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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Benin – History

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Academic literature on the topic 'Benin – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Benin – History"

1

Ekeh, Peter P. "Contesting the History of Benin Kingdom." Research in African Literatures 31, no. 3 (September 2000): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2000.31.3.147.

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Ekeh, Peter Palmer. "Contesting the History of Benin Kingdom." Research in African Literatures 31, no. 3 (2000): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2000.0081.

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Eisenhofer, Stefan. "The Origins of the Benin Kingship in the Works of Jacob Egharevba." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171912.

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The kingdom of Benin has the reputation of being one of the most important examples for a king-oriented state-formation in sub-Saharian Africa. In the past few decades much research has appeared on the early history of this kingdom, the origin of its kingship, and the time of the early Ogiso kings, who are considered by many historians as the autochthonous founders of Benin kingship around 900. These Ogiso rulers are assumed to have been replaced between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries by kings of the later Oba dynasty, which supposedly descends from the Yoruba town of Ife and which continues in office at the present.The abundance of literature on the early history of the Benin kingdom often hides the fact that, apart from sporadic—and for the most part isolated—reports from travelers, a few archeological accounts, and some vaguely dated objects from Benin, the reconstruction of the early history of Benin is based almost exclusively on the data of the Bini local historian Jacob Egharevba, who published prolifically on Benin history and culture from 1930 to 1970. The most famous of his works is the Short History of Benin—a small publication, where the author deals with the history of the kingdom from its origins until the twentieth century.

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Mardjoua, Barpougouni. "Niyanpangu-bansu: An Important Archaeological Site for the Reconstitution of the History of Caravan Trade in Northern Benin." Journal of African Archaeology 18, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20200014.

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Abstract Regarding the history of Borgu (North Benin), well-known events are the legend of Kisra, the war of Ilorin (1835-1836), and the destruction of the city named Niyanpangu. Referred to as Niyanpangu-bansu after its destruction, this archaeological site is known mostly from oral tradition and is located approximately three hundred kilometers west of Nikki (northeast Benin Republic). It has great historical significance which could contribute to our understanding of the history of caravan trade in northern Benin. This paper presents the results of the first ever archaeological research on the site in 2013 and 2014.

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Goerg, Odile, and Helene D'Almeida-Topor. "Histoire economique du Dahomey (Benin) (1890-1920)." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 51 (July 1996): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3771340.

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VON HELLERMANN, PAULINE, and UYILAWA USUANLELE. "THE OWNER OF THE LAND: THE BENIN OBAS AND COLONIAL FOREST RESERVATION IN THE BENIN DIVISION, SOUTHERN NIGERIA." Journal of African History 50, no. 2 (July 2009): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370999003x.

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AbstractColonial forest reservation in the Benin Division of southern Nigeria was remarkably extensive, with reserves taking up almost 65 per cent of the Division by 1937. This paper explores both the various strategies employed by the colonial government in order to bring about large scale reservation and the role of reservation in changing land politics. In doing so, it provides nuanced insights into the interaction between the colonial government and local rulers under indirect rule. It shows that both Oba Eweka II (1914–33) and Oba Akenzua II (1933–79) supported reservation for strategic reasons, but also highlights the government's many underhand tactics in dealing with the Obas.

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Chabi, Maurice. "Benin: growing pains." Index on Censorship 21, no. 7 (July 1992): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535389.

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Jell-Bahlsen, Sabine, Paula Girshick Ben-Amos, Michael Kan, Roy Sieber, David W. Penney, Mary Nooter, and Helen M. Shannon. "The Art of Benin." International Journal of African Historical Studies 30, no. 3 (1997): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220589.

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Bondarenko, Dmitri M. "Advent of the Second (Oba) Dynasty: Another Assessment of a Benin History Key Point." History in Africa 30 (2003): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003144.

