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Journal articles on the topic 'Bents'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Pantelides, Chris P., Janos Gergely, and Lawrence D. Reaveley. "In-Situ Verification of Rehabilitation and Repair of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Bents under Simulated Seismic Loads." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 3 (August 2001): 507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586186.

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Three in-situ tests were performed on two bents of a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge under quasi-static cyclic loads. The bridge was built in 1963 and did not possess the necessary reinforcement details for ductile performance. The tests included an as-built bent, a bent rehabilitated with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite jackets, and a damaged bent repaired with epoxy injection and carbon FRP composite jackets. Two new concepts of strengthening bridge bents with FRP composites were implemented in this study. The first involves shear strengthening and confinement of a beam cap-column joint through an FRP composite “ankle-wrap.” The second is an FRP composite “U-strap” to improve the anchorage of column longitudinal steel reinforcement extending into the joint. FRP composite jackets were also implemented in the columns and beam cap. An additional rehabilitation measure was that of anchorage of the piles to the pile cap using epoxied high strength steel bars. The performance of the bent in the as-built condition and that of the rehabilitated and repaired bents is described in terms of strength, stiffness, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation.

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2

Miranda, Eduardo, and Vitelmo V. Bertero. "Evaluation of the failure of the Cypress Viaduct in the Loma Prieta earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 81, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 2070–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0810052070.

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Abstract This article describes analytical studies performed to explain the collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct. The modes of failure of four types of bents are described. A strength analysis is presented, which gives estimates of the forces that were necessary to produce the failure of these bents. These estimates are computed based on the observed failure mechanism of each type of bent, on measured mechanical characteristics of the materials, and on simplified structural models. The overstrength of these bents, above the level of forces for which they were designed, is evaluated. Levels of acceleration required to produce the failure are given. From comparison of these levels of accelerations with those resulting from the elastic as well as the inelastic response spectra corresponding to ground motions recorded near the Viaduct, it is concluded that the demanded shear strength was considerably higher than the supplied strength and that bent type B8 was the weakest one and where the failure was probably initiated.

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3

Priestley, M. J. N. "The Whittier Narrows, California Earthquake of October 1, 1987—Damage to the I-5/I-605 Separator." Earthquake Spectra 4, no. 2 (May 1988): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585481.

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The I-5/I-605 separator, a major nine span bridge, was severely damaged in the Whittier earthquakes. All columns of Bent 6, which is supported on the median strip of the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5) suffered shear failures, and the supported spans came close to collapse. Other minor damage included minor column hinging at more flexible bents, abutment pounding, and fracture of keeper plates at abutment rockers. Apparently much of this minor damage occurred during a major aftershock. Preliminary calculations indicate that the shear failures of Bent 6 resulted from disproportionate flexural and shear strengths of the columns, attributable to the working stress philosophy adopted in design, and the much greater stiffness of Bent 6 than adjacent bents. Movement joints with cable restrainers, at both ends of spans founded on Bent 6, make estimation of lateral load transfer from more flexible regions difficult.

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4

Wang, Helsin, Chih-Hsin Hu, Thành Vinh Nguyễn, and Chung-Yue Wang. "Depth Evaluation of Submerged Pile Bents." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 34, no. 1 (February 2020): 06019003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001355.

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5

Yue, Zhang, Zhu Feng, Pei Ran Wang, and Xiang Li. "Experimental Study on the Distribution Coefficient of Horizontal Force Acting on the Wharf Transverse Bents." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1281.

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The force of ship is one of the main loads which High-Piled Wharf bears, the assignation of transverse component on each bent is the precondition of the calculation which simplified the wharf structure into plane bent. The taking value of transverse component on bent influences a lot on the result of structure calculation. Nowadays, the design of High-Piled Wharf uses the value from the distribution coefficient in the Design and Construction Code of High –Piled Wharf. The results show that the distribution coefficient taken in the code is under the precondition that considering the beam is rigid; the relative stiffness of beam and pile can influence this distribution coefficient. Considering the flexibility of the beam, the distribution coefficient of the horizontal concentrated force on transverse bents will change.

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6

Smith, Bryan Stafford, and Mark Cruvellier. "Two-dimensional modelling for the analysis of symmetrical structures that twist." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-010.

