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Journal articles on the topic 'Bentonite clay based geosynthetic liner'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Khan, M. K., M. D. Camillis, G. D. Emidio, and A. Bezuijen. "Experimental study to evaluate soil water retention curve of HYPER clay geosynthetic clay liner." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, no. 1 (2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012027.

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Abstract Geosynthetic clay liners are widely used as hydraulic barrier due to their low hydraulic conductivity but bentonite in the liners loses its effectiveness due to significant thermal fluxes by both diurnal and seasonal heating and cooling cycles. Modified sodium carboxy methyl cellulose-based bentonite clay (HYPER clay) has shown better hydraulic performance in both situations. A possible reason for this improved performance of HYPER clay based geosynthetic clay liner is the improvement in the suction under changing thermal conditions. Thus, the relationship between soil suction and moi

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2

Rowe, R. Kerry, Richard W. I. Brachman, and W. Andy Take. "Field measurements of overlap reductions for two reinforced fabric-encased geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 5 (2018): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0375.

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Two geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) reported to have experienced significant shrinkage at other locations are examined on both a 3H:1V south-facing slope and a relatively flat base on a silty sand. The GCLs were overlapped by 300 mm with 400 g/m of supplemental bentonite and covered by a black 1.5 mm high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane to form a composite liner that was left exposed in a full-scale field test embankment for a period of almost 5 years. It is shown that despite the relatively uniform exposure conditions, shrinkage is highly variable with a maximum shrinkage of GCL A bei

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3

Zhu, Jianghong, Yu Tan, Craig H. Benson, Jimmy Youngblood, Sabrina Bradshaw, and Tuncer B. Edil. "Using viscosity as an index for polymer loading of bentonite-polymer composite geosynthetic clay liners." E3S Web of Conferences 569 (2024): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456914002.

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Bentonite-polymer composite (BPC) geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) containing a mixture of air-dry granules of bentonite and polymer have been developed for containment of wastes that generate leachates that are too aggressive for conventional sodium bentonite GCLs. Sufficient polymer loading is essential for BPC GCLs to maintain low hydraulic conductivity, and expedient methods are needed for manufacturing quality control and construction quality control to confirm that BPC GCLs contain sufficient polymer. In this study, a methodology for developed to estimate the polymer loading based on visc

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4

Salemi, Niloofar, Seyed Mehdi Abtahi, Mohammad Ali Rowshanzamir, and Seyed Mehdi Hejazi. "Improving hydraulic performance and durability of sandwich clay liner using super-absorbent polymer." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 3 (2017): 1055–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217707559.

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The hydraulic performance and durability of geosynthetic clay liner containing various amounts of sodium polyacrylate polymer are experimentally studied. Sodium polyacrylate, generally known as a super-absorbent polymer, is a polymeric material with a potential of high water absorbance due to its chemical structure. In this study, sodium polyacrylate powder is used as a partial replacement of bentonite as much as 3%, 5% and 7% by the weight of bentonite. For comparison, the hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liner without super-absorbent polymer is also experimented. Atterberg limits,

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5

Huai, Yang Yang, Zhong Lei Dou, Zhi Ming Sun, Shui Lin Zheng, and Hao Ran Cui. "The Research on Improving the Salt Resistance of Bentonite Used in Geosynthetic Clay Liner." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.696.

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Geosynthetic Clay Liner, a water-proofing material which takes polymer as its carrier and bentonite as its basis, has been widely applied in the seepage-proofing projects including irrigation works, gardening and roadbed. In order to improve salt-resistance of bentonite used in Geosynthetic Clay Liner in saline environment, this paper innovatively uses chemical methods to modify the bentonite material. The experimental result shows that the optimum conditions are 100% of acrylic neutralization degree, 0.04%MBA, 1.2%KPS and holding at 70°C for 1 h. According to results of soil moisture supply c

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6

Lange, K., R. K. Rowe, H. Jamieson, R. L. Flemming, and A. Lanzirotti. "Characterization of geosynthetic clay liner bentonite using micro-analytical methods." Applied Geochemistry 25, no. 7 (2010): 1056–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.011.

