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Journal articles on the topic 'Benzoxazine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Li, Hui, Jilei Xu, Kai Zeng, Yuntao Li, and Chunxia Zhao Gaoxu Li. "Synthesis and characterization of siloxane-containing benzoxazines with high thermal stability." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 3 (2019): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319858130.

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To understand the influence of phenyl substituents on silicon and to improve the glass transition temperature ( T g) and thermal stability, phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) dimethylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-adms), phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) methylphenylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-amps), and phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) diphenylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-adps) were designed and synthesized. The structure of the siloxane-containing benzoxazines were confirmed by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The curing reaction of the obtai

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2

Wattanathana, Worawat, Yuranan Hanlumyuang, Suttipong Wannapaiboon, et al. "Novel Dihydro-1,3,2H-benzoxazine Derived from Furfurylamine: Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Photophysical Property, and Computational Study." Crystals 11, no. 5 (2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050568.

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Dihydro-1,3,2H-benzoxazines (or benzoxazine monomers) are a class of compounds that have been widely utilized in many areas such as the production of the functional polymers and optoelectronic materials. The structure variety of the benzoxazines plays a vital role in their desired properties. The effort of synthesizing functionalized benzoxazines from bioresources is of interest for sustainable development. Herein, we report the synthesis of the novel benzoxazine monomer referred to as 3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine or benzoxazine (I) from a one-pot Mannich r

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3

Cui, Shaoying, Carlos R. Arza, Pablo Froimowicz, and Hatsuo Ishida. "Developing Further Versatility in Benzoxazine Synthesis via Hydrolytic Ring-Opening." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030694.

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In this study, 2-(aminomethyl)phenol and its derivatives, the reactants for 2-substituted 1,3-benzoxazines, are synthesized by HCl hydrolysis from the typical benzoxazines. The phenol/aniline-based mono-oxazine benzoxazine, PH-a, and the bisphenol A/aniline-based bis-oxazine benzoxazine, BA-a, are used as examples to demonstrate the feasibility of this new approach. Their chemical structures are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and are further verified by elementary analysis. Their thermal properties are studied by d

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4

Liu, Jingping, and Hatsuo Ishida. "High Yield Synthesis of Fluorinated Benzoxazine Monomers and Their Molecular Characterization." Polymers and Polymer Composites 10, no. 3 (2002): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000301.

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A method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-3-pentafluorophenyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine in a high yield derived from pentafluoroaniline is described. This fluorinated benzoxazine monomer has been developed as a potential precursor for a polybenzoxazine in electronic applications as well as others taking advantage of the low dielectric constant, low flammability, low refractive index, low coefficient of friction, and high glass transition temperature of fluorinated compounds. The traditional benzoxazine synthesis conditions are inappropriate for the synthesis of fluorinated benzoxazines when the fluor

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5

Liang, Wei, Li-Jing Min, Liang Han, and Xing-Hai Liu. "Recent Advances on Synthesis of 1,4-Benzoxazines and its Derivatives." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 23 (2021): 2840–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666211117154031.

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1,4-benzoxazine compounds are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. Ever since 1,4-benzoxazine was discovered in 1959, it has attracted chemists due to its unique physiological activities, and their synthesis and application have been studied. However, the traditional synthesis methods of 1,4-benzoxazines have some drawbacks, such as complicated steps, harsh reaction conditions and low yield. Therefore, it is still a significant direction to develop new and efficient synthesis methods. In this paper, the synthesis methods and reaction mechanisms of these compounds are reviewed, and the

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6

Liu, Fanghui, Ximeng Wu, Kun Chen, Junbo Yao, and Qichao Ran. "The Effect of Tertiary Amines as Catalysts on the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Benzoxazines." Polymers 17, no. 11 (2025): 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17111431.

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Benzoxazines are a kind of high-performance thermosetting resin that can undergo ring-opening polymerization to generate cross-linking structures. Here, two benzoxazine monomers, bisphenol A/aniline type (BA-a) and bisphenol A/tert-butylamine type (BA-tb), were synthesized and mixed with three tertiary amine catalysts like 2-methylimidazole (2MI), 1,2-dimethylimidazole (12MI), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to study the curing behaviors and the curing kinetics of two benzoxazine/catalyst systems. The results indicated that all amines had a

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7

Shamsutdinova, Medina Humaidovna, Nur-Magomed Rezvanovich Tashligov, and Yunus Yakubovich Kurbanov. "SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDSOF COBALT (II) WITH BENZOXASINE DERIVATIVES." National Association of Scientists 1, no. 30(57) (2020): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2020.1.57.263.

