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Journal articles on the topic 'Berlin, Allemagne, Question de (1945- )'

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1

Schirmann, Sylvain. "L’Allemagne et l’Europe à travers la Revue d’Allemagne." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 41, no. 4 (2009): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2009.6306.

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Les rapports entre l’Allemagne et l’Europe sont très complexes. Puissance dominante à la veille du premier conflit mondial, le Reich allemand doit momentanément s’effacer dans les années vingt, avant de renouer avec une nouvelle tentative hégémonique dans les années nationales-socialistes. Ce faisant, les responsables allemands n’ont pas joué la carte de la sécurité européenne à travers l’européanisation de la question allemande, comme le préconisaient certains intellectuels. Cette voie est suivie après 1945. Elle permet de retrouver souveraineté et rang en Europe. Depuis la fin du siècle dern
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2

Camarade, Hélène. "Le viol des femmes allemandes en 1944‑1945 : Un tabou transgressé dans les journaux intimes et les romans ?" Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire 113 (2012): 99–111. https://doi.org/10.4000/13rit.

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Lors de sa première édition en 1959, le journal intime anonyme Eine Frau in Berlin, écrit par une journaliste berlinoise entre avril et mai 1945 qui fait état des viols massifs perpétrés par les soldats russes à Berlin et des stratégies mises en place par les femmes pour les éviter, suscita la désapprobation des critiques. Sa réédition en 2003 fut saluée par la presse et l’ouvrage, autrefois tant décrié, devint un véritable succès de librairie, aussitôt traduit dans d’autres langues. L’argument avancé pour expliquer ce succès fut alors que le tabou des viols des femmes allemandes était désorma
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Goepper, Sibylle. "La judéité dans les romans de Barbara Honigmann et Jan Faktor : tabou dépassé, identité refondée." Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire 113 (2012): 88–98. https://doi.org/10.4000/13riv.

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Dans le contexte de la chute du mur de Berlin et de la réunification allemande, nombreux sont les écrivains socialisés en RDA qui thématisent pour la première fois de manière vraiment ouverte leurs racines juives. Durant quarante ans, l’État socialiste a en effet vécu sur un paradoxe : celui-ci consistait à accueillir de nombreux citoyens d’origine juive, à les compter au rang de « victimes du fascisme », à leur offrir des postes clés, tout en les rendant invisibles à la société en tant que tels. À ce propos, Vincent von Wroblewsky parle de « perception bloquée, presque secrète, honteuse ». C’
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Kichelewski, Audrey. "Laurence Duchaine-Guillon, La vie juive à Berlin après 1945. Entre Est et Ouest." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 45, no. 2 (2013): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/allemagne.1812.

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5

Dessberg, Frédéric. "La Roumanie et la Pologne dans la politique soviétique de la France : la difficulté d’établir un « front uni »." Revue Historique des Armées 244, no. 3 (2006): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.244.0060.

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De 1924 à 1935, les relations entre la France, la Roumanie et la Pologne vis-à-vis de l’Union soviétique sont marquées par la volonté française d’asseoir son influence en Europe centre-orientale. Paris entend maintenir une unité de front entre ses deux alliés dans le but de forger une force dissuasive face à l’Est et d’éviter toute implication directe dans la région. L’unité polono-roumaine doit également permettre de tenir Berlin et Moscou éloignées l’une de l’autre. De 1924 au protocole Litvinov de 1929, Paris mène un jeu complexe consistant à soutenir ses alliés en évitant toute tension ave
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Bonniot, Béatrice. "Occupation et représentation culturelle française en Allemagne. La réouverture de l’Institut français de Berlin après la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-1955)." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 36, no. 3 (2004): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2004.5810.

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Né de la fusion de facto du Centre culturel français de Berlin et de la Mission culturelle française à Berlin, deux initiatives de l’après-guerre aux priorités pourtant différentes, l’Institut français de Berlin voit le jour en 1952, Il s’affirme comme le vecteur d’une politique culturelle qui, peu à peu, ne se veut plus celle de l’occupant, mais à laquelle doivent désormais présider les notions d’échange, voire de partenariat. Cet article se propose d’étudier comment, durant les dix années qui ont suivi la fin du second conflit mondial, les services culturels français ont posé à Berlin les ba
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7

Briatte, Anne-Laure. "Viols en zone française d'occupation en Allemagne : La reconnaissance en question (1945-1972)." Histoire, Europe et relations internationales N° 4, no. 2 (2024): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/heri.004.0161.

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8

Crélot, Manon. "L’impact de la guerre sur le(s) corps écolier(s) en Allemagne nazie (1936-1945)." Sociétés & Représentations 58, no. 2 (2024): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sr.058.0077.

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Cette contribution propose d’interroger l’impact de la guerre sur le corps écolier en Allemagne nazie, ou, plutôt, sur les corps des écoliers et des écolières, plus particulièrement dans le domaine de l’enseignement sportif. La périodisation choisie permet d’envisager la question à la fois sous l’angle de la préparation de la guerre, l’année 1936 constituant à cet égard un jalon important avec le lancement du plan de quatre ans, et sous l’angle de la gestion de la guerre et de ses conséquences à partir de 1939. Par le croisement de sources centrales, régionales et locales, cette contribution e
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9

Weiss, Stéphane. "Un revers pour le général de Lattre de Tassigny : la formation inaboutie de la 14 e division d’infanterie en 1945." Revue historique 706, no. 2 (2023): 205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhis.232.0205.