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There is no other theme in precolonial Benin Kingdom studies around which so many lances have been broken as that of consolidation of the present-day Second (Oba) dynasty and the person of its founder Oranmiyan (Oranyan in Yoruba). The main reason for this is the existence of considerable disagreements between numerous Bini and Yoruba versions of the oral historical tradition. Besides this, the story of Oranmiyan is one of the Bini and Yoruba oral history pages most tightly connected with mythology. This fact becomes especially important if one takes into account that the oral tradition is no doubt the main (though not the only) source on the consolidation of the Oba Dynasty in Benin. The key point on which different Bini and Yoruba traditions openly contradict each other, and which scholars debate, is the origin of the Dynasty. Who initiated its founding: Bini or Yoruba? Was it a request or a conquest? Are the characters of the oral tradition relations historical figures? Finally, what were historical, sociocultural, and political circumstances of the Oba accession?If one disengages from details, three groups of traditional versions that describe the origin and life of Oranmiyan (including its period connected with Benin) can be distinguished. These groups may be designated as the Yoruba one, the Benin “official” (i.e., traditionally recognized by Oba themselves and most widely spread among common Bini) and Benin “apocryphal” traditions. In the meantime it should be borne in mind that Bini and Yoruba native gatherers and publishers of the oral historical tradition could influence each other. For example, the Yoruba Johnson could influence the Bini Egharevba, while the latter in his turn could influence another Yoruba, Fabunmi, and so on.

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WILLETT, F., and E. V. SAYRE. "THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF BENIN MEMORIAL HEADS." Archaeometry 42, no. 1 (February 2000): 159–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2000.tb00874.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Benin – History"

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Petit, Lucas Pieter. "Archeology and history in North-Western Benin /." Oxford : Archeopress, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400536106.

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Reid, John. "Warrior aristocrats in crisis : the political effects of the transition from the slave trade to palm oil commerce in the nineteenth century Kingdom of Dahomey." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2008.

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Few exploratory ventures would ever be undertaken if the explorer appreciated his own limitations at the outset. Although his ultimate destination is unclear, the route uncertain, the terrain unfamiliar and the tools inadequate he is spurred initially by a self-assurance born of his own limited knowledge. Unfortunately, that same self-assurance ill-equips him for the difficulties which he inevitably has to face en route. This thesis has been no exception to this pattern. It has involved more than its fair share of blind alleys, false trails, disorientation, retracing of footsteps and re-establishment of bearings. It has occasionally been marked by that feeling of despairing bewilderment which confronts the uncertain traveller lost in unfamiliar territory or overwhelmed by the novelty and complexity of his surroundings. Like most exploratory journeys, it has been difficult to decide when the ultimate destination has been reached and almost impossible in restrospect to recall the exact route by which that particular point was achieved. However, the historian of Dahomey is fortunate in comparison with the explorer venturing into virgin territory. For he is well served by the pioneers who have blazed the trail before him and by the signposts which are available to him. The Kingdom of Dahomey has been well covered by primary source material and contemporary documentation and publications.

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Jokinen, Lauri. "Tracing a Transforming Landscape in South Western Benin : An Environmental History of a Collective Family Domain 1960-2016." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-346486.

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This master’s thesis discusses the environmental history of a collective family domain in South Western Benin Republic from 1960 to 2016. Research material was collected through fieldwork in 2014 and 2016 focusing mostly on collective and personal oral histories, and participatory map making. The results of the fieldwork were analysed through a relational theoretical view of landscape to find out whether transformations in the landscape between 1960 and 2016 could be related to the uptake of rice farming in the early 1970s. The conclusion is that while some transformations could be directly linked to the uptake of rice farming, a consideration of wider spatial and temporal scales shows that transformations in the research landscape are part of transformations on broader scales. The uptake of rice farming thus appears as a less dominant factor of transformations in the landscape when broader spatial and temporal scales are considered. The research also included experiments with co-creative fieldwork methodology, which broadened the created research material beyond the initial research focus and offered unique insights to the relation between people and the landscape in the research area.

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Durr, Samantha J. "A Brief History of United States Foreign Development Assistance to Benin, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Senegal Since 2000." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1493389407692537.

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Diebold, Paige. "Yoruba Applique Lappets." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1308073741.

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Cakpo, Érick. "Art chrétien en pays de mission : la sculpture d'inspiration chrétienne au Bénin, XVIIe-XXIe siècles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAK011.

