Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Berlin (Allemagne) – 19e siècle'
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Dauss, Markus. "Die architektonische Symbolisierung politischer, sozialer und kultureller Institutionen in Berlin und Paris (1871-1918) : Studien zur politischen Ikonologie öffentlicher Architekturen im deutschen Kaiserreich und der dritten Republik." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE4029.
Full textOur study tries to examine the role of public buildings in the capitals of the German Empire (Berlin) and the third French Republic (Paris) from 1871 to 1918. The urban space is therefore being considered as a crystallization of the national community and its construction of identity. Political history has since some time focussed on the study of collective identity and its symbolization. The approach we have adopted for our study is a crossing of this current of political history and of a more classical kind of history of architecture. It could be called political iconology of architecture in Paris and Berlin. Our study which tries to close this gap hopes to find its readers in both countries. It treats the following building types: Basilique of the Holy Heart, parliamentary assemblies, government and post offices, town halls, museums, churches and Synagogues
Tillard, Françoise. "Le monde de Fanny Hensel, musicienne berlinoise au XIXème siècle." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120054.
Full textLike her younger brother the composer felix mendelssohn bartholdy, fanny (18051847) was born in a bankers family in berlin. She was also the grand daughter of the german jewish philosopher moses mendelssohn. As gifted for music as her brother - so said goethe - she received the same education and became a remarquable pianist as well as an authentic composer. As soon as she emerged from childhood, she was told that the destiny of a woman was to look after her home. She married the court painter wilhelm hensel, an excellent portraitist, and had a son with him, sebastian. Inspite of the sadness brought on by her stifled talent, she continued composing - mostly lieder - and organising in her salon concerts which, although private, were considered important events in berlin. During a journey in italy, she was encouraged by the artists of the villa medici whom she met in rome. Gounod especially discovered through her bach, beethoven and mendelssohn's piano music ; his devotion to her made her aware of her own value. It was only a year before her death that fanny hensel decided to transgress her father's and brother's prohibition for her to publish her compositions. Good critics were appearing when she suddenly died in the middle of one of her concert rehearsals. Felix also died six months later from a cardio-vascular attack
Weis, Isabelle. "L'urbanisme berlinois et les Mietskasernen (1840-1914) : réalités, discours et représentations." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIML009.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the study of urbanisation which was confronted with industrial expansion and accompanied by a population explosion, raising a question of housing for workers. This study uses Berlin as an experimental locale for this process during the period of 1840 to 1914. The genesis of Berlin’s urbanisation brought to the fore a type of housing for the workers specific to the city : the Mietskaserne. This thesis relates the social and political debate which has placed the Mietskaserne at the heart of the social question and the rights to land use have to be changed. For decades, the rental house has dominated the urban landscape of Berlin, though it does not correspond to the expectation for a large and modern city as a social structure. The goal of urban planning is to create suitable dwellings, and only a comprehensive plan can achieve this purpose. Property speculation has caused deformation of the process of urbanisation in Berlin and affected administration of the city.General reaction to the Mietskaserne resulted in new ways of thinking about urbanisation of a city and the possibilities for creating new dwellings for the workers. These were inspired by ideas from the movements for the Lebensreform (new ways of living) and the Garden City, which characterised the new urban identity of the modern city. Berlin’s growth had to take into account cultural diversity, which obliged it to recognize new cultural contributions. The motivation for this thesis is to support the existing view and explore other ways to conceptualise urban and social structure of a city (in particular, Berlin), in order to built this unique city on collectiv identities
Olivier, Alain Patrick. "La philosophie hégélienne de la musique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010520.
Full textIt was mainly between 1818 and 1831, when he taught in Berlin, that Hegel became acquainted with the extremely rich, creative musical environment which is widely reflected in the courses on aesthetics of the time. The precise reconstruction of Hegel's musical encounters and their historical background bears witness to the importance of the phenomenon, within a corpus which has hitherto most often been studied from a purely systematic point of view. In this study, the link between expericence and speculation emerges all the more clearly since, for the first time, it is based on manuscripte of the various sources and not an the posthumous reconstruction edited by Hotho. Hegel's often paradoxical opinions reveal in fact a remarkably sound judgement as well as true originality (although because of the fact that he does not mention Beethoven, he seems not to have grasped the fundamental link between tonal and dialectical thought. ) At the same time, these opinions are deeply rooted in all of Hegel's thought. Indeed, music also contributes, in an exemplary manner, to the Hegelian vision, the componente of which are man as a whole, freedom, happiness and the infinity of life
Baillot, Anne. "Genèse et réception de la pensée esthétique de K. W. F. Solger entre 1800 et 1830." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082178.
Full textOur work, based on K. W. F. Solger's (1780-1819) manuscripts and posthumous editions, will enlighten the genesis and reception of his aesthetics between 1800 and 1830. After presenting his printed as well as his unprinted texts, we will describe how these are connected to one another and which concepts they let prevail. His intellectual biography will then be drawn from a historical enquiry stressing out his role in the University of Berlin between 1811 and 1819. A comparison between the different types of texts available today will finally point out the literary stakes of a work that has been left unfinished by its author and has been widely revised by its posthumous editors. This research has been mainly based on Solger's correspondence and aims at pointing out his relationships to his contemporaries in the Romantic and Idealistic Berlin
Allal, Marina. "Littérature et discours social : regards croisés sur la construction des altérités juive et féminine à Paris, Berlin et Vienne, de la fin du XIXe siècle à l’entre-deux-guerres." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030125.
Full textThis thesis examines literary translations in the light of anti-Semitic and anti-feminist representations which are analysed according to an expression of an anti-modernist cultural code. This code, which expressed a discomfort with modernism through a number of grand metaphors, underwent significant transformation throughout the period; this transformation is reflected in various degrees in literary texts, depending on their positioning in the literary field. In spite of country-specific developments, a comparative approach reveals profound similarities in this pan-European phenomenon. Whilst the connection between anti-feminism and anti-semitism can be shown to constitute a profound integral feature of these ostracist discourses, a consideration of the various dimensions of the social discourse allows us to highlight the particularities of the individual literary texts, their specific ambiguities and strategies of differentiation
Guillaume, Damien. "Les débuts de l'"agitation antisémitique" en France dans une perspective européenne : contribution à l'histoire de l'antisémitisme." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0198.