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À la fin de l’année 1944, la libération de la majeure partie de la France ouvrit la perspective d’un vaste programme français de réarmement. Parmi les dix divisions dont la création fut planifiée, l’une fut confiée à la 1 re armée française, alors engagée en Alsace. La constitution de cette division s’inscrivit dans le processus d’amalgame des Forces françaises de l’intérieur (FFI) au sein des formations du général de Lattre de Tassigny. Ce dernier en fit une question personnelle et lui attribua le nom de la division qu’il avait commandée en 1940 : la 14 e Division d’infanterie. Son organisati
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Lefèvre, Sylvie. "La politique industrielle des Soviétiques dans leur zone d’occupation en Allemagne vue par les services français à Berlin (1945-1949)." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 32, no. 1 (2000): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2000.5573.

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The industrial policy carried out by the Soviets in their occupation zone in Germany between 1945 and 1949 particularly drew the attention of the economic departments of the French military Government in Berlin. Despite the contradictory nature of the information received, their numerous dispatches and notes, often unpublished, attempted to analyse the different aspects : the administrative and political planning structures, the evolution of methods from the dismantlings to the complete reorganization of German industry. If the French observers understood perfectly certain contradictions of th
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11

Larose, Martin, Benoît Lemay, and Paul Létourneau. "L’ Allemagne entre la défense d’une identité occidentale et d’une identité germano-européenne." Études internationales 35, no. 1 (2004): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008450ar.

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Résumé Cet article met en lumière la problématique de l’identité de l’Allemagne et de sa politique de sécurité lors des crises au Kosovo, en Afghanistan et en Irak. Dans ces trois cas, les dirigeants de la rfa ont cherché à préserver une identité allemande et européenne. Au Kosovo et en Afghanistan, la défense de celle-ci allait de pair avec la préservation d’une identité occidentale mise de l’avant par les États-Unis. Dans la question irakienne par contre, ces deux identités ne semblaient pas compatibles aux yeux des responsables politiques de Berlin qui, en conséquence, se distancèrent de la
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12

Lilienthal, Georg. "The illegitimacy question in Germany, 1900–1945: Areas of tension in social and population policy." Continuity and Change 5, no. 2 (1990): 249–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000004008.

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Trois points emmergent des discussions sur les problèmes d'illégitimité en Allemagne pendant la première moitié du vingtième siècle: la définition légale de la femme non mariée et de son enfant, leur intégration dans des programmes d'assistance sociale et le rapport avec la politique démographique. Ces trois points ont constamment déterminé la vie de la femme non mariée et de son enfant. Les changements de systèmes politiques ont seulement eu pour effet de donner plus d'importance à l'une ou l'autre de ces questions. Pendant le Reich de Guillaume III, une loi sur l'illégitimité a été vot)ée, q
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13

Joly, Laurent. "Un Français en Allemagne : le commissaire Louit, des geôles de la Gestapo au Comité français de rapatriement (Berlin, 1942-1945)." Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains N°274, no. 2 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gmcc.274.0047.

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14

Salas, Denis. "Céline ou le martyr de la collaboration." Les Cahiers de la Justice N° 3, no. 3 (2023): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdlj.2303.0531.

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Résumé En juillet 1944, Céline quitte Paris pour se réfugier au Danemark où il arrivera non sans mal en mars 1945. Au cours de cette longue fuite, il traverse une Allemagne sous les bombes, séjourne à Baden-Baden, se réfugie à Sigmaringen où se trouvent Pétain et Laval. Un leitmotiv domine l'écriture torrentielle des trois récits qui composent la trilogie allemande, son œuvre ultime consacrée à cette période (D'un Château l'autre, Nord, Rigodon) et dont il est question dans cet article : se défendre coûte que coûte contre l'injuste accusation qui, selon lui, le poursuit. De ces pages brûlées a
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15

Defrance, Corine. "Les relations politiques entre la France et la Bavière (1945-1949)." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 38, no. 3 (2006): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2006.5899.

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Dès la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les liens furent rapidement renoués entre ta France et la Bavière, située en zone américaine d’occupation. Les relations franco-bavaroises ressortaient marginalement de la politique d’occupation (cercle de Lindau et Palatinat) et, fondamentalement, de la question de la future organisation politique de l’Allemagne. Les deux parties souhaitaient une Allemagne aussi décentralisée (confédérale) que possible. Cependant, en raison de l’antagonisme croissant entre les blocs, le gouvernement français devint plus soucieux de préserver le front commun avec ses a
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16

Magadeev, I. E. "Relations between Paris and Berlin in the 1920s in Light of the First World War." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(37) (August 28, 2014): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-35-44.

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The central question of the article - how the long-term consequences of the First World War influenced the French foreign policy in relation to Germany in the 1920s. Basing on the archival and published French diplomatic sources the author analyses the French political course after 1918 and after 1945 in the comparative way with the attention to the elements of continuity and change in the Paris' conception relating to the over-Rhine neighbor.
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17

Assmann, Carla. "The emergence of the car-oriented city: Entanglements and transfer agents in West-Berlin, East-Berlin and Lyon, 1945–75." Journal of Transport History 41, no. 3 (2020): 328–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526620945105.

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It is well known how the planning model of a “car-oriented city” was common among Western experts in the post-Second World War period, but here we claim this approach was common in both sides of divided Berlin. Investigating East- and West-Berlin’s reconstruction, here we analyse the relationship between the transnational sphere of circulation and its local realisations. Focusing on the leading figures of urban planning in West- and East-Berlin (who acted as “transfer agents”, participating in the transnational discourse) let us to better frame Berlin’s urban history in the 1960s and 1970s. Th
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18

FRØLAND, HANS OTTO. "Distrust, Dependency and Détente: Norway, the Two Germanys and ‘the German Question’, 1945–1973." Contemporary European History 15, no. 4 (2006): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777306003511.