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Au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres, certains textes pontificaux, tels Maximum Illud (1919) de Benoît XV et Rerum Ecclesiae (1926) de Pie XI, ont marqué un tournant très important dans la réflexion missiologique, donnant non seulement une nouvelle impulsion aux missions elles-mêmes mais encore suscitant une nouvelle pratique de l’art chrétien dans les pays de mission. Après avoir été foncièrement européocentrique, la politique iconographique des missionnaires s’efforça désormais d’aboutir à la création d’un art sacré mieux adapté à l’imaginaire, aux langages d’images et aux sensibilités diverses des pays de mission. Forts de ces orientations et surtout encouragés par la prédisposition de l’art local à offrir à la pensée chrétienne de nobles formes d’expression, les missionnaires de la Société des Missions Africaines œuvrèrent activement pour l’émergence de l’art chrétien au Bénin. Les caractéristiques particulières que présente, dans ce pays, l’émergence de l’art chrétien et la richesse des collections d’objets de facture chrétienne par rapport à celles des autres pays d’Afrique méritaient qu’on leur consacre une recherche approfondie. Outre la constitution d’un corpus iconographique, la thèse propose la contextualisation des œuvres, l’examen de leurs diverses fonctions et l’analyse des paradigmes successifs répondant à la nouvelle perspective missiologique : l’inculturation
Papal texts such as Maximum Illud (1919) by Benedict XV or Rerum Ecclesiae (1926) by Pius XI show that the interwar period represented a watershed in missiological thought which gave a new impetus to missions. Hence a new strategy concerning Christian art in “mission countries” was adopted. Because it had beforehand been centred on Europe, the missionaries’ iconographical policy then consisted in creating a form of sacred art which fitted the various cultural characteristics of “mission countries” better. Armed with these tendencies and above all encouraged by the fact that local art could give noble expressions to Christian thought, the missionaries of “La Société des Missions Africaines” worked for the emergence of Christian art in Benin. Christian art in Benin is highly distinctive and the collections of this country boast a significant number of objects of Christian craftsmanship which deserve a thorough research work. Thus, as well as putting an iconographical corpus together, this thesis will describe the background of the works, examine their various functions, and analyse their successive paradigms which correspond to the new missiological perspective: inculturation

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Guiteras, Mombiola Anna. "Para una historia del Beni. Un estudio socioeconómico, político e ideológico de la Amazonía boliviana, siglos XIX-XX." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52876.