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In this work, coordination compounds of Co (II) with derivatives of dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazines were synthesized by a chemical method and their composition, structure, and physicochemical properties were studied. ... According to the data of elemental analysis and analysis for metal, the obtained complex compounds have the composition ML2, where M is metal, L are ligands: 2- [2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,4-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1benzoxazine (L1), 2- [2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl] -4,4-diphenyl-1 , 2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine (L2), 2- [2hydroxynaphthyl] -4,4-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine (L3),

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8

Jamrozik, Artur, Mateusz Barczewski, Grzegorz Framski, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites." Materials 13, no. 13 (2020): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132995.

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A series of cresol-based benzoxazines were synthesized for potential application as a polymer matrix in abrasive composites. The chemical structures of the obtained benzoxazine resins were investigated in detail using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen-1 as well as carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR) with an additional analysis using two-dimensional NMR techniques (2D NMR 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C gHSQC and gHMBC). Structural analysis confirmed the presence of vibrations of -O-C-N- at ~950 cm−1 wavenumber, characteristic for an oxazine ring. Th

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9

Wang, Jing, Qinghua Liu, Jiangnan Yu, Riwei Xu, Chengzhong Wang, and Jinping Xiong. "Synthesis and Characterization of Benzoxazine Resin Based on Furfurylamine." Materials 15, no. 23 (2022): 8364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238364.

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This paper presents an investigation of the modification of natural oxazines to traditional bisphenol A benzoxazines. Eugenol was reacted with furfurylamine to synthesize a new type of benzoxazine (eugenol–furfurylamine benzoxazine), with a yield of 77.65%; and another new type of benzoxazine (bisphenol A–furfurylamine benzoxazine) was generated from bisphenol A and furfurylamine, with the highest yield of 93.78%. In order to analyze and study the target molecules, IR (infrared radiation) spectroscopy, GPC (gel-permeation chromatograph), mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance),

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10

Wang, Chih-Feng, Shiao-Wei Kuo, Ching-Hsuan Lin, Hou-Guang Chen, Chih-Siang Liao, and Pei-Rung Hung. "Benzoxazine as a reactive noncovalent dispersant for carbon nanotubes." RSC Adv. 4, no. 68 (2014): 36012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04728a.

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Benzoxazines can be used as a reactive noncovalent dispersant for carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The benzoxazine coatings improved the compatibility of the CNTs with various organic solvents and retained their reactivity.

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11

Sandberg, Mats, Ioannis Petsagkourakis, and Valerio Beni. "Sensor Absorbents for Heavy Metal Ions By Low-Cost Functionalization of Porous Carbons." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 54 (2023): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02542567mtgabs.

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Porous carbons are key materials in electrodes for electrochemical energy storage as well as in water purification. Methods to modify porous carbons to enhance their properties as charge storing or water purification materials have been explored during the past decades [1,2]. The main application fields if porous carbon, water purification and energy storage, are highly cost sensitive. For this reason, there is a need to develop low-cost methods to modify porous carbons. Here, the use of benzoxazine chemistry to modify porous carbons is explored. Benzoxazine chemistry can be considered a prote

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12

Petrakova, Viktoria V., Vyacheslav V. Kireev, Denis V. Onuchin, et al. "Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3′-Dichloro-4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091421.

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To reveal the effect of chlorine substituents in the ring of aromatic amine on the synthesis process of benzoxazine monomer and on its polymerization ability, as well as to develop a fire-resistant material, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained in toluene and mixture toluene/isopropanol. The resulting benzoxazine monomers were thermally cured for 2 h at 180 °C, 4 h at 200 °C, 2 h at 220 °C. A comparison between the rheological, thermal and fire-resistant properties of the benzoxazines based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiph

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13

Chozhan, C. Karikal, A. Chandramohan, and M. Alagar. "Development and characterization of 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane-based benzoxazine and cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices: Thermal and morphological properties." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 9 (2019): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119853747.