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This article highlights the extent to which Norway's policies towards the two Germanys and ‘the German question’ were anchored in its perception of ‘the German problem’. While the Cold War overshadowed Norway's relations with the GDR, ‘the German problem’ prevailed in its relations with the FRG well into the 1960s. Norwegian dependence nevertheless forced it to support West German reconstruction, rearmament and sovereignty. Relations with Bonn were a perennial political minefield. While Norway loyally followed NATO's restrictive policy towards the GDR, from the early 1960s politicians saw that
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Bertrand, Sébastien. "L’Ordre de Saint-Jean en Allemagne (1918-1945). La tradition en question – une confrérie de chevaliers entre république et dictature." Revue de l’Institut français d’histoire en Allemagne, no. 1 (September 30, 2009): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ifha.363.

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20

Dumouchel, Daniel. "Entre métaphysique et esthétique." Dossier. La philosophie à l’Académie de Berlin au XVIIIe siècle 42, no. 1 (2015): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032217ar.

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Le nom de Johann Georg Sulzer reste attaché à la naissance de l’esthétique philosophique en Allemagne, principalement à travers son oeuvre majeure, la Théorie générale des beaux-arts (1771-1774). Il s’agira de montrer ici comment ce membre influent de la classe de philosophie spéculative de l’Académie de Berlin, fortement influencé par la pensée de Leibniz et de Wolff, mais également très attentif aux particularités psychopathologiques de l’esprit humain et aux composantes corporelles de l’activité psychique, prétend fournir une assise métaphysique à la théorie du beau en la fondant sur ce que
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Meng, Michael. "East Germany's Jewish Question: The Return and Preservation of Jewish Sites in East Berlin and Potsdam, 1945–1989." Central European History 38, no. 4 (2005): 606–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916105775563544.

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InSeptember 1950, Julius Meyer, head of the State Association of Jewish Communities in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), sent a letter to the Finance Ministry inquiring about the current state of Jewish communal property. Throughout the immediate postwar years, he and other Jewish leaders had requested, though with little success, the return of Jewish property and assistance to rebuild Jewish sites. With the occupation now over, Meyer hoped that the newly formed East German state might be sympathetic to the needs of theGemeinde(a religious community of Jews). He noted that the Jewish commu
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Mahlmann, Matthias. "The Basic Law at 60 – Human Dignity and the Culture of Republicanism." German Law Journal 11, no. 1 (2010): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001840x.

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The German Basic Law is a resilient constitution. It has proved able to cope with both the new beginning of the constitutional tradition in Germany after the cataclysm of 1945 and German reunification after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. To be sure, there is reason for some critical reflection concerning concrete questions and even fundamental issues—not the least of which is the question whether German reunification should have been marked by a process of constitutional self-reflection and renewal beyond what has been done. All in all, however, the Basic Law is, in historical perspectiv
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Jankowski, James. "Thomas Mayer, Egypt and the Palestine Question. 1936–1945, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, Band 77 (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1983). Pp. 391." International Journal of Middle East Studies 17, no. 4 (1985): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800029548.

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Maspero, Julia. "La question des personnes déplacées polonaises dans les zones françaises d'occupation en Allemagne et en Autriche : un aspect méconnu des relations franco-polonaises (1945-1949)." Relations internationales 138, no. 2 (2009): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ri.138.0059.

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Valon, Philippe. "Mise en perspective de la pensée de James et Eileen Brockman Goggin à partir de leur livre : Mort d’une science juive, la psychanalyse durant le III e Reich." Revue française de psychanalyse Vol. 88, no. 1 (2024): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.881.0147.

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Il s’agit d’un livre portant sur la psychanalyse en Allemagne entre 1933 et 1945 et après, publié en 2001, non traduit en français. Ce n’est que dans les années 1980 qu’a débuté l’étude de ce qui s’est passé pendant ces années du nazisme : « Mort d’une science juive » est le titre du livre, qui est postérieur au livre de G. Cocks et aux travaux de R. Lockot. Pour les auteurs, la psychanalyse est morte pendant cette période. Incompatibilité entre psychanalyse et doctrine politique. Dès 1934-1935, les analystes juifs commencent à émigrer. Eitingon quitte l’Allemagne dès novembre 1933. En 1935, l
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Erman, Deniz Onur. "Purest form of creation: Art Brut." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 6 (2018): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i6.3850.

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In many cultures, it has been a long-established practice to apply various domains of art as therapy methods in asylums, prisons and rehabilitation centres in order to help people express themselves and their current circumstances and to aid cure themselves. Hans Prinzhorn’s book entitled ‘Artistry of the mentally ill’, which was published in 1924 in Berlin has been the initial resource for Art Brut, also known as ‘raw art’. A French artist, Jean Dubuffet has first used Art Brut as an artistic term in 1945, which has ignited major debates in the artistic milieu. The ultimate goal of these arti
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Peiter, Anne. "À la recherche d’un champ anhistorique. Mise en place de tabous allemands : les exemples de Leni Riefenstahl et Albert Speer." Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire 113 (2012): 112–22. https://doi.org/10.4000/13riw.

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Cette contribution vise à démontrer comment la photographe et cinéaste Leni Riefenstahl d’un côté, et l’architecte Albert Speer, ministre d’armes d’Hitler, d’autre part, perçoivent le passé nazi, et ce à un moment où la « tabouisation » ou plutôt la « dé-tabouisation » se déroule depuis 1945 en Allemagne de l’Ouest. Contrairement à l’évolution générale de la mémoire politique allemande, la situation des deux acteurs n’est pas une évolution à partir d’un silence collectif vers une reconnaissance progressive des crimes. Les noms de Speer et Riefenstahl ont été interdits jusqu’en 1960, avant qu’i
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Podriez, Yuliya. "Transformation the world construction after the Second World War and places in its USA and USSR (1945 – 1946)." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 7 (2019): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2019.07.84-91.