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A diferencia de la importancia de las investigaciones que, tradicionalmente, han dado protagonismo al mundo andino, son muy pocos los estudios que, desde el ámbito disciplinario de la historia, han abordado los territorios y las sociedades de las denominadas tierras bajas. En Bolivia, esto significa referirse, fundamentalmente, a la Amazonía que era percibida como “tierras baldías”, sin dueño, al margen de la civilización y susceptibles de ser ocupadas. En este sentido, desde mediados del siglo XIX, la amazonía boliviana pasó a ser administrada por el recién creado departamento del Beni, cuya historia sólo ha sido abordada recientemente y focalizada en acontecimientos del siglo XX. No obstante, se desconocen los aspectos más significativos de la historia socioeconómica y política del Beni durante la etapa de construcción de Bolivia como estado-nación siendo el estudio de este proceso el objetivo general de la tesis. Entendiendo que la conformación y consolidación del estado boliviano pasaba por el control de la amazonía, este trabajo aborda los avances y retrocesos producidos en el proceso de construcción del departamento del Beni, a través de las distintas políticas desarrolladas por el Estado. Ello ha permitido comprender los aspectos más importantes de la región beniana desde 1842, año de la creación del departamento, hasta el establecimiento definitivo de sus límites interestatales e interdepartamentales, en 1938. Así, se han analizado los programas y disposiciones estatales que pretendían nacionalizar la amazonía, siendo de especial interés aquellas que perseguían la exploración y colonización del territorio, la organización político-administrativa del departamento y su definición jurisdiccional; se han considerado también las relaciones, actitudes y prácticas desarrolladas por los grupos dirigentes, los grupos de poder local y regional y las poblaciones indígenas en el ejercicio de sus derechos y el acceso a las cotas de poder político y económico, que permitieron la construcción de la sociedad regional; y, finalmente, se han identificado las principales transformaciones de carácter socioeconómico de la región y, por ende, en la gestión de los recursos naturales y la tierra. Los principales aportes de esta investigación radican en la disección de las políticas estatales relativas hacia el Beni, y el uso y apropiación de éstas por parte de la sociedad local (blanco-mestiza e indígena) en el contexto de construcción del estado-nación boliviano. De ello se desprende que la construcción del departamento y de la sociedad beniana fue posible, fundamentalmente, por el control privado de los recursos naturales y económicos -tierras, ganadería, bosques- existentes en la región por parte de los actores locales y regionales en detrimento, en la mayor parte de las ocasiones, del Estado y también de las poblaciones indígenas. En fin, consideramos que la investigación realizada muestra la incapacidad de todos los gobiernos bolivianos para desarrollar sus políticas orientalistas –defensa de la soberanía, colonización del territorio, etc.- siendo lo acontecido en el Beni, buen indicador de la debilidad e incapacidad de los dirigentes bolivianos para incorporar la amazonía a la república a lo largo del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX.
“For a history of Beni. A socioeconomic, political and ideological study of the Bolivian Amazon, centuries XIX-XX.” SUMMARY: There are very few studies that approach, from the discipline of history, to the territories and the societies of the lowlands. In Bolivia, refers principally to the Amazon, perceived as "the uncultivated lands" that must be occupied. From the middle of 19th century, the Bolivian Amazon was administrated by the department of Beni, whose history in the republican era has been poorly approached. Thus, the general aim of this thesis is the study of the most significant political and socioeconomic aspects of the history of Beni during the construction of Bolivia as nation-state. The control of the Amazon was basic for the consolidation of the Bolivian nation-state. Through diverse policies developed by the State, this thesis examines the progress and setbacks in the construction of the department of Beni, since 1842, the year of the department’s creation, until the final demarcation of their borders in 1938. It analyzes the government programs and regulations that wanted to nationalize the Amazon through the exploration and colonization of the territory, political and administrative organization of the department of Beni and its jurisdiction. Also considers the relationships, attitudes and practices developed by the local and regional groups and indigenous peoples in the exercise of their rights and access to political positions and economic power. And finally, identifies the main socioeconomic transformations in the region and in the management of natural resources and land. The main contributions of this research are in the dissection of state policies concerning the Beni, and the use and the appropriation of them by local society (white-mestizo and indigenous) in the context of construction of the Bolivian nation-state. Thus, the construction the department of Beni and their society was possible mainly by the private control of natural and economic resources of the region -land, livestock and forests- by local and regional groups against, in occasions, the State and indigenous populations. In short, the history of Beni shows the weakness and inability of Bolivian leaders to incorporate the Amazon to the republic during the 19th and early 20th century.

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Van, Hove Hannah Jean. "'How to begin to find a shape?' : situating the mid-twentieth century fiction of Anna Kavan, Alexander Trocchi and Ann Quin." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8199/.

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This thesis is concerned with situating the works of Anna Kavan (1901-1968), Alexander Trocchi (1925-1984) and Ann Quin (1936-1973) within a discussion of British mid-twentieth century fiction. The relative neglect of these authors in academic criticism may be due to the fact that much British experimental writing has previously been ignored in surveys of this period. This thesis argues that a study of their work warrants a more nuanced understanding of the mid-twentieth century literary landscape than conventional accounts have allowed for. In that sense, it aims to contribute to research undertaken in more recent years which is concerned with revising dominant accounts of this period. The broader framework for the thesis is provided in Chapter 1 which examines past and present accounts and categorizations of mid-twentieth century British fiction. The remaining three chapters then focus on the 1940s work of Kavan, the fiction written during the 1950s by Trocchi and Quin’s novels of the 1960s. As well as contributing to research concerned with overviews of this period, this thesis furthers individual studies of each of the novelists presented here. By drawing on archival material and reading their works in conversation with their time and place, it attempts to understand the ways in which the experimental fiction of these three authors responded to the social, cultural and historical forces at work in Britain between the forties and the sixties. Whilst all three authors started out from a strategy of subjectivity, rooting their experimentation in a turn inwards, their works, as this thesis suggests, can be construed of as political in their concern with drawing attention to the osmotic effects of exteriority on interiority.

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Faggionato, Monica. "La rappresentazione umoristica della società italiana nella narrativa di Stefano Benni." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2035/document.