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1,1-Bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane-based benzoxazine monomer and 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-cyanatophenyl)cyclohexane were blended together via in situ polymerization. The chemical blending of benzoxazines with cyanate ester was carried out thermally and the resulting product was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The benzoxazine–cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices were investigated for their thermal and morphological properties. The glass transition temperature, curing behavior, thermal stability, char yield, and flame resistance of the hybrid polymer matrices were studied by

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14

Suetrong, Natapol, Kantapat Chansaenpak, Sarawoot Impeng, et al. "Influences of Chemical Functionalities on Crystal Structures and Electrochemical Properties of Dihydro-benzoxazine Dimer Derivatives." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080979.

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Dihydro-1,3,2H-benzoxazine dimer derivatives or dihydro-benzoxazine dimers are a class of compounds typically prepared by ring-opening reactions between dihydro-benzoxazines and phenols. Dihydro-benzoxazine dimers act as chelating agents for several transition and rare-earth cations. To better understand the chelating properties, it is necessary to examine their structural features and electrochemical characteristics thoroughly. However, the electrochemical properties of dihydro-benzoxazine dimers have not been tremendously examined. Herein, eight derivatives of dihydro-benzoxazine dimers poss

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15

Farat, Oleg, Svetlana Varenichenko, Ekaterina Zaliznaya, and Victor Markov. "REARRANGEMENT OF SUBSTITUTED 1,3-BENZOXAZINES INTO XANTHENE-TYPE COMPOUNDS." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, no. 2 (2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.86.2.2020.111-122.

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The rearrangement patterns of new 1,3-benzoxazines derivatives obtained by condensation of substituted salicylamides with cyclic ketones under the influence of Vilsmeier-Haack reagent has been studied. The influence of angel strain in a 4-membered spirocycle prevents the rearrangement of spiro [1,3-benzoxazine-2,1'-cyclobutan]-4(3H)-one under the action of a formylating agent. 1,3-Benzoxazines derivatives with ring sizes from 5- to 8-membered under the action of a formylating agent have formed formylxanthene derivative. Their formation reaction rate depends on the presence of electronegativity

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16

Krishnasamy, Balaji, Hariharan Arumugam, Mohamed Iqbal M, and Alagar Muthukaruppan. "Thermal behaviour of benzoxazine blends based on epoxy and cyanate ester." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (2021): S1475—S1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211059714.

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In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop high-performance polymeric hybrid binary blends of epoxy/benzoxazine and benzoxazine/cyanate ester with varying weight percentages (25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 wt%) of resins, namely, bisphenol-F epoxy resin (DGEBF), benzoxazines [bisphenol–F/aniline (BF-a) and imidazole core-based bisphenol/aniline (IBP-a)] and cyanate ester [bisphenol-F bifunctional cyanate ester (BF-CE)]. The molecular structure, polymerisation temperature/cure behaviour, glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability of the neat polymeric matrices and binary hybr

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17

Trejo-Machin, Acerina, João Paulo Cosas Fernandes, Laura Puchot, et al. "Synthesis of Novel Benzoxazines Containing Sulfur and Their Application in Rubber Compounds." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081262.

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This work reports the synthesis and successful use of novel benzoxazines as reinforcing resins in polyisoprene rubber compounds. For this purpose, three new dibenzoxazines containing one (4DTP-fa) or two heteroatoms of sulfur (3DPDS-fa and 4DPDS-fa) were synthesized following a Mannich condensation reaction. The structural features of each benzoxazine precursor were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman. The new precursors showed well suited reactivity as characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology an

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18

Haubold, Thorben Sören, Laura Puchot, Antoine Adjaoud, Pierre Verge, and Katharina Koschek. "Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker." Polymers 13, no. 24 (2021): 4330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244330.