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The article is devoted to studing the trunsformation (changes) in the world after the Second World War, as well as the role and the place in it of two powerful states – the USA and the USSR. The article is devoted to the study of the question of the universe after the Second World War, as well as the role and the place in it of two powerful states – the USA and the USSR. In the article, the author emphasizes the objective and subjective circumstances that transformed Soviet-American relations since 1945. At the same time, it is emphasized that relations are complicated by the emergence of a ne
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Butkiewicz, Tomasz. "The „Aktion Reinhardt”. The extermination of Polish Jews in the Białystok district in the years 1942–1943." Res Politicae 15 (2023): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/rp.2023.15.02.

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In 2022 we celebrated 80. years when the German plan „to solve the Jewish question” was conducted in „Reinhardt Action”. Its realisation resulted in the genocide of the Polish Jews. The problem addressed in the following article is an attempt to summarise the previous research on the extermination of the Jews in Bialystok and its surroundings. Szymon Datner, Bernd Mark, Waldemar Monkiewicz, Daniel Boćkowski and Ewa Rogalewska dealt with the issue of extermination in this area. It is also important to analyse the events on the basis of the sources of the Archives of the Jewish Historical Instit
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Zajadło, Jerzy. "Procesy tzw. strzelców przy murze berlińskim." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 54, no. 2 (2002): 117–39. https://doi.org/10.14746/cph.2002.2.7.

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Depuis le 1990 dans la science et la pratique de droit allemand on a pu observer le phénomène nommé „règlement des comptes avec le passé d’ancienne République Démocratique Allemande (RDA)”. Un de ses éléments essentiels consistait à foncer à encourir la responsabilité pénale tous les responsables de création et de fonctionnement du régime particulier, existant à la frontière germano-allemande, et notamment dans la zone de Mur de Berlin. Sur le banc des accusés on a placé aussi bien les soldats de services de frontières en tant que les auteurs directs, que les membres de pouvoirs d’état, pouvoi
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Butkiewicz, Tomasz. "On the 80th Anniversary of the Assassination Attempt on Adolf Hitler. Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, Hero, Political Strategist, or Victim of the Nazi Regime." Res Politicae 17 (2025): 25–48. https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2025.17.02.

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The attempt of assassination of the leader of the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), on 20th July 1944 at the Wolf’s Lair (Gierłoż) provokes many questions, the answers to which may not be found. Nevertheless, numerous historians in Poland and abroad appreciate as well as criticise this act. Being a German scholar whose main focus is on the period of the Third Reich and partially on the Holocaust, I will reconstruct the causes, motives and execution of the unsuccessful assassination. However, one should not expect a definitive and unequivocal statements here, but only an analysis of the ci
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Spielvogel, Izabela. "Medycyna i nacjonalizm – stacja szpitalna na cmentarzu żydowskim we Wrocławiu." Medycyna Nowożytna 28, no. 2 (2022): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12311960mn.22.014.17375.

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Medicine and Nationalism – a hospital station at the Jewish cemetery in Wrocław Between 1941 and 1945, in some regions of the Third Reich, Jews were allowed to function, if, among other things, they had non-Jewish spouses or were considered, according to racial purity laws, to be so-called „Mischlings”. German half-blood Jews, due to the Aryan blood element, were initially not affected by persecution to the same extent as full-blood Jews. In theory, they could, for example, seek exemption from racial laws, did not have to pay Jewish property tax or wear the Star of David. They were also spared
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Ivanov, Andrey. "Church and religion in the life of right-wing politician N. E. Markov 2nd." St. Tikhons' University Review 117 (April 30, 2024): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2024117.127-146.

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The article examines the religious views and attitude to the Orthodox Church of the famous Russian monarchist politician N. E. Markov (1866—1945). Based on the testimonies of contemporaries, materials of the pre-revolutionary and emigrant periodicals, transcripts of the State Duma of the Russian Empire, materials from Russian and foreign archives, the publication shows and analyzes the place of Orthodoxy in Markov's political, public and personal life. New sources and facts are introduced into scientific circulation, testifying to the active participation of the right-wing politician in the ch
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Heinze, Eric. "BOOK REVIEWSBOOK REVIEWSHeinzeEricDr26Faculty of Laws, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London26The author wishes to thank Peter Fitzpatrick and Istvan Pogany for their valuable comments.081999462269276Schulte-TenckhoffI., La question des peuples autochtones, Bruylant, Brussels 1997, x + 235 pp., BFr. 540/FF 90.Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Press 19991999T.M.C. Asser PresspdfS0165070X00002461a.pdfdispartBook Reviews1.For a classic statement, see ‘Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations’, ICJ Rep. (1949) p. 174 (11 April). See also, e.g., HailbronnerK., ‘Der Staat und der Einzelne als Völkerrechtssubjekte’, in VitzthumW. Graf, ed., Völkerrecht (Berlin, De Gruyter 1997) pp. 181, 188–204; JenningsR. and WattsA., Oppenheim's International Law, Vol. 1, 9th edn. (London, Longmann 1992).2.See, e.g., Hailbronner, op. cit. n. 1, p. 196; Jennings and Watts, op. cit. n. 1, pp. 162–162; Nguyen Quoc Dinh, et al., Droit international public, 5th edn. (Paris, Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence 1994) pp. 166–167,497–499.3.In addition to the work reviewed here, see, e.g., AnayaJ., Indigenous Peoples in International Law (New York, Oxford University Press 1996); TenantC., ‘Indigenous Peoples, International Institutions and the International Legal Literature from 1945 to 1993." Netherlands International Law Review 46, no. 02 (1999): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00002461.

