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Journal articles on the topic 'Bergamasco'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Guerini, Federica. "“It sounds like the language spoken by those living by the seaside” – language attitudes towards the local Italo-romance variety of Ghanaian immigrants in Bergamo." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018, no. 254 (October 25, 2018): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0035.

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Abstract In this article, I focus on the position of Bergamasco, the Italo-romance variety spoken in the Province of Bergamo (Northern Italy), in the linguistic repertoire of the local Ghanaian immigrant community. I argue that Ghanaian immigrants do not speak Bergamasco since the local people refrain from speaking Bergamasco to them. Bergamasco can be regarded as a we-code (Gumperz, John. 1982. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.) of the indigenous community, whereas Italian – in most cases, a simplified variety of standard Italian – is the default choice when communicating with immigrants. The lack of input in combination with negative attitudes and a lack of motivation to acquire the dialect triggers a self-reinforcing dynamic, making the incorporation of Bergamasco into the linguistic repertoire of Ghanaian immigrants unlikely. Excerpts from a sample of face-to-face interactions and semi-structured interviews involving a group of first-generation Ghanaian immigrants reveal that Bergamasco tends to be perceived as a sort of “secret language” deliberately used by local people to exclude immigrants and other outsiders. This stereotype originates from and is reinforced by lack of competence on the part of the migrants, but is devoid of any foundation.

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2

Newth, George. "The Movimento Autonomista Bergamasco and the Lega Nord: continuities and discontinuities." Modern Italy 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2018.4.

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Studies of the Lega Nord (Northern League) have tended either to ignore the existence of earlier movements for regional autonomy in the 1950s – such as the Movimento Autonomista Bergamasco – or, on the contrary, assume continuities between the two movements at the expense of analysis of the significant discontinuities. This article argues that neither approach has been successful in capturing the importance of precursors to leghismo and that a more nuanced analysis is required. Focusing on the Movimento Autonomista Bergamasco (MAB) in its various incarnations between 1947 and 1970, I argue that the Bergamascan autonomists of the post-war period in many ways laid the foundations for Umberto Bossi’s Lega Nord; however, it is historically inaccurate to claim a direct line of continuity between mabismo and leghismo due to the differing contexts in which each movement operated: the critical junctures of the post-war era and post-tangentopoli respectively. What emerges from a closer analysis of the relationship between the two movements, as mabismo evolved into leghismo in the 1980s is a picture of regional autonomism distancing itself from the ideal of national unity and being increasingly drawn to secessionism.

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3

Janulardo, Ettore. "Il "Diario Grassi". Un bergamasco in Africa." STORIA IN LOMBARDIA, no. 3 (December 2009): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sil2009-003005.

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4

Bergamasco, Mariana Tirolli Rett, Lícia Santos Santana, Fernanda Mendonça Araújo, and Paula Michele Dos Santos Leite. "Cuidados Interprofissionais em Saúde da Mulher e Oncologia." Fisioterapia Brasil 20, no. 3 (April 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/fb.v20i3.2842.

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5

Katritzky, M. A. "Eight Portraits of Gelosi Actors in 1589?" Theatre Research International 21, no. 2 (1996): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300014693.

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The group of actors from whom the Gelosi company arose are thought to have first come together in 1568, with the amalgamation of two troupes led by the prima donnas Vincenza and Flaminia. They were already known by the name Gelosi when they toured France in 1571; by 1572 they were popular enough to be able to complain that the stanze in Genoa could only hold an audience of 150; in 1574 their performance, and that of their leading lady, Vittoria Piisimi, were the highlight of Henri III's visit to Venice, and their reputation as the foremost com-media dell'arte troupe was fully established. Por-cacchi's pamphlet of 1574 notes some of the Gelosi actors of the time as Simon of Bologna, who played a facchino Bergamasco, Giulio Pas-quati as the Magnifico and Rinaldo. A Mantuan decree of 5 May 1579 names as Gelosi actors Simon the Bergamasco, Orazio and Adriano the innamorati, and Gabriele their friend.

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6

Danzi, Massimo, and Rodolfo Vittori. "Tra Bergamo e Brescia. La misura trilingue del bergamasco Giovanni Bressani." Italique, no. XXIII (December 15, 2020): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/italique.745.

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7

Poluzzi, Cristiano. "Percorsi personali e memorie dei partigiani nel bergamasco: spunti per una riflessione." STORIA IN LOMBARDIA, no. 2 (February 2018): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sil2016-002002.

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8

Grubb, James S. "Venezia e lo "Stado de Terraferma": Il governo delle Comunità nel Territorio Bergamasco (secc. XV-XVIII). Ivana Pederzani." Journal of Modern History 67, no. 3 (September 1995): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/245213.

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9

DEL NEVO, MATTHEW. "Amour du Monde, Amour de Dieu: Esther Edwards et Sarah Prince entre Évangélisme et Lumières - By Lucia Bergamasco." Journal of Religious History 35, no. 2 (May 24, 2011): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2010.01003.x.

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10

Aragão-Costa, E. R. "Local Hypoellipticity by Lyapunov Function." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7210540.

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We treat the local hypoellipticity, in the first degree, for a class of abstract differential operators complexes; the ones are given by the following differential operators:Lj=∂/∂tj+(∂ϕ/∂tj)(t,A)A,j=1,2,…,n, whereA:D(A)⊂H→His a self-adjoint linear operator, positive with0∈ρ(A), in a Hilbert spaceH, andϕ=ϕ(t,A)is a series of nonnegative powers ofA-1with coefficients inC∞(Ω),Ωbeing an open set ofRn, for anyn∈N, different from what happens in the work of Hounie (1979) who studies the problem only in the casen=1. We provide sufficient condition to get the local hypoellipticity for that complex in the elliptic region, using a Lyapunov function and the dynamics properties of solutions of the Cauchy problemt′(s)=-∇Reϕ0(t(s)),s≥0,t(0)=t0∈Ω,ϕ0:Ω→Cbeing the first coefficient ofϕ(t,A). Besides, to get over the problem out of the elliptic region, that is, in the pointst∗ ∈Ωsuch that∇Reϕ0(t∗)= 0, we will use the techniques developed by Bergamasco et al. (1993) for the particular operatorA=1-Δ:H2(RN)⊂L2(RN)→L2(RN).