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7

Brachman, R. W. I., A. Rentz, R. K. Rowe, and W. A. Take. "Classification and quantification of downslope erosion from a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) when covered only by a black geomembrane." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 4 (2015): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0241.

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Field observations of downslope bentonite erosion from a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) covered by only a black geomembrane are reported for a composite liner left exposed without a protective soil cover for much longer than recommended by the GCL manufacturer. A new nondestructive, light-transmission technique developed to investigate bentonite erosion features in the field is presented. A classification system is developed to describe the type of erosion features observed. Results from five field investigations at the Queen’s University Environmental Liner Test Site (QUELTS II) are reported t

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8

Seah, Yew-Heng Sherman, and Eng-Choon Leong. "Shrinkage cracks of bentonite-zeolite mixtures." E3S Web of Conferences 382 (2023): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338214002.

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Bentonite is commonly used in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) as well as compacted clay liner (CCL) for containment facilities such as sanitary landfills due to its low permeability. Bentonite experiences significant shrinkage on drying, leading to the formation of desiccation cracks and increasing the likelihood of contaminant leachate from the landfill. Adding granular materials such as fine sand to bentonite canreduce shrinkage and hence shrinkage cracks. Recently, zeolite has been suggested as another possible additive to reduce be shrinkage cracks in bentonite. Zeolite has additional benefi

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9

Chai, Jin-Chun, and Nutthachai Prongmanee. "Barrier properties of a geosynthetic clay liner using polymerized sodium bentonite." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 48, no. 3 (2020): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.12.010.

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10

Hoai, T. T., M. T. Nhuan, T. Mukunoki, T. T. Dung, and L. T. K. Linh. "Modelling migration of ammonium ion through landfill bottom barriers subjected to elevated temperature and dry-wet cycles, a case study in southern Hanoi, Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1226, no. 1 (2023): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1226/1/012018.

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Abstract Geosynthetic clay liners and compacted clay liners are common bottom barriers in landfills. One of the important steps in barrier design is to evaluate the effectiveness of the bottom barrier system in practical conditions based on modelling contaminant migration. This study simulates the migration of ammonium ions through proposed bottom barriers for design under consideration of the southern Hanoi area’s temperature and geohydrology conditions, then evaluates potential impacts on normalized ammonium concentration in groundwater. Proposed bottom barriers include geosynthetic clay lin

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11

Budihardjo, Mochamad Arief. "The Influence of Salt Solution on Morphological Changes in a Geosynthetic Clay Liner." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6349407.

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Morphological variations of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) samples, hydrated with two different permeates, distilled water and NaCl solution (100 mM concentration), were observed in detail using microscopic analysis. After the GCL samples were hydrated with the NaCl solution, they were observed with an optical microscope. While the surface of the treated GCL samples was similar to the surface of the untreated GCL, a crystal deposit was found on the surface of the treated samples. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a more solid appearance was observed for the bentonite particles contain

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12

SASAKI, Takashi, Takayuki KAWAGUCHI, Shunzo KAWAJIRI, and Satoru SHIBUYA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FRICTION RESISTANCE BETWEEN SOIL AND BENTONITE GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER." Geosynthetics Engineering Journal 30 (2015): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal.30.133.

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13

Zhao, Hanrui, and Kuo Tian. "Shear strength of HDPE smooth geomembrane/bentonite-polymer geosynthetic clay liner interface." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 51, no. 6 (2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2023.08.006.

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14

Nisha, N. P., and J. Prakash Arul Jose. "The Impact of High-Concentration Salt Solution on Morphological Changes in a Geosynthetic Clay Liner." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 2 (2023): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i02.023.

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Microscopic examination was used to begin investigating the changes in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens that had been hydrated with two separate solutions: pure water and a 50 percent concentration NaCl solution. After already being hydrated with NaCl aqueous solution, the GCL samples were examined under an electron microscope. Even though the treated GCL samples’ surfaces mirrored those of the untreated GCL, a crystal deposit was found there. It was found that the bentonite particles in the GCL sample appeared more solid after being hydrated with distilled water as opposed to the NaCl

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15

Yang, Yang, Jianyong Shi, and Xuede Qian. "Effect of Temperature on Internal Shear Strength Mechanism of Needle-Punched GCL." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (2021): 4585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084585.