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Tsygankov, Alexander S. "History of Philosophy. 2018, Vol. 23, No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory and Methodology of History of Philosophy Rodion V. Savinov. Philosophy of Antiquity in Scholasticism This article examines the forms of understanding ancient philosophy in medieval and post-medieval scholasticism. Using the comparative method the author identifies the main approaches to the philosophical heritage of Antiquity, and to the problem of reviving the doctrines of the past. The Patristics (Epiphanius of Cyprus, Filastrius of Brixia, Lactantius, Augustine) saw the ancient cosmological doctrines as heresies. The early Middle Ages (e.g., Isidore of Seville) assimilated the content of these heresiographic treatises, which became the main source of information about ancient philosophy. Scholasticism of the 13th–14th cent. remained cautious to ancient philosophy and distinguished, on the one hand, the doctrinal content discussed in the framework of the exegetic problems at universities (Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, etc.), and, on the other hand, information on ancient philosophers integrated into chronological models of medieval chronicles (Peter Comestor, Vincent de Beauvais, Walter Burleigh). Finally, the post-medieval scholasticism (Pedro Fonseca, Conimbricenses, Th. Stanley, and others) raised the questions of the «history of ideas», thereby laying the foundation of the history of philosophy in its modern sense. Keywords: history of philosophy, Patristic, Scholasticism, reflection, critic DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-5-17 World Philosophy: the Past and the Present Mariya A. Solopova. The Chronology of Democritus and the Fall of Troy The article considers the chronology of Democritus of Abdera. In the times of Classical Antiquity, three different birth dates for Democritus were known: c. 495 BC (according to Diodorus of Sicily), c. 470 BC (according to Thrasyllus), and c. 460 BC (according to Apollodorus of Athens). These dates must be coordinated with the most valuable doxographic evidence, according to which Democritus 1) "was a young man during Anaxagoras’s old age" and that 2) the Lesser World-System (Diakosmos) was compiled 730 years after the Fall of Troy. The article considers the argument in favor of the most authoritative datings belonging to Apollodorus and Thrasyllus, and draws special attention to the meaning of the dating of Democritus’ work by himself from the year of the Fall of Troy. The question arises, what prompted Democritus to talk about the date of the Fall of Troy and how he could calculate it. The article expresses the opinion that Democritus indicated the date of the Fall of Troy not with the aim of proposing its own date, different from others, but in order to date the Lesser World-System in the spirit of intellectual achievements of his time, in which, perhaps, the history of the development of mankind from the primitive state to the emergence of civilization was discussed. The article discusses how to explain the number 730 and argues that it can be the result of combinations of numbers 20 (the number of generations that lived from the Fall of Troy to Democritus), 35 – one of the constants used for calculations of generations in genealogical research, and 30. The last figure perhaps indicates the age of Democritus himself, when he wrote the Lesser Diakosmos: 30 years old. Keywords: Ancient Greek philosophy, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Greek chronography, doxographers, Apollodorus, Thrasyllus, capture of Troy, ancient genealogies, the length of a generation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-18-31 Bembya L. Mitruyev. “Yogācārabhumi-Śāstra” as a Historical and Philosophical Source The article deals with “Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra” – a treatise on the Buddhist Yogācāra school. Concerning the authorship of this text, the Indian and Chinese traditions diverge: in the first, the treatise is attributed to Asanga, and in the second tradition to Maitreya. Most of the modern scholars consider it to be a compilation of many texts, and not the work of one author. Being an important monument for both the Yogacara tradition and Mahayana Buddhism in general, Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra is an object of scientific interest for the researchers all around the world. The text of the treatise consists of five parts, which are divided into chapters. The contents of the treatise sheds light on many concepts of Yogācāra, such as ālayavijñāna, trisvabhāva, kliṣṭamanas, etc. Having briefly considered the textological problems: authorship, dating, translation, commenting and genre of the text, the author suggests the reconstruction of the content of the entire monument, made on the basis of his own translation from the Tibetan and Sanskrit. This allows him to single out from the whole variety of topics those topics, the study of which will increase knowledge about the history of the formation of the basic philosophical concepts of Yogācāra and thereby allow a deeper understanding of the historical and philosophical process in Buddhism and in other philosophical movements of India. Keywords: Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Asaṅga, Māhāyana, Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra, Abhidharma, ālayavijñāna citta, bhūmi, mind, consciousness, meditation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-32-43 Tatiana G. Korneeva. Knowledge in Nāșir Khusraw’s Philosophy The article deals with the concept of “knowledge” in the philosophy of Nāșir Khusraw. The author analyzes the formation of the theory of knowledge in the Arab-Muslim philosophy. At the early stages of the formation of the Arab-Muslim philosophy the discussion of the question of cognition was conducted in the framework of ethical and religious disputes. Later followers of the Falsafa introduced the legacy of ancient philosophers into scientific circulation and began to discuss the problems of cognition in a philosophical way. Nāșir Khusraw, an Ismaili philosopher of the 11th century, expanded the scope of knowledge and revised the goals and objectives of the process of cognition. He put knowledge in the foundation of the world order, made it the cause and ultimate goal of the creation of the world. In his philosophy knowledge is the link between the different levels of the universe. The article analyzes the Nāșir Khusraw’s views on the role of knowledge in various fields – metaphysics, cosmogony, ethics and eschatology. Keywords: knowledge, cognition, Ismailism, Nāșir Khusraw, Neoplatonism, Arab-Muslim philosophy, kalām, falsafa DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-44-55 Vera Pozzi. Problems of Ontology and Criticism of the Kantian Formalism in Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” (Part II) This paper is a follow-up of the paper «Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy» (Part I). The issue and the role of “ontology” in Vetrinskii’s textbook is analyzed in detail, as well as the author’s critique of Kantian “formalism”: in this connection, the paper provides a description of Vetrinskii’s discussion about Kantian theory of the a priori forms of sensible intuition and understanding. To sum up, Vetrinskii was well acquainted not only with Kantian works – and he was able to fully evaluate their innovative significance – but also with late Scholastic textbooks of the German area. Moreover, he relied on the latters to build up an eclectic defense of traditional Metaphysics, avoiding at the same time to refuse Kantian perspective in the sake of mere reaffirming a “traditional” perspective. Keywords: Philosophizing at Russian Theological Academies, Russian Enlightenment, Russian early Kantianism, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, history of Russian philosophy, history of metaphysics, G.I. Wenzel, I. Ya. Vetrinskii DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-56-67 Alexey E. Savin. Criticism of Judaism in Hegel's Early “Theological” Writings The aim of the article is to reveal the nature of criticism of Judaism by the “young” Hegel and underlying intuitions. The investigation is based on the phenomenological approach. It seeks to explicate the horizon of early Hegel's thinking. The revolutionary role of early Hegel’s ideas reactivation in the history of philosophy is revealed. The article demonstrates the fundamental importance of criticism of Judaism for the development of Hegel's thought. The sources of Hegelian thematization and problematization of Judaism – his Protestant theological background within the framework of supranaturalism and the then discussion about human rights and political emancipation of Jews – are discovered. Hegel's interpretation of the history of the Jewish people and the origin of Judaism from the destruction of trust in nature, the fundamental mood of distrust and fear of the world, leading to the development of alienation, is revealed. The falsity of the widespread thesis about early Hegel’s anti-Semitism is demonstrated. The reasons for the transition of early Hegel from “theology” to philosophy are revealed. Keywords: Hegel, Judaism, history, criticism, anti-Semitism, trust, nature, alienation, tyranny, philosophy DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-68-80 Evgeniya