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11

Pal, Pratibha, and D. P. Bhattacharyya. "Derivation of muon range spectrum under rock from the recent primary spectrum." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1050–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-172.

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The muon range spectra under Mont Blanc Tunnel and Kolar Gold Field rocks have been calculated from the recently measured primary cosmic ray spectrum. The scaling hypothesis of Feynman has been used for the calculation of pion and kaon spectra in the atmosphere. The meson atmospheric diffusion equation has been solved by following the method of Bugaev et al. The derived muon energy spectrum has been found to be in good agreement with the measured data of the Kiel, Durham, DEIS, and Moscow University groups. The calculated muon energy spectra at large polar angles have been compared with the different experimental results. The integral muon spectrum up to 20 TeV supports the MARS burst data favourably. Using the procedure of Kobayakawa, the muon energy loss in rock due to ionization, pair production, and bremsstrahlung and nuclear interactions from Bezrukov and Bugaev, we have constructed the range–energy relation in Mont Blanc and Kolar Gold Field rocks. The estimated range spectra have been corrected for range fluctuations and have been compared with the Mont Blanc Tunnel data of Castagnoli et al., Bergamasco et al., and Sheldon et al. and the Kolar Gold Field data compilation by Krishnaswamy et al.

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12

Cocero, Nadia, Laura Bergamasco, and Marco Mozzati. "Oral Surgery In Severe Thrombocytopaenia Patients: A Case-Control Comparison of Platelet Concentrate Versus Platelet Transfusion." International Dental Research 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2012.vol2.no2.2.

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Aim: Surgical treatment of patients with severe thrombocytopaenia (<50,000 platelets/mL) is a major problem for dentists due to an increased risk of bleeding. To reduce post-extraction haemorrhage, we tested a new approach using a platelet concentrate and compared its outcomes with those of routine platelet transfusion. Methodology: Sixty-six patients with a platelet count between 29,000 and 46,000/mL were included in the study. Each patient was to undergo at least two sessions for the extraction of teeth; in one session the patients received a platelet transfusion before the extraction and in the other the post-alveolar sockets were treated with Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF). Patients were evaluated after 0.4, 1, 3 and 7 days to assess bleeding and haematoma. Results: Patients treated with PRGF consistently exhibited a statistically significant reduction in post-extraction bleeding, hematoma and need for re-intervention. There is ample evidence that application of PRGF in the post-alveolar socket markedly reduced the risk of haemorrhage and associated complications in all patients. Conclusion: PRGF concentrate is recommended for the treatment of thrombocytopaenic patients due to its remarkable ability to stimulate healing while greatly reducing side effects, such as bleeding and haematoma. How to cite this article: Cocero N, Bergamasco L, Mozzati M. Oral Surgery In Severe Thrombocytopaenia Patients: A Case-Control Comparison of Platelet Concentrate Versus Platelet Transfusion. Int Dent Res 2012;2:33-36. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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13

Cruz, Lilian de Campos Marinho, and Rodrigo Bastos Daúde. "Etnomatemática e o Assentamento Rural Che-Guevara: pulsões de sobrevivência e transcendência no saber/fazer do assentado." REMAT: Revista Eletrônica da Matemática 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): e2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.35819/remat2021v7i1id4176.

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Este trabalho refere-se a uma pesquisa realizada junto a um grupo de assentados do Assentamento Che-Guevara, localizado no município de Itaberaí/GO. Objetivou-se analisar nas relações sociais (pulsão de transcendência) e produtivas (pulsão de sobrevivência) os pressupostos da Etnomatemática no assentamento Che-Guevara. Foi mediada pelos seguintes questionamentos: De que modo a geração, organização (social e intelectual) e difusão de conhecimentos, por vezes matematizada, imbuída de importância sociocultural e essencial para a permanência na desses assentados na região, pode ser observada/presenciada/compreendida? E a partir de quais instituições sociais, nas quais os assentados atuam ativamente pelo compartilhamento de conhecimentos e comportamentos compatibilizados que os identificam e caracterizam como um grupo sociocultural? Ao entender que nas atividades produtivas e relações sociais há troca de saberes e fazeres (por vezes matemático) perguntou-se nesta pesquisa: Quais os processos de geração, organização (social e intelectual) e difusão do conhecimento matemático no sistema cultural do assentamento Che-Guevara em Itaberaí/Goiás? Para isso, nos respaldamos em D’Ambrosio (2002), principal pesquisador brasileiro diante do Programa Etnomatemática e sistema cultural que se constitui pela pulsão de sobrevivência e transcendência, Bergamasco e Norder (1996), Medeiros e Leite (1999) sobre a formação de assentamentos rurais brasileiros e relações sociais, Bertti (2002) e Araújo (2005), que apontam os assentamentos como instituições formativas, além de Santana (2008) que descreve a história de formação do Assentamento Che-Guevara e a trajetória de luta dos assentados. A metodologia que estruturou a pesquisa baseou-se na Etnografia: observações e entrevistas. Ao analisar as entrevistas, percebemos que os assentados [...]