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Needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (NPGCL) has been widely used in landfills. The internal strength of the GCL changes with temperature variation, which affects its application in landfills. A large-scale temperature-controlled direct shear apparatus was developed to study the internal shear strength characteristics of GCL affected by temperature. The internal strength of the GCL was dependent on the bentonite, the fibers, and the interaction between the fibers and the bentonite. The influence of temperature on the internal strength of the GCL was mainly reflected in the displacement at pe

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16

Maurya, Sharmila Devi. "Effect of amended Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) on chromium contaminated leachate." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 8, no. 11 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.811.3.

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Contamination of heavy metals has a detrimental effect on human health. Facilities for the disposal of municipal solid waste are among the possibilities that contaminate groundwater and the environment the most. Leachate is the term for the fluid that results from the anaerobic oxidation of solid waste in landfills. Depending on the type of waste, leachate comprises organic, inorganic, and heavy metals. The primary problem in developing countries is the leachate-related contamination of ground and surface water. Cr (Chromium), one of the heavy metals contained in the leachate, is one of the ma

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17

Razali, Roslizayati, Nor Azizah Che Azmi, Diana Che Lat, Mazidah Mukri, and Farah Hafifie Ahamad. "The Significant Effect of Interface Shear Strength Between Soil Liner and Geotextile with Different Percentages of Bentonite and Sodium Bentonite with Geosynthetic." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815002009.

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This research focuses on the interface shear performance between geotextile and soil with various percentages of bentonite and sodium bentonite for landfill stability by using Direct Shear Test. Admixtures are mixed with clay to improve its performance as a liner material due to their ability to fill the voids between soil particles and also the most effective sealants. The aim of this study is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of bentonite and sodium bentonite on improving interface shear strength of fine soil. In this study, direct shear box was used to measure the interface shear stre

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18

Brachman, Richard W. I., Prabeen Joshi, and R. Kerry Rowe. "Hydraulic Performance of Overlapped Geosynthetic Clay Liner Seams Requiring Field-Applied Supplemental Bentonite." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 142, no. 12 (2016): 04016067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001566.

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19

Sirieix, C., F. Genelle, C. Barral, N. Touze-Foltz, J. Riss, and B. Bégassat. "Characterizing the ageing of a geosynthetic clay liner through electrical resistivity." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 3 (2016): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0111.

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In closed hazardous waste landfills, impermeable layered covers mainly composed of clays, geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or geomembrane, etc. are used to seal in the waste to minimize water infiltration and accumulation of leachate inside the waste. An experimental site of landfill cap was realized with sodium-activated calcium bentonite GCL at a depth of 0.45 m covered by gravels and top soil. The monitoring of this site was performed during 32 months with measurements of weather conditions, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and geotechnical measurements at the end of the monitoring.

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20

Zhan, Liang-Tong, Lin-Feng Cao, Rui Zhao, Zhao-Hua Ding, Shi-Ping Xie, and Yun-Min Chen. "Performances of the Soil–Bentonite Cutoff Wall Composited with Geosynthetic Clay Liners: Large-Scale Model Tests and Numerical Simulations." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031886.

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The geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) overlap plays a key role in maintaining hydraulic performance of the barrier systems, e.g., the bottom liner and cover systems. However, its influences on the behavior of the vertical barrier have been rarely investigated. This paper aims to address this issue using the large-scale model test and 3-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling. In the model test, the GCL overlap at the width of 500 mm was tested under a constant hydraulic head of 1 m and confining stress ranging from 10 to 150 kPa using a newly developed large-scale apparatus. Compared with the fle

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21

Adu-Wusu, Celestina, and Ernest K. Yanful. "Performance of engineered test covers on acid-generating waste rock at Whistle mine, Ontario." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 1 (2006): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-088.