Full textThe beginnings of the "anti-Semitic" agitation in France in the 1880s – not only with the publication of Edouard Drumont's La France juive in 1886 but even earlier in the same decade – have been explained above all by national factors in the historiography. Yet, they coincided with various concerns about the "Jewish question" on a European scale, concerns to which the first French anti-Semites were extensively referring in their texts.This PhD thesis explores (in depth) the French reception of a European phenomenon during the span of a few exceptional years (approximately 1878 to 1884). By focusing on the European context this study reveals the gradual emergence, throughout the nineteenth century, of a "Jewish question" considered by the West of the continent as typically Eastern European. As such, the turning point of the 1880s was not only the moment when, first in Germany and then in other countries, this supposedly new form of anti-Jewish hostility arose, which was called by its actors itself "anti-Semitic". These years were also – especially with the controversies over the Jews of Romania at the Congress of Berlin and the international echo given to the wave of pogroms of 1881-1882 in Russia – a crucial step in the confrontation between two hemispheres, both geographical and thematic, of the "Jewish question."Thus put in context, the beginnings of anti-Semitic agitation in France were not limited to the emergence of a particularly radical form of anti-Jewish hostility, initiated by some more or less known polemists or rather marginal groups. These beginnings also confirmed the existence of profoundly equivocal attitudes among proponents of a liberal approach to the "Jewish question," that is to say, those who were most likely to defend the Jews against the attacks of their enemies
Lerenard, Mathilde. "Théories et pratiques éducatives dans le Berlin des Lumières : l'oeuvre de Friedrich Gedike (1754-1803)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30038.
Full textThroughout the political upheavals that had an impact on the European continent over the last three decades of the Eighteenth century, the missions, contents, methods and organization of the educational world were profoundly remodeled. Mainly restricted to an elite and focused on the humanities, education diversified and democratized itself and gradually became a public matter and a State concern which reformed its educational system and integrated a larger part of its population into the public and political sphere. On the eve of the Nineteenth century, the secondary education developed and changed under the action of governments, but also and especially thanks to the commitment of schoolmen. A case study devoted to the work of a Berliner pedagogue and man of the Enlightenment, Friedrich Gedike (1754-1803), and to the two secondary establishments he successively directed between 1779 and 1803, allows not only to extend and deepen knowledge of the Prussian educational landscape and the Berliner Enlightenment, but it is also exemplary on more than one account. It illustrates the creative initiative of schoolmen engaged in a profound reform of education and the Prussian society of the last two decades of the century. Moreover, it highlights the metamorphose of secondary-level education which stands out from universities and diversifies itself with inferior classes proposing a more practical teaching (Bürgerschule) and superior classes preparing for university while teaching humanities (gelehrte Schule). Progressively, the curricula of secondary schools began to propose a balance between linguistic and scientific teaching, but also between ancient and modern languages. The student population began to change: diversifying and democratizing itself. Merit imposed itself little by little as a form of selection and access criteria to higher education and power. Finally, this case study shows the politicization of educational debates and reforms. Through a reform of education, schoolmen and men of letters aimed at a deep reform of society: creating the conditions for tolerance, a real “living together” between social orders, confessions, corporations, and to a certain extent genders, replacing privilege of birth and wealth by individual merit. Moreover, secondary schools became places of learning about a vibrant political culture. Humanities training was accompanied by a citizenship training with an opening up to the modern world, to immediate history and to national and foreign policies. Intellectual curiosity, personal thought, critical thinking and a debating culture were encouraged daily among students. Prussian High Schools became a privileged place for the constitution of a public sphere that would dialog with the institutional power or get access to it, allowing the integration of a larger and diversified part of the population to take part in political decisions. This study demonstrates the importance and the singularity of Friedrich Gedike in the history of education in Prussia
Gougeon, Jacques-Pierre. "La Naissance de la vie politique moderne en Allemagne à travers la Gazette Rhénane (1842-1843)." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20019.
Full text"Die rheinische Zeitung" (1842-1843) has the advantage of gathering together the different components of the German opposition at the time of Vormaz : liberalism, radicalism, and, to some extent, on account of Moses Hess' contribution, communism abound economic questions (customs union, free trade, importance of transports, modernization of production machinery, and the part played by the state in economy), the newspaper has been-particularly through Lodolf Camphausen the mouth piece of liberalism. Die rheinische Zeitung has contributed to the promotion of that generation of liberals whose most influential members -by the way- were elected deputies in 1843-1845 and, for some of them, later ministers in Prussia. "die rheinische Zeitung" has widely expressed and put forwards claims for constitutional changes ; it has criticized the institution of provincial diets and asserted that the executive power should be controlled by a well-structured opposition ; it has stood up for the freedom of press and education, denounced the Christian state as a feudal system and reasserted the value of political parties as the basis of modern political life ; it has also ardently pleased for the national cause
Gaillet, Aurore. "L'individu contre l'Etat : essai sur l'évolution des recours de droit public dans l'Allemagne du XIXème siècle." Strasbourg, 2010. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D107.