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14

Ciriacono, Salvatore. "Ivana Pederzani, Venezia e lo « Stado de Terraferma ». Il governo delle comunità nel territorio bergamasco (secc. XV-XVIII ), Milan, Vita e Pensiero, 1992, 470 p., Lires 72.000." Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 47-4, no. 4 (2000): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhmc.474.0831.

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15

Braunstein, Philippe. "Marco Tizzoni, Il comprensorio minerario e metallurgico délie valli Brembana, Torta e Averara dal XV al XVII secolo; Costanza Cucini Tizzoni, Le fucine da jerro e i magli da rame délie Alpi lombarde. Il caso bergamasco e lecchese, Fonti per lo studio del territorio bergamasco, XIV, Bergame, 1997, 560 p. - Marco Tizzoni, Il comprensorio minerario e metallurgico valsassinese, Materiali, Lecco, Musei Civici di Lecco, IX-X, 1998, 147 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 53, no. 4-5 (October 1998): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900045613.

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16

Riva, J., R. Rizzi, S. Marelli, and L. G. Cavalchini. "Body measurements in Bergamasca sheep." Small Ruminant Research 55, no. 1-3 (October 2004): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.12.010.

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17

Faganel, Tomaž. "Missa sopra la Bergamasca – prispevek k poznavanju ustvarjanja J. K. Dolarja." Musicological Annual 24, no. 1 (December 1, 1988): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.24.1.29-38.

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18

Anesa, Marino. "I morti nella narrativa popolare bergamasca." La Ricerca Folklorica, no. 12 (October 1985): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1479248.

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19

Goy, Richard J. "Reviews : Ivana Pederzani, Venezia e lo 'Stado de Terraferma': Il governo delle comunità nel territorio bergamasco (secc. XV-XVIII), Milan, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ISBN 88-343-0349-0, 1992; vii + 470 pp.; L.72.000." European History Quarterly 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569149402400208.

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20

Babicsak, Viviam R., Lidiane S. Alves, Miriam H. Tsunemi, and Luiz C. Vulcano. "Radiographic measurements related with the cardiac size in young female Bergamasca sheep." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 12 (December 2017): 1526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200027.

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ABSTRACT: In thoracic radiographic examination, routinely used in cases which cardiac evaluation is indicated, quantitative assessment of the heart is a useful role to be used in combination with subjective analysis. Numerous studies about objective assessment of the cardiac size have been performed in several species, including sheep; however, there is scarce information regarding cardiac parameters of young Bergamasca sheep. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the average results and suggest the range of expected normal values for parameters related to the heart size of young female Bergamasca sheep by radiographic evaluation. Fifteen healty 8 months-old female Bergamasca sheep (mean weight: 41.13±4.71kg) were submitted to right lateral recumbency thoracic radiography. The length of the fourth and third to fifth thoracic vertebrae, cardiac height and width, vertebral heart size, cardiophrenic contact, caudal vena cava height, aorta caliber and tracheal angle were measured and the mean results found were, respectively: 2.46±0.11cm (95% CI 2.41-2.52), 7.53±0.30cm (95% CI 7.38-7.68), 13.83±0.57cm, (95% CI 13.54-14.12), 8.99±0.37cm (8.80-9.17), 8.99±0.27 vertebrae (95% 8.85-9.13), 4.55±0.70cm (95% CI 4.19-4.90), 1.88±0.19cm (95% CI 1.79-1.97), 2.05±0.11cm (95% CI 2.00-2.11) and 14.36±2.73° (95% CI 12.98-15.75). Cardiac height and width and the sum of these parameters were compared to the length of third to fifth thoracic vertebrae, resulting in the respective mean values: 1.84±0.08 (95% IC 1.80-1.88), 1.20±0.05 (1.17-1.22) and 3.04±0.11 (95% IC 2.98-3.09). Ratios of cardiophrenic contact to cardiac height and caudal vena cava height to length of fourth thoracic vertebra were also evaluated and the mean values obtained were 0.33±0.05 (95% IC 0.30-0.35) and 0.76±0.08 (95% IC 0.72-0.81), respectively. Authors suggest that the values available in this study may be used as reference for normal heart size in young female Bergamasca sheep and as basis for further studies.

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21

Favalier, Sylvie. "La lingua facchinesca o l’illusione della lingua bergamasca." Italies, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/italies.8219.

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22

Paiva, Samuel Rezende, Vanessa Chaves Silvério, Andréa Alves Egito, Concepta McManus, Danielle Assis de Faria, Arthur da Silva Mariante, Sílvia Ribeiro Castro, Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque, and Jorge Abdala Dergam. "Genetic variability of the Brazilian hair sheep breeds." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 40, no. 9 (September 2005): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2005000900008.

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The objectives of this work were to investigate the genetic structure of the Brazilian hair sheep breeds and to determine the origin of the Santa Inês breed. Molecular similarity was determined using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction markers in 238 individuals from five naturalized sheep breeds: Santa Inês (48 animals), Rabo Largo (48), Somali (48), Morada Nova (48) and Bergamasca (46), collected in Goiás, Sergipe, Bahia, and Ceará States as well as in the Federal District. Fifty-four loci were selected from 19 primers, after a pilot test using 140 primers. Qualitative analyses indicate diagnostic markers for all breeds. All breeds were significantly different from each other. Interbreed differences were explained by 14.92% of the total variation. Santa Inês clustered with Bergamasca (97% bootstrap) and with Rabo Largo, composing the third member of the group (81% bootstrap) while Morada Nova and Somali breeds clustered separately. Each breed should be considered as a separate management and conservation unit, and special care should be taken with Rabo Largo, Morada Nova and Somali breeds, represented by small herds in Brazil.

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23

Budimir, Katarina, Massimo Mozzon, Marco Toderi, Paride D’Ottavio, and Maria Federica Trombetta. "Effect of Breed on Fatty Acid Composition of Meat and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Light Lambs." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030535.

