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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Benzene. Nitration

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Academic literature on the topic 'Benzene. Nitration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Benzene. Nitration"

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Yamato, Takehiko, Koji Tsuchihashi, Noriko Nakamura, Mai Hirahara, and Hirohisa Tsuzuki. "Medium-sized cyclophanes, part 59:1 Nitration of [3.3]- and [3.3.3]metacyclophanes Through-space electronic interactions between two or three benzene rings." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 2 (2002): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-009.

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The two tert-butyl groups of anti-6,15-di-tert-butyl-9,18-dimethoxy[3.3]metacyclophane (anti-4) are both ipso-nitrated even under mild reaction conditions such as copper(II) nitrate in an acetic anhydride solution because of the decreased deactivation of the second aromatic ring by the introduced nitro group. On the other hand, anti-5,13-di-tert-butyl-8,16-dimethoxy[2.2]metacyclophane (anti-1) undergoes replacement of only one tert-butyl group under the same reaction conditions. The higher yields of the twofold ipso-nitration product anti-7 were obtained in nitration of anti-4 with fuming nitr

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Кондратов, Сергей Алексеевич, and Анна Александровна Красильникова. "Modeling continuous adiabatic nitration of benzene." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 6(66) (2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2013.19128.

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You, Kuiyi, Renjie Deng, Jian Jian, Pingle Liu, Qiuhong Ai, and He’an Luo. "H3PW12O40 synergized with MCM-41 for the catalytic nitration of benzene with NO2 to nitrobenzene." RSC Advances 5, no. 89 (2015): 73083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15679c.

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In this work, NO<sub>2</sub> as a nitration agent and the supported HPW/MCM-41 as a synergistic catalyst to replace traditional nitric acid and sulfuric acids were employed to catalyze benzene nitration to nitrobenzene.

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Mane, Vinod, Mahind Lalaso, Shobha Waghmode, K. D. Jadhav, M. K. Dongare, and Sharda P. Dagade. "Nitration of Benzene Using Mixed Oxide Catalysts." IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry 7, no. 7 (2014): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5736-07725057.

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Afonso, Diogo, Alejandro F. G. Ribeiro, Paulo Araújo, Joaquim Vital, and Luis M. Madeira. "Phenol in Mixed Acid Benzene Nitration Systems." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 46 (2018): 15942–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04226.

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Danov, S. M., V. A. Kolesnikov, and A. L. Esipovich. "Kinetics of benzene nitration by nitric acid." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (2010): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427210010337.

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Quadros, Paulo A., Nuno M. C. Oliveira, and Cristina M. S. G. Baptista. "Benzene nitration: validation of heterogeneous reaction models." Chemical Engineering Science 59, no. 22-23 (2004): 5449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.107.

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Shang, Zhenhua, and Yifeng Yu. "1-Bromo-4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (2007): o4266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807048180.

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The title compound, C7H3BrNO2, was synthesized by the nitration of 1-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene. In the crystal structure, there are three independent molecules, one of which lies on a crystallographic mirror plane.

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Yamato, Takehiko, Hideo Kamimura, and Hirohisa Tsuzuki. "ipso-Nitration of tert-butyl[n.2]metacyclophanes; through-space electronic interactions between two benzene rings." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 7 (1998): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-111.

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The selective introduction of one or two nitro groups by direct replacement of tert-butyl groups via the ipso aromatic nitration of the meta-bridged aromatic compounds having two arene rings is described. The ipso-nitration at the tert-butyl groups of syn- and anti-di-tert-butyl-dimethoxy[n.2]metacyclophanes 1 is attributed to the highly activated character of the aryl ring and the increased stabilization of a σ-complex intermediate arising from the dienone-type σ-complex intermediate possible in the case of an internally methoxy substituent. However, only one tert-butyl group is ipso-nitrated

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Peterson, John R., Hoang D. Do, and Andrew J. Dunham. "Cerium(IV)-induced nitration of cinnamic acids. Novel remote electrophilic substitution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 7 (1988): 1670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-271.