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This work explores the strategy of incorporating a highly substituted reactive flame retardant into a benzoxazine moiety. For this purpose, a DOPO-based flame retardant received a chain extension via reaction with ethylene carbonate. It was then reacted with phloretic acid to obtain a diphenol end-capped molecule, and further reacted with furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde to obtain a benzoxazine monomer via a Mannich-like ring closure reaction. This four-step synthesis yielded a partly bio-based halogen-free flame retardant benzoxazine monomer (DOPO-PA-fa). The successful synthesis was proven

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19

Asrafali, Shakila Parveen, Thirukumaran Periyasamy, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Ramkumar Vanaraj, Vinit Raj, and Seong-Cheol Kim. "Development of Hybrid Titania/Polybenzoxazine Composite for Enhance Thermomechanical, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021639.

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Polybenzoxazines (Pbzs) are a recently developed class of thermosetting polymeric materials possessing low surface free energy with nonfluorine or nonsilicon content. In the present study, a new type of Pbz-BN/TiO2 composite was fabricated using benzoxazine monomer bis(6-phenyl diazenyl-3-phenoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazinyl) benzonitrile and inorganic TiO2 fillers by a simple and inexpensive process. The thermal curing method was found to be effective for preparing superhydrophobic surfaces combining low surface energy and surface roughness. The presence of the benzonitrile group in the be

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20

Khramtsova, Ekaterina E., Maksim V. Dmitriev, and Andrey N. Maslivets. "4-Benzoyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidino[4,3-c][1,4]benzoxazine-3,5-dione." Molbank 2023, no. 1 (2023): M1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1583.

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The reaction of 3-benzoylpyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazin-1,2,4-trione with N-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanimine under thermolytical conditions afforded 4-benzoyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidino[4,3-c][1,4]benzoxazine-3,5-dione in a good yield. The reaction proceeded via in situ generation of a reactive intermediate, acyl(imidoyl)ketene. The compound was fully characterized.

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21

Mei, Qilin, Honghua Wang, Danliao Tong, Jiuqiang Song, and Zhixiong Huang. "A Novel Acetylene-Functional/Silicon-Containing Benzoxazine Resin: Preparation, Curing Kinetics and Thermal Properties." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12050999.

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Benzoxazine resin has been paid more attention in the fields of aviation, electronics, automobiles and new energy industries because of its excellent comprehensive performance. Further application is limited, however, by shortcomings such as high brittleness and high curing temperature. Furthermore, higher thermal stability is imperiously demanded in special areas. Incorporating both an acetylene group and silicon into the benzoxazine monomer is a promising possible solution to improve the curing processability, thermal properties and toughness of benzoxazine. In this paper, an acetylene-funct

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SIROTIN, I. S., V. V. PETRAKOVA, and V. V. KIREEV. "Polybenzoxazine binders for polymeric composite materials." Plasticheskie massy 1, no. 5-6 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2022-5-6-4-12.

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Phosphazene-containing benzoxazine compounds based on diamines of various structures were obtained as a result of the work performed. The resulting compounds were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, the thermal and rheological properties of benzoxazines based on diamines were studied, and data of flammability were presented. The effect of the structure of the initial diamine on the properties of the resulting monomer and polymer has been studied. The curing kinetics of compositions of benzoxazines with different contents of phosphorus-containing flame retardant catalysts based on hexachloroc

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23

Yang, Po, and Yi Gu. "Synthesis of a novel benzoxazine containing benzoxazole structure." Chinese Chemical Letters 21, no. 5 (2010): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2009.12.012.

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24

Selvaraj, V., TR Raghavarshini, and M. Alagar. "Evaluation of thermo-mechanical, dielectric and corrosion resistant properties of cardanol benzoxazine-epoxy based hybrid composites: A very low temperature curing pre-polymer for high performance paint related applications." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 5 (2019): 524–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319885006.

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In the present work, the hybrid siloxane-based cardanol-benzoxazine-epoxy (1:1 ratio) matrix (SBCBz-EP) capable of curing at substantially low temperature when compared with that of conventional benzoxazines was prepared and characterized. The matrix SBCBz-EP was reinforced with varying weight percentages (1, 3 and 5 wt%) of hydroxyl-terminated cyclotriphosphazene (HTCP) and the resulting hybrid composites were characterized by modern analytical methods, which can be used for paint-related applications due to their low-temperature curing behaviour. Data obtained from differential scanning calo

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25

Huang, Mitchell T., and Hatsuo Ishida. "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Reactive Diluent Modified Benzoxazine-based Phenolic Resin." Polymers and Polymer Composites 7, no. 4 (1999): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119990704233.