Full textSome structuring categories of German public Law have been elaborated during the nineteenth century. The progressive organization of public Law remedies was an important step in the clarification of the legal relationship between the individuals and the monarchic power. The affirmation of individual public rights, as well as the doctrinal controversies on the topic, are an illustration of the quest for optimal balance between the Rule of law and the State power. These legal remedies, reflecting the initial form of constitutional justice and contributing to the establishment of the administrative justice system, are also characterized by the distinctive traits of the German legal culture. These outlines are structured around the rupture that originated in the 1848 revolution, as well as in its failure. Thus, the institutional conditions of the guaranty of the rights of individuals are successively characterized by the politicization of legal discourse, followed by the reduction of the idea of the rule of law to the purely formal sanction of the principle of legality. Although the general terms of this argument about the determination of the respective functions of the judge and the administration, as well as their relationship with the Law, are already clearly articulated during the first years of the nineteenth century, the scientific construction of German public Law and the establishment of an administrative justice system give them a new orientation. Subsequently the analysis of the origin and the signification of a first subjective conception of the administrative legal remedy is necessary in this context, as also in the light of the solutions developed in France
Escudier, Alexandre. "Le récit historique comme problème théorique en France et en Allemagne au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0027.
Full textBueltzingsloewen, Isabelle von. "Enseignement clinique et médicalisation de la société dans l'Allemagne des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20054.
Full textThis thesis is a social history of clinical practice in germany during the 18th and 19th centuries. This work takes into account the scientific and educational particularities as well as the social significance of clinical institutes. The university is the anchoring point of the study ; it radically evolved during the above period and was heavily involved in the emergence and speading of clinical teaching. However its resources were not sufficent to account for the special development of german clinical practice. Even from the second half of the 18th century, society played a decisive role, since clinical teaching seemed like an issue summoning up numerous groups with strategies which were sometimes inconsistent. This confrontation directly originates from society's processing, referred to historians as "medicalisation" ; also the development of clinical teaching reveals the existence of a medical market where the social demand allows the academic doctors to live in hope in their own promotion. The analysis of "recruitment" strategies employed by clinical institutes shows that medicalisation should not only be understood in terms of coercion and "aculturation", but should be seen as a movement from the lower to the upper social classes and also from the upper to the lower classes
Mity, Isabelle. "Le gouffre de l'espèce humaine : discours sur la dégénérescence dans les villes allemandes à l'ère de l'urbanisation (1850-1914)." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30041.
Full textCouturier-Heinrich, Clémence. "Les discours sur le rythme en Allemagne autour de 1800." Philosophie, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2012.
Full textMalacan, Joanna. "Lecteurs et lectures dans le roman allemand de la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10124.
Full textLehoux, Élise. "La mise en images, en livres et en savoirs de la mythologie classique : France Allemagne (1720-1850)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0174.
Full textHalfway between the history of archaeology, anthropology of knowledge and the history of books, this dissertation aims at understanding how knowledge is represented and transmitted through textbooks and illustrations in the field of Greco-Roman mythology. The study will focus on works published in France and Germany between the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. While the institutionnalisation of archaeology appears to be developping at a very different pace in these two countries, this period is also characterized by a change in the way Antiquity objects are studied. The pictorial representation of Antique and more specifically mythological remains is no longer based on the tradition of antiquarians, it gradually acquires a scientific dimension. These mythological representations thus allow for the development of more and more specific interpretations in the field of the newly-born archaeology. The present study aims at showing how little by little mythology and its reproductions become a scientific object for this emerging discipline. This research will explore different insights such as the materiality of this process, the interpretation of these pictures, the gradual construction of bibliographical traditions as well as the ways and places where these representations are used. The purpose here is to shed light on the development of archaeology as a science in the 19th century through the prism of illustrations in order to enable an enlightening
Girard, Odile. "Le Théâtre National de la cour de Munich (1818-1848) : étude du répertoire dramatique et de sa réception." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120043.
Full textThis work is about national theatre at munich court between 1818 ans 1848. We studied its drama repertoire during this period and its reception. The first one - the wittelsbach and theatre : history of a tradition - allows us to discover the interest taken by the bavarian sovereigns, century after century, in scenic arts in munich. With the enumeration of their personal contributions to theatre and opera development. The second one, the most important too, is entitled study of the drama repertoire from 1818 to 1848, analysis of the newspapers reviews, mirror of tastes. It aims to grasp the repertoire main aspects. So one part deals with german theatre in classical times with goethe, kleist, lessing and schiller as well as babo, collin, iffland, etc. A great part deals with the german theater in biedermeier times, another one with the viennese theatre at the same period. Then a last part is about foreign theatre whose most authors were adapted for the german stage. The mentionned theatre are french, english, spanish, italian and danish. In a third and last part, we approached the music and choregraphy styles in the repertoire : operas, ballets, entertainments, pantomimes, concerts and other manners. But we insist on the fact that this part was not dealt at the previous one. We simply approached it on statistics levels, as we did in the first part of the second chapter
Feder-Maurer, Marie-Thérèse. "La pensée européenne dans la "Regio basiliensis" au XIXème siècle." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to demonstrate the cohesion of three regions forming the regio basiliensis : the basle area, the southern part of the baden and the upper rhine (alsace) these regions have often belonged to different countries but share a common history because of their distinctive geographical location at the border of three countries at the heart of europe. The rhine is the vital link between them and the dialect which is spoken throughout the region has the same alemannic origin. The cohesion of the three regions survives the upheavals of political and cultural history and contributes to the feeling that the regio basiliensis should overcome national barriers and attain a european dimension. Three factors are essential for this development. Firstly the city of basle has always acted as a melting-pot for new schools of thought, thanks to its openness towards newcomers and the revival of its university. Therefore great thinkers like nietzsche, bachofen and burckhardt contribute to the main controversies of their time. Secondly the rhine plays an important role both as a political element and a theme dear to the european romantics. Lastly, thanks to its dual culture, alsace appears as the perfect mediator between france and germany
Savoy, Bénédicte. "Les spoliations de biens culturels opérées par la France en Allemagne autour de 1800." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081924.
Full textBretschneider, Falk. "Zum Verhältnis von Individuum und Institution im gesellschaftlichen Disziplinierungprozess des 18. Und 19 Jahrhunderts : das Beispiel Gafängnisse in Sachsen." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0101.
