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Journal articles on the topic 'Benzimidazole; 1'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Krishnamurthy, Naik, and Narashimaiah Shashikala. "Synthesis of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes with 2-monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, no. 10 (2009): 1085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0910085k.

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The reaction of the polymeric carbonyl complex [RuCl2(CO)2]x with 2-monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles and 1,4-bis(benzimidazol- 2-yl)benzene (L9) in 2-methoxyethanol produces various coloured complexes of the formulae [Ru(CO)2Cl2(L)2]?xH2O (L = 1-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L1), 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L4), 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L5), 1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-2-p-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole (L7), 1-[1-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-2-[1-(dimethylamino) phenyl]benzimidazole (L10), x = 0; L = 2-benzylbenzimidazole (L8), 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)

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2

Al-Warhi, Tarfah, Mohamed Said, Mahmoud El Hassab, et al. "Unexpected Synthesis, Single-Crystal X-ray Structure, Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies of Certain 2–((Imidazole/Benzimidazol–2–yl)thio)–1–arylethanones." Crystals 10, no. 6 (2020): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060446.

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In connection with our research program concerning development of novel effective benzimidazole-based anticancer candidates, herein we describe a new unexpected synthetic route to obtain a series of 2–((imidazole/benzimidazol2–yl)thio)1–arylethanones endowed with promising anti-breast cancer and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitory activities. Contrary to expectations, products for the reaction of 2–mercaptoimidazole/benzimidazole 2a,b with β–keto esters 6a–c were unambiguously assigned as 2–((imidazol/benzimidazol2–yl)thio)1–arylethanones 10a–f based on NMR spectroscopy and single-crys

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3

Külen, Seda, and Sebla Dincer. "Evaluation of the effects of some benzimidazole derivatives on germination parameters of wheat varieties." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 69, no. 2 (2024): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2402121k.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of some benzimidazole derivatives on the germination parameters of bread and durum wheat varieties. These derivatives contain both unsubstituted and substituted benzimidazole structures to determine the effect of the substituents on germination. Three different durum wheat varieties (?e?it-1252, Eminbey, and K?z?ltan-91) and three different bread wheat varieties (Demir 2000, Bayraktar 2000, and Tosunbey) were used in the study. First, 1H-benzimidazole (1) and 5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole (2) compounds were used to synthesize dinitro compounds (5,6-dnitro-1

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4

Geiger, H. Cristina, Patricia L. Zick, William R. Roberts, and David K. Geiger. "Synthesis and characterization of a novel long-alkyl-chain ester-substituted benzimidazole gelator and its octan-1-ol solvate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 4 (2017): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617004314.

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The synthesis of a novel benzimidazole derivative with a long-chain-ester substituent, namely methyl 8-[4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]octanoate, (3), is reported. Ester (3) shows evidence of aggregation in solution and weak gelation ability with toluene. The octan-1-ol solvate, methyl 8-[4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]octanoate octan-1-ol monosolvate, C22H26N2O3·C8H18O, (4), exhibits a four-molecule hydrogen-bonded motif in the solid state, with N—H...O hydrogen bonds between benzimidazole molecules and O—H...N hydrogen bonds between the octan-1-ol solvent molecules and the benzimidazole un

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5

Zaderenko, P., M. S. Gil, P. López, P. Ballesteros, I. Fonseca, and A. Albert. "Diethyl 2-Benzimidazol-1-ylsuccinate–Picric Acid (1/1) – An Inclusion Molecular Complex." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 6 (1997): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197008562.

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The crystal structure of the diethyl 2-benzimidazol-1-ylsuccinate–picric acid (1/1) molecular complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Diethyl 2-benzimidazol-l-ylsuccinate molecules form channels along the a axis, in which the picric acid molecules are located. The benzimidazole moiety and the phenol group are held together by hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen of the phenol and the N3 atom of benzimidazole. Additionally, this hydrogen forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with one O atom of the ortho-nitro group, thus producing a bifurcated hydrogen bond. 1H NMR spectra i

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6

Nardi, Monica, Sonia Bonacci, Natividad Herrera Cano, Manuela Oliverio, and Antonio Procopio. "The Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Using Microwave Irradiation." Molecules 27, no. 5 (2022): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051751.