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The viscosity of a difunctional benzoxazine resin is reduced by use of a monofunctional benzoxazine monomer or a difunctional epoxy monomer as reactive diluents to further improve processability. With only 25 inole% reactive diluent modification, the viscosity is reduced to 20% of that of the neat resin. The influence of the monofunctional benzoxazine on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the modified polybenzoxazine is examined as a function of composition. Glassy state properties, such as stiffness at room temperature, are unaffected by the incorporation of the monofunctional b

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26

Fu, Xiaoming, Daniel Wenholz, Daniel S. H. Chan, David StC Black, and Naresh Kumar. "Rational Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation of Novel 4-Aryl-3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,4-Benzoxazines." Molecules 29, no. 1 (2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010166.

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A synthetic pathway to a novel 4-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine scaffold was developed and a series of compounds based on the scaffold were synthesised as potential anticancer agents. The 4-aryl-substituted compounds were prepared via Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling between substituted bromobenzenes and various 1,4-benzoxazines, which in turn were generated from a cascade hydrogenation and reductive amination one-pot reaction. These analogues exhibited moderate to good potency against various cancer cell lines. Structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the inclusion of hydro

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27

Rivera, Augusto, Jicli José' Rojas, Jaime Ríos-Motta, and Michael Bolte. "Crystal structure of 1,2-bis(6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benz[e][1,3]oxazin-3-yl)ethane: a bromine-containing bis-benzoxazine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 11 (2016): 1645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016016509.

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The title benzoxazine molecule, C18H18Br2N2O2, was prepared by a Mannich-type reaction of 4-bromophenol with ethane-1,2-diamine and formaldehyde. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupC2/cwith a centre of inversion located at the mid-point of the C—C bond of the central CH2CH2spacer. The oxazinic ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The structure is compared to those of other functionalized benzoxazines synthesized in our laboratory. In the crystal, weak C—H...Br and C—H...O hydrogen bonds stack the molecules along theb-axis direction.

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Bakangura, Erigene, Zhong Yu Luo, Guang Kai Wang, Yang Bin, Yan Ping Yue, and Xiao Dan Lin. "Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylamide Based Benzoxazine." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.11.

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Novel benzoxazine monomers, acrylamide based benzoxazine, have been prepared from direct condensation of phenols with acrylamide and formaldehyde. 1H NMR and FT-IR, DSC and TGA were used to analysis the structure, compositions and investigate the curing behaviour and thermal stability, respectively. Solvent effects were studied. Solventless method is good for higher formation ratio of benzoxazine to the corresponding phenolic resin. The ratio for P-AA is 36.4% by solventless method, while it’s about 26% by toluene solvent; and 44% and 20% for B-AA, respectively. The monomers mixtures exhibit c

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Kimura, Hajime, Keiko Ohtsuka, and Akihiro Matsumoto. "Performance of Graphite Filled Composite Based on Benzoxazine Resin. II. Decreasing the Moulding Time of the Composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 20, no. 8 (2012): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111202000807.

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To put the fuel cell to practical use, it is necessary to reduce its cost for the production of the bipolar plate as one of the components in the cell. Decreasing the moulding (cure) time of the graphite filled composites as a bipolar plate can increase its productivity. In this study, we aimed to decrease the moulding (cure) time of graphite-filled composites based on benzoxazine resin for the bipolar plate. Therefore, phenol novolac resin was added to benzoxazine resin as a curing accelerator. Expanded graphite was used for the preparation of the graphite-filled composites. The composites we

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Zhang, Kai, Yongyang Sun, Fangxin Wang, Wenyan Liang, and Zhenqing Wang. "Progressive Failure and Energy Absorption of Chopped Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polybenzoxazine Composite under Impact Loadings." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081809.

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As a type of environmentally-friendly and low-cost natural material, bamboo fibers exhibit excellent mechanical properties. In this study, a bamboo fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine composite was fabricated by an improved hot-pressing process. The dynamic compressive behaviors of neat benzoxazine and its composite were comparatively studied by an SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) apparatus. SHPB tests showed that the benzoxazine matrix and its composite exhibited significantly positive strain rate sensitivity at nominal strain rates in the range of 0.006–2500/s. During the impact loadings, th

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NIYOMSIN, Sorapat, Suwabun CHIRACHANCHAI, and Toshikazu TAKATA. "Multi-responsive rotaxane with tunable fluorescence under azobenzene-based benzoxazine structure." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, no. 3 (2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i3.1269.