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L’étude des romans et des recueils de récits publiés par Stefano Benni entre 1976 et 2009 a pour but d’illustrer la poétique de cet écrivain à travers l’analyse des éléments thématiques, stylistiques et philosophiques qui la composent. Dans la première partie les thèmes déclinent la valeur de la narration orale et des lieux de socialisation, l’exploration de mondes imaginaires et de leur richesses, la solitude de l’individu, l’enfance avec sa capacité d’imagination et la vieillesse avec sa capacité de mémoire. Le repérage thématique effectué dans la première partie a montré que la production de Benni n’est conçue qu’à l’intérieur du contexte social contemporain, qui est à l’origine d’un travail autour de la parole et de sa signification. Cette partie de la recherche a été indispensable pour identifier les étapes motivationnelles qui déclenchent chez Benni la naissance du texte. L’identification du pouvoir cognitif que Benni reconnaît à la littérature a conduit à étudier, dans la troisième partie, l’arrière-plan philosophique dont s’inspirent la poétique et la vision du monde de Benni. Le processus de la création littéraire chez Benni part de l’observation du réel pour ensuite migrer vers une transfiguration humoristique en laquelle l’écrivain transpose aussi la tension qui s’engendre entre le sentiment individuel conditionné par les faits et la description représentative des faits mêmes. L’écrivain humoriste active ainsi des mécanismes de prise de conscience, de fraternité dans l’angoisse, de confiance dans le changement
This study of the narrative works by Stefano Benni published between 1976 and 2009 aims to illustrate his poetic style through the analysis of its thematic, stylistic and philosophic elements. Themes have been identified to reflect Benni’s values: the importance of oral communication and socialization, the power of imagination to explore new worlds and new solutions, the importance of human diversity in the contemporary society, childhood with its visionary capacity and old age with its memory. Benni’s body of work exists within a contemporary social context. To the reader this is evident on every page due to his careful choice of words and rhythm. All forms of his humor are examined in order to recognize it as the most representative language for the contemporary complexity. This part of the research was essential to identify the motivation behind Benni’s writings. The cognitive power associated with his literature led us to study Benni’s philosophic background and his vision of the world in the third section. The literary process enables the writer to juxtapose the tensions that exist between individual feelings and emotions with the events surrounding a given situation. In this way humor and imagination stimulate empathy, awareness and a faith in change

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Koala, Salif. "Histoire de la presse syndicale africaine de 1958 à 1982 l'exemple de l'Ouest africain (Bénin, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinée, Haute-Volta, Mali, Niger, Sénégal, Togo) /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614755r.

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Books on the topic "Benin – History"

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Ugowe, C. O. O. Benin in world history. Ikoyi, Lagos: Hugo Books, 1997.

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Ọmọregie, Osarẹn S. B. Great Benin. Benin City, Nigeria: Neraso Publishers, 1997.

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Edebiri, D. U. Benin historical essays. Benin City: Allen Publishers, 2003.

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Decalo, Samuel. Historical dictionary of Benin. 3rd ed. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 1995.

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Samuel, Decalo, ed. Historical dictionary of Benin. 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1987.

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Midwinter, Cathy. Benin: An African kingdom. Godalming, Surrey [England]: WWF UK (World Wide Fund for Nature), 1994.

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Midwinter, Cathy. Benin: An African kingdom. Warwick: Educational Television Company., 1994.

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Petit, Lucas Pieter. Archaeology and history in North-Western Benin. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005.

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Emotan: A Benin heroine. Jos: Mazlink Nigeria, 2001.

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Malaquais, Dominique. The kingdom of Benin. New York: F. Watts, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Benin – History"

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Grätz, Tilo. "Vigilantism in Africa: Benin and Beyond." In Globalizing Lynching History, 207–23. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001245_13.

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Mieszkalski, Glenn B., Joan Keit, and Luther W. Brady. "The Natural History of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 39–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78185-8_3.

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Hopwood, Derek. "Ernest Bevin and Palestine." In Studies in Arab History, 117–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20657-5_7.

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Guess, H. A. "Natural History of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In Alternate Methods in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45723-4_1.

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Barry, M. J. "Natural History of Untreated Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In Epidemiology of Prostate Disease, 132–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78826-0_12.

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Bommelaer, G., A. Abergel, S. Ajmi, M. Dapoigny, and R. Tournut. "Can the natural history of reflux esophagitis be defined?" In Benign Lesions of the Esophagus and Cancer, 233–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73055-9_60.

