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1
Peal, David. "Self-Help and the State: Rural Cooperatives in Imperial Germany." Central European History 21, no. 3 (1988): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012206.
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The consolidation of territorial states in Central Europe undermined the local customs and institutions that had shaped village life since the Middle Ages. By the end of the eighteenth century unitary law codes overrode rural customs. By distinguishing between public and private law, these codes stripped the organized village community of legal substance. Police and judicial functions once performed within the community were assumed by bureaucrats, and the state meddled with the use of local resources by liberalizing marriage and residence laws. Deprived of political autonomy, the village did remain the core economic and social unit in rural life, controlling access to communal forests and enforcing the rules of three-field agriculture. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century this limited autonomy was undermined as well. Freedom of contract, security of individual property, free transmission of property between generations, and commercialization of landed property struck at the ability of villages to control their material world in customary ways.
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TONYALI, Zeynep. "Sanat Bağlamında Berlin Duvarı’nın İzleri." International Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 34 (2024): 458–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.8.34.26.
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Germany was the place where the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union took place, planning to establish an ideological domination over the world. After the end of the Second World War, although the city of Berlin remained within the borders of East Germany, as per an agreement between the Soviets and the Western bloc countries. divided. In order to prevent their escape to East and West Germany, the German administration began to build a wall around East Berlin on August 13, 1961, closing all passages to the western part, telling its citizens that they had a freer and more prosperous life. Hundreds of people lost their lives trying to escape to West Berlin by crossing the Berlin Wall until it collapsed on November 9, 1989. The walls of the public space create a political language and a space used against the system. The aim of this study was investigated in the context of the division of Germany, represented by the wreckage of the Berlin Wall, on a social and political plane. The resistance and political discourse function of graffiti in public spaces is examined through the example of the Berlin Wall. Artistic traces with a predominant protest aspect were investigated through literature review and visual concepts. Keywords: Public art, Berlin Wall, War, Graffiti, Politics, Street Art
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van der Will, Wilfried. "Berlin as a Terrain of Cultural Policy: Outline of a Struggle." German Politics and Society 33, no. 1 (2015): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2015.330111.
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After considering the functions of capital cities this article argues that culture both as creative activity and as living heritage of customs and architectural assemblies plays a central role in the self-perception of present-day Berlin. The agents—public and private—that interact in the conception and execution of decisive initiatives in the remake of the city form an extensive cultural policy establishment. They derive their legitimation from regional and federal constitutions and from their command of attention in the public discourse. Berlin's claimed status as the most obvious German metropolis is not self-evident. Within the nation it is neither the center of finance, nor the media, nor the supreme courts. In Germany there are other towns and metropolitan regions with a similarly rich infrastructure that can compete at least nationally. But Berlin, building on Enlightenment traditions, is making a plausible effort in regaining its cosmopolitanism. Despite a host of problems, it is now surpassing the ethnic and cultural diversity that was lost in the years of Nazi dictatorship. Can it maintain its attraction for creative talent, both cultural and technological, in view of accelerating social divisions and gentrification?
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Flickinger, Brigitte. "Cinemas in the City: Berlin‘s Public Space in the 1910s and 1920s." Film Studies 10, no. 1 (2007): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.10.9.
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In the early years of the cinema and into the 1910s and 1920s, it was less the film than cinema-going itself that attracted urban publics. In this era, people were enthusiastic about technology and the achievements of modernity; while at the same time they felt anxious about the rapid and radical changes in their social and economic life. In Germany, this contradictory experience was especially harsh and perceptible in the urban metropolis of Berlin. The article demonstrates how within city life, Berlin cinemas – offering the excitement of innovation as well as optimal distraction and entertainment – provided an urban space where, by cinema-going, appeal and uncertainty could be positively reconciled.
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Popov, Maxim Evgenievich. "The Russian Theater in Berlin (1919-1923): the Experience of Cultural Exports." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (2017): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764208.
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The paper is devoted to the consideration of Russian theatrical activity in Berlin during 1919-1923, when Berlin was the focus of Russian theater life abroad, and active creative exchange between German and Russian cultures took place in this connection. The problem of exporting Russian art culture to Western countries is of interest for both domestic and foreign researchers. Among the topical problems on this issue, the Russian theater plays an important role. The study of this issue gives an idea of the potential of Russian culture in a different social and cultural environment. In the center of the research is the process of formation and development of Russian theatrical life in the German cultural environment. The author made an attempt to identify and disclose the main artistic directions of the Russian theater in Berlin in 1919-1923 and determine their role in bringing Germany to the achievements of national culture. The work uses materials from the memoirs of contemporaries and periodicals. On the basis of these sources it is shown that the theater played one of the fundamental roles in preserving the Russian cultural community and their cultural appearance on the overseas. Russian theatrical seasons contributed to the Wests involvement in the achievements of Russian culture and the establishment of cultural and artistic ties between Germany and Soviet Russia. Thus, the activities of the Russian migr and touring Russian theater in Berlin in 1919-1923 reflected the high potential of Russian culture in the conditions of a foreign social environment.