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Rotaxanes are known for the mechanically interlocked molecules for decades. The present work demonstrates a method to prepare multi-responsive rotaxane by conjugating with a multi-responsive supramolecule. Benzoxazine dimers, N, N’-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) methylamine derivatives, are good models because their simple chemistry. An azobenzene containing benzoxazine with remaining hydroxyl group for further conjugation with rotaxane was designed. The ring opening of rotaxane using fluorescent phenol provides benzoxazine dimer with metal ion responsive and fluorescent properties. Based o

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32

Sawaryn, Christian, Katharina Landfester, and Andreas Taden. "Benzoxazine Miniemulsions Stabilized with Polymerizable Nonionic Benzoxazine Surfactants." Macromolecules 43, no. 21 (2010): 8933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma101169g.

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Suesuwan, Arunthip, Natapol Suetrong, Sila Yaemphutchong, et al. "Partially Bio-Based Benzoxazine Monomers Derived from Thymol: Photoluminescent Properties, Polymerization Characteristics, Hydrophobic Coating Investigations, and Anticorrosion Studies." Polymers 16, no. 13 (2024): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16131767.

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In this work, four thymol-based benzoxazines were synthesized using four primary amines with different chain lengths, namely methylamine, ethylamine, 1-propylamine, and 1-butylamine, which are then named T-m, T-e, T-p, and T-b, respectively. The optical properties of the synthesized thymol-based benzoxazines were examined via the photoluminescent study of their solutions in acetone. The results show that all the prepared benzoxazines emitted blue light with the maximum wavelengths from 425 to 450 nm when irradiated by the excitation wavelengths from 275 to 315 nm. The maximum excitation wavele

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Zhang, Min, Zhiwei Tan, Siqian Hu, Jinjun Qiu, and Chengmei Liu. "A simple method to introduce phosphoester groups into a polybenzoxazine backbone as multifunctional modifiers." RSC Adv. 4, no. 83 (2014): 44234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05136j.

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ARSLAN, Mustafa. "Synthesis and characterization of novel mussel-inspired benzoxazines bythiol-benzoxazine chemistry." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 43, no. 5 (2019): 1472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1905-26.

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Su, Wei-Chen, Fang-Chang Tsai, Chih-Feng Huang, Lizong Dai, and Shiao-Wei Kuo. "Flexible Epoxy Resins Formed by Blending with the Diblock Copolymer PEO-b-PCL and Using a Hydrogen-Bonding Benzoxazine as the Curing Agent." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020201.

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In this study, we enhanced the toughness of epoxy resin by blending it with the diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide–b–ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) with a benzoxazine monomer (PA-OH) as the thermal curing agent. After thermal curing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding existed between the OH units of the epoxy–benzoxazine copolymer and the C–O–C (C=O) units of the PEO (PCL) segment. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the glass transition temperature and storage modulus of the epoxy–benzoxazine matrix

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37

Kang, Nianjun, Shuai Yang, Xuhai Xiong, Anchang Han, Rong Ren, and Jing Wang. "The Performance and Synthesis of Alkynyl−Functionalized Benzoxazine Containing Phthalide Side Groups and Cyano Groups with Different Molecular Weights." Polymers 15, no. 16 (2023): 3478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163478.

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Benzoxazine resins are widely employed in a variety of applications due to their exceptional heat resistance and treatment properties. However, traditional benzoxazine resins still confront hurdles in today’s engineering applications, such as their inability to provide long-term service in high-temperature settings and their inadequate toughness. In this study, four alkyne-functionalized benzoxazines with phthalide side groups and cyano groups of varying molecular weights were produced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR

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38

Oppenheimer, Leah, Malavika Ramkumar, Irlaine Machado, Chris Scott, Scott Winroth, and Hatsuo Ishida. "Development of an Atomic-Oxygen-Erosion-Resistant, Alumina-Fiber-Reinforced, Fluorinated Polybenzoxazine Composite for Low-Earth Orbital Applications." Polymers 15, no. 1 (2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010112.