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The treatment of (E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid with ceric ammonium nitrate in trifluoroacetic acid afforded (E)-1,2-dimethoxy-4-nitro-5-(2-nitroethenyl)benzene in 79% yield. The unusual ipso substitution of the carboxylic acid moiety by a nitro functional center illustrated a new reaction manifold of cerium(IV). Six cinnamic acids were examined to ascertain the generality of the transformation. The bidentate nitrato structure of the metal salt is believed to account for the nitrating ability of this system.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Benzene. Nitration"

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Bertea, Leopold E. "Catalytic vapour-phase nitration of benzene over zeolites /." [S.l.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10258.

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Voisin, Laurent. "Nitration du mononitrochlorotertiobutylbenzene en reacteurs diphasiques liquide-liquide." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0102.

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Hochstrasser, Patrick. "Procédé continu de nitration du benzène avec distillation azéotropique du mélange réactionnel /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=571.

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Moreno, Fabio Netto. "Avaliação experimental do potencial do chorão (Salix babylonica - Linnaeus) na fitorremediação de aquíferos contaminados por nitratos, etanol e benzeno /." Florianópolis, SC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77999.

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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T09:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T00:02:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 143075.pdf: 20454903 bytes, checksum: 25bf7d2f3900a7a26ee8127badb373ef (MD5)

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Yan, Chun-ming, and 顏俊明. "The assessment of a Novel Nitration of Benzene and Toluene." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81186803109090519097.

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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>環境與安全衛生工程所<br>90<br>ABSTRACT Nitroaromatic compounds are widely used as the feedstocks for a great many materials, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, perfumes and plastics. Since the conventional nitration processes that occur in the mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids are highly dangerous and produce excess waste acids difficult to recover, it is ideal to find alternative processes. Recently a few studies show that acetyl nitrate prepared from a stoichiometric quantity of nitric acid and acetic anhydride was an effective nitration agent and used zeolite CP-81

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Silva, Joana Miguel Coutinho Gomes da. "Biodegradação Anaeróbia de Biodiesel em Condições Redutivas de Nitrato e Impactes na Biodegradação do Benzeno e Tolueno." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88875.

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Silva, Joana Miguel Coutinho Gomes da. "Biodegradação Anaeróbia de Biodiesel em Condições Redutivas de Nitrato e Impactes na Biodegradação do Benzeno e Tolueno." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88875.

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Book chapters on the topic "Benzene. Nitration"

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Costa, Tiago J. G., Anabela G. Nogueira, Dulce C. M. Silva, Alejandro F. G. Ribeiro, and Cristina M. S. G. Baptista. "Nitrophenolic By-Products Quantification in the Continuous Benzene Nitration Process." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1155.ch004.

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Bertea, L. E., H. W. Kouwenhoven, and R. Prins. "Vapour-Phase Nitration of Benzene over Zeolitic Catalysts." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63757-x.

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OLAH, GEORGE A., HENRY C. LIN, JUDITH A. OLAH, and SUBHASH C. NARANG. "Electrophilic and free radical nitration of benzene and toluene with various nitrating agents." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791405_0190.

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Bertea, Leopold E., Herman W. Kouwenhoven, and Roel Prins. "Catalytic vapour-phase nitration of benzene over modified Y zeolites: influence of catalyst treatment." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63373-x.

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Brei, V. V., O. V. Melezhyk, S. V. Prudius, M. M. Levchuk, and K. I. Patrylak. "Superacid WOx/ZrO2 catalysts for isomerization of n-hexane and for nitration of benzene." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80679-5.

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6

Olah, George A., Subhash C. Narang, Ripudaman Malhotra, and Judith A. Olah. "Superacid-Catalyzed Transfer Nitration of Benzene, Toluene, and Mesitylene with 9-Nitroanthracene and Pentamethylnitrobenzene: Evidence for the Reversibility of Electrophilic Aromatic Nitration in Specific Cases." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791405_0187.

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7

Olah, George A., and Henry C. Lin. "Aromatic Substitution. XXXV: Boron Trifluoride Catalyzed Nitration of Benzene, Alkylbenzenes, and Halobenzenes with Methyl Nitrate in Nitromethane Solution." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791405_0185.

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8

Atkins, Peter. "Electronic Warfare: Electrophilic Substitution." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0021.