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Mellēna-Bartkeviča, Lauma. "No kora Liepājā uz galvenajām lomām Berlīnē: latviešu tenora Artūra Priednieka-Kavaras starptautiskā karjera starpkaru periodā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums, no. 28 (March 24, 2023): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2023.28.205.
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The article brings to the spotlight Latvian tenor Arthur Cavara (Artūrs Priednieks-Kavara, 1901–1979), one of the most outstanding Latvian operatic tenors of the 20th century in the context of his international career successfully developed in Germany in the 1930s. In both the recently established Latvian Republic and Europe, the interwar period was a very intensive and, at the same time, very contradictory time due to the historical conditions, social processes and political regimes, but it was also the time of opportunities when one of the centres of art life longed for by Baltic musicians was Berlin. Arthur Cavara was one of a few Latvian singers gifted with unique voice qualities, working capacity and a vast repertoire, who managed to develop a successful career on operatic stages in Berlin in a very short time, thus engraving his name in European opera history of the interwar period. In 1927 the young opera choir singer from Liepāja was not hired by Latvian National Opera, and he decided to go to Berlin to study vocal art with Louis Bachner (1882–1945). In a few years, Priednieks-Kavara developed a successful operatic career in Germany, becoming one of the leading tenors of Krolloper un Die Deutsche Staatsoper in Berlin, participating in guest performances in other countries, including South America, and finally, he was critically acclaimed in Latvia, too. The Second World War and related circumstances stopped the singer’s career at its peak, Cavara, together with his family, emigrated first to Germany, a well-known country to him, and afterwards to the USA, where he worked as a vocal coach and opera director. A great deal of facts regarding the life of Latvian tenors in Berlin was documented in letters published in Latvian press of the interwar period and autobiographical works by another opera singer and writer Mariss Vētra (1901–1965), who often met Cavara both in Germany and Latvia. The article traces the career of Cavara until the emigration in 1944.
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Kuntz, Benjamin, Günter Regneri, Anne Berghöfer, Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach, and Thomas Beddies. "„Die Medizin ist eine soziale Wissenschaft“ – zum 200. Geburtstag von Salomon Neumann." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 144, no. 25 (2019): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0973-6994.
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AbstractSalomon Neumann (1819–1908) is one of the outstanding representatives of 19th century social medicine. As a medical reformer, statistician and city councilor, he made a significant contribution to improving social and hygienic conditions in Berlin. His most famous work was published in 1847 under the title “Die oeffentliche Gesundheitspflege und das Eigenthum” [Public Health and Property]. From 1859 to 1905, Neumann was active in the Berlin City Council for the improvement of the living conditions of the population. He was involved in the construction of municipal hospitals, supported the modernisation of sewage disposal, organised the Berlin censuses of 1861 and 1864 and was active in the field of health and social statistics. Not only was Neumann exposed to anti-Semitic reprisals during his lifetime, a foundation he founded to promote the science of Judaism was dissolved by the National Socialists in 1940. On the occasion of his 200th birthday, this article commemorates the life and work of the democratically minded and socially committed doctor and health politician. Salomon Neumann has rendered great services to social medicine in Germany.
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Rohr, Elisabeth. "World in motion—the emotional impact of mass migration." Group Analysis 51, no. 3 (2018): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316418784697.
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I feel very honoured and am enormously pleased to have been invited to speak here at the 17th Symposium of the Group Analytic Society International in Berlin. It means a lot to me, to be able to speak here today, because Berlin is a very special place for me. It is here, in this town, that my Jewish grandfather met my Christian grandmother almost 100 years ago. They fell in love and about a year later my mother was born. 20 years later my Jewish grandfather was forced to leave Germany, together with his new family. Therefore, I never had a chance to get to know him. When I was 20, I myself left Germany to live in New Orleans, USA. I stayed there for five years and then returned to Germany. It cannot be denied, migration and refuge have always been an issue in my family and in my personal life, that is why I cannot talk about migration and refugees without emotions and without being moved. This can be sensed and felt also in the following explorations and thoughts about the emotional impact of mass migration.
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Gook, Ben. "Ecstatic Melancholic: Ambivalence, Electronic Music and Social Change around the Fall of the Berlin Wall." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 1, no. 2 (2017): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-00102003.
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The Cold War’s end infused electronic music in Berlin after 1989 with an ecstatic intensity. Enthused communities came together to live out that energy and experiment in conditions informed by past suffering and hope for the future. This techno-scene became an ‘intimate public’ (Berlant) within an emergent ‘structure of feeling’ (Williams). Techno parties held out a promise of freedom while Germany’s re-unification quickly broke into disputes and mutual suspicion. Tracing the historical movement during the first years of re-unified Germany, this article adds to accounts of ecstasy by considering it in conjunction with melancholy, arguing for an ambivalent description of ecstatic experience – and of emotional life more broadly.