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A method of two-dimensional modelling for the analysis of symmetrical structures subjected to eccentric transverse loading is presented. The three-dimensional behaviour of the structure is decomposed into separate translational and twisting behaviour under the respective transverse and torque loadings. A two-dimensional model is formed and analyzed for each mode of behaviour and the results are combined to represent the total behaviour of the structure. The method is suitable for structures consisting of bents parallel to the direction of transverse loading. The bents can be of any type and may vary in their properties over the height. Key words: structural analysis, symmetrical structures, two-dimensional model.

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7

Wipf, Terry J., Michael A. Ritter, and Douglas L. Wood. "Evaluation and Field Load Testing of Timber Railroad Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-34.

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Several spans of a 60-year-old open-deck timber railroad bridge on the Southern Pacific Railroad Line (now the Union Pacific) in Southwest Texas were field tested. The tests were conducted with the sponsorship and cooperation of the Association of American Railroads to determine the vertical live load distribution characteristics of the superstructure. The bridge was originally constructed with Douglas-fir larch solid sawn stringers but was rehabilitated on several occasions to allow comparisons to be made with respect to different rehabilitation options, including the use of a helper stringer and the use of glued laminated timber (glulam) stringers. The test spans measured approximately 4.1 m (13.5 ft) center-to-center of supports and included two closely “packed” chords, each consisting of four timber stringers (one test span included an additional helper stringer added to one chord). One chord was made up of glulam timber and the other was made up of solid sawn timber. The bridge superstructure was generally in satisfactory condition, with some stringer horizontal splitting noted over the bents. The bents were in reasonably good condition, but chord bearing was uneven on bent caps. Static and dynamic deflection load test data were obtained using a special test train. The test results indicate that the glulam chord performed better than the older sawn stringer chord, even when a helper stringer was added. Individual stringers within a chord did not always share the load equally.

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8

Lomiento, G., N. Bonessio, G. Benzoni, D. Phillippi, and G. A. Hegemier. "Capacity Assessment of V-Shaped RC Bridge Bents." Journal of Bridge Engineering 19, no. 2 (February 2014): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000511.

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9

Shama, Ayman A., and John B. Mander. "The seismic performance of braced timber pile bents." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 32, no. 3 (2003): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.236.

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10

Eberhard, Marc O., and M. Lee Marsh. "Lateral-Load Response of Two Reinforced Concrete Bents." Journal of Structural Engineering 123, no. 4 (April 1997): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1997)123:4(461).

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11

Georgoussis, George. "Seismic Analysis of Non-Proportionate Eccentric Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1482.

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A simple procedure is presented for estimating frequencies and the peak values of base resultant forces of eccentric non-proportionate buildings due to earthquake ground motions. Multi-story buildings composed by a number of bents with different stiffness matrices do not belong to the special class of proportionate buildings, which can be analyzed by a simple methodology developed in the past. This paper extends this methodology to all types of medium height buildings and is shown that their maximum response can be derived from the analysis of two single-story modal systems. The accuracy of the proposed method is illustrated in mixed-bent-type example structures and comparisons are made with the accurate results obtained by response spectrum analyses using the SAP2000 computer program.

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12

Shama, Ayman A., John B. Mander, and Stuart S. Chen. "Seismic Investigation of Steel Pile Bents: II. Retrofit and Vulnerability Analysis." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1468250.

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This paper is the second of a two-part study on the seismic vulnerability of deck bridges supported on steel pile bents. A conceptual elastic cap/elasto-plastic steel pile retrofit strategy is proposed in this part with the aim of strengthening the connection and ensuring plastification takes place only in the steel pile. An experimental program was carried out to assess the retrofit strategy. On the basis of the experimental results for existing as well as retrofitted connections, a seismic vulnerability analysis for bridges supported by steel pile bents was performed. Fragility curves for such structures were developed using a simplified fundamental mechanics-based approach. The study showed that the retrofitted connections exhibited superior energy absorptions with respect to the existing connections. Fragility curves also demonstrated the effectiveness of the retrofit strategy proposed.

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13

Aoki, Tetsuhiko, Tatsumasa Takaku, Yuhshi Fukumoto, and K. S. A. Susantha. "Seismic Performance of Bridge Bents with Thickness Tapered Plates." IABSE Symposium Report 92, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137806796185661.