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Cardoso, Gonçalo C., and Luís Reino. "Ecologically Benign Invasions: The Invasion and Adaptation of Common Waxbills (Estrilda astrild) in Iberia." In Environmental History, 149–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74986-0_7.

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Macdonald, Kenneth. "Did British Sociology Begin with the Scottish Enlightenment?" In The History of Sociology in Britain, 37–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19929-6_2.

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Reames, Donald V. "A Turbulent History." In Solar Energetic Particles, 19–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_2.

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AbstractLarge solar energetic-particle (SEP) events are clearly associated in time with eruptive phenomena on the Sun, but how? When large SEP events were first observed, flares were the only visible candidate, and diffusion theory was stretched to explain how the particles could spread through space, as widely as observed. The observation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the wide, fast shock waves they can drive, provided better candidates later. Then small events were found with 1000-fold enhancements in 3He/4He that required a different kind of source—should we reconsider flares, or their open-field cousins, solar jets? The 3He-rich events were soon associated with the electron beams that produce type III radio bursts. It seems the radio astronomers knew of both SEP sources all along. Sometimes the distinction between the sources is blurred when shocks reaccelerate residual 3He-rich impulsive suprathermal ions. Eventually, however, we would even begin to measure the source-plasma temperature that helps to better distinguish the SEP sources.

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Pelling, Henry. "Office and Power under Attlee and Bevin (1940–50)." In A Short History of the Labour Party, 88–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21206-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Benin – History"

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Yousef, A., G. Winterleitner, and M. Mutti. "Reconstruction of the Burial and Thermal History of the Beni Suef Basin, North Central Egypt." In 82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202011836.

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Thamire, Chandrasekhar, Rabee Zuberi, Charlie Choe, and Prabhakar Pandey. "Treatment Planning for Transurethral and Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10903.

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The purpose of this study is to develop thermal-damage correlations for transurethral and interstitial thermotherapy to aid treatment planning for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Using an Alternating-direction implicit method, the Pennes bioheat transfer equation is solved for microwave and ultrasound hyperthermia applicators for a range of parameters, including the applicator power, treatment time, and coolant parameters. Thermal coagulation contours are developed by evaluating the temperature-history data against the thermal-damage data obtained in ex-vivo experiments for prostate tissue slices and cells. Treatment protocols are proposed for treatment planning purposes and developing an optimal hyperthermia applicator that can coagulate the target tissue effectively, without destroying the surrounding healthy tissue.

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Brubaker, Clifford E., and Dudley S. Childress. "Engineering in Rehabilitation: A Brief History of Engineering Contributions to the Science, Art and Practice of Rehabilitation." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32041.

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It seems appropriate to begin by acknowledging that the evolution of a field or discipline is subject to invention and discovery but, perhaps, even more so to political and social forces. It is also worth noting that advances proceed erratically for these same reasons. This is certainly the case for Engineering and its sub-disciplines of Bioengineering and Rehabilitation Engineering. Hopefully this will become evident in the following discourse.

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Israel, Sarah, Hind Warzecha, Amy L. Gross, Armanda Tatsas, Andrew Lee, Betty May, Jennifer Axilbund, et al. "Abstract 3568: Progression from benign breast disease to cancer in women with a family history of breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3568.

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Coller, B. S., and J. Jesty. "ANTI-THROMBINneo IgG IN AN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT WITH A BENIGN MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644344.

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A 68 year old male hospitalized for cardiac disease was found to have an elevated prothrombin time (18.5/12.4 s) and aPTT (59.6/25.9s). He had no history of excessive bleeding or bruising. Subsequent evaluation revealed: thrombin time >500/34.1 s; fibrinogen 260 mg/dl functional and 522 mg/dl immunologic; reptilase 25.6/18.1 s; thrombin-induced platelet release of ATP (patient=0 and control=14.6 nmoles/109 platelets at 0.5 U/ml); AT-III 89% functional and 36.5 mg/dl immunologic; and prothrombin 167%. Mixing experiments showed the presence of an inhibitor of the thrombin time, and purification of IgG by protein A affinity chromatography showed the inhibitor of fibrin formation to reside in the IgG fraction. When coupled to Affi-gel 10, patient IgG (but not control IgG) removed purified thrombin from solution; the same gel did not remove prothrombin. The patient's IgG did not inhibit thrombin’s cleavage of a chromogenic substrate (Chromozym TH). Studies on the patient's serum revealed: IgG 2,360 mg/dl, IgA 371 mg/dl, and IgM 107 mg/dl. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis showed a monoclonal IgG lambda protein with probably normal amounts of normal IgG. Other parameters (hematocrit, albumin, calcium, bone marrow histology, bone X-rays) indicated that the patient has a benign monoclonal gammopathy, not multiple myeloma. We conclude that our patient is producing an IgG inhibitor that reacts with a neo-antigen produced by the cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin; the IgG can prevent the interaction of thrombin with fibrinogen and the thrombin receptor on platelets, but not small synthetic substrates. We suspect that his monoclonal IgG is the inhibitor and find it remarkable that he has no increase in bleeding.