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Hörschelmann, Kathrin, and Nadine Schäfer. "‘Berlin is Not a Foreign Country, Stupid!’—Growing up ‘Global’ in Eastern Germany." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 8 (2007): 1855–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38384.
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In this paper we analyse how young East Germans come to be differentially placed in global network space through their socioeconomically and culturally specific engagements with globalised mediascapes and ethnoscapes. We call for greater awareness of the power differentials which shape globalisation, and draw on the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu to show how unequal access to social and cultural capital influences and is reflected in the ‘glocal’ connections through which young people develop and perform their identities. Further, we seek to understand how these differential engagements impact on young people's future trajectories through the development of different competencies. We contend that, precisely how young people are positioned in networks of global–local connectivity matters profoundly, both for the performance of their present identities, and for their future life chances.
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Dedinkin, M. O. "Friedrich Wilhelm Brass, Creator of the Genossenschaft for Proletarian Art in Berlin: the First Experience of a Biography." Art & Culture Studies, no. 3 (August 2022): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51678/2226-0072-2022-3-38-63.
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The purpose of this article is to study the life and activity of Friedrich Wilhelm Brass, founder of Genossenschaft for Proletarian Art in Berlin (1920). Friedrich Wilhelm Brass (1873–1931) throughout his life sought to combine the commercial interests of a contemporary art dealer with the ideas of the social reorganization of the world. One of the first to call himself a communist in Germany, he created in 1920 in Berlin the Genossenschaft for Proletarian Art, the collection of which became the first contemporary western art brought to Soviet Russia. On the basis of this collection kept in the Hermitage and the Russian Academy of Arts, archival materials and work in museum collections in Germany, the history of the emergence of the Genossenschaft in Berlin in 1920, the composition of the participants and the biography of its creator are reconstructed. The relevance and novelty of the article is due to the lack of scientific research on this issue discovered by the author in his works. The life path of F.W. Brass is consistently considered. Trained as a craftsman in Krefeld, Brass made several attempts to establish an art trade there, primarily aimed at the workers’ milieu. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, he tried to interest the party in the prospect of such educational and agitational work. These initiatives proved to be financially untenable. Brass later worked at the German Workshops Hellerau, where the manufacturer Karl Schmidt implemented a project for the mass production of furniture designed by leading European designers and oriented to the widest and most democratic market. During the First World War, Brass was mobilized and spent several years in captivity in Russia, where he met the revolution and returned to Germany in 1919 as a convinced supporter of the communist reorganization of the world. After the November Revolution, several artistic organizations arose in Berlin, whose activities were directed towards the proletariat (the Workers’ Council for Art, the Association of Socialist Artists, the Union for Proletarian Culture, the Proletarian Theatre of Erwin Piscator, etc.). Among them was the Genossenschaft for Proletarian Art of the communist Brass, who collected the works of left-wing artists, mainly expressionists of the first and second generation. Like most of these artistic initiatives, the Brass Genossenschaft could not survive the economic crisis. The unique collection of the Genossenschaft was acquired during a trip to Germany by Comintern Chairman G. Zinoviev in October 1920 and brought to Soviet Russia. Later, during the years of the Weimar Republic, Brass no longer undertook such ambitious projects, continuing to trade in the works of left-wing artists. He worked in Hagen and Düsseldorf, where he died in 1931. The author comes to the conclusion that the figure of Brass represents a new type of entrepreneur for the art market of the 20th century, focused primarily on the promotion of the latest art among the workers, agitation for a new life in the language of art.
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Ivaniuk, O., and Y. Bilodid. "WHILE SAILING ALONG THE RHINE, I HELD IN MY HANDS THE 'RHENISH SAGAS' BOUGHT IN COLOGNE AND READ THEM, CHECKING THE PLACES MENTIONED IN THEM IN NATURE ITSELF." THE VIEWS OF TRAVELLERS FROM THE NADDNIPRIANS ON GERMAN LANDS IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES." Bulletin of Mariupol State University Series History Political Studies 13, no. 35-36 (2023): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2023-13-35-36-34-49.
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The article considers a range of issues related to travel to Germany in the 19 th – the beginning of the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the purpose of travel, routes, choice of objects for review, interethnic cultural contacts. It was established that the purpose of the trips to Germany were rest, treatment and education. Travelers got to Germany in different ways: by steamboat from Saint Petersburg through Sweden or overland through Radzivyliv, Lemberg and the Czech or Polish lands. Guidebooks printed in Germany became useful for travelers. They helped to develop of the travel route, choose the residence, objects for review and decide on means of transportation. The cities that attracted travelers the most were Berlin, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Munich, as well as the resorts of Baden-Baden and Kissingen. During of the 19th century, under the influence of changes in movement in European art – from romanticism to modernism, accents shifted, and interest arosed to various monuments and artistic masterpieces. While in the first half of the 19th century travelers were admired by Gothic architecture, works of the Renaissance, classical opera, ethnographic customs