A. Dolgova. Philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors (1921–1938): Institutional Forms, Methods of Teaching, Students, Lecturers The article explores the history of the Institute of the Red Professors in philosophy (1921–1938). Referring to the unpublished documents in the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author explores its financial and infrastructure support, information sphere, characterizes students and teachers. The article illustrates the practical experience of the functioning of philosophy within the framework of one of the extraordinary “revolutionary” projects on the renewal of the scientific and pedagogical sphere, reflects a vivid and ambiguous picture of the work of the educational institution in the 1920s and 1930s and corrects some of historiographical judgments (about the politically and socially homogeneous composition of the Institute of Red Professors, the specifics of state support of its work, privileges and the social status of the “red professors”). Keywords: Institute of the Red Professors in Philosophy, Philosophical Department, soviet education, teachers, students, teaching methods DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-81-94 Vladimir V. Starovoitov. K. Horney about the Consequences of Neurotic Development and the Ways of Its Overcoming This article investigates the views of Karen Horney on psychoanalysis and neurotic development of personality in her last two books: “Our Inner Conflicts” (1945) and “Neurosis and Human Grows” (1950), and also in her two articles “On Feeling Abused” (1951) and “The Paucity of Inner Experiences” (1952), written in the last two years of her life and summarizing her views on clinical and theoretical problems in her work with neurotics. If in her first book “The Neurotic Personality of Our Time” (1937) neurosis was a result of disturbed interpersonal relations, caused by conditions of culture, then the concept of the idealized Self open the gates to the intrapsychic life. Keywords: Neo-Freudianism, psychoanalysis, neurotic development of personality, real Self, idealized image of Self DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-95-102 Publications and Translations Victoria G. Lysenko. Dignāga on the Definition of Perception in the Vādaviddhi of Vasubandhu. A Historical and Philosophical Reconstruction of Dignāga’s Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (1.13-16) The paper investigates a fragment from Dignāga’s magnum opus Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (“Body of tools for reliable knowledge with a commentary”, 1, 13-16) where Dignāga challenges Vasubandhu’s definition of perception in the Vādaviddhi (“Rules of the dispute”). The definition from the Vādaviddhi is being compared in the paper with Vasubandhu’s ideas of perception in Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (“Encyclopedia of Abhidharma with the commentary”), and with Dignāga’s own definition of valid perception in the first part of his Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti as well as in his Ālambanaparīkśavṛtti (“Investigation of the Object with the commentary”). The author puts forward the hypothesis that Dignāga criticizes the definition of perception in Vādaviddhi for the reason that it does not correspond to the teachings of Vasubandhu in his Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, to which he, Dignāga, referred earlier in his magnum opus. This helps Dignāga to justify his statement that Vasubandhu himself considered Vādaviddhi as not containing the essence of his teaching (asāra). In addition, the article reconstructs the logical sequence in Dignāga’s exegesis: he criticizes the Vādaviddhi definition from the representational standpoint of Sautrāntika school, by showing that it does not fulfill the function prescribed by Indian logic to definition, that of distinguishing perception from the classes of heterogeneous and homogeneous phenomena. Having proved the impossibility of moving further according to the “realistic logic” based on recognizing the existence of an external object, Dignāga interprets the Vādaviddhi’s definition in terms of linguistic philosophy, according to which the language refers not to external objects and not to the unique and private sensory experience (svalakṣaṇa-qualia), but to the general characteristics (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa), which are mental constructs (kalpanā). Keywords: Buddhism, linguistic philosophy, perception, theory of definition, consciousness, Vaibhashika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Vasubandhu, Dignaga DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-103-117 Elizaveta A. Miroshnichenko. Talks about Lev N. Tolstoy: Reception of the Writer's Views in the Public Thought of Russia at the End of the 19th Century (Dedicated to the 190th Anniversary of the Great Russian Writer and Thinker) This article includes previously unpublished letters of Russian social thinkers such as N.N. Strakhov, E.M. Feoktistov, D.N. Tsertelev. These letters provide critical assessment of Lev N. Tolstoy’s teachings. The preface to publication includes the history of reception of Tolstoy’s moral and aesthetic philosophy by his contemporaries, as well as influence of his theory on the beliefs of Russian idealist philosopher D.N. Tsertelev. The author offers a rational reconstruction of the dialogue between two generations of thinkers representative of the 19th century – Lev N. Tolstoy and N.N. Strakhov, on the one hand, and D.N. Tsertelev, on the other. The main thesis of the paper: the “old” and the “new” generations of the 19th-century thinkers retained mutual interest and continuity in setting the problems and objectives of philosophy, despite the numerous worldview contradictions. Keywords: Russian philosophy of the nineteenth century, L.N. Tolstoy, N.N. Strakhov, D.N. Tsertelev, epistolary heritage, ethics, aesthetics DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-118-130 Reviews Nataliya A. Tatarenko. History of Philosophy in a Format of Lecture Notes (on Hegel G.W.F. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829). Hrsg. von A.P. Olivier und A. Gethmann-Siefert. München: Wilhelm Fink, 2017. XXXI + 254 S.) Released last year, the book “G.W.F. Hegel. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829)” in German is a publication of one of the student's manuskript of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Adolf Heimann was a student of Hegel in 1828/29. These notes open for us imaginary doors into the audience of the Berlin University, where Hegel read his fourth and final course on the philosophy of art. A distinctive feature of this course is a new structure of lectures in comparison with three previous courses. This three-part division was took by H.G. Hotho as the basis for the edited by him text “Lectures on Aesthetics”, included in the first collection of Hegel’s works. The content of that publication was mainly based on the lectures of 1823 and 1826. There are a number of differences between the analyzed published manuskript and the students' records of 1820/21, 1823 and 1826, as well as between the manuskript and the editorial version of H.G. Hotho. These features show that Hegel throughout all four series of Berlin lectures on the philosophy of art actively developed and revised the structure and content of aesthetics. But unfortunately this evidence of the permanent development was not taken into account by the first editor of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Keywords: G.W.F. Hegel, H.G. Hotho, philosophy of art, aesthetics, forms of art, idea of beauty, ideal DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-131-138 Alexander S. Tsygankov. On the Way to the Revival of Metaphysics: S.L. Frank and E. Coreth Readers are invited to review the monograph of the modern German researcher Oksana Nazarova “The problem of the renaissance and new foundation of metaphysics through the example of Christian philosophical tradition. Russian religious philosophy (Simon L. Frank) and German neosholastics (Emerich Coreth)”, which was published in 2017 in Munich. In the paper, the author offers a comparative analysis of the projects of a new, “post-dogmatic” metaphysics, which were developed in the philosophy of Frank and Coreth. This study addresses the problems of the cognitive-theoretical and ontological foundation of the renaissance of metaphysics, the methodological tools of the new metaphysics, as well as its anthropological component. O. Nazarova's book is based on the comparative analysis of Frank's religious philosophy and Coreth's neo-cholastic philosophy from the beginning to the end. This makes the study unique in its own way. Since earlier in the German reception of the heritage of Russian thinker, the comparison of Frank's philosophy with the Catholic theology of the 20th century was realized only fragmentarily and did not act as a fundamental one. Along with a deep and meaningful analysis of the metaphysical projects of both thinkers, this makes O. Nazarova's book relevant to anyone who is interested in the philosophical dialogue of Russia and Western Europe and is engaged in the work of Frank and Coreth. Keywords: the renaissance of metaphysics, post-Kantian philosophy, Christian philosophy, S.L. Frank, E. Coreth DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147". History of Philosophy 23, № 2 (2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147.