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Sousa, Hélder S., Carmen Sguazzo, and Manuel Cabaleiro. "Use of BIM in rehabilitation and assessment of the built heritage: from the visible to the intangible." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1773.

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<p>Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been increasingly expanding its application to different fields of civil engineering and Historic building information modelling (HBIM) is an example of that. Although, the concept has already drawn the attention of several researchers, there are still many limitations to a full and holistic process that may take HBIM to the same level of applicability that BIM used for new construction has.</p><p>Traditionally, assessment of existing structures, specially heritage structures, begin with the documentation of all important information dealing with the history, characteristics, type, material, uses and applied techniques, among other relevant information that may be retrieved by different sources. Further on, a geometrical survey accompanied with visual inspection and non or semi destructive testing leads to the geometry definition of the structure and to its condition (damage/defects) mapping. All of this information, must be analysed for consequent structural assessment and after stored in a proper database in order to monitor the condition change of the structure along time.</p><p>This paper, presents a framework for use of BIM in rehabilitation and assessment of the built heritage, based on the review of recent works, as to allow a better understanding of the potential for the management of important and significant structures. The paper deals with the dilemma of bringing what a “traditional” assessment can see to how intangible information may be applied.</p>

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Ceravolo, R. "Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Preservation of Some Iconic Concrete Structures of the 20th Century." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0054.

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<p>Great architects and structural engineers such as Berg (1870-1947), Maillart (1872-1940), Freyssinet (1879- 1962), Torroja (1899 -1961), Nervi (1891-1979), Candela (1910-1997), Isler (1926-2009) and many others have designed recognized works of art in their discipline. They conceived extraordinary concrete spatial structures, that are located mostly in Europe and represent a unique legacy. It is important to raise awareness of this heritage, define the criteria for preserving it and begin the process of its renovation and rehabilitation.</p> <p>While concrete has become a 20th century emblem, much of the world’s heritage from this period is unrecognized or undervalued, and therefore it is at risk and in need of analysis and protection. Innovative technologies and solutions are needed that contribute to the successful reuse of modern concrete built heritage. Indeed, such structures are plagued by significant deterioration and most of them are in urgent need of retrofitting and/or radical refurbishment. In other words, there is a need to bring some of these buildings back to life, while respecting the spirit of their original characters, through new technologies for long-term conservation that can maintain an adequate level of structural performance. Achieving this goal would produce substantial economic impacts through activities such as restoration, maintenance, and cultural industry.</p> <p>The keynote lecture, more specifically, focuses on the condition assessment, monitoring and preservation of 20th century architectural heritage characterized by a complex spatial structural design. The service life of civil and cultural heritage concrete spatial structures is typically thought to range from 10 to 200 years, but in practice the service environment plays a pivotal role in sustained durability. Indeed, the collapse of Polcevera Viaduct in Genoa has raised strong concerns on the durability of concrete structures conceived at that time. The scientific community has once again underlined the important role played by maintenance and continuous structural health monitoring in avoiding these disastrous events. In order to demonstrate a correct approach to condition monitoring of concrete spatial buildings and bridges, some important experiences are described that were recently obtained at the Polytechnic of Turin on the structural analysis, seismic vulnerability and condition assessment for iconic 20th century heritage buildings.</p>

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Akiyama, H., V. Manlapaz, C. Wong, Y. Yamazaki, M. Knapp, and S. Ohara. "Abstract P6-03-11: Differences in serum miRNA signatures in women with pathology-confirmed breast cancer, benign breast diseases and healthy individuals with no cancer history." In Abstracts: 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 5-9, 2017; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-03-11.