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The benzimidazole ring of the heterocyclic pharmacophores is one of the most widespread and studied systems in nature. The benzimidazole derivative synthesis study is a crucial point for the development of a clinically available benzimidazole-based drug. Here, we report a simple microwave assisted method for the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. The combination of the molar ratio of N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine:benzaldehyde (1:1) using microwave irradiation and only 1% mol of Er(OTf)3 provides an efficient and environmental mild access to a diversity of benzimidazoles under solvent

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7

Poddar, Saikat Kumar, Nazmus Saqueeb, and SM Abdur Rahman. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-methyl-1Hbenzimidazole and 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-methanol." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2016): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v15i1.29201.

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Two benzimidazole derivatives namely 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (1) and 1H-benzimidazol-2- ylmethanol (2) were synthesized in high yields by condensing O-phenylenediamine with two different carboxylic acid derivatives: glacial acetic acid and glycolic acid, following a different synthetic protocol. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among the two benzimidazole derivatives synthesized, 2-methyl-1Hbenzimidazole (1) showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 144.84?g/ml whereas 1H-benzimidazol- 2-ylmethanol (2) displayed mild antioxidant activity (IC50 value 400.42

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8

Cikalov, V., V. Cikalova, A. Poddubov, and U. Guseynova. "SYNTHESIS AND POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ANALOGUES OF THE DIBAZOL." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 10, no. 3 (2024): 334–40. https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-1725-2024-10-3-334-340.

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The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives, similar to dibazole, was carried out using two methods. According to the first, 1, 2-Phenylenediamine condensed with excess quantity of 2-chlorophenylacetic acid in the presence of orthoboric acid at a temperature of 150 °C. After treatment and crystallization, the yield of 2-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazole was 36 %. In the second method, 1, 2-phenylenediamine was reacted with an excess of phenoxyacetic acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid in the presence of orthoboric acid in an o-xylene solvent at boiling point. Thus, 2-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazole

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9

Dölling, Wolfgang, Helmut Hartungb, and Matthias Biedermann. "Reaktionen von 2-Methyl-1H-benzimidazol mit Schwefelkohlenstoff und Phenylisothiocyanat. Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 1,1′ -Carbonothioyl-bis(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol) und 2-Methyl-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethylthio-phenylimino)-1H-benzimidazol / Reactions of 2-Methyl-1 H-benzimidazole with Carbon Disulfide and Phenyl Isothiocyanate. Molecular and Crystal Structures of 1,1′-Carbonothioyl-bis(2-methyl-1 H-benzimidazole) and 2-Methyl-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethylthio-phenylimino)-1 H-benzimidazole." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 5 (1995): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0525.

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Abstract 2-Methyl-1 H-benzimidazole 1 reacts in the presence of two equivalents of sodium hydride in dry DMSO with carbon disulfide to methyl 2-methylbenzimidazole-1-dithiocarboxylate 3 using methyl iodide as alkylating agent, whereas using 1,2-dibromoethane 1,1′-carbonothioyl bis(2-methyl-1 H-benzimidazole) 5 is formed. Compound 1 reacts with phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of one equivalent of sodium hydride in dry DMF after alkylation to 2-methyl-1-( alkylthio-phenylimino)-1 H-benzimidazoles 6a, 6b. Reaction products 5 and 6b have been identified and structurally characterized by X-ra

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10

Sawant, Ramesh, and Deepali Kawade. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives as potential anthelmintic agents." Acta Pharmaceutica 61, no. 3 (2011): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-011-0029-z.

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives as potential anthelmintic agentsThe present study describes synthesis of a series of 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives and their evaluation for anthelmintic activity using Indian adult earthworms,Pheretima posthuma.The structure of the title compounds was elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. The compounds 4-({[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}amino) benzoic acid (3a),N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c),N-benzyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophen

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11

Andric, Deana, Gordana Tovilovic, Goran Roglic, et al. "Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of several N-(2-nitrophenyl) piperazine derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 5 (2007): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0705429a.

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Six newly synthesized heterocyclic (2-nitrophenyl)piperazines, with a specific structure of the heteroaryl group, whichmimics the catechol moiety of dopamine (benzimidazoles and substituted benzimidazoles), were evaluated for their binding affinity to rat dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and _1 receptors. All compounds with a benzimidazole group had a 5-HT2A/D2 receptors binding ratio characteristic for atypical neuroleptics (>1, pK i values). Compound 7c, 4-bromo-6-{2-_4-(2-nitrophenyl)piperazin- 1-yl_ethyl}-1H-benzimidazole, expressed higher affinities for all receptor classes than clozapi

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12

Hsieh, Ko, Chang, et al. "Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183259.