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This paper presents the design and 3 year field performance results of three engineered test soil covers for the mitigation of acid rock drainage (ARD) at Whistle mine near Capreol, Ontario. Each test cover was a two-layer system consisting of a 0.90 m noncompacted pit-run gravelly sand overlying a barrier layer. The three barrier layers studied were a 0.46 m thick mixture of sand (92%) and bentonite (8%) (SB), a 0.60 m thick layer of sandy silt with about 5% clay (SS), and a 0.008 m thick geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). Each cover was installed on 6.10 m thick acid-generating waste rock and wa

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22

Banar, Müfide, Yücel Güney, Aysun Özkan, Zerrin Günkaya, Eren Bayrakcı, and Derya Ulutaş. "Utilization of Waste Clay from Boron Production in Bituminous Geosynthetic Barrier (GBR-B) Production as Landfill Liner." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1648920.

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Bituminous geomembranes, one type of geosynthetics, include a hot bituminous mixture with mineral filler and reinforcement. In this study, boron production waste clay (CW) was used as filler to produce a geosynthetic barrier with bentonite, waste tire, and bitumen. Bentonite and waste tires were used as auxiliary fillers and bitumen as the binder. CW/bitumen, CW/bentonite/bitumen, and CW/waste tire/bitumen mixtures were prepared by using a laboratory mixer at 100°C. Hot mixtures were extruded into strips by using a lab-scale corotating twin screw extruder (L/D: 40) followed by die casting (2 m

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23

Liu, Ying Zhuo, Yi Fei Mei, Hai Bo Liu, Dan Hua Xu, and Chao Peng. "Identification and Assessment of Natural Sodium Bentonite." Key Engineering Materials 633 (November 2014): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.154.

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Disordered application of bentonite in the waterproof projects has caused irreparable damage to the economic and environmental for the shortage of significant identification methods of natural sodium bentonite. Considering the complex domestic situation of bentonite using, 3 types of natural sodium bentonite and 6 types of bentonite materials in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) in the market were studied and compared in this research to address means for identification and assessment of natural sodium bentonite. Against the potential modification of bentonite, various ways of characterization wer

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Acikel, A. S., W. P. Gates, R. M. Singh, A. Bouazza, D. G. Fredlund, and R. K. Rowe. "Time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of geosynthetic clay liners." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 12 (2018): 1824–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0646.

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Three different chilled-mirror hygrometer test procedures were developed to investigate the time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of powdered and granular bentonite based needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) on both the wetting and drying paths of the water retention curve (WRC). The GCL structure and bentonite forms governed the effect of measurement time and duration as well as the time-dependent suction changes of the bentonite component at a constant gravimetric water content. A conceptual model is proposed to explain the observed time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of the GCLs.

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25

Ali, Mohammad Asgar, Abdelmalek Bouazza, Rao Martand Singh, Will P. Gates, and R. Kerry Rowe. "Thermal conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 9 (2016): 1510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0585.

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The thermal conductivities of powdered and granular bentonite based needle punched geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) were investigated at different gravimetric water contents under 25, 50, 75, and 100 kPa vertical stresses. Both types of GCLs exhibited an increase in thermal conductivity with increasing vertical stress at all water contents. The effect of vertical stresses was more pronounced for the specimens hydrated at lower gravimetric water contents and this was attributed to their high initial volumetric air content. The variability of water distribution in partially hydrated GCLs has been

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26

Hosney, M. S., and R. Kerry Rowe. "Changes in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) properties after 2 years in a cover over arsenic-rich tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 3 (2013): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0367.

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A test cover comprised of three different needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) products and covered with up to 1 m of cover soil (gravelly sand) was built over arsenic-rich tailings at a former gold mine in Nova Scotia, Canada, to evaluate the performance of the GCLs under local climatic conditions. Of the GCLs examined, one had untreated and two had polymer-enhanced natural sodium bentonite. The three GCLs each had different carriers: one with a woven geotextile, one with a scrim-reinforced nonwoven geotextile, and one with a woven geotextile laminated with a polypropylene film. At so