Full textThis study recounts the history of confinement, and of institutions of confinement, in a Middle German territory : the Electoral Principality, and later Kingdom, of Saxony. This study argues for a strong continuity between the reformatory in the "well-polices" State and the prison of the 19th century, with regard to modes of organising space and of treating detainees. It also refutes the idea that the philosophy of Enlightenment and the development of criminal law have decisively contributed to bringing about the modern sentence of loss of liberty. Furthermore, it analyses the process of "disciplinarisation", not as a homogenous project, but as a weak device with a faulty infrastructure that was constantly being challenged by the detainees' everyday uses of the institutions. It finally refutes the idea of a total institution and pictures detention sites as sites of life in which the institution never completely managed to dispossess detainees from their ability to act and re-act
Napoli, Paolo. "La "police" en France à l'âge moderne (XVIIIe-XIXe siècle) : histoire d'un mode de normativité." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA066.
Full textErbel, Marguerite. "Chronik und ideologische Spuren in der Zeitschrift "Die Gartenlaube" um die Jahrhundertwende : 1891-1913." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN21030.
Full textThe introduction underlines the importance of the study of newspapers, which have been reglected for a long time. A first digression depicts the magazine being studied, by showing the evolution of that kind. The "Gartenlaube" aimed at "entertaining by educating". It's the family-magazine which has known the greatest success in the nineteenth century. A second digression endeavours to define the notion of ideology, by analysing the various interpretations along the centuries ; it must be established whether the "Gartenlaube" conveys an ideology and if it does, which ideology it is. A first part establishes a comparison between a chronicle and the facts mentioned in the "Gartenlaube" and examines thoroghly three political themes : ideas concerning colonialism, maritime expansion and the social-democratic pressure, to reach the conclusion that the gap between historic reality and the "Gartenlaube" is widening. A tendency, studied in the second part, appears clearly : a rationalistic pressure which tends to join the future nationalsocialist ideology. The idealization of all that is germanic is found everywhere and brings about a "return to sources" : we condemn the industrial world to praise to the agrarian society. In order to keep this "sane" universe, the militarist spirit must be developed. By laying stress on the supremacy and the messianic duty of the German race, the "Gartenlaube" comes closer to the ideological bases of national-socialism. The last part shows the disproportion between the "serenity" which the "Gartenlaube" is refering to the real problems and emphasizes the fact that it defends above all upper-middle class positions. As a conclusion the "Gartenlaube" follows the politics of William the Second, by depicting faithfully "the upper-middle class" spirit of the period, showing at the same time the uneasiness of this society
Franchéo, Marianne. "La femme allemande au XIXe siècle : statut juridique et condition sociale." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040129.
Full textThis study in the field of German civilisation highlights the different ways in which women are represented in legal texts as well as the interactions between legal norms, ideological trends and social reality. It transpires that although the bourgeoisie represents only a minority of the population, the bourgeois model is taken as the norm and is alone given legal status. The conditions of women in all social strata are examined in relation to the laws enforced at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and to the laws and decrees published subsequently
Bonah, Christian. "Formation, recherche et pratique médicales en France et en Allemagne pendant la deuxième moitié du XIXeme siècle : comparaisons, transferts et contre-transferts : etude des cas de deux universites en province, strasbourg-nancy." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13273.
Full textHerlem, Didier. "Féminisme et antiféminisme en Allemagne : étude de l'évolution des rapports hommes-femmes du début du XIXème siècle à nos jours." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040105.
Full textConceived as a study of German society, the present work analyses the evolution of the relationships between men and women since the industrial revolution, and the parallel rise of a new social logic centered on the individual. It therefore enlightens both the specifity of the German reaction in front of the emergence of modern values, and the universal problem of having to reconsider the ancient codes: the respective role and status of men and women in society together with their functions in production and reproduction, the social discriminations and hierarchies, all show in a concrete and symbolic way how difficult it is for mankind to conciliate difference and identity. The sexual cleavage, one of the primary divisions of human society, is a good illustration of this fact. Even though it acts in an unobtrusive way - which is generally ignored, it emerges as a determining factor of history. The present research bearing on two centuries or so, is articulated on three main points: the ideological debate between feminism and antifeminism; the different policies of German governments till the time of reunification; the consequences of both these former factors on people's lives in their conditions of living, mentalities and behaviors. It reveals the singularity and intensity of the debates that agitated - and agitate - Germany, the astonishing range of the political measures adopted, and shows that the problem is still unsolved today. The German experience, alone of its kind and exemplary, leads us to ponder the validity of productivism as the law of the modern world and to appreciate the importance of some economic, ecological, and demographic problems which greatly influence the future of human societies
Samuel-Gohin, Véronique. "Les traités allemands d'architecture bourgeoise (Bürgerliche Baukunst) des Lumières à la veille de l'ère industrielle, 1750-1830." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS010S.
Full textA considerable number of architectural treaties were written in Germany during the second half of the eighteenth century. The most striking feature at first is diversity, as the authors can be teachers from universities and the recently founded Realschulen as well as administrators wishing to streamline the production of new buildings, and also philosophers. Interest for architecture thus acquires a social and collective dimension, and constitutes as such the best expression of a specific cultural group: the new German middle class, an intellectual and enlightened bourgeoisie, as revealed by some common ways of thinking architectural matters, to be seen in particular in every phase of the design process, from space allotment to technical and aesthetic aspects. These new referentials, typical of the German cultural area, are an early trace of the rationalism of nineteenth-century architectural theorists
Mathis-Haeringer, Odile. "Düren 1794-1848 : histoire interculturelle d'une ville de la rive gauche du Rhin sous les gouvernements consécutifs français et prussien." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA1069.