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Numerous reports have shown that conjugated benzimidazole derivatives possess various kinds of biological activities, including anticancer properties. In this report, we designed and synthesized 24 new molecules comprising a benzimidazole ring, arene, and alkyl chain-bearing cyclic moieties. The results showed that the N-substituted benzimidazole derivatives bearing an alkyl chain and a nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered ring enhanced the cytotoxic effects on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cell lines. Among the 24 synthesized compounds, (2E)-1-(1-(3

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13

Long, Austin R., Lily C. Hsieh, Marsha S. Malbrough, Charles R. Short, and Steven A. Barker. "Multiresidue Method for Isolation and Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Seven Benzimidazole Anthelmintics in Milk." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 5 (1989): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.5.739.

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Abstract A multiresidue method for the isolation and liquid chromatographic determination of 7 benzimidazole anthelmintics (thiabendazole, oxfendazole, para-hydroxyfenbendazole, fenbendazole sulfone, mebendazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole) in milk is presented. Blank or benzimidazole-spiked milk samples (0.5 mL) were blended with octadecylsilyl (C-18, 18% load, end-capped) derivatized silica packing material. A column made from the C-18/milk matrix was first washed with hexane (8 mL), and then the benzimidazoles were eluted with methylene chloride-ethyl acetate (1 + 2, v/v; 8 mL). The elua

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14

Veerasamy, Ravichandran, Anitha Roy, Rohini Karunakaran, and Harish Rajak. "Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis of Benzimidazoles as Emerging Anti-Inflammatory Agents: An Overview." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 7 (2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070663.

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A significant number of the anti-inflammatory drugs currently in use are becoming obsolete. These are exceptionally hazardous for long-term use because of their possible unfavourable impacts. Subsequently, in the ebb-and-flow decade, analysts and researchers are engaged in developing new anti-inflammatory drugs, and many such agents are in the later phases of clinical trials. Molecules with heterocyclic nuclei are similar to various natural antecedents, thus acquiring immense consideration from scientific experts and researchers. The arguably most adaptable heterocyclic cores are benzimidazole

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15

Arnautova, Aleksandra O., Irina A. Aleksakhina, Ekaterina A. Zorina, et al. "New Benzimidazole 3′-Deoxynucleosides: Synthesis and Antiherpes Virus Properties." Biomolecules 15, no. 7 (2025): 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15070922.

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A series of new 3′-deoxyribosides of substituted benzimidazoles was obtained by the chemo-enzymatic method using genetically engineered E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). In the case of asymmetrically substituted benzimidazole derivatives, a mixture of N1- and N3-regioisomers was formed (confirmed by NMR). The antiviral activity of the obtained compounds against herpes simplex virus 1 of reference strain L2 and a strain deeply resistant to acyclovir in Vero E6 cell culture was studied. 4,6-Difluoro-1-(β-D-3′-deoxyribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (IC50 = 250.92 µM, SI = 12.00) and 4,5,6-

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16

Rohit, Jaysing Bhor*, Namdeo Kharde Shekhar, Pandurang Shinde Nayan, Pawar Sonali, and Shantinath Vikhe Shrutika. "SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF {3-[2-(5,6-DICHLORO-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-2-OXOETHYL] PHENYL}ACETIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 2, no. 6 (2023): 243–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10929696.

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Introduction: The 6-membered benzene bonded to the five-membered imidazole molecule is the primary structural member of the benzimidazole group of heterocyclic, aromatic chemicals. The utilisation of substances with benzimidazole motifs in pharmaceutical and scientific research has showed potential. The goal of the study was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of synthetic compounds. For its anthelmintic characteristics, of AD derivatives were studied. This study set out to assess the pharmacological potency of synthesised drugs. The primary goal of this study is to create biodegradable be

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17

Bai, Song, Miaohe Zhang, Shouying Tang, et al. "Research Progress on Benzimidazole Fungicides: A Review." Molecules 29, no. 6 (2024): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061218.

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Benzimidazole fungicides are a class of highly effective, low-toxicity, systemic broad-spectrum fungicides developed in the 1960s and 1970s, based on the fungicidal activity of the benzimidazole ring structure. They exhibit biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. Due to their particularly outstanding antibacterial properties, they are widely used in agriculture to prevent and control various plant diseases caused by fungi. The main products of benzimidazole fungicides include benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, albendazole, thiophanate, thiophanat

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18

Fomicheva, Elena Mikhaylovna, and Luiza Il'inichna Savina. "ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES ANDTHEIR EFFECT ON FRESHWATER CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA RICHARD, 1894." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2024-1-148-161.