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27

Zhang, Guang-Wei, Hu-Yuan Zhang, Jin-Fang Wang, Lang Zhou, Ping Liu, and Xiao Jiang. "Laboratory investigation of self-healing properties on geosynthetic clay liners with flaw." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 1 (2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0007.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the self- healing properties of a commercially-available geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) using flexible-wall permeameter. The GCLs are produced by the same factory, but the contents of bentonite are different. Also the hydraulic conductivities (HC) of GCLs with no defect are different. In this study, specimens were completely saturated under the backpressure of 20 kPa before the test. Permeability tests were performed on GCL specimens with penetrating flaw and also on specimens permeated with distilled water and CaCl2 solutions. The test result

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28

Li, Qin, Hailin Zhang, and Yanlin Zhang. "Impermeability Effect of Heavy Metal Cr⁶⁺ in Bauxite Leachates by Polymer-modified Bentonite Composite Geosynthetic Clay liners." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3015, no. 1 (2025): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3015/1/012001.

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Abstract Bauxite leachate, a byproduct of the alumina extraction process, is characterized by its high alkalinity (pH > 12) and elevated concentrations of heavy metal ions, such as Cr6+. It poses a serious threat to the surrounding environment and human health once leaked. In this study, polymer-modified bentonite geosynthetic clay liner (BPC GCL) was used as the impermeability material of bauxite leachate. The results showed that the combination of bentonite and polymer hydrogel could significantly reduce the permeability coefficient of bentonite. Additionally, the transport model of Cr6+

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29

Hidayat, T., and Y. F. Arifin. "The Potential of Bentonite and Chitosan Mixtures as Clay Liner Base Material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012011.

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Abstract A polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixture has been widely used as a clay liner. This research focuses on the potential use of chitosan as a natural polymer mixed with bentonite as a clay liner base material. The bentonite used is a type of calcium bentonite, which is easily obtained in the market. Meanwhile, chitosan is produced from shrimp shell waste and is also easily available in the market. The process of mixing chitosan with a percentage of 2–6% of bentonite was carried out using a certain method, which is described in detail in the article. The materials’ physical, chemical, an

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30

Tincopa, Mayu, and Gonzalo Carnero-Guzman. "Non-isothermal moisture migration in a GCL composite liner system." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704008.

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Geosynthetic Clay liners (GCLs) are used extensively in waste management facilities as part of hydraulic and gas barriers since the bentonite, active component of GCLs, possesses a low conductivity when well hydrated. GCL hydration occurs in the unsaturated regime following the water retention curve of the GCL and subsoil (wetting and drying path of the WRC of the GCL and subsoil, respectively). Moreover, the GCL hydration is controlled/governed by factors such as applied stress condition, subsoil characteristics, and weather condition (temperature). This paper numerically studied the influenc

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Menzies, W. T., G. A. Fenton, C. B. Lake, and D. V. Griffiths. "A method to assess risk reduction when utilizing geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) with compacted soil liners." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 1 (2011): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-055.

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This paper presents an analytical solution developed to estimate probabilities of “failure” or advective flux “exceedance” for the case of a spatially variable geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) situated over a spatially variable compacted soil liner (CSL). The risk of utilizing such a liner system is assessed relative to a regulatory compacted clay-based soil liner. The analytical solution developed is validated over a range of parameters against random field simulation using the Local Average Subdivision method, and the analytical solution is shown to be in good agreement with simulation. The ana

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binti Zainuddin, Atiqah Najwa, Mazidah binti Mukri, Nik Nurul Syuhada binti Nik Ab Aziz, and Mohamed Khatif Tawaf bin Mohamed Yusof. "Study of Nano-Kaolinite Properties in Clay Liner Application." Materials Science Forum 889 (March 2017): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.889.239.

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This paper reports the outcome of the laboratory investigation conducted on new clay liners modified with kaolinite combined with various content of lime-treated, various content of bentonite and admixture of kaolinite adding with 3% nano-kaolinite for composition. The 3% nano-kaolinite was chosen based on earlier finding by S.V.Netethu (2013). The various content of lime-treated and bentonite adopted are 2.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% by total weight of the kaolinite. Compaction tests was performed on the resulted modified clay liner samples to evaluate the best percentage that gives optimum mois

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Naka, Angelica, Giancarlo Flores, Toru Inui, Hirofumi Sakanakura, and Takeshi Katsumi. "Hydraulic performance and chemical compatibility of a powdered Na-bentonite geosynthetic clay liner permeated with mine drainage." Soils and Foundations 59, no. 5 (2019): 1128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.02.005.