Full textDuring the first half of the 19th century, the city of Düren, situated between Aix-la-Chapelle and Cologne experienced a major disruption of its social and economic structures. Conquered by the French army in 1794, it was annexed to France in 1801. After the fall of the Napoleonic Empire, the southern part of the French territories on the left bank of the Rhine was allotted to Prussia. Compared to the Prussian conservatism, the political benefits of the French period, although they were a legacy of foreign occupation, became particular Rhenish features worth fighting for. The Rhine Province then became a cradle of Prussian liberalism and took a special position within the until 1848. The consecutive governments generated many transfers which led to alterations in existing structures or initiated a process of transformation. This study concentrates on the organization of the administration and the economy. Due to historic and economic traditions and specific denominational characteristics, the city was a particular context of reception for the transfers in these two areas. Thus, the proclamation of the French laws terminated the medieval guild system. The old structures were entirely replaced by new ones, to the advantage of a protestant community. This community had already been economically active and could now continue its advancement under the Prussian government in a transnational context of modernisation and industrialisation
Neveux, Marguerite. "Construction et proportion : apports germaniques (de la section d'or au nombre d'or) dans une théorie de la peinture française de Seurat à Le Corbusier." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010590.
Full textMid nineteenth century in Germany some scholars using science proceedings endeavour to found the beautiful on single and universal rules. They contend that the geometric figures possess the ability of expressing these rules. Out of the multiplicity of the proposed solutions Zeising's golden section will lead because of and with the caution security added thereto by the scientists G. T. Fechner and W. Wundt. In France there is a similar attempt undertaken by Charles Henry to developp a scientific aesthetics wherein the golden section will be privileged of an outstanding position. Ch. Henry is supposed to have made it known successively to Seurat, Purists, Ozenfant and Le Corbusier, and Severini. The golden section is also a part of the holy measures outlined by the sacred art school of Beuron whose theories inscribe their mark on Paul Sérusier and Maurice Denis. At last the golden section will be favoured by Matila Ghyka who shall describe its mathematical proprieties emphasize on its aesthetic qualities add a pythagorician esoteric meaning and create the golden number which shall thereafter remain solely used
Lerousseau, Andrée. "Philosophie allemande et destin juif : 1770 - 1850." Lille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL30022.
Full textIn the emancipation context of the european society, from the eve of the french revolution to the days following the 1848 revolution, the german progressive thinking, who claims to be the heiress of the reformation, prevents the integration of the jews in the modern society. By means of critics on the revelation and the religion, which clings to the social prejudice, the philosophy carries out the traditional christian antijudaism to the modern antisemitism, while ignoring the efforts of the jewish intelligentsia to make possible a dialogue where modernity could be inscribed. In a conspicuous simplistic approach of the jewish religion, this philosophy pretends rationalizing jew-hatred, bringing a scientifical-like guarantee. + judaism ;, the symbol of disfigurement and expression, for the non-jewish thinkers, of an exacerbated particularism, have to disappear in order for the humanity-redemption to happen. Far from being an epiphenomenon as it is often suggested, antisemitism is a true component of the philosophy of history and religion. Escaping any possible classification, it contaminates too the progress thought, and, from kant to young marx, there is no one philosopher who did not contribute to elaborate this + imaginary-jew ; accompanied by distorted scars. At the end, the exclusion of the jew is the reflexion of the aspiration of germany, becoming more and more assertive, to appear as the new + chosen-people ;, claiming to israel, on the grounds of the metahistory, the privilege of being the chosen-one
Pizanias, Nadia. "Les débats sur le Déluge au XIXe siècle : géologie et religion en France, Italie, Allemagne et Grande-Bretagne." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010560.
Full textCagneau, Irène. "Discours sur la sexualité à Vienne et à Berlin (1900-1914) : une analyse comparative." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030024.
Full textIf you want to study the discourses on sexuality in Vienna and Berlin between 1900 and 1914, it then implies to carry on researches in a double perspective. On the one hand, the question is to look at the diverse sources and accounts of this period in the socio-cultural, religious, scientific, legal, intellectual and artistic fields. On the other hand, the question is to compare two big cities of the German-speaking area, two sites of modernity : Vienna, the capital of a declining empire, an erotised city oscillating between tradition and modernity, dream and reality and Berlin, an expanding metropolis, a city of contrasts, both austere and fascinating, subjected to authority and strongly sexualized. In a first part, the institutional discourses made by the church, the science and the state about sexuality are analysed in this study along with the oppositions they raise, particularly in Karl Kraus’s writings and in the intellectual reviews of Berlin. Nothing is left at random : the sexual disparity is examined closely, classified and codified so that nothing remains out of control from the normative instances. In a second part, this work explores the literary and artistic universe of Vienna and Berlin and shows how the sexual disparity, yet carefully watched on, shows itself progressively or violently. If there are obvious contrasts in the way of showing sexuality in Vienna and Berlin, the artists have in common the expression of the human being’s anguish, unsteadiness and suffering in a threatened world
Hentschel, Dieter. "Economie et population à Karlsruhe de 1861 à 1945 : essor et fluctuations." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030062.
Full textStudy by a multidiscilpinary approach of the relations between economy and population at a local level. A special attention is payed to the reactions of industrial plants to surrounding economic ressorces and consequences upon labour market
Lee, Young-Ran. "Analyse des problématiques identitaires liées aux mutations sociales dans les peuples divisés : l'étude des conflits d'appartenance nationale chez les étudiants berlinois après la réunification dans la perspective de la réunification coréenne." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070001.
Full textThis work deals with national identity problems regarding the social transformation that German people have been faced with through the radical political changes before and after the German Reunification. The author analyses on one hand conflicts of national identity for East and West German people within the process of the reunification and their consequences till today, on the other hand she gives a perspective of resolution to these conflicts and in the frame of the construction of a common national identity. The author relies on a on a self-carried out qualitative research with young Berliner students who embody the generation after the "Berliner Wall", and considers the theory of socialization as an essential indicator who lends two regimes with opposite ideological organizations to shape very dissimilar identifications. A perspective to the Korean re-unification in the light of the German reunification is proposed at the end of this work
Zinkhofer, Sabina Maria. "Économie et nation : les deux visions de la pensée économique allemande, de F. List à nos jours." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0010.