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Recently, due to active development of the pharmaceutical industry, an acute problem of environmental pollution with synthetic biologically active compounds has arisen. Benzimidazole is one of the most common pharmacophores in drugs. Substances containing even trace amount of benzimidazole can have a toxic effect on living systems. Moreover, they are not included in metabolic processes and do not decompose for a long time. Assessing the toxicity of benzimidazole derivatives, its stability in the aquatic environment, and the effect of benzimidazoles on biological parameters will make it possibl

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19

Borovskoy, Valery A., Sergey A. Komykhov, Vladimir I. Musatov, Svetlana V. Shishkina, Oleg V. Shishkin, and Sergey M. Desenko. "Unusual reaction of 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazole with chalcones: Synthesis of new aryl-substituted pyrrolines." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 9 (2009): 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009018.

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The reaction of 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazole (1) with chalcones 2a–2e leads to formation of 3,5-diaryl-2-benzimidazol-2-yl-4,5-dihydropyrroles 3a–3e. The trans orientation of benzimidazol-2-yl and 3-aryl substituents in 3a–3e was established by X-ray analysis of 3e.

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20

S, Jubie, Gayathri R, Srividya A.R., et al. "New Benzimidazolo Indane-1, 3-Dione Derivatives: Synthesis and In-vitro Screening Against Helminthic Infections." International Journal of Drug Design and Discovery 2, no. 2 (2024): 506–9. https://doi.org/10.37285/ijddd.2.2.10.

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Novel benzimidazolo indane-1, 3-dione derivatives were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectral analysis. Biological screening of synthesized compounds allowed the identification of some novel anthelmintic agents bearing indane-1, 3-dione and benzimidazole scaffolds. Some of these compounds exhibited promising anthelmintic activities.

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21

Begunov, Roman S., and Alexandr A. Sokolov. "SYNTHESIS AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 1-(AMINOARYL)BENZIMIDAZOLES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 9 (2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206309.6230.

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As a result of two-stage synthesis, a number of 1-(aminoaryl)benzimidazoles, potential biologically active substances, were obtained. During the first stage, an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, 2-R-benzimidazoles reacted with halogen-nitroarenes. The process proceeded under mild conditions, this indicates a good nucleophilic properties of benzimidazole. It has been shown that during reduction, depending on the structure of 1-(nitroaryl)benzimidazoles in an acidic medium, in addition to the main process, acid-catalyzed isomerization can occur. Rearrangement was observed during the r

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22

Stibrany, Robert T., and Joseph A. Potenza. "rac-Dichlorido[3-ethoxy-3-(1-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole]copper(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 2 (2013): m92—m93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812051641.

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The title complex, [CuCl2(C21H22N4O)], contains a bis(benzimidazole) unit with a chiral bridgehead C atom that forms part of a tetrahydropyrrole ring fused to one of the benzimidazoles. The chelate angle is 90.45 (9)° and the dihedral angle between the essentially planar benzimidazole fragments is 26.68 (9)°. The CuIIcoordination geometry lies approximately midway between tetrahedral and square planar. Overall, each chiral molecule contains six fused rings, and a racemic mixture is formed with symmetry-related enantiomers. In the crystal, C—H...π and C—H...Cl interactions link molecules into a

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23

Kayukova, L. A., A. V. Vologzhanina, A. Yerlanuly та A. M. Duisenali. "THE BASE PRESENCE AT THE ALKYLSULFOCHLORINATION OF β-AMINOPROPIOAMIDOXIMES IN CHLOROFORM AND WATER". Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 86, № 2 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2024-2.2710-1185.19.

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We have studied the regioselectivity of alkylsulfochlorination of β-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)- and β-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-propioamidoximes using AlkSO2Cl under two conditions: (i) in chloroform in the presence of tributylamine (Bu3N) as a base at room temperature (r.t.); (ii) in water and acetone (4:1) without Bu3N at r.t. The reaction under the conditions (i) leads to the return of the original amidoximes, the formation of 2-amino-8-phenyl-1,5,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ene-5-ammonium chloride and β-(benzimidazole-1-yl)propioamidoxime hydrochloride. When alkylsulfochlorination occurs under conditi

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Wei, Tai-Bao, Yan-Yun Lu, Cheng Cao, Hong Yao, and You-Ming Zhang. "1-[2,2-Bis(1,3-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-bromopropyl]-1,3-benzimidazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 7 (2011): o1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811023464.