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Benzene, 1, is a hard nut to crack. The hexagonal ring of carbon atoms each with one hydrogen atom attached has a much greater stability than its electronic structure, with an alternation of double and single carbon–carbon bonds, might suggest. But for reasons fully understood by chemists, that very alternation, corresponding to a continuous stabilizing cloud of electrons all around the ring, endows the hexagon with great stability and the ring persists unchanged through many reactions. The groups of atoms attached to the ring, though, may come and go, and the reaction type responsible for replacing them is commonly ‘electrophilic substitution’. Whereas the missiles of Reaction 15 sniff out nuclei by responding to their positive electric charge shining through depleted regions of electron clouds, electrophiles, electron lovers, are missiles that do the opposite. They sniff out the denser regions of electron clouds by responding to their negative charge. Let’s suppose you want to make, for purposes you are perhaps unwilling to reveal, some TNT; the initials denote trinitrotoluene. You could start with the common material toluene, which is a benzene ring with a methyl group (–CH3) in place of one H atom, 2. Your task is to replace three of the remaining ring H atoms with nitro groups, –NO2, to achieve 3. And not just any of the H atoms: you need the molecule to have a symmetrical array of these groups because other arrangements are less stable and therefore dangerous. It is known that a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids contains the species called the ‘nitronium ion’, NO2+, 4, and this is the reagent you will use. Before we watch the reaction itself, it is instructive to see what happens when concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid are mixed. If we stand, suitably protected, in the mixture, we see a sulfuric acid molecule, H2SO4, thrust a proton onto a neighbouring nitric acid molecule, HNO3. (Funnily enough, according to the discussion in Reaction 2, nitric ‘acid’ is now acting as a base, a proton acceptor! I warned you of strange fish in deep waters.) The initial outcome of this transfer is unstable; it spits out an H2O molecule which wanders off into the crowd. We see the result: the formation of a nitronium ion, the agent of nitration and the species that carries out the reaction for you.

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Taber, Douglass F. "Substituted Benzenes: The Subba Reddy Synthesis of 7-Desmethoxyfusarentin." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0064.

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Andrey P. A ntonchick of the Max-Planck-Institut Dortmund devised (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5518) a protocol for the direct amination of an arene 1 to give the amide 3. Douglass A. Klumpp of Northern University showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 4779) that under strong acid conditions, an arene 4 could be carboxylated to give the amide 6. Eiji Tayama of Niigata University coupled (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 5159) an arene 7 with the α-diazo ester 8 to give 9. Guy C. Lloyd-Jones and Christopher A. Russell of the University of Bristol activated (Science 2012, 337, 1644) the aryl silane 11 to give an intermediate that coupled with the arene 10 to give 12. Ram A. Vishwakarma and Sandip P. Bharate of the Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine effected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 5958) ipso nitration of an areneboronic acid 13 to give 14. Stephen L. Buchwald of MIT coupled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 11132) sodium isocyanate with the aryl chloride 15 (aryl triflates also worked well) to give the isocyanate 16, which could be coupled with phenol to give the carbamate or carried onto the unsymmetrical urea. Zhengwu Shen of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine used (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3644) ethyl cyanoacetate 18 as the donor for the conversion of the aryl bromide 17 to the nitrile 19. Kuo Chu Hwang of the National Tsig Hua University showed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 3421) that under the stimulation of blue LED light the Castro-Stephens coupling of 20 with 21 proceeded efficiently at room temperature. Lutz Ackermann of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen employed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 4210) a Ru catalyst to oxidize the amide 23 to the phenol 24. Both Professor Ackermann (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6206) and Guangbin Dong of the University of Texas (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 13075) described related work on the ortho hydroxylation of aryl ketones. George A. Kraus of Iowa State University rearranged (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 7072) the aryl benzyl ether 25 to the phenol 26. The synthetic utility of the triazene 27 was demonstrated (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 7242) by Yong Huang of the Shenzen Graduate School of Peking University.

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Conference papers on the topic "Benzene. Nitration"

1

Cangussu, Arthur Henrique Magela, and Leonardo Baptista. "Estudo teórico da nitração de anéis aromáticos em fase gasosa." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202013.

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Nitro-aromatics compounds are more toxic and cancerous than their aromatics parents. Unfortunately, these compounds were identified in Diesel engines emissions and in particulate matter collected in urban areas. By these reasons, the present project aims to investigate the gas phase mechanism of the aromatic nitration following two proposals found in the literature. The proposed mechanisms have been studied by methods based on density functional theory: M06-2X, B3LYP and B2PLYP. Further, the electronic energy of all molecules that take part in the mechanism has been corrected by CCSD(T) method

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