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34

Lo, Irene Man-Chi. "Optimization in thickness of a liner composed of claymax® and organo-clay." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (1996): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0650.

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Present design philosophy reflects the uncertainty about the long-term effectiveness of liner systems by incorporating redundancy in the barrier layers through the concurrent use of both geosynthetic and clay minerals. A possible reason may be the lack of an engineering based design procedure for liners and a lack of a suitable optimization model which can be used to predict liner performance. In this study, Claymax® and Organo-Clay are chosen to be the liner materials because of their low hydraulic conductivity and high sorption capacity, respectively. The simulation model “Pollute 3.3” is co

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35

Adu-Wusu, Celestina, and Ernest K. Yanful. "Post-closure investigation of engineered test covers on acid-generating waste rock at Whistle Mine, Ontario." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 4 (2007): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-132.

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Three engineered test covers were installed at the Whistle Mine test site, near Capreol, Ontario, and monitored over 4 years. Each cover was a two-layer system consisting of a 0.90 m noncompacted gravelly sand overlying a barrier layer and a 6.10 m waste rock platform. The barriers consisted of a 92% sand – 8% bentonite mixture, a sandy silt, and a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). A control plot (waste rock without cover) was also monitored. Water percolation through the covers was 61% for the sandy silt cover, 24% for the sand–bentonite mixture, 12% for the GCL, and 58% for the control. Post-mo

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Peng, Ming-Qing, Zhi-Chao Qiu, Zhang-Long Chen, Hui Xu, Si-Liang Shen, and Jia-Jie Zhou. "Analytical Solution for Contaminant Transport through a Soil–Bentonite (SB)/Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)/Soil–Bentonite (SB) Composite Cutoff Wall and an Aquifer." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071486.

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This study develops a one-dimensional analytical solution for contaminant advection, diffusion and adsorption through a soil–bentonite (SB)/geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)/SB–aquifer composite cutoff wall (CCW) system. The solution agrees well with an existing double-layer model. Adopting toluene as a representative contaminant, using the present solution, the analysis systematically investigates the impact of hydraulic gradient (i) and the hydraulic conductivities of GCL (kgcl) and SB (ksb). The results show the following: (1) Increasing i from 0.1 to 1 reduces the concentration breakthrough ti

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Lemos, Moisés A. C., Camilla T. Baran, André L. B. Cavalcante, and Ennio M. Palmeira. "A Semi-Analytical Model of Contaminant Transport in Barrier Systems with Arbitrary Numbers of Layers." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (2023): 16299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316299.

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In regions with sanitary landfills, unsuitable liner designs can result in significant soil and groundwater contamination, leading to substantial environmental remediation costs. Addressing this challenge, we propose a semi-analytical model for solute transport that uses the advection–dispersion–reaction equation in a multi-layered liner system. A distinctive feature of our model is its ability to account for infiltration velocity, arbitrary numbers of layers, thin layers such as geomembranes, and mass flow. We validated our model against existing published models and applied it to a case stud

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Ozhan, H. O. "Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Enhanced GCLs in Freshwater Reservoirs." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, no. 1 (2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012006.

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Abstract Biopolymers that are environmentally friendly organic products are increasingly used in geotechnical applications instead of synthetic polymers and other chemical additives. Cellulose is a biopolymer that is obtained from the cell walls of plants. In order to evaluate its effect on internal erosion, triaxial permeability tests were performed on a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-enhanced geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) with Ca bentonite that was placed over a coarse gravel with an average grain diameter of 2.5 cm and permeated with tap water. Furthermore, unconfined compression tests were

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Shackelford, C. D., and J. Scalia. "Semipermeable membrane behavior of geosynthetic clay liners." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, no. 1 (2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012009.