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A., K. SINHA, URMILA KUMARI (Mrs.), P. SINGH C., and K. MISHRA L. "Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes with Imidazole, Benzimidazole and Substituted Benzimidazoles." Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 67, Dec 1990 (1990): 985–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6275154.

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Department of Chemistry. Patna University. Patna-800 005 <em>Manuscript received 1 November 1989, revised 15 October 1990, accepted 6 November 1990</em> Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes with Imidazole, Benzimidazole and Substituted Benzimidazoles

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Ma, Qing Yu, Rui Fang Guan, and Guo Zhong Li. "Two Novel Tetrahedrally Silicon-Based Benzimidazole Derivatives: Potentials as Blue Emitters for OLEDs." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.206.

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Two novel silicon-centered benzimidazole derivatives, Bis(4-(benzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl) dimethylsilane (1) and Bis(3-(benzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)dimethylsilane (2) have been synthesized and determined by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. These compounds have high thermal stability and are fluorescent with emission in the region of violet to blue, which could be potentially applied as blue emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) display.

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Vitale, A., D. Aiello, I. Castello, and G. Polizzi. "First Report of Benzimidazole-Resistant Isolates of Cylindrocladium scoparium in Europe." Plant Disease 93, no. 1 (2009): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-1-0110a.

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Cylindrocladium scoparium Morg. (teleomorph Calonectria morganii Crous, Alfenas & M.J. Wingf.) was detected for the first time in Sicilian ornamental nurseries in 2005 and was responsible for damping-off and leaf spot of mastic tree seedlings (4). In Sicily, C. scoparium has caused extensive losses, and chemical control measures for the disease were necessary, especially in young plants. The benzimidazoles, including the thiophanates, which are transformed to benzimidazoles, are effective at relatively low doses for the inhibition of different species of Cylindrocladium (2). However, in a

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Geiger, David K., H. Cristina Geiger та Jared M. Deck. "Structure determination of three furan-substituted benzimidazoles and calculation of π–π and C—H...π interaction energies". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, № 12 (2014): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205322961402405x.

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The synthesis and structural characterization of 2-(furan-2-yl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole [C16H12N2O2, (I)], 2-(furan-2-yl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium chloride monohydrate [C16H13N2O2+·Cl−·H2O, (II)] and the hydrobromide salt 5,6-dimethyl-2-(furan-2-yl)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium bromide [C18H17N2O2+·Br−, (III)] are described. Benzimidazole (I) displays two sets of aromatic interactions, each of which involves pairs of molecules in a head-to-tail arrangement. The first, denoted set (Ia), exhibits both intermolecular C—H...π interactions between the 2

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Francesconi, Valeria, Elena Cichero, Silvia Schenone, Lieve Naesens, and Michele Tonelli. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses." Molecules 25, no. 7 (2020): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071487.

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Respiratory RNA viruses are responsible for recurrent acute respiratory illnesses that still represent a major medical need. Previously we developed a large variety of benzimidazole derivatives able to inhibit these viruses. Herein, two series of (thio)semicarbazone- and hydrazone-based benzimidazoles have been explored, by derivatizing 5-acetyl benzimidazoles previously reported by us, thereby evaluating the influence of the modification on the antiviral activity. Compounds 6, 8, 16 and 17, bearing the 5-(thio)semicarbazone and 5-hydrazone functionalities in combination with the 2-benzyl ring

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Martin, RF, M. Pardee, DP Kelly, and POL Mack. "Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Iodo-4-[5′-(4'″-Methylpiperazin-1'″-yl)-2′,5′-bi-1h-Benzimidazol-2 ′-Yl]Phenol (iodoHoechst 33258) and 2,5-Disubstituted Benzimidazole Model Compounds." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 2 (1986): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860373.

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The product of iodination of the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33258,4-[5′- (4′′′-methylpiperazin-1′′′-yl)-2′,5′-bi-1H-benzimidazol-2′-yl]phenol (1), has been identified as the monoiodo derivative, i.e. 2-iodo-4-[5′- (4′′′-methylpiperazin-1′′′-yl)-2′,5′-bi-1H-benzimidazol-2′-yl]phenol (2), by mass spectrometry and by comparison of the 1H and 13C n.m.r . spectra of (1) and (2) with those of 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazole model compounds (3) and (4).