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Rabiej, Stanisław. "Varsovie - Berlin - Paris au bord d'une nouvelle vague de migration." Studia Oecumenica 21 (December 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/so.4560.

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L'objectif de cet article est de montrer les différences et les similitudes existantes dans l'approche de la dynamique de la crise de l'immigration survenant dans les pays du "Triangle de Weimar" après 2015. Les méthodes de recherche suivantes ont été utilisées : descriptive, comparative et analyse des documents et des sources disponibles. Il se compose de trois parties - une introduction à la question, une analyse des problèmes locaux face à la vague d'émigration en France, en Allemagne et en Pologne, une indication des stratégies différenciées face à la crise de l'immigration et son cours ap
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Bansal, Esha. "A Woman in Berlin: Reappraising Mass Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Public Health." Public Health Ethics, July 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad014.

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Abstract Preventing sexual and gender-based violence—and mitigating its devastating impacts on individuals and societies—is a central challenge of public health. A Woman in Berlin is 34-year-old journalist Marta Hillers’s first-hand account of life during the 1945 Red Army occupation of Berlin at the conclusion of World War II, when Russian soldiers collectively raped 2 million German civilians. Reflecting upon Hillers’s testimony, I argue that historical narratives about large-scale acts of sexual and gender-based violence deserve a more central place in public health discourse. I also questi
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Rembacka, Katarzyna. "Shortages of 1945 and the West Pomeranian ideas to overcome them. The question of the 'Berlin Purchases'." Przegląd Zachodniopomorski, 2019, 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/pz.2019.3-04.

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Vietmeier, Melanie. "Entrecroisements transatlantiques : les expositions de Lasar Segall et leur réception en Allemagne, au Brésil et en France dans les années 1920 et 1930." Brésil(s) 26 (2024). https://doi.org/10.4000/12t9y.

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Depuis les années 1990, différentes approches remettent en question la catégorie conceptuelle du modernisme en tant que phénomène européen et s’attachent à réécrire l’histoire de l’art moderne comme une histoire d’interconnectivité mondiale. D’où une prise de conscience de l’importance des artistes migrants et exilés. C’est dans ce cadre que je m’intéresse ici au peintre et sculpteur Lasar Segall (1891-1957), né à Vilnius, en tant qu’exemple paradigmatique de ces artistes migrants ayant contribué à des rencontres transcontinentales. Je me concentre sur une sélection d’expositions et de command
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"Autour de L’Invention du musée moderne. Entretien avec Simon Texier." Livraisons d'histoire de l'architecture 47 (2024). https://doi.org/10.4000/13eob.