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Lamb meat is the main product of Central Italy transhumant farms, where lambs are traditionally reared with their mothers on pastures and are supplemented with concentrates and/or hay from day 20–30 until slaughter. However, few data are available on the fatty acid (FA) composition of unweaned lambs reared by extensive systems in Central Italy. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of breed (Bergamasca, Italian Merino, and Sopravissana) on the FA composition of intramuscular (longissimus lumborum, LL) and subcutaneous (SC) fats of light lambs. Statistical analysis showed that breed had effect only on some FAs in LL muscle fat (C18:0, C20:0, C14:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:3 n-3, trans and conjugated linoleic acid isomers) and in SC adipose tissue (C21:0, C16:1, C18:1, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C18:1 trans isomers). Gas chromatography data in combination with a chemometric approach could have some potential to discriminate among breeds. Indices of nutritional quality of the lipids suggested that the meat of Italian Merino and Sopravissana lambs might have better nutritional quality than Bergamasca; further studies, involving a greater number of animals, are needed to confirm these early results.

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24

Susmel, P., and E. Piasentier. "Assessment of pregnancy in Bergamasca ewes by analysis of plasma progesterone." Small Ruminant Research 8, no. 4 (September 1992): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(92)90213-n.

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25

Dantas, Ariane, Edson R. Siqueira, Simone Fernandes, Eunice Oba, Vânia M. V. Machado, André M. Castilho, Márcia M. P. Sartori, and Roberta V. Santos. "Mammary artery Doppler ultrasonography of Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs under the influence of two different feeding plans." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 2 (February 2017): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200013.

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ABSTRACT: Blood supply of mammary gland is extremely important, since it is a crucial factor in the mammary tissue development. The objective of this study was to describe and assess main mammary artery hemodynamic characteristics of lambs with two growth rates, using Doppler ultrasound. Two experimental groups, A and B, (n=10) of female Brazilian Bergamasca lambs were kept under the same management conditions and facilities. There were two phases: Phase 1, from 90 days of age until onset of puberty; Phase 2, from puberty until 1 year of age. During phase 1, a specific diet was formulated to each experimental group to obtain two different average daily gains: 150g, for treatment A, and 250g, for treatment B. During phase 2, there was no difference on the diet offered to both groups. Every 14 days, all animals were weighed and their body condition score was evaluated. Every 60 days, ultrasound exams (Doppler) of mammary artery were performed to obtain resistance and pulsatility indexes. Treatment B lambs showed higher weight gain and higher body condition score (P<0.05). However, for resistance and pulsatility indexes, there was no difference between treatments (P>0.05). Hemodynamic values remained constant, independent of diet or body development presented by the animals. Obtained data is valuable information on Bergamasca ewe lambs development.

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26

Bergamaschi, L., and A. Martínez. "Parallel RFSAI-BFGS Preconditioners for Large Symmetric Eigenproblems." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/767042.

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We propose a parallel preconditioner for the Newton method in the computation of the leftmost eigenpairs of large and sparse symmetric positive definite matrices. A sequence of preconditioners starting from an enhanced approximate inverse RFSAI (Bergamaschi and Martínez, 2012) and enriched by a BFGS-like update formula is proposed to accelerate the preconditioned conjugate gradient solution of the linearized Newton system to solveAu=q(u)u,q(u)being the Rayleigh quotient. In a previous work (Bergamaschi and Martínez, 2013) the sequence of preconditioned Jacobians is proven to remain close to the identity matrix if the initial preconditioned Jacobian is so. Numerical results onto matrices arising from various realistic problems with size up to 1.5 million unknowns account for the efficiency and the scalability of the proposed low rank update of the RFSAI preconditioner. The overall RFSAI-BFGS preconditioned Newton algorithm has shown comparable efficiencies with a well-established eigenvalue solver on all the test problems.

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27

Emediato, R. M. S., E. R. Siqueira, M. M. Stradiotto, S. A. Maestá, and S. Fernandes. "Relationship between udder measurements and milk yield in Bergamasca ewes in Brazil." Small Ruminant Research 75, no. 2-3 (March 2008): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.11.006.

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28

Macchiavelli, Andrea, and Stefania Licandri. "Alla ricerca di una ricettività “low cost”: tentativi di risposta nell’area bergamasca." Rivista di Scienze del Turismo - Ambiente Cultura Diritto Economia, no. 1-2 (April 2014): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/rst-2013-01-02-macc.

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This paper analyses the growth of a low cost accommodation in Bergamo and in its province. The work presents four paragraphs and final conclusions. In the first two paragraphs we define the most important changes occurred in tourist behaviours in the last years and we describe the excellent performance reported by Orio al Serio airport thanks to the low cost flight policy. Nowadays the tourist/vacationer, who has a strong decision-making power, asks for new cheap solutions, essential services and short-break trips. In order to meet the needs of this new consumer the tourist market, especially in Bergamo, is in progress. Thanks to the low cost flight policy, during the last years international tourist arrivals at Orio al Serio airport increased, despite the recent world economic crisis. The results of some studies realised by University of Bergamo confirm that the international tourist in Bergamo is more and more a low profile tourist who searches for cheap solutions, but also good quality services. This means that he has little spending power, but he doesn’t give up travelling. For this reason in the other two paragraphs we illustrate the expansion of new hospitality accommodation in the city and in its province. If in the past Bergamo and its province lived thanks to business tourism, today the growth of Orio al Serio airport promotes new ways of tourist consumption. So in the last years this hospitality industry reorganised an offer based on particular strategies aimed at keeping low production costs. The rationalisation of human resources, the reduction of energy consumption, special prices policies, the use of Internet for promotion allow to keep and offer low costs and good quality. Thanks to all these new solutions the hospitality industry in Bergamo is increasing more and more her competitiveness, although a lot of problems persist in particular with regard to hotel chains and a culture of hospitality still closed and little innovative.