Full textThe economic thought takes form, during the chosen period (from F. List, who elucidates the links between nation and economics, to present days) inside the specific political, economic and philosophical context of a nation not yet formed. The present thesis argues that in spite of roots in common, this thought can be divided into a dualist vision of economics and nation determinated by historical constraints, and a reconcilatory vision which progresses towards the loosening of these constraints and elaborating the desired order - one which seeks to equilibrate idea and reality, the spiritual and the material. Eventually, the different visions of man in history are responsable for the different concepts of economics and nation, the ways proposed to realise the desired society and the constitutional choices for its integration. This proposition will be backed up by the analysis of representative systems of economic thought : - first, the main philosophical aspects, to discern the ethical "stakes" of this thought : Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Nietzsche, the "neo - kantian and critical historical" philosophy, the School of Frankfurt, Habermas; - next, economic thought, from List to the period of national socialisme : Bismarck and conservative thought, list, Schmoller, Sombart, Weber (the historical school of "Nationalokonomie"), Marx and Bernstein, representing the two branches of socialist thought ; - finally, the theories of Eucken (the "ordo - liberalisme") and Glotz, representing contemporary social democratic thought. We shall examine the potential viability of the elaborated order models, especially by analysing the compatibility of the proposed concepts and the relation between the economic and political order. Their ethical foundations will be made clear to establish the link between the vision of man and that of economics and nation. The conclusion will regroup the analysis of the differents systems of economic thought into either a dualist or a reconciling vision
Peters, Christian. "Hauptstadtsymbolik und Architektur : eine Untersuchung zu den Formen politischer Selbstdarstellung in der Berliner Republik und im Paris der Ära Mitterand." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4024.
Full textDecléty, Lorraine. "L'Alhambra : le rêve de l'Europe : étude comparée de l'orientalisme en France et en Allemagne au XIXe siècle." Technische Universität (Dresde, Allemagne). Philosophische Fakultät, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4016.
Full textThis research aims to examine the orientalist architecture as a european architectural style, which style is rooted in the exotism of the 18th century and has flourished in the 19th century. The comparison of its architectural outputs in France and Germany - countries with very different political, economic, social and colonial histories - allows to capture the polysemic semantics of this style. This thesis endeavours to relate, in a chronological manner, the conditions of development and blooming of this style, as well as the range of its social and symbolic functions that contemporaries have attributed. The starting point of the research looks at the study of discursive and visual discussions about islamic architecture - the foreign architectures, slowly unveiled to the public, which strongly influences and inspires the definition of Orientalism. Therefore, orientalism represents the connection of two conceptions of Orient: a dream orient, fantasmagoric, identical in both countries and shaped by the features of the Alhambra; and a real orient, known and desired, linked to the european imperialism and displaying different characteristics in France and Germany. Finally, this style is a cultural means, elaborated by different social groups first aristocracy, then bourgeoisie in both countries) in response to the century's changes and mutations
Primi, Alice. ""Être fille de son siècle" : l’engagement politique des femmes dans l’espace public en France et en Allemagne de 1848 à 1870." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/117812757#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe period which begins with the « Spring of Nations » and ends with the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 is characterized by a number of profound transformations within French and German society. An increasing proportion of the population intends to contribute directly to the definition of “progress” and takes action to effect social change through revolution, representational voting, associations… Despite the diverse obstacles facing them, some women do participate in public debates. They wish to assert their modernity and their ability to act in a free and autonomous manner for the common good and in the sense of “progress”. They are thus in contradiction with the “feminine” identity which is assigned to them, and which is mandatory to their social recognition. Furthermore German women who want to contribute to the building of their nation must affect a gendered national identity, which adds to the heavy constraints already imposed on them. This confrontational situation brings these politicised women to criticise ideas of their contemporaries – liberals, democrats, socialists – who intend to continue along the route of “progress” without them. The relations of power brought to light by the interaction of these women with their male counterparts emphasise the limitations of the social and political restructuring projects whose unspoken objective is not to weaken the social order based on the patriarchal family
Dallet-Mann, Véronique. "Lexique et histoire des mentalités : les dénominations de la femme et de l'homme en allemand au XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040008.
Full textThe new economic and social imperatives of bourgeois society which forms itself at the beginning of the 19th century inaugurate a new distribution of tasks, due to the strict separation of production, which becomes incubent on man, and reproduction, which becomes woman's responsibility. Furthermore, the changes in the roles of the two genders contribute to an important evolution in designation of woman especially. If, at the turn of the 19th century, the change from the enlightenment model, based one quality of female and male rational abilities, to the ideal of a domesticated female nature subordinate to man determines the abandon of "frauenzimmer" in favor of "weib", which evoques the ideal of woman as a "mother, wife and housewife", the movement in favor of female emancipation produces the replacement of "weib" by "frau", whose semantic value is rooted in reality. Thus, the development of a new conception of the roles of the gender is followed by the choice of a denomination, which becomes the lexical incarnation of the female ideal in the new system, until, as a new theory emerges, it is rejected together with this model and becomes rapidly negative. There is another characteristic to the nomenclature of woman and man: man's lexical field is similar to its present form as soon as 1830, whereas its female counterpart constantly changes throughout the century. To a male role, which is quickly established and doesn't change any more, there corresponds one main denomination: "man". On the contrary, woman's denominations change according to the systems of thought which define her. Thus woman's claims and their entry in the public sphere have an effect on the lexis, which only then becomes similar to its contemporary form
Schneider, Hannah. "L’Église au péril de l’histoire. Les Histoires de l’Église françaises et allemandes au XIXe (1801-1914) siècle : usages partisans du passé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30072.