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Abstract The focus of this paper is on providing an overview of the results of the nearly 20 years of research related to the discovery, examination, and potential benefits of semipermeable membrane behavior of bentonite-based geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) commonly used as barriers or components of barriers in a variety of hydraulic and chemical containment applications, such as water and chemical retention ponds, tailings and coal ash impoundments, and solid waste landfills. First, the concept of solute restriction underlying semipermeable membrane behavior and the development of a solute-r

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Zeng, Zhenming, Yi Lu, Tong Wan, Shan Lin, Xingzhong Nong, and Jiajun Sun. "Modeling the Salinity Effect on the Water Retention Curve of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) on the Drying Path." Materials 16, no. 15 (2023): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155468.

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The water retention curve (WRC) of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) is influenced by the presence of exchangeable cations in the leachate during changes in water content in a landfill construction. This research aims to investigate the impact of salinity on the WRC of GCL. To measure the WRC of GCL under different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations on the drying path, a chilled-mirror dew-point device capable of controlling the GCL’s volume was employed. Additionally, the dry state microstructure of the GCL was examined using electron microscopy. The test outcomes indicate that GCL hydrated

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Haug, M. D., S. L. Barbour, and Pierre Longval. "Design and construction of a prehydrated sand–bentonite liner to contain brine." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 6 (1988): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-127.

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The containment of brine in shallow ponds is one of the most serious problems facing waste-management engineers today. Brine waste is produced in many mining and processing operations. It is characterized by high salt concentrations which may seriously contaminate groundwater if not successfully contained. However, brine reacts chemically with clays used in liner construction. As brine permeates the liner, physicochemical interactions between the clay and brine lead to a reduction in volume of the liner. This shrinkage may cause cracking of the liner and the creation of a highly fractured perm

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Kommu*, Suresh, and SS Asadi. "Design of Eco-Friendly Geo-Composite Liner for Fly ash Ponds." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 3 (2020): 3517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c8309.018520.

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This paper aims to design of geocomposite liner for fly ash ponds. Our country has many thermal plants, which generates huge amount of flyash as a waste and their disposal require some of the crucial treatment and engineered flyash pond. The problems from coal based thermal plants is disposal of such flyash. In the present research, Clayey soils, Sodium bentonite and black cotton soils used as a liner for fly ash pond, instead of HDPE sheet to reduce the heavy metal contaminants leachate. Recent GCL, HDPE or Geocomposite liners as bottom lining layers are a suggestive solution for preventing t

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Makusa, Gregory P., Sabrina L. Bradshaw, Erin Berns, Craig H. Benson, and Sven Knutsson. "Freeze–thaw cycling concurrent with cation exchange and the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 6 (2014): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0127.

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A study was conducted to assess the effect of cation exchange concurrent with freeze–thaw cycling on the hydraulic conductivity of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). GCLs were prehydrated by contact with silica flour moistened with synthetic subgrade pore water and subsequently permeated with a solution representing the pore water in the cover soil over a tailings facility. Control tests were conducted using the same procedure, except deionized (DI) water was used as the permeant liquid to preclude cation exchange from the permeant liquid. The GCLs were subjected to 1, 3, 5, 15, and 20 freeze–th

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Putra, Doni Prakasa Eka, Rilo Restu Surya Atmaja, Wahyu Wilopo, and Pramono Hadi. "Kajian daya dukung geologi rencana lokasi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir di Desa Botok, Magetan, Jawa Timur." Majalah Geografi Indonesia 35, no. 1 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mgi.60644.

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Abstrak.Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) sampah Milangasri di Kabupaten Magetan telah mencapai daya tampung maksimum. Pemerintah Kabupaten Magetan berencana membangun TPA baru di Desa Botok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian kelayakan daya dukung geologi rencana lokasi TPA baru. Kriteria daya dukung geologi mengacu pada SNI 03-3241-1994 tentang tata cara pemilihan lokasi TPA. Metode penelitian meliputi investigasi lapangan dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Penelitian lapangan meliputi pengamatan kondisi geologi, pemetaan topografi, survei geolistrik, pemboran inti dan uji permeabilitas

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Nambiar, Namitha, Neelancherry Remya, and George K. Varghese. "Effective reuse of waste material as an amendment in composite landfill liner: Assessment of geotechnical properties and pollutant retention capacity." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 2 (2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19886920.