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An atomic-oxygen-erosion-resistant fluorinated benzoxazine resin and composite were developed. The benzoxazine resin, abbreviated as “BAF-oda-fu,” consists of four benzoxazine rings, and was synthesized from bisphenol AF (BAF), 4,4′-oxydianiline (oda), furfurylamine (fu), and paraformaldehyde. The resin was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An analysis of the solvent-washed product showed a technical grade purity (>95%) and a yield of approxim

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Takeichi, Tsutomu, Soulideth Thongpradith, Shoko Hirai, Tomomi Takiguchi, and Takehiro Kawauchi. "Syntheses of novel benzoxazines having vinyl groups and thermal properties of the thermosets." High Performance Polymers 24, no. 8 (2012): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008312451479.

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Novel benzoxazines having vinyl groups were synthesized from phenol or bisphenol A, 3- or 4-vinylaniline and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of the monomers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H-NMR analyses. The polymerization behavior of the monomers was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry. Exothermic peak of the monomers appeared in the range of 219–252 °C, due to the chain polymerization of the vinyl group and the ring-opening polymerization of benzoxazine occurring at the same temperature range. The thermal cure of the monomers afforded polybenzoxazines

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40

Litvinchuk, Mariia, Anton Bentya, Svitlana Shishkina, and Mykhailo Vovk. "Synthesis and some chemical transformations of novel 1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-8-carboxylic acids and their benzoannelated analogues." Current Chemistry Letters 14, no. 1 (2025): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2024.9.004.

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A preparatively convenient method is proposed for the synthesis of new 1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-с][1,4]oxazine-8- 4a-e and 4-oxo-4H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-3-carboxylic acids 5a-f that is based on the interaction of methyl (2-oxomorpholin-3-ylidene)ethanoates 1a-e and methyl (2-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-ylidene)ethanoates 2a-f with 2-bromo-1,1-diethoxyethane. Obtained acids were transformed into the corresponding tert-butyl carbamates 6a-e, 7a-f and N-alkyl(aryl)carboxamides 11a-i, 12a-d. By treating tert-butyl carbamates 6a-e, 7a-f with hydrogen chloride, 8-amino-3,4-dihydro

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Viet, Cao Xuan. "SYNTHESIS OF BENZOXAZINE MONOMER WITH LOW CURING TEMPERATURE FROM RENEWABLE DIPHENOLIC ACID, BENZYLAMINE AND PARAFORMALDEHYDE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 1B (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/1b/12092.

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The aim of this study was to examine the use of renewable diphenolic acid (DPA) as starting materials together with benzylamine and paraformaldehyde for the synthesis of novel polybenzoxazine resin with low curing temperature. The monomer structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was also used to study crosslinking behavior of synthesized material. The benzoxazine monomer exhibited low exothermic peak with the onset around 162 °C, which is significantly lower t

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Sarychev, I. A., V. V. Khmelnitsky, M. A. Khaskov, and M. A. Guseva. "A study of the polymerization of a monofunctional benzoxazine monomer based on phenol and aniline and its copolymerization with epoxy resins." Plasticheskie massy, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2021-1-2-14-18.

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In the work, the liquid monofunctional benzoxazine monomer based on phenol and aniline (P-a) was synthesized in melt and benzoxazine-epoxy compositions based on it were obtained. The processes of polymerization of a benzoxazine monomer and its copolymerization with epoxy resins of various structures and functionality in catalyzed and non-catalyzed systems have been investigated, and the rheological properties of the compositions have been evaluated. For the obtained polybenzoxazines and benzoxazine-epoxy copolymers, the thermal characteristics were determined, in particular, the glass transiti

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Zhang, Kai, Wenyan Liang, Fangxin Wang, and Zhenqing Wang. "Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of bamboo/glass-reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 1 (2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391120903664.

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In this study, bamboo and glass fibers were successfully added into bisphenol A–aniline-based benzoxazine resin by hot pressing method. The effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of the neat benzoxazine and its composites was studied. The composites prepared in this study has been proved to exhibit better water resistance than some conventional natural fiber/polymer composites due to good hydrophobicity of the benzoxazine matrix. From the mechanical tests, the tensile performance of both neat benzoxazine and the composites degraded seriously after prolonged immersion in water.