Full textThis study is based on French and German church histories of the 19th century (1801-1914) used by future priests or pastors in context of their theological education. By choosing a double prism for comparison - bi-confessional (Catholic and Protestant) and bi-national (French and German), the study focuses on the identity dimension and instrumentalization of ecclesiastical historiography and church history. The main difference between German and French Catholic authors is due to their educational training. While most German authors study in state faculties of theology, their French counterparts mostly study in seminaries and this difference influences the conception of the textbooks. During the first half of the century authors invoke so-called 'enemies of the church' mostly in a rhetorical way but during the second half of the century these invocations take on a more concrete character in context of state-church conflicts such as the school laws in France or the Kulturkampf in Germany. The content analysis did not only reveal controversies among scholars. In context of the First Vatican Council for example some controversies of history have a political or religious dimension as well.It emerges from the study of the chapters dedicated to the history of the ancient church that Catholic and Protestant authors are not always concerned about the same topics. Depending on the confession, the significance and the force of what we now call Late Antiquity is not the same.While this is not a priority for Protestant authors, most of their Catholic counterparts feel the need to justify and/or explain the actions of bishops of Rome such as Liberius or Honorius for example, or to insist on the instrumentalization of the topic by enemies of the church. The control of historical discourse produced by Catholic clergymen is to be understood as an interaction of several dynamics: control by the church authorities before and after a book is published (with exemplary censorship of certain books by the Congregation of the Index), publishing houses using ecclesiastical control to prove the orthodoxy of their books and reception by the press
Dornadin, Sylvie. "Le changement de structures de l'espace public berlinois (1990-2005)." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30011.
Full text"The structural change of the public sphere in Berlin" describes how the model of public relations became widespread in the communication of the city of Berlin and the enterprises located in the town after the German reunification. The author shows how PR-Departments has been created even in the smallest organisations and how new forms of public communication progressively appeared. Not only the practices changes but also the knowledge on which the communication is established : organisations use more and more expert techniques in order to produce their messages - the author shows how they spread from one organisation to another - and embrace new ways to treat and analyse information. By replacing these empirical observations into Jürgen Habermas's theory of the public sphere, the author shows that the changes occurred in the organisations located in Berlin has led to the emergence of new type of the public sphere
Fiegle, Thomas. "Von der 'Solidarité' zur 'Solidarität' : der Transfer eines politisch-sozialen Grundbegriffs von Frankreich nach Deutschland (19. und 20. Jahrhundert)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA119.
Full textThe word ‘Solidarität’ is part, in German, of the traditional key words in politics and society. But in spite – or just because – of its inflationist use in political and social discourse, the concept’s meaning is very ambiguous. In order to clarify the concept, it is necessary to reconstruct it from both a historical and a critical point of view. Such a reconstruction is impossible, however, if the genesis of the concept ‘solidarité’ in France, as well as the conditions and prerequisites of what we call the concept’s ‘transfer process’ from France to Germany isn’t taken into account. The present work combines therefore the method of the ‘history of concept’ (Begriffsgeschichte), as it has been developed especially by R. Koselleck, with the theory of ‘cultural transfer’ (M. Werner/M. Espagne). That allows to find a horizon of philosophical sense which the two at the same time distinct and interrelated ‘histories of concept’ have in common
Briatte-Peters, Anne-Laure. "Citoyennes sous tutelle : le mouvement féministe « radical » dans l’Allemagne wilhelmienne : présupposés, enjeux, stratégies." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1066.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to grasp the stakes in the « radical » women’s movement in Wilhelmine Germany. To this end, it works out the theoretical presuppositions and the strategies of action of this social movement. The goal of this research is to make visible the multiple forms of political intervention of women who were involved in their century. In spite of a context little favourable to the expression of a woman’s political opinion, the « radical » feminists longed to take part in progress and to contribute to answering the questions raised by the rise of modern times. How were the genuine feminist struggles of the « radical » women’s movement in Germany linked with its political project regarding the whole German society? This question sets the framework of our investigation. The central press organ of the title Frauenbewegung. Revue für die Interessen der Frauen, published by Minna Cauer during a quarter of a century, constitutes the main item in the corpus of sources. The analysis of the forming « radical » women’s movement places this social movement in its discursive context and draws first items of a strategy derived from social, ethical and anthropological stakes. Representations of state, citizenship and autonomy of the individual are hinted at in its first struggles and take shape at the climax of the « radical » women’s movement, where its main activists were striving to assert their right to be involved in deciding in Germany’s policies. The last part of this investigation analyses and explains the decline of the « radical » women’s movement before and during the First World War and points out the ideal legacy of this movement after its disbanding in 1919
Phal-Bellessort, Marie-Christine. "L'évolution du roman épistolaire au début du XIXe siècle en France, en Allemagne et en Angleterre : d'Oberman (1804) aux Mémoires de deux jeunes mariées (1842)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040236.
Full textThis thesis consists in a comparative study : its purpose is to present results and show how the epistolary novel developed at the beginning of the XIXth century in three European countries : France, Germany and England. In the course of her study, the author of this survey endeavored to raise a certain number of questions and bring out answers to these questions. In the first part, after a short historical outline, she made an inventory and examined the alleged disappearance of that type of novel. In the second pat, she wondered under which forms the epistolary novel had survived and whether a new definition of the genre was made necessary. At the same time, she laid stress on the limits, paradoxes and narrative options at stake. Finally, in the third part, the author's aim was to analyze the continuity of the genre as well as to study why it is so modern. Thus, she delineated the themes tackled in the epistolary novels; she studied now these themes adjusted to the new forms of the novel, such as the historical novel and the private diary. She also defined the part they played in the emergence of new modes of writing such as the monologue. The epistolary novel is a genre which has kept changing and moving. It evolved thanks to its multifarious Romanesque forms. The XIXth century novelists succeeded in the epistolary novel. It is much later, at the beginning of the century that this mode of writing would be operated by writers, as a literary technique in itself. Even if it is impossible to ignore the fact that the epistolary novel wasn't equally successful in France and England in the one hand, and in Germany on the other hand, it can't be denied that it lived through the whole romantic period and that this very ability to resist enabled the genre to live to this day
Malkani, Fabrice. "Carl August von Eschenmayer (1768-1852) et la Naturphilosophie. Contribution à l'histoire des idées en Allemagne à l'époque romantique." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL205.