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The effective reuse silica fume (S), a by-product from the silicon manufacturing industry, as an amendment in the composite landfill liner along with natural clay (C) and bentonite (B) was investigated in the present study. Experiments were conducted with various proportions of silica fume (10%–50%) to clay and bentonite to get mixtures C–B–S1 to C–B–S5. The study indicated significant improvement in the geotechnical and pollutant retention capacity by silica fume addition. The maximum dry density of the mixtures ranged from 1.568 to 1.732 g cm-3. Permeability was in the order of C–B<C–B–S1

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Rowe, R. Kerry, and Khaled Abdelatty. "Modeling contaminant transport through composite liner with a hole in the geomembrane." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 7 (2012): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-038.

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Contaminant transport through a single hole in a geomembrane (GM) that forms part of composite liner with a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) for applied heads (0.3 and 1 m) and an applied pressure of about 100 kPa is modeled and compared with experimental results. The system was first permeated with distilled water until a steady state was reached. The permeant was then switched to an NaCl solution. The inferred interface transmissivity at steady state (after 280 days) is about 2.3 × 10−11 m2/s for both heads examined. After 800 days permeation with an 0.14 mol/L NaCl solution, the interface tran

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Ahmad Ridhani Noorfauzi and Rusdiansyah. "The Comparison Study of Soil Permeability Characteristic From Clay - Material Mixing Crays Gilvus (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) and Bentonite as Soil Liner." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 4 (2021): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/65/29.

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The liner has a role as a sealing or waterproof layer that was made to prevent water to be absorbed by the soil. A good liner is made within the minimum hydraulic conductivity (k) within the requirements of 1.0E-07 cm/s. This study was conducted to determine the extent of the difference between hydraulic conductivity (k) bentonite and termite nest (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) as one of the materials that have the potential to obtain the small value of hydraulic conductivity (k). This research was conducted by examining the effect of hydraulic conductivity (k) value on the percentage of additives

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Khalid, N., M. Mukri, N. H. M. Zain, A. N. Zainuddin, and F. Kamarudin. "Prediction model of hydraulic conductivity for sedimentary residual soil mixed bentonite as compacted clay liner." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1347, no. 1 (2024): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012048.

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Abstract This paper describes a development of regression model on predicting the hydraulic conductivity value for sedimentary residual soil mixed bentonite. The data for required parameter for model development was based on the laboratories testing such as compaction testing and hydraulic conductivity testing. The multiple linear regression model (MLR) was selected to develop a hydraulic conductivity model (k-model). The empirical model was developed based on the 45 datasets from experimental studies encompassing range of maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), effective st

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Li, Hao, Jinbang Zhang, and Juan Hou. "Pore Scale Simulation of Rheology Properties on Residence Time of Polymer Hydrogel and Hydraulic Conductivity of Bentonite Polymer Composite Geosynthetic Clay Liners." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (2023): 13052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713052.

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Flow in an idealized bentonite polymer composite geosynthetic clay liner (BPC-GCL) containing bentonite comprising two idealized circular granules was simulated using a COMSOL hydrodynamic model. The effect of the polymer rheology properties, including viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle, on the hydraulic conductivity of BPC-GCLs was investigated. The results showed that the hydraulic conductivity of BPC-GCLs significantly decreased by 2–4 orders of magnitude with polymer loadings of 3.3%, 6.5%, and 9.8% compared to conventional geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). The polymer rheology p

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Shackelford, Charles D. "The ISSMGE Kerry Rowe Lecture: The role of diffusion in environmental geotechnics." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 11 (2014): 1219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0277.

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Diffusion of contaminants can play a significant if not dominant role in many applications encountered within the field of environmental geotechnics. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the important role diffusion plays in such applications. The presentation proceeds from a historical perspective, beginning with the recognition in the late 1970s to early 1980s that diffusion may be an important process in assessing contaminant migration through low-permeability barriers in waste containment applications. Data from the literature and simplified model simulations are used t

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