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14

ElGawady, Mohamed A., and Ahmad Sha’lan. "Seismic Behavior of Self-Centering Precast Segmental Bridge Bents." Journal of Bridge Engineering 16, no. 3 (May 2011): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000174.

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15

Halling, Marvin W., Ikhsan Muhammad, and Kevin C. Womack. "Dynamic Field Testing for Condition Assessment of Bridge Bents." Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 2 (February 2001): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:2(161).

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16

PANG, Jason B. K., John F. STANTON, and Marc O. EBERHARD. "Large-Bar Connection for Precast Bridge Bents in Seismic Regions." IABSE Congress Report 17, no. 26 (January 1, 2008): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137908796291912.

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17

Shama, Ayman A., John B. Mander, Blaise A. Blabac, and Stuart S. Chen. "Seismic Investigation of Steel Pile Bents: I. Evaluation of Performance." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1468243.

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The main objective of this study is to assess the seismic vulnerability of a class of highway bridges existing in certain regions of the eastern and central states, where steel H-piles extends out of the soil to support the pier cap. During severe ground motions, the overall performance of the bridge will be governed by the local performance of the pile-to-cap beam connection. The scope of work was divided into several tasks as follows: (1) a theory was developed to predict the performance of the connection under lateral loading; (2) an initial experimental program was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of the steel bents; (3) a retrofit strategy is proposed; (4) a second experimental study was carried out to validate the proposed retrofit method; and (5) fragility curves for such structures were developed. This paper deals with the first two tasks of the study. The other three tasks are the subject of a second companion paper (Shama 2002).

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18

Pang, Jason B. K., Marc O. Eberhard, and John F. Stanton. "Large-Bar Connection for Precast Bridge Bents in Seismic Regions." Journal of Bridge Engineering 15, no. 3 (May 2010): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000081.

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19

Wei, Xiaone, and Michel Bruneau. "Case Study on Applications of Structural Fuses in Bridge Bents." Journal of Bridge Engineering 21, no. 7 (July 2016): 05016004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000854.

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20

Маций, Сергей, Sergey Maciy, and Дарья Лейер. "Research of Interaction of Landslide Soil with Protective Constructions of Support of Platforms." Construction and Architecture 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/341.

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Designing protective structures for trestle bents from deformations caused by landslides faces the problem of proper place- ment of pile elements. For developing effective landslide barriers for every single trestle bent, the calculation scheme is being proposed. It simulates interaction between landslide soil and the piles of straight line protective structure. Calculation scheme carried out using finite-elements method with geotechnical software Plaxis. In the process of analyzing the interaction between landslide’s loamy soil (with low strength characteristics) and single protective structure some of the most distinctive relationships were estimated: graphical characteristics of soil deformation in dependence from pile space and loaded force and also relationships between limited soil displacement as well as landslide pressure and structure’s configuration. The achieved results were compared with the ones from laboratory testing. Effective placement of pile elements in single protective structures was estimated on the basis of complex analyzing.

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21

Avşar, Özgür, Ahmet Yakut, and Alp Caner. "Analytical Fragility Curves for Ordinary Highway Bridges in Turkey." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 971–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3651349.

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This study focuses on the development of analytical fragility curves for the ordinary highway bridges constructed after the 1990s. Four major bridge classes were employed based on skew angle, number of columns per bent, and span number (only multispan bridges). Nonlinear response-history analyses (NRHA) were conducted for each bridge sample using a detailed 3-D analytical model subjected to earthquake ground motions of varying seismic intensities. A component-based approach that uses several engineering demand parameters was employed to determine the seismic response of critical bridge components. Corresponding damage limit states were defined either in terms of member capacities or excessive bearing displacements. Lognormal fragility curves were obtained by curve fitting the point estimates of the probability of exceeding each specified damage limit state for each major bridge class. Bridges with larger skew angles or single-column bents were found to be the most seismically vulnerable.

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22

Baker, George, Tim Ingham, and Dan Heathcote. "Seismic Retrofit of Vincent Thomas Suspension Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1624, no. 1 (January 1998): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1624-08.