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Streit, Paul A. "An Extended Integrated Development Environment Strategy for the Enterprise." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85430.

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This document outlines a Rockwell Collins initiative currently underway to establish an eXtended Integrated Development Environment (XIDE) throughout its enterprise. The strategies contained in this document are either based on steps already complete or steps that are planned. We begin with a description of the XIDE vision followed by the major attributes of an XIDE and their importance. Several approaches to XIDE tool integration are described and a tool integration framework technology is selected based on the goals of scalability and modularity, available components for tool integration, and platform portability characteristics. A strategic migration plan is then outlined by identifying steps necessary to implement the XIDE vision. The implementation steps are then explored further along with reasons why they’re necessary and guidance on how to approach them. The final section explores Eclipse in much greater detail, including its history as an open source tool, the Eclipse Foundation, and justification for its selection for the XIDE framework. Also included are guidelines for the use of open source, and a review of several scenarios where contributing to open source can make sound business sense.

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Ahmed, Tamseel Murtuza, Zaara Ali, Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman, and Eylem Asmatulu. "Advanced Recycled Materials for Economic Production of Fire Resistant Fabrics." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88640.

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Fire protective clothing is crucial in many applications, in military/government (Navy, Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Law Enforcement) and industry (working with furnaces, casting, machining and welding). Fire resistant clothes provide protection to those who are at risk for exposure to fire hazards (intense heat and flames) and provide inert barrier between the skin and fire and shields the user from direct exposure to fire and irradiation. Flame retardant and chemical protective apparel consumption was 997 million m2 in 2015. This market size expected to grow more due to substantial increase in military and industrial demand. Advanced materials have long history in these areas to protect human life against the hazards. There are two main application techniques for producing fire resistant clothing: 1) Using fire retardant materials directly in the textile, and 2) Spray coating on the garments. Over the time these physically and chemically treated cloths begin to degrade and become less protective due to UV and moisture exposure, abrasion, wear, and laundry effects which will shorten the useful wear life of those cloths. The study compared the improved fire resistance of fabrics when treated with recycled graphene solution.

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Reports on the topic "Benin – History"

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O’ Brien, Gisela, Magaly Lavadenz, and Elvira Armas. Project-Based Learning for English Learners: Promises and Challenges. CEEL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2014.1.

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In this article the authors explore project-based learning (PBL) as an avenue for meeting the needs of English learners against the backdrop of both the 2010 California Common Core State Standards and the 2012 English Language Development Standards. They begin with a definition and brief history of PBL. The authors then propose and expanded version of PBL that considers the unique linguistic needs of ELs and conclude with two promising examples from two California school districts.

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The COVID Decade: understanding the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726583.001.

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The British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review on the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. This report outlines the evidence across a range of areas, building upon a series of expert reviews, engagement, synthesis and analysis across the research community in the Social Sciences, Humanities and the Arts (SHAPE). It is accompanied by a separate report, Shaping the COVID decade, which considers how policymakers might respond. History shows that pandemics and other crises can be catalysts to rebuild society in new ways, but that this requires vision and interconnectivity between policymakers at local, regional and national levels. With the advent of vaccines and the imminent ending of lockdowns, we might think that the impact of COVID-19 is coming to an end. This would be wrong. We are in a COVID decade: the social, economic and cultural effects of the pandemic will cast a long shadow into the future – perhaps longer than a decade – and the sooner we begin to understand, the better placed we will be to address them. There are of course many impacts which flowed from lockdowns, including not being able to see family and friends, travel or take part in leisure activities. These should ease quickly as lockdown comes to an end. But there are a set of deeper impacts on health and wellbeing, communities and cohesion, and skills, employment and the economy which will have profound effects upon the UK for many years to come. In sum, the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and differences and created new ones, as well as exposing critical societal needs and strengths. These can emerge differently across places, and along different time courses, for individuals, communities, regions, nations and the UK as a whole. We organised the evidence into three areas of societal effect. As we gathered evidence in these three areas, we continually assessed it according to five cross-cutting themes – governance, inequalities, cohesion, trust and sustainability – which the reader will find reflected across the chapters. Throughout the process of collating and assessing the evidence, the dimensions of place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term) played a significant role in assessing the nature of the societal impacts and how they might play out, altering their long-term effects.

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