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29

D’Onghia, Luca. "Facchini in Parnaso. Noterelle sui testi “alla bergamasca” tra Quattro e Cinquecento." Italique, no. XXIII (December 15, 2020): 107–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/italique.743.

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30

Morales-Contreras, Gustavo Adolfo, Espartaco Sandoval, Luz Arelis Pino de Morales, Jairo Morales, and Delia Jiménez. "Nivel de infección por estróngilos digestivos de padrotes ovinos y de sus hijas como criterio de selección de ovinos helmintorresistentes." CIENCIA Y AGRICULTURA 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.3485.

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<p>Mediante el análisis multivariado de correspondencia lineal simple, se evaluó la<br />asociación entre los niveles de infección por nemátodos gastrointestinales, expresados en recuentos de huevos por gramo de heces (h.p.g.) y categorizados como Negativo, Leve, Moderado y Alto, tanto de las hijas agrupadas por padrote, como de los padrotes. El padrote de raza Bergamasca se asoció con hijas con niveles de infección leves o moderados, mientras que uno de los padrotes de la raza Barbados Barriga Negra, el BBN 1, se asoció con hijas negativas a la infección por estróngilos digestivos, y el otro (BBN 2), con niveles altos de infección de sus hijas. Al analizar cada padrote con sus respectivos niveles de infección se ve que el padrote Bergamasca se asocia con niveles moderados de infección, mientras que el Barbados Barriga Negra 1 (BBN 1) lo hizo con niveles de infección que oscilan entre leves y moderados. El padrote Barbados Barriga Negra 2 (BBN 2) mostró buena correspondencia con niveles de infección altos. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian una buena asociación entre los niveles de infección observados en los padrotes y el de cada lote de hijas separadas por cada padre. Conociendo que el recuento de h.p.g es una expresión fenotípica de resistencia frente a la infección por estróngilos digestivos, característica de índole genética y, por consiguiente heredable, concluimos que el padrote que expresó mejor capacidad helmintorresistente fue el BBN 1.</p>

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Sañudo, C., M. Alfonso, A. Sanchez, P. Berge, E. Dransfield, D. Zygoyiannis, C. Stamataris, et al. "Meat texture of lambs from different European production systems." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 6 (2003): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02092.

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Measurements of meat texture (Warner-Bratzler shear force, WBSF), compression stress at 20% (S20) and 80% (S80) of initial sample thickness, sarcomere length, pH, and sensory tenderness score were determined on the longissimus muscle from lambs from 22 diverse European lamb types from 6 countries. Carcasses chilled to minimise cold shortening. The types ranged from 1-month-old milk-fed lambs to 1-year-old heavy wether lambs reared on the transhumance system (extensive system based on moving animals from valleys to high mountains in search of seasonal resources). Overall, it seems that breed was more important in influencing meat toughness than age or gender. Within breed, there was some evidence of an age effect (the older the animal the tougher the meat), and nutritional handling was, in some cases, significant. The lowest WBSF values were for meat from 16-kg carcasses of pasture-fed animals of the Icelandic breed (average 1.7 kg) and the highest were for meat from 19–20 kg carcasses of the Bergamasca breed (average 4.1 kg). The two youngest types had the highest values for S20 (10.5 and 11.8 N/cm2), the compression value related to myofibrillar component. There was a very good agreement between panels from the different countries in the ranking of tenderness; meat from the Icelandic breed was the most tender and that from the Bergamasca breed the least, in concurrence with the WBSF results, with a significant relationship between tenderness and WBSF values in all the lamb types studied.

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Sirtori, Francesco, Aldo Dal Prà, Giovanni Brajon, Carolina Pugliese, and Riccardo Bozzi. "Meat quality of Suffolk and Bergamasca lambs slaughtered at 90 days of age." Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, sup2 (January 2009): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.546.

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Carneiro, H., S. R. Paiva, H. Louvandini, R. M. Miranda, and C. McManus. "Genealogical and population viability analysis of a conservation nucleus of Brazilian Bergamasca sheep." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 54 (June 2014): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633614000058.

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Pederzani, Ivana. "Parrocchie povere della Bergamasca tra antico regime e Restaurazione. Aspetti economici e disciplinari." STORIA IN LOMBARDIA, no. 1 (July 2021): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sil2020-001002.

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Attraverso l'analisi della struttura beneficiale della diocesi l'autrice ricostruisce i nessi tra vita religiosa e debolezza economica nella Bergamasca tra Sette e Ottocento in una varietà di situa-zioni locali. Ad eccezione di qualche rara zona o di importanti centri borghigiani, non manca-vano nella pianura, dominata da salariati agricoli poveri e analfabeti, cure mercenarie.- cioè con parroco salariato e senza un'adeguata dotazione beneficiale - di elezione popolare e con qual-che centinaia di fedeli o poco più. Esse erano più numerose in montagna e nelle valli quale esi-to della tendenza della popolazione locale a rendere capillare il servizio religioso costruendo luoghi di culto anche nelle frazioni più isolate. In queste parrocchie le comunità, che detenevano antichi diritti di patronato, per la nomina del pastore si erano viste spesso costrette a stipula-re contratti "a termine" con sacerdoti senza regolare investitura ecclesiastica. La debolezza eco-nomica rese difficile in età napoleonica applicare la riforma parrocchiale nei suoi aspetti eco-nomici e disciplinari e cioè in materia di dotazioni beneficiali, ordinazioni sacerdotali, concorsi vescovili.

