif Khan (District Health Officer, Korangi district Karachi), Dr Harris (District Focal person, Korangi), Aneeta Pasha (Interactive for Research and Development, Karachi), Yasmeen Shah (Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum), Ghulam Mustafa (HANDS Pakistan), and Dr Shehrin Shaila Mahmood (icddr,b). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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