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31

Singh, Namrata, Annamalai Pandurangan, Kavita Rana, Preeti Anand, Arsad Ahamad, and Amit Kumar Tiwari. "Benzimidazole: A short review of their antimicrobial activities." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 1, no. 5 (2012): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i5.10284.

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Benzimidazole is the heterocyclic compound formed from benzene and imidazole ring containing nitrogen, oxygen sulphor and its derivatives are of wide interest because of their diverse biological activity and clinical applications, they are remarkably effective compounds both with respect to their inhibitory activity and their favourable selectivity ratio. Reported nucleus is a constituent of vitamin-B12. Benzimidazoles are regarded as a promising class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a range of biological activities like anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer a

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32

K., Ramaiah, S. Grossert J, L. Hooper D., K. Dubey P., and Ramanatham J. "Studies on synthesis of 2-acetylbenzimidazole and related benzimidazole derivatives." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, Mar 1999 (1999): 140–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5853398.

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Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, J. N. T. University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500 072, India Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., B3H 4J3, Canada <em>Munuscript received 10 February 1998, revised 7 August 1998, accepted 18 November 1998</em> Condensation of a-phenylenediamine (1) with propanoic acid under Phillips' conditions gives 2-ethylbenzimidazole (2). Attempts to oxidise 2 to 2-acetylbenzimidazolc (3) using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, SeO<sub>2</sub>, KMnO<sub>4</sub> acetonc were unsuccessful. Condensation of 2 with benzaldehyde yields 2-(

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33

Sarnit, E., V. Cikalov, A. Poddubov, and D. Peroshkova. "SYNTHESIS AND PREDICTED ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS ACTIVITY OF DERIVATIVES OF (2-METHYL-1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-1-YL)ETHANOIC AND (5,6-DIMETHYL-1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-1-YL)ETHANOIC ACIDS." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2025): 310–20. https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-1725-2025-11-1-310-320.

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In this work, hydrazides, salicylidenehydrazones and 1,2,4-triazoles (2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethanoic and (5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethanoic acids were synthesized and studied. It was shown that standard methods for the synthesis of hydrazides, acylhydrazones and triazoles are also applicable to benzimidazole derivatives. The conversion of hydrazides to salicylidene hydrazones and 1,2,4-triazoles leads to an increase in the stability of the compounds, since. Storing hydrazides of these acids in air leads to their slow oxidation. A prediction was made of the potential biological

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34

N. Al-Mohammed, Nassir, Yatimah Alias, Zanariah Abdullah, and Hamid Khaledi. "1-Tosyl-2-[(1-tosyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]-1H-benzimidazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 5 (2011): o1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811011822.

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35

Ahmadi, Abbas, and Babak Nahri-Niknafs. "Synthesis, Characterization of Some Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives of 1-Bromo-2,4-dinitrobenzene and Their Antifungal Activities." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S85—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/685246.

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Six novel benzimidazole derivatives, 5-nitro-2-phenyl -1-ethyl benzimidazol (5), 2- (p-bromophenyl)- 5-nitro- 1-ethyl benzimidazol (6), 2- (p-bromophenyl-5-nitro-1–cyclopentyl benzimidazol (7), 2- (p-bromophenyl) -5-nitro-1-cyclopentyl benzimidazol (8), 5-amino-2-(p-bromophenyl)-1-ethylbenzimidazol (9) and 5-amino-2-(p-bromophenyl)-1-cyclopentyl benzimidazol (10) were synthesized. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated by using elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy). Some of these compounds showed potential antifungal

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36

Driscoll, M., E. Dean, E. Reilly, E. Bergholz, and M. Chalfie. "Genetic and molecular analysis of a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin that conveys benzimidazole sensitivity." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 6 (1989): 2993–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.6.2993.

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Benzimidazole anti-microtubule drugs, such as benomyl, induce paralysis and slow the growth of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have identified 28 mutations in C. elegans that confer resistance to benzimidazoles. All resistant mutations map to a single locus, ben-1. Virtually all these mutations are genetically dominant. Molecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis established that ben-1 encodes a beta-tubulin. Some resistant mutants are completely deleted for the ben-1 gene. Since the deletion strains appear to be fully resistant to the drugs, the ben-1 product appears to be the only be

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37

Černochová, Jarmila, Marek Nečas, Ivo Kuřitka, and Robert Vícha. "1-(1-Adamantylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 11 (2011): o2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811041018.