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Passoni, Luisa, and Johanna H. A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert. "New taxa of fossil Carnian plants from Mount Pora (Bergamasc Alps, Northern Italy)." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 123, no. 3-4 (March 2003): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-6667(02)00226-9.

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Moroni, Paolo, Giuliano Pisoni, Giorgio Varisco, and Paul Boettcher. "Effect of intramammary infection in Bergamasca meat sheep on milk parameters and lamb growth." Journal of Dairy Research 74, no. 3 (April 24, 2007): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029907002506.

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Pooled milk samples from 115 Bergamasca meat sheep were collected aseptically five times from lambing to weaning to determine the prevalence of intramammary infection, somatic cell counts and milk quality parameters (protein, fat and lactose), and effects of infection on lamb weight gain. The global prevalence of subclinical intramammary infection was 51·2%. The Staphylococcus genus was responsible for the greatest prevalence (53·3% among infected udders). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 8·4% of infected milk samples. Infection status had significant effects on fat and protein percentage and on somatic cell count. Lamb growth was greatest for lambs of ewes with no infection and decreased as the number of infected samples increased. No significant differences were detected in the growth of lambs with dams infected by different bacterial species.

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Bergamaschi, Maria Aparecida. "Entrevista: Gersem José dos Santos Luciano – Gersem Baniwa." Revista História Hoje 1, no. 2 (April 9, 2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20949/rhhj.v1i2.44.

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Entrevista realizada por Maria Aparecida Bergamaschi em Pelotas (RS), 15 de maio de 2012, durante oII Fórum Internacional da Temática IndígenaGersem José dos Santos Luciano é doutor em Antropologia Social pela Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Baniwa, nascido na aldeia Yaquirana, no AltoRio Negro, Amazonas. Professor indígena, integrou o Conselho Nacional deEducação (CNE) e esteve à frente da Coordenação da Educação Escolar Indígena,no Ministério da Educação (Secadi/MEC).

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Garcia, Iraides Ferreira Furusho, Tharcilla Isabella Rodrigues Costa Alvarenga, Juan Ramon Olalquiaga Perez, Amelia Katiane de Almeida, Sarita Bonagurio Gallo, Idalmo Garcia Pereira, Nadja Gomes Alves, and Flávio Augusto Pereira Alvarenga. "Allometric growth of non-carcass components in crossed lambs." Ciência Rural 44, no. 7 (July 2014): 1229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130489.

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Males and females, including purebred Santa Inês lamb (SI) and crosses between Santa Inês dams and Texel (TxSI), Ile de France (IFxSI) and Bergamasca (BxSI) sires were feedlot finished and slaughtered at 15, 25, 35 and 45kg live weight. After slaughter, the following non- carcass components were weighed and calculated the allometric growth. Lungs of BxSI males grew faster than those of SI and TxSI. Trachea/esophagus in SI and TxSI males grew slower than IFxSI and BxSI. Kidneys BxSI males grew faster than TxSI and IFxSI. Livers of female TxSI lamb grew more rapidly than those of females in the other genetic groups. In both males and females, the rumen/reticulum grew faster in the TxSI group than SI and BxSI groups.

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Alì, Alessandro. "Romano di Lombardia: i valori molteplici di un piccolo capoluogo." TERRITORIO, no. 93 (January 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2020-093008.

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Collocata in prossimità di vecchi e nuovi tracciati infrastrutturali della metropoli pedemontana nella Bassa Bergamasca, Romano di Lombardia trae la sua originalità dall'incrocio di diversi valori. È una città ricca di storia e arte, con una sedimentata tradizione civica; ha una popolazione dinamica e articolata che produce servizi e lavoro; è un contesto urbano compatto che ha conservato una forma ordinata, anche dopo differenti cicli edilizi di carattere espansivo; è una città d'acqua segnata dal fiume Serio e da un fitto reticolo idrico superficiale. Le fragilità economiche e sociali della sua popolazione e quelle territoriali conseguenti alla profonda crisi dell'edilizia non impediscono a Romano di Lombardia di giocare il ruolo di capoluogo supplente per un vasto territorio tra le province di Bergamo, Brescia e Cremona.

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Longo, Antonio. "Arco Blu. Il paesaggio oltre i confini come strategia di ricomposizione territoriale." TERRITORIO, no. 93 (January 2021): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2020-093013.

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La partecipazione a un bando competitivo per progetti di miglioramento del capitale naturale ha offerto l'occasione per avviarne uno nella bassa pianura bergamasca che travalicasse i confini dei singoli comuni, sperimentando nuove modalità di governo. Denominato Arco Blu, fondato su un approccio pragmatico, consiste nella ricomposizione di un insieme di progetti locali di riqualificazione ambientale, da adattare e integrare sulla trama di un disegno territoriale e paesaggistico d'insieme che attraversa e connette le valli fluviali. La parcellizzazione iniziale degli interventi diviene quindi il punto di avvio del progetto, che per integrarli li modifica ed estende, coinvolgendo e responsabilizzando le singole amministrazioni. Si tratta di un progetto collaborativo che punta sia a conseguire risultati immediati, sia a creare le condizioni per una visione coerente di lungo periodo.

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Budimir, Katarina, Maria Federica Trombetta, Matteo Francioni, Marco Toderi, and Paride D’Ottavio. "Slaughter performance and carcass and meat quality of Bergamasca light lambs according to slaughter age." Small Ruminant Research 164 (July 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.04.006.

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Dal Prà, Aldo, Alessandro Crovetti, Francesco Sirtori, Giovanni Brajon, Aldo Olivetti, and Gustavo Campodoni. "In vita performance and slaughter characteristics of Suffolk and Bergamasca lambs at 90 days of age." Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, sup2 (January 2009): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.492.