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The Vincent Thomas Bridge in Los Angeles, California, is a major suspension bridge with a total length of 1848 m (6,060 ft), including approaches, and a main span bridge 766 m (2,513 ft) long, whose center span is 458 m (1,500 ft). The bridge, built in the 1960s, used the seismic codes of the time. The site conditions and tall, slender towers and bents have resulted in vulnerabilities that are particular to suspended bridges. This paper focuses on the suspended spans. The bridge is located within the Port of Los Angeles in a vicinity that has a legacy of earthworks associated with such projects as dock expansion, fuel lines, and rail lines. Geotechnical conditions include an active fault running between the main towers with a potential for liquefaction, fault rupture, and lateral spreading. A nonlinear time history analysis of the main suspended bridge was performed, using ADINA. The model included the effects of geometric stiffness of the cables and of multiple-support excitation of the bridge. The critical vulnerabilities detected in this study, arising from large predicted longitudinal motions, indicated distress in the towers, in the cable bents near the anchorages, in the short midspan suspenders, and in the stiffening trusses. During the retrofit study the nonlinear behavior was further developed, including tower rocking and uplift, the postyield deformations of the tower, and the optimization of the damper properties. Retrofit measures include releasing of the side-span trusses at the cable bents, creating fused hinges in the stiffening trusses, the installation of dampers at these locations and between the stiffening trusses and the towers of the bridge, stiffening of the bridge towers to prevent plate buckling, and cable and suspender modifications.

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23

Haviarova, Eva, and Carl A. Eckelman. "Knee Braces for Bents Constructed with Round Mortise and Tenon Joints." Forest Products Journal 60, no. 4 (July 2010): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/0015-7473-60.4.395.

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24

Jara, M., J. M. Jara, and B. A. Olmos. "Seismic energy dissipation and local concentration of damage in bridge bents." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 2013): 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2011.615330.

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25

Priestley, M. J. N., and F. Seible. "Performance assessment of damaged bridge bents after the Loma Prieta earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 1 (March 31, 1992): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.1.44-51.

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Following the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, a large number of damaged and undamaged structural concrete bridge structures had to be assessed and evaluated for seismic repair and retrofit. The lack of consistent assessment and evaluation models prompted the formulation of the outlined procedures in a first attempt to develop a comprehensive basis for the seismic assessment and retrofit of existing bridge structures. The presented principles are currently being developed at UCSD into consistent assessment design models in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation.

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26

Georgoussis, George K. "Approximate analysis of symmetrical structures consisting of different types of bents." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 16, no. 3 (September 2007): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.312.

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27

Turner, L. M., and W. D. Erskine. "Morphometry and stratification of the Bents Basin scour pool, Nepean River, NSW." Wetlands Australia 17, no. 1 (January 23, 2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.183.

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28

Zhou, Yu-Long, Qiang Han, Xiu-Li Du, and Zhen-lei Jia. "Shaking Table Tests of Post-Tensioned Rocking Bridge with Double-Column Bents." Journal of Bridge Engineering 24, no. 8 (August 2019): 04019080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001456.

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29

Suarez, Vinicio, and Mervyn J. Kowalsky. "Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Drilled Shaft Bents with Soil-Structure Interaction." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 11, no. 6 (November 7, 2007): 1010–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460701232683.

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30

Jankejech, Peter, Peter Fabian, Jozef Broncek, and Yuriy Shalapko. "Influence of Tempering on Mechanical Properties of Induction Bents below 540°C." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2016-0013.

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Abstract The article describes basic principles of induction bending and the change of mechanical properties from as received (straight) pipe made from HSLA steel to induction bend. The main purpose of this article is to experiment with tempering temperatures below 540°C. After tempering at 540°C which is the lowest recommended temperature for post bend heat treatment (PBHT) according to CSA specifications (Canadian Standards Association) the induction bend area in many cases does not achieve the minimum required mechanical properties and therefore it is not accepted for usage. In this article mechanical properties such as tensile, toughness, hardness are evaluated. Also the article contains microstructural analyses and comparison of bended and heat treated samples.

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31

Tecchio, Giovanni, Marco Dona, and Claudio Modena. "Direct displacement-based design accuracy prediction for single-column RC bridge bents." Earthquakes and Structures 9, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.3.455.