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La question de la genèse du « musée moderne » mérite d’être replacée dans un large cadre chronologique, prenant en compte, par exemple, les réalisations de Leo von Klenze à Munich et Karl Friedrich Schinkel à Berlin, dès les années 1830. C’est par touches successives, au gré des échanges internationaux que s’invente petit à petit la modernité du musée : le musée des Beaux-arts de Boston de Guy Lowell (1909) constitue une autre étape importante, de même que les réalisations de Victor Horta à Tournai (1928) et Henry Van de Velde à Otterlo (Musée Kröller-Müller, 1938). Dans la France de l’entre-d
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Lapierre, Nicole. "Étranger." Anthropen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.127.

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Dans un texte de 1908 intitulé « Digressions sur l’Étranger » (1999), le sociologue Georg Simmel définit ce dernier comme l’homme venu d’ailleurs et installé à demeure, même s’il reste un voyageur potentiel. Membre du groupe dans lequel il s’est fixé, il y occupe une position distincte, en raison de son origine et se trouve renvoyé à une altérité plus ou moins bien acceptée. Souvent pénible, cette situation peut s’avérer positive dans la mesure où elle favorise un questionnement sur le monde social : « parce qu’il n’a pas de racines dans les particularismes et les partialités du groupe, il s’e
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Gandsman Ari, Vanthune Karine. "Génocide." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.098.

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Si le but premier de l'anthropologie est de faire de notre monde un endroit sans danger pour les différences humaines, tel que l’affirma Ruth Benedict, le génocide, qui a pour but ultime l'élimination systématique de la différence, pose un problème urgent pour la discipline. Au cours des dernières décennies, le rôle et les responsabilités éthiques de l'anthropologue vis-à-vis des groupes auprès desquels il mène ses recherches ont fait l’objet de nombreux débats –dont entre autres ceux conduits par Scheper-Hughes (1995), qui plaide pour un engagement militant des chercheurs au nom d’une respons
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Dang-Anh, Mark. "Excluding Agency." M/C Journal 23, no. 6 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2725.

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Introduction Nun habe ich Euch genug geschrieben, diesen Brief wenn sei [sic] lesen würden, dann würde ich den Genickschuß bekommen.Now I have written you enough, this letter if they would read it, I would get the neck shot. (M., all translations from German sources and quotations by the author) When the German soldier Otto M. wrote these lines from Russia to his family on 3 September 1943 during the Second World War, he knew that his war letter would not be subject to the National Socialist censorship apparatus. The letter contains, inter alia, detailed information about the course of the war
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Burns, Alex. "The Worldflash of a Coming Future." M/C Journal 6, no. 2 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2168.

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History is not over and that includes media history. Jay Rosen (Zelizer & Allan 33) The media in their reporting on terrorism tend to be judgmental, inflammatory, and sensationalistic. — Susan D. Moeller (169) In short, we are directed in time, and our relation to the future is different than our relation to the past. All our questions are conditioned by this asymmetry, and all our answers to these questions are equally conditioned by it. Norbert Wiener (44) The Clash of Geopolitical Pundits America’s geo-strategic engagement with the world underwent a dramatic shift in the decade after th
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Hanscombe, Elisabeth. "A Plea for Doubt in the Subjectivity of Method." M/C Journal 14, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.335.

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Photograph by Gonzalo Echeverria (2010)Doubt has been my closest companion for several years as I struggle to make sense of certain hidden events from within my family’s history. The actual nature of such events, although now lost to us, can nevertheless be explored through the distorting lens of memory and academic research. I base such explorations in part on my intuition and sensitivity to emotional experience, which are inevitably riddled with doubt. I write from the position of a psychoanalytic psychologist who is also a creative writer and my doubts increase further when I use the autobi
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McNair, Brian. "Vote!" M/C Journal 10, no. 6 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2714.

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 The twentieth was, from one perspective, the democratic century — a span of one hundred years which began with no fully functioning democracies in existence anywhere on the planet (if one defines democracy as a political system in which there is both universal suffrage and competitive elections), and ended with 120 countries out of 192 classified by the Freedom House think tank as ‘democratic’. There are of course still many societies where democracy is denied or effectively neutered — the remaining outposts of state socialism, such as China, Cuba, and North Korea; most if
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McNair, Brian. "Vote!" M/C Journal 11, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.21.

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The twentieth was, from one perspective, the democratic century — a span of one hundred years which began with no fully functioning democracies in existence anywhere on the planet (if one defines democracy as a political system in which there is both universal suffrage and competitive elections), and ended with 120 countries out of 192 classified by the Freedom House think tank as ‘democratic’. There are of course still many societies where democracy is denied or effectively neutered — the remaining outposts of state socialism, such as China, Cuba, and North Korea; most if not all of the Islam
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Rosner, Daniela. "Bias Cuts and Data Dumps." M/C Journal 26, no. 6 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2938.

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Introduction “Patterns are everywhere”, design researcher Anuradha Reddy told her virtual audience at the 2023 speaker series hosted by Brilliant Labs, a Canadian non-profit focussed on experiential digital learning and coding (Brilliant Labs / Labos Créatifs). Like other technology fora, this public-facing series offered designers an opportunity to highlight the accessibility of code. But unlike many such fora, Reddy’s code was worn on the body. Sitting at the now-standard webinar lectern, Reddy shared a flurry of images and contexts as she introduced a garment she called b00b, a bra that she
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Musgrove, Brian Michael. "Recovering Public Memory: Politics, Aesthetics and Contempt." M/C Journal 11, no. 6 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.108.

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1. Guy Debord in the Land of the Long WeekendIt’s the weekend – leisure time. It’s the interlude when, Guy Debord contends, the proletarian is briefly free of the “total contempt so clearly built into every aspect of the organization and management of production” in commodity capitalism; when workers are temporarily “treated like grown-ups, with a great show of solicitude and politeness, in their new role as consumers.” But this patronising show turns out to be another form of subjection to the diktats of “political economy”: “the totality of human existence falls under the regime of the ‘perf
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