Full textThis thesis has a double aim. On the one hand, I tried to present as systematically as possible the life and work of a authentic awakener of minds, a physician and a philosopher who is often mentioned but remains quite unknown, and to establish his influence upon the German romantic literature and the philosophy of german idealism. On the other hand, I intended to reconsider the statute of Naturphilosophie in the history of ideas and sciences. Eschenmayer's work was inspiring in his time and is also representative of his age. I payed particular attention to the fact that naturphilosophie is, above all, like aristoteles golden mean, a search for the middle term. The dynamism that is generated by the mediation of the opposite terms leads, according to an evolution that is determined at the outset, from the exact sciences, through philosophy of history, psychology, philosophy of law, animal magnetism and philosophy of religion, to a religious Naturphilosophie. After a study of the man and his environment (part one), I considered successively (part two): 1. The foundations of metaphysics of nature, as a middle term between positive sciences and transcendental philosophy; 2. The formulation of the outlines of a philosophy of history and of a philosophy religion, which set the absolute on the junction-point of knowledge and "unknowledge"; 3. The elaboration of a psychology on the confluence of medicine, philosophy and natural sciences, considering soul as a mediator between material and spirit; 4. The principales of a philosophy of law according to the Naturphilosophie, praising constitutionalism as a balance between tyranny and anarchy; 5. The elucidation of the phenomena of animal magnetism, appearing as a madiation between visible and invisible world; 6. Naturphilosophie itself, seen as a reconciliation between philosophy of nature and philosophy of religion
Monod, Jean-Claude. "La querelle de la sécularisation : un parcours dans la philosophie allemande, de Hegel à Blumenberg." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100120.
Full textSoleymani, Dagmar. "Les échanges commerciaux entre la France et les États allemands : 1834-1869." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040109.
Full textThe trade between France and Germany in the mid-19th century expresses the passage from traditional to industrial society. The generalization of machinery and the transport revolution determined the evolution of the foreign exchange characterized by the bigger sale of traditional goods and by the conquest of new markets with new products. This diversity and the growing mobility of goods and persons contributed towards the progress of trade unknown till then
Dewitz, Jean. "Théâtre et conscience identitaire en Bavière : le Volkstheater à Munich (1850-1914)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040217.
Full textIn Munich, the roots of the Volkstheater ("people's theatre") are anchored in a tradition profoundly marked by both the counter-reform and the aufklarung, as well as reactions to the latter. In the 1850s, thanks to the drama by F. Prüller set in the mountains, suburban theatres had become the bastion of a particularism which was attempting to preserve the Christian values of "old Bavaria", and defend the autonomy of the kingdom of Wittelsbach from cultural invasion by the "north". In 1865 they had to give way to a prestige establishment, the symbol of a bourgeoisie laying claim to its own cultural domain, and this phase heralded the dislocation of "theatre for all" in Munich. The "popular" spectacle was not to be spared from the confrontations engendered by resolution of the German issue and the Kulturkampf, but assertion of identity, as symbolised by dynastic figures, and then even more so by the peasant hero and the Haberfeldtreiben, that popular tribunal of mores, was ever-present. By disseminating throughout the Germanic domain the image of an ever-rural Bavaria, the Gebirgsschauspiel was a public refusal of a modern world which was simultaneously destroying inherited values and yet, in its own way, contributing to the struggle for cultural supremacy between berlin and Munich. The 1890s, with the emergence of authors influenced by naturalism, were to signal the end of the celebration of old myths. J. Ruederer and l. Thoma mark the culmination of the literisation process of the "popular" spectacle: they are active in the artistic trends of their time, adapting old themes to social and political reality in works aimed at elite establishments. They transcend the Bavarian horizon and herald the critical popular drama, yet at the same time assert the specificity of a "south" with Munich and Bavaria as its main pole
Garner, Guillaume. "La représentation de l'espace dans le discours économique allemand : 1740-1820." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070054.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study how the transition between cameralism (the german form of mercantilism) and economic liberalism corresponds in Germany to the transition between a discourse which analyses the economic phenomenons from the political notion of territory and the liberal political economy which is founded on the "market space" concept and a reduction of the state's intervention. The analysis of the sources (i. E. Treatises of cameral sciences, of political economy, textbooks of statistics and geography) reveals a non-linear evolution. The cameralism emphasizes the notion of territory in its discourse, in order to analyse the economic processes and to set forth program aiming at the economic development of territories. In opposition to cameralism, the economic liberalism period of the 1790-1820's years sets the priority on the more abstract notion of "market space", which is the space formed by the action of market mechanisms. This market space can be analysed with the principles of Adam Smith which are universal and which abstract in consequence the political boundaries. However the liberal discourse is ambiguous because it shows between 1810 and 1820 a growing interest for the notion of territory, because of the political and economic situation of Europe during this period
Todorov, Nicola Peter. "Le département de l'Elbe du royaume de Westphalie de 1807 à 1813-14." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010680.
Full textMarin, Séverine-Antigone. "L’apprentissage de la mondialisation : les milieux économiques allemands face à la réussite américaine (1876-1914)." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040209.
Full textThis work aims at understanding how the German learned to deal with the globalization at the end of the XIXth Century. The German industrialists sought to take advantage of the new opportunities provided by foreign markets and facilitated by the new economic information overflow. For their part, experts and economists tried to explain the mecanisms of a world where industrial revolution was ever more widespread. They wanted to define where Germany should stand and what role it should play in this new environment where comparative advantages are always short-lived. These efforts, made by German economic circles, are analysed in the context of growing rivalry with the United States – whose development in the industry as well as in the agriculture made for an utmost interesting example for the Germans