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32

Jeon, Jong-Su, Sujith Mangalathu, and Sang-Youl Lee. "Seismic fragility curves for California concrete bridges with flared two-column bents." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17, no. 7 (April 17, 2019): 4299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00621-4.

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33

Wang, Haicui, Xuhong Zhou, Jiepeng Liu, Xuanding Wang, and Y. Frank Chen. "Seismic behavior of steel tube confined reinforced concrete double-column bridge bents." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 166 (March 2020): 105919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105919.

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34

Fatimah, Is, and Yuyun Yunani Nurkholifah. "Physicochemical and Photocatalytic Properties of Fe-Pillared Bentonite at Various Fe Content." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 11, no. 3 (October 11, 2016): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.456.398-405.

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Iron-pillared bentonites (Fe/Bents) were successfully prepared using a ferric chloride precursor. The prepared samples were characterized using XRD, BET and SEM-EDX. The results show that the pillared bentonite physicochemical character is affected by the iron content in a precursor solution. By Fe content variation it is found that Fe content in Fe/Bents is not linearly correlated with the specific surface area and the increased in d001 in which both the maximum specific surface are and d001 reach maximum at the Fe content of 20 mmol/g. Due to the kinetics of photocatalytic activity in phenol removal, it is concluded that in photo-Fenton-like processes. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved <br /> <em>Received: 29th March 2016; Revised: 30th August 2016; Accepted: 1st September 2016</em> <br /> <strong>How to Cite:</strong> Fatimah, I., Nurkholifah, Y.Y. (2016). Physicochemical and Photocatalytic Properties of Fe-Pillared Bentonite at Various Fe Content. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis</em>, 11 (3): 398-405 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.3.456.398-405) <br /> <strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> <a href="http://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.456.398-405" />http://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.456.398-405</a>

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35

KITAHARA, Yuuichi, Tetsunori MIYOSHI, Masayoshi TAKAHASHI, and Kazuo TAKAHASHI. "A STUDY ON SWING REMOVAL METHOD OF INCLINED BENTS OF THE MEGAMI BRIDGE." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu F 65, no. 1 (2009): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejf.65.84.

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36

Robinson, Brent, Vinicio Suarez, Mohammed A. Gabr, and Mervyn Kowalsky. "Simplified Lateral Analysis of Deep Foundation Supported Bridge Bents: Driven Pile Case Studies." Journal of Bridge Engineering 16, no. 4 (July 2011): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000182.

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37

Pantelides, Chris P., and Gavin Fitzsimmons. "Case Study of Strategies for Seismic Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Multicolumn Bridge Bents." Journal of Bridge Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 2012): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000203.

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38

Montejo, Luis A., Lennie A. González-Román, and Mervyn J. Kowalsky. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Pile/Column Bridge Bents." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 3 (April 2012): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2011.614678.

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39

Fukumoto, Y., T. Takaku, T. Aoki, and K. A. S. Susantha. "Innovative Use of Profiled Steel Plates for Seismic Structural Performance." Advances in Structural Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 2005): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369433054349051.

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This paper presents the innovative use of hot-rolled thickness-tapered mill products, longitudinally profiled (LP) plates, for the seismic performance of bridge bents of single and portal framed piers. The study involves the inelastic cyclic testing and numerical analysis of tested beam-columns and portal frames in order to evaluate the effects of tapering ratios of LP plates, penetration of yielding, and number of locally buckled panels on their structural ductility. A structural design method is proposed for the portal frames having LP panels under cyclic loadings.

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40

Schambeau, Mary E., George E. Ramey, Mary L. Hughes, Junsuk Kang, and James S. Davidson. "Screening Tool to Assess Adequacy of Bridge Timber Pile Bents during Extreme Scour Events." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 19, no. 3 (August 2014): 04014014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000199.

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41

Zatar, W., and H. Mutsuyoshi. "Upgrading of ductility and shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams of highway bridge bents." Bridge Structures 5, no. 2-3 (June 2009): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732480903142534.

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42

Hussin, James, and Curtis Cook. "Fast-Track Installation of Micropiles to Resupport Settled Florida SR-60 Bridge End Bents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2202, no. 1 (January 2010): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2202-06.