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38

Ibrahim, Hassan K., Sayed H. El-Tamany, Reda F. El-Shaarawy, and Ibrahim M. El-Deen. "Synthesis and investigation of mass spectra of some novel benzimidazole derivatives." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27, no. 1 (2008): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2008.248.

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2-Substituted benzimidazoles (3) and (4a-c) were prepared via condensation of ethyl 2-thionyl-pyruvate (1) and hydrazidoyl derivatives (2a-c) with o-phenylene diamine in acetic acid. Acetylation of compound (4a) with acetic anhydride yielded the corresponding N-acetyl derivative (5). Treatment of compound 4b with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding hydrazino derivative (6). Reaction of 2-[(2-thionyl)acetyl)] benzimidazole (3) with hydrazine hydrate gave the pyrazolyl derivative (7) and hydrazino derivative (8). Alkylation of compound 3 with alkyl halide gave the corresponding 2,3-disubsti

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39

Šoškić, V., and Jelena Joksimović. "Bioisosteric Approach In The Design of New Dopaminergic/ Serotonergic Ligands." Current Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 6 (1998): 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867305666220319113953.

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Dopaminergic and serotonergic ligands are widely applied in the therapy of some severe diseases in humans connected to the malfunctioning of the corresponding membrane receptors within the CNS. However, no pharmaceuticals of this type with an ideal therapeutic index have been synthesized so far and there is a constant need of producing new dopaminergic/serotonergic ligands with improved properties especially with regard to undesirable side effects expressed after a prolonged therapy. Dopaminergic/serotonergic ratio turned out to be important for a fine tuning of pharmacological profile of new

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40

Ansari, K. F., C. Lal, and R. K. Khitoliya. "Synthesis and biological activity of some triazole-bearing benzimidazole derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 3 (2011): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100301029a.

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A number of N'-[(aryl)methylidene]-2-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol- 1-yl)acetohydrazide and 4-(aryl)-5-[(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol- 1-yl)methyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives were synthesized by incorporating various aromatic and heterocyclic substituents on 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated based on their elemental analyses and spectral data. The in vitro activities of these compounds against bacteria and fungi were evaluated by the disc diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Some of the synthesized derivat

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41

Şahin, Neslihan, İsmail Özdemir, and David Sémeril. "Dichloro-Bis(1-cinnamyl-benzimidazole)-Cobalt(II)." Molbank 2024, no. 4 (2024): M1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1911.

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Dichloro-bis(1-cinnamyl-benzimidazole)-cobalt(II) was prepared in one step using a cobalt precursor CoCl2 and corresponding substituted benzimidazole. The complex was fully characterized using IR, elemental analysis, and mass- and NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, the cobalt atom displays a typical tetrahedral geometry and is coordinated to two chlorine atoms and two benzimidazole moieties.

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42

Conboy, Darren, and Fawaz Aldabbagh. "6-Imino-1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11-octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrido[1′,2′:1,2]imidazo[4,5-f]benzimidazole-13-one: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation." Molbank 2020, no. 1 (2020): M1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1118.

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The first report of an iminoquinone of imidazo[4,5-f]benzimidazole is described. The 2D-NOESY spectrum of 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11-octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrido[1’,2’:1,2]imidazo[4,5-f]benzimidazol-6-amine was used to confirm the location of the imine moiety at the C-6 position of the title compound. Cytotoxicity data from the National Cancer Institute are included.

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43

Perisic-Janjic, Nada, Jevrem Janjic, and Marija Lazarevic. "A spectrophotometric study of the protonation processes of some N-[1-(benzimidazol)-1-yl]methylbenzamide derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 1 (2000): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0001037p.

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The protonation of N-[1-(benzimidazol)-1-yl]methylbenzamide derivatives in aqueous acids (H2SO4) media was investigated, using a spectrophotometric method. The investigated compounds have two protonation processes. The first protonation process occurs in weakly acidic aqueous solutions (pH range) and refers to the protonation of the benzimidazole part of the molecule. The second protonation process occurs in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions and refers to protonation of the amide group. The protonation constants of the second process were calculated by the Hammett and Cox-Yates method. The

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44

Otuokere, IE, KK Igwe, JF Amaku, and OV Ikpeazu. "Pharmacophore modelling of 2-chlorobenzimidazole and its specific docking to the active site c-Met Kinase: A search for potent c-Met Kinase inhibitor." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 7, no. 4 (2020): 86–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13955732.