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El-Mahdy, Ahmed F. M., and Shiao-Wei Kuo. "Direct synthesis of poly(benzoxazine imide) from an ortho-benzoxazine: its thermal conversion to highly cross-linked polybenzoxazole and blending with poly(4-vinylphenol)." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 14 (2018): 1815–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00087e.

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Kliegel, Wolfgang, Jörg Metge, Steven J. Rettig, and James Trotter. "Aromatic aldonitrones of 2-(hydroxyamino)benzyl alcohol and their cyclic isomers. Crystal and molecular structures of a 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine, a boron chelate, and its parent nitrone ligand." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 4 (1998): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-023.

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The synthesis of a series of C-aryl-N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]nitrones, 5 (that can also exist under certain conditions as isomeric 1-hydroxy-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazines, 8), via 2-(hydroxyamino)benzyl alcohol, 4, and their subsequent reactions with oxybis(diphenylborane), (Ph2B)2O, leading to the 5-(arylmethylene)-7,7-diphenyl-6,8-dioxa- 5-azonia-7-borata-5H-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzocyclo- heptenes 6 are described. Crystals of 1-hydroxy-2- (4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine, 8b, are monoclinic, a = 9.379(2), b = 10.699(2), c = 12.9392(7) Å, β = 99.916(2)°, Z = 4 (two

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Zhang, Kan, and Hatsuo Ishida. "An anomalous trade-off effect on the properties of smart ortho-functional benzoxazines." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 13 (2015): 2541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00031a.

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A series of ortho-difunctional benzoxazine monomers containing amide, imide and amide–imide groups have been synthesized in order to obtain basic design rules toward preparing higher performance polybenzoxazoles based on smart benzoxazine chemistry.

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Kim, Ho-Sik, and Seong-Uk Lee. "Synthesis of Pyrazolyl-1,4-benzoxazine Derivatives." Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 48, no. 4 (2004): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2004.48.4.451.

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48

Ma, He-Ming, Yun Liu, Ying-Xuan Liu, Jin-Jun Qiu, and Cheng-Mei Liu. "Vinyl benzoxazine: a novel heterobifunctional monomer that can undergo both free radical polymerization and cationic ring-opening polymerization." RSC Advances 5, no. 124 (2015): 102441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18058a.

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A novel heterobifunctional monomer (6-ethenyl-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine (VBOZO)) containing both a vinyl group and benzoxazine group was successfully prepared and the homo- and copolymerization reactions of this monomer were studied.

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Lo, Jonathan, Xingyue Zhang, Travis Williams, and Steven Nutt. "Eliminating porosity via reformulation of a benzoxazine–epoxy resin transfer molding resin." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (2017): 1481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317727048.

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Use of benzoxazine resins in composites is limited by volatile-induced porosity, which degrades the thermomechanical properties of the product. In the present study, we demonstrate how to eliminate cure-induced volatilization and volatile-induced defects in benzoxazine composite laminates, using a chemistry-based approach. Like most resins formulated for high-temperature service, benzoxazine and benzoxazine–epoxy blends generally include solvent additives. Consequently, composite parts produced with such resins exhibit higher levels of cure-induced volatile release, often leading to porosity i

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Mahesh, V. K., Mamta Maheswari, Rakesh Sharma, and Rashmi Sharma. "Analogs of cannabinoids: synthesis of some 7H-indolo-, 5H-imidazolo, 7H-benzimidazolo[1,2-c] [1,3]benzoxazines – novel ring systems." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 3 (1985): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-103.

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Tetrahydrocannabinol 1, the active constituent of CannabissativaLinn, is a well-known CNS-active compound and introduction of a nitrogen atom at the ring junction of the pyran and alicyclic ring is of considerable interest. This prompted the synthesis of 7H-indolo[1,2-c] [1,3]-, 5H-imidazolo[1,2-C] [1,3],- and 7H-benzimidazolo[1,2-c] [1,3]-benzoxazine, a novel heterocyclic system. 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl) indoles, 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) imidazoles, and 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazoles are suitable intermediates for the preparation of this type of benzoxazines, as the second heterocycle (ring B) c

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