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43

Song, S. T., and Y. H. Chai. "Performance assessment of multi-column bents with extended pile-shafts under lateral earthquake loads." IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19373260701620212.

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44

Ramey, George E., Dan A. Brown, Mary L. Hughes, Doug Hughes, and Joslyn Daniels. "Screening Tool to Assess Adequacy of Bridge Pile Bents during Extreme Flood/Scour Events." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 12, no. 2 (May 2007): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2007)12:2(109).

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45

Tamura, Hiroshi, Eiichi Sasaki, Hitoshi Yamada, Hiroshi Katsuchi, and Theeraphong Chanpheng. "Involvements of stress triaxiality in the brittle fracture during earthquakes in steel bridge bents." International Journal of Steel Structures 9, no. 3 (September 2009): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03249498.

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Bazaez, Ramiro, and Peter Dusicka. "Performance assessment of multi-column RC bridge bents seismically retrofitted with buckling-restrained braces." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 2135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0279-3.

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Jafarkarimi, Mohammad, and Mohammad Khanmohammadi. "Improving Seismic Behavior of Existing Multicolumn RC Bridge Bents Using Low-Damage Retrofit Strategy." Journal of Bridge Engineering 26, no. 3 (March 2021): 04021006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001684.

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Dar, Showkat Ahmad. "M.A Muqtedar Khan, Islam and Good Governance: A Political Philosophy of Ihsan." ICR Journal 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v10i2.66.

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The work currently under review, by M. A. Muqtedar Khan, professor at the University of Delware (USA) and expert in Islamic thought, governance and international relations, is a unique addition to the subject area, exploring new dimensions of Islamic political philosophy. A serious, critical evaluation of the subject—theory vis-a-vis practice—Khan challenges the many political understandings held by classical and modern Islamic political thinkers. Human minds (irrespective of their religious bents) have searched through the ages for a world order capable of providing peace and tranquillity to all people. Consequently, a number of political theories have emerged deliberating on the process and structure of governance and government.

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Zając, Marta. "Wizerunek wschodnioeuropejskiego Żyda w literaturze i kulturze. Paradoksy i sprzeczności." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6507.

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In my paper I tackle the issue of the cultural self-image of the East European Jew. I provide a critical analysis of a number of texts, of different kinds and bents – confessional, literary, historical, political – to demonstrate the paradoxes and contradictions of Jewish identity. Noticing the bi-polar paths of Jewish self-interpretation (as exemplified, for instance, by Heschel and Szahak), neither free from the subjective and emotional trends, I argue for the truth closer to those views which acknowledge the religious specificity of the Jewish nation as the chosen people. Regardless of multiple contexts worth considering and at work, the essence of Jewishness dwells in the religious feeling.

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Roy, Nathalie, Patrick Paultre, and Jean Proulx. "Performance-based seismic retrofit of a bridge bent: Design and experimental validation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 3 (March 2010): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-138.

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Changes in the 2005 edition of the National building code of Canada resulted in an increase in earthquake hazard for some regions in Canada. This project studied the impact of this increase on a selected highway bridge. A seismic retrofit scheme, using carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs), was developed and applied to the selected highway bridge bent. The retrofitting technique is based on specific performance criteria under which the retrofitted structure must meet prescribed ductility levels corresponding to selected seismic events, and its design includes a new confinement model for reinforced-concrete columns wrapped with CFRP. Using this performance-based approach, the amount of required composite materials to achieve the specified criteria was found to be much more economical when compared with the ductility requirements in the 2000 edition of the Canadian highway bridge design code. The performance of the retrofitting technique was evaluated by pseudo-dynamic tests carried out on a 1:3 scale model of one of the bridge bents. Using the substructuring approach, the remainder of the structure was modeled, and the bridge bent was subjected to increasing levels of seismic loading, corresponding to various limit states of the bridge. The measured response of the test specimen compared well with the predictions of a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite-element model calibrated with dynamic properties obtained from on-site ambient vibration tests. During the highest intensity test corresponding to a return period of 2500 years for a region of high seismicity, the CFRP retrofit showed no sign of distress, and the strain values measured on the fibers were very low, indicating that the performance-based design procedure is conservative.

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