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Dantas, A., E. R. Siqueira, S. Fernandes, E. Oba, A. M. Castilho, P. R. L. Meirelles, M. M. P. Sartori, and P. T. R. Santos. "Influence of feeding differentiation on the age at onset of puberty in Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 1 (February 2016): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8278.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate body growth and age at onset of puberty on lambs fed two specific diets for low and high growth rates. A herd of 20 Brazilian Bergamasca lambs was divided in two groups (n= 10) and kept confined throughout the experimental period, two animals of the same treatment/pen. Two phases were established: Phase 1, from 90 days of age until the onset of puberty; and Phase 2, from puberty onset up to 1 year old. For Phase 1, two distinct diets were formulated, being: Treatment A, which was formulated to obtain an average daily gain of approximately 150g; and Treatment B, for an average daily gain of about 250g. In Phase 2, a balanced, equal diet was provided to both groups. Every 14 days, the animals were weighed and given average daily gain, average daily dry matter intake and body condition score. From the 5th month of age on, in each group, a vasectomized male was used to detect estrus, establishing age at puberty onset and estrus interval for each lamb. Blood samples were collected every 28 days to determine plasma growth hormone concentration. Treatment B lambs gained more weight and had higher body condition score (P<0.05) and there was no difference for age at puberty onset and plasma growth hormone levels (P>0.05) between treatments. It was found that both treatments showed satisfactory performances. Thus, treatment A may be indicated as a reasonable feeding system to achieve positive responses on confined ewe lambs during growth phase.

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Kolling, A. P. M. L., G. C. Brilhante, J. Drechmer, L. M. Santos, B. D. M. Silva, and A. F. Ramos. "Relationship between superovulation and embryo production with ovarian follicular population before superovulatory treatment in Brazilian Bergamasca sheep." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 1 (February 2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12105.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the superovulatory response and embryo production of Brazilian Bergamasca sheep and to evaluate the link to the follicular condition before superovulatory treatment, as a reference for selection of donors with potential for superovulation. Follicular population of twenty-three sheep was evaluated by ultrasound during metestrus phase of the estrous cycle and divided into groups of low, medium and high follicular population. Subsequently, they were synchronized, superovulated with 133mg of pFSH, mated and subjected to embryo collection. The superovulatory response (9.0±3.3 vs 10.7±6.2 vs 13.8±7.1) and embryo production (4.0±3.8 vs 2.6±2.0 vs 1,8±4.0) were similar between groups (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the number of follicles during the metestrus phase and the number of corpus luteum with premature regression (PLR) (0.52) and a negative correlation between the recovery rate and PLR (-0.44) (P<0.05). The sheep that presented PLR had more follicles during metestrus (16.9±7.8 vs 12.7±3.2) and lower embryo recovery rate (38.8±29.3 vs 72.2±29.9) than those with functional CLs (P<0.05). Follicular quantification during metestrus phases was unable to identify donors with high embryo production. Animals with PLR had a larger follicular population during metestrus and lower embryo recovery rate.

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Morena, Marzia, Gian Battista Bischetti, Maria Luisa Del Gatto, and Anna Gornati. "Innovative management of rural buildings." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2017-0065.

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Purpose This study forms part of a larger project funded by Cariplo Foundation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the scope to exploit the full potential and upgrade the functions of abandoned or under-utilized typical highland Alpine pasture systems (made by a complex of grazing fields, buildings for temporal animal and human recovery and dairy production, identified as Malga system or Alpeggio), by adopting the property investor’s point of view. Design/methodology/approach This study has adapted the traditional property development processes to rural buildings, thus generating an analysis model that proves able to define a new destination of use whenever the project considers the reuse of existing facilities. Findings The proposed model analyzes the technological, functional and territory features of the building to be upgraded, to assess the technical feasibility of the changeover project and identify the highest and best use of Malga-systems. The model has been applied to all the Malga-systems in the Orobie Bergamasche Park; it performed a comprehensive assessment of the development potential of the Malga-systems in the same Park. Research limitations/implications The design of the model took into consideration the specificities of the Orobie Bergamasche Park; nevertheless, the method can be taken as an example to be applied to any grazing land in the Alps. Originality/value This research provides the real estate market with a new analysis tool that is specific for the rural buildings, and suitable to streamline the procedures designed to upgrade these properties and to infuse new life into the territories that are experiencing a period of hardship and/or decay.

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A S Natel, A. S. Natel. "Effect of inclusion of NDF in ration of Bergamasca ewes in lactation about the milk production and composition." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 2, no. 3 (2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0231923.

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Vola, Gabriele, and Flavio Jadoul. "Applied stratigraphy and carbonate petrography of the Arabescato Orobico dimension stone from the Bergamasc Alps (Calcare Rosso, Italy)." Italian Journal of Geosciences 133, no. 2 (June 2014): 294–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2014.11.

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Jadoul, Flavio. "The late Norian-Hettangian stratigraphic and paleogeographic evolution of the Bergamasc Alps. Geoitalia, VI meeting FIST - Rimini, 2007." Geological Field Trips, no. 4 (1.1)/2012 (2012): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/gft.2012.01.

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De Palo, Pasquale, Aristide Maggiolino, Pasquale Centoducati, Giovanna Calzaretti, Edmondo Ceci, and Alessandra Tateo. "An assessment of sire-breed effects on carcass and meat quality traits of lambs at the ages of 40 and 100 days from Comisana ewes crossed with Suffolk or Bergamasca rams." Animal Production Science 58, no. 10 (2018): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16673.