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In this paper, we demonstrate how pharmacophore modelling was used to design the analogues of 2-chlorobenzimidazole and the application of molecular docking studies in the evaluation of the ligand affinity for the target.  The lead molecule (1-benzyl-2-chloro-1<em>H</em>-benzimidazole) had the highest docking score of -8.0 kcal/mol and was observed to interact with 17 amino acids within the pocket of c-Met Kinase (ALA159, VAL39, TYR32, MET144, ASN142, ARG141, ALA154, ASP155, ALA49, LYS51, LEU90, TYR92, MET93, GLY32, ILE, ASP97 and GLY96).  Meanwhile, the ADME characteristics of 1-ben

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45

Ogunnupebi, T. A., G. O. Oduselu, O. F. Elebiju, O. O. Ajani, and E. Adebiyi. "In silico studies of benzimidazole derivatives as sustainable inhibitors against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1342, no. 1 (2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1342/1/012005.

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Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is becoming more rampant in our world today, and different measures are being taken to combat this challenge. Benzimidazoles are classified as heterocyclic compounds with notable pharmacological properties. As a result, benzimidazole has been combined with other compounds that have remarkable actions to create a more potent molecule. Exploring these substances to combat antibacterial resistance would therefore aid in achieving good health and wellbeing and promote sustainable development. Predicting the effectiveness of the compounds before manufacturing and c

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46

El-Ablack, Fawzia Zakaria. "Synthesis of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives of Pharmaceutical Interest." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/723421.

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Reaction of 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazole dihydrochloride (1) with ethyl acetoacetate was studied to give diazepinone-benzimidazole derivative (2), while, treatment of 1 with phenylhydrazono ethylacetoacetate afforded phenylhydrazino diazepinone derivative (3). On the other hand, reaction of 1 with acetyl acetone resulted in the formation of diazepine derivative (4). The reaction of 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate was studied to give 3-aminodiazepinone derivative (5). Also the reaction of 1 with acetophenone and/or benzophenone has been investigated to give the fused imidazolines 6 and 7 respectively

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47

Zhang, Yue-Feng, Jian-Ping Ma, Qi-Kui Liu, and Yu-Bin Dong. "Three isomorphous two-dimensional coordination polymers generated from a benzimidazole bridging ligand and ZnX2(X= Cl, Br and I)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 4 (2013): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113005982.

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A novel bridging asymmetric benzimidazole ligand, 4-{2-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl}benzoic acid, was used to construct three isomorphous two-dimensional coordination polymers, namelycatena-poly[chlorido(μ3-4-{2-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl}benzoato)zinc(II)], [Zn(C26H18N3O2)Cl]n, (I), and the bromide, (II), and iodide, (III), analogues. Neighbouring two-dimensional networks are stacked into three-dimensional frameworksviainterlayer π–π interactions. The luminescent properties of (I)–(III) were investigated and they display an obvious red-shift in

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48

Ubeid, Mustafa Turki, Hamdy Khamees Thabet, and Mohamed Yousef Abu Shuheil. "Synthesis of 4-[(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]benzaldehyde and 2-({4-[(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]phenyl}methylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide." Molbank 2021, no. 3 (2021): M1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1273.

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Here we describe the preparation of 2-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-benzylidene)-hydrazine-1-carbothioamide in two steps. In the first step, 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzimidazole-2-thione was reacted with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde in DMSO to get 4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]benzaldehyde in high yield. The reaction of the obtained aldehyde with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol at reflux temperature yielded 2-({4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]phenyl}methylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C), mass spectrometry,

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Gadde, Satyanarayana, Yun Cheuk Leung, Mohan Bhadbade, Belamy B. Cheung, David StC Black, and Naresh Kumar. "Synthesis of a Novel Library of 1-Substituted Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 12 (2020): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch20173.

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The reactivity and synthesis of new analogues of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles have been explored. Twenty-three derivatives bearing phenoxy, thiophenoxy, aniline, and aryl groups at the 1-position were successfully synthesised in 25–91% yield, via nucleophilic substitution, Buchwald–Hartwig amination, and Suzuki coupling type processes. Solvent free synthetic protocols were employed to achieve the nucleophilic substitution of anilines with electron donating groups or moderately electron withdrawing groups on a sterically demanding intermediate (7a). An unusual polycyclic heterocycle was identifi

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50

Sokolov, Andrey V., Anna V. Vologzhanina, and Petr P. Purygin. "1H-Benzimidazole-1-carbohydrazonamide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 8 (2006): o3209—o3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806024949.

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