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The aim was to compare lambs at two different ages at slaughter (40 vs 100 days) and three breeds or crossbreeds including an Italian dairy breed (Comisana (Com)) and its crosses with the two meat breeds of Bergamasca (Ber × Com) and Suffolk (Suf × Com) with 20 male lambs per age per breed group. At both slaughter ages, crossbreeds were more productive, with higher liveweight (P = 0.02), carcass weight (P = 0.03) and dressing percentage (P = 0.04) than the Com group. Meat from the younger lambs showed lower C10:0, C14:0 and C22:0 (P < 0.05) and higher C18:1 (P < 0.01) concentrations, resulting in higher monounsaturated fatty acid (P < 0.01) and lower saturated fatty acid (P < 0.01) content. Moreover, their meat has lower redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*) values (P < 0.01). Crossbreeding dairy breed ewes with sires of high meat production breeds improves liveweight and carcass weight. Meat from younger lambs had lower intramuscular fat content and higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid.

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Vandecasteele, E., K. Melsens, D. Blockmans, C. Carton, F. De Keyser, E. De Langhe, B. Lauwerys, et al. "THU0367 INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS-ASSOCIATED INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN FLANDERS: A 12-YEARS COLLABORATIVE MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 415.1–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1182.

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Background:Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is the main cause of death in SSc and accounts for up to 30-35% of SSc-mortality (1-2). All SSc cases, irrespective of the extent of the skin disease, should be evaluated for ILD (3). The epidemiology of SSc-ILD in Belgium is unknown. In literature, the prevalence of ILD in SSc varies between 19% and 52%. However, different criteria were used to diagnose ILD (4). In 2008, Goh et al. proposed a flow diagram to diagnose SSc-ILD based on chest high-resolution CT-scan (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Their categorization into limited or extensive ILD has prognostic value (5).Objectives:To determine the prevalence and incidence rate of SSc-ILD in Flanders.Methods:Up to 12-year follow-up data of consecutive SSc patients were obtained by 2 Flemish expert centres (University Hospitals Ghent and Leuven). Patients fulfilling the LeRoy and/or ACR-EULAR classification criteria were included consecutively in the prospective cohort (6). Patients received HRCT at baseline and on indication thereafter, as well as yearly PFT. All HRCTs were centrally analyzed (Ghent) and patients were categorized according to the Goh criteria as without ILD, with limited ILD (limILD) or with extensive ILD (extILD) (5).Results:Between 2006 and 2018, 797 SSc patients (557 Ghent/240 Leuven; 22% limited SSc (LSSc)/59% limited cutaneous SSc (LcSSc)/19% diffuse cutaneous SSc (DcSSc)) had baseline HRCT and PFT. The baseline characteristics are depicted in the table. The mean age (SD) was 53 +/-15 years and the majority of patients was female (76%).272 SSc patients had ILD at baseline, implicating a baseline prevalence of 34% (272/797). The baseline prevalences were 35% and 55% for the LcSSc and DcSSc subgroups respectively. During a median follow-up of 39 months (IQR: 11-79 months), 44 patients were diagnosed with incidental SSc-ILD, resulting in an incidence rate of 21,0/1000 person-years (PY), 95% CI:15,2-28,1. The incidence rates were 21,7/1000 PY, 95%CI: 14,3-31,6 and 43.9/1000PY, 95%CI: 22.7-76.8 for the LcSSc and DcSSc subgroups respectively.Table.Baseline characteristicsSSc (n=797)LcSSc (n=470)DcSSc (n=149)age (years) °53+/-1554+/-1554+/-14♂/♀ *193(24%)/604(76%)109(23%)/361(77%)58(39%)/91(61%)Disease Duration (months) #for 718: 22 (5-72)for 443: 25 (5-80)for 145: 16 (7-52)LSSc/LcSSc/DcSSc *178(22%)/470(59%)/149(19%)follow-up (months) #39 (11-79)38.5 (9.75-81)44 (17.5-78)Anti-centromere antibodies§252/538 (47%)163/317 (51%)19/108 (18%)Anti-topoisomeraseI antibodies§119/519 (23%)66/297 (22%)45/112 (40%)ILD at baseline, *272 (34%)163 (35%)82 (55%)LimILD, *230 (29%)139 (30%)67 (45%)ExtILD, *42 (5%)24 (5%)15 (10%)New ILD during follow-up, §44/52527/30712/67°: mean +/- standard deviation, *: number of patients (percent), #: median (interquartile range), §= number of patients/total number of patients with available data (%)Conclusion:In an unselected cohort of SSc patients, a third of the patients has ILD at baseline which is in line with previous prevalence reports. Importantly, this is the first study reporting incidence rates of SSc-ILD.References:[1]Steen VD and Medsger TA, Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:940-4[2]Elhai M et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:1897-1905[3]Smith V et al. RMD Open 2019;4:e000782. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000782[4]Bergamasco A et al. Clinical Epidemiology 2019;11:257-73[5]Goh N et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1248-54[6]van den Hoogen et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2013;65:2737-47Disclosure of Interests:Els Vandecasteele Grant/research support from: my institution has received a research grant from the Research Foundation Flanders FWO), Speakers bureau: my institution has received speaker fees from Actelion, Karin Melsens: None declared, Daniel Blockmans Consultant of: yes, Speakers bureau: yes, Charlotte Carton: None declared, Filip De Keyser: None declared, Ellen De Langhe Consultant of: member of advisory board for Boehringer, Bernard Lauwerys: None declared, Yves Piette: None declared, Amber Vanhaecke: None declared, Koen Verbeke: None declared, Wim Wuyts Grant/research support from: my institution has received a grant from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche, Consultant of: my institution has received payments for consultancy from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche, Speakers bureau: my institution has received speaker fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche, Guy Brusselle: None declared, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: The affiliated company received grants from Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgian Fund for Scientific Research in Rheumatic diseases (FWRO), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and Janssen-Cilag NV, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Speakers bureau: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and UCB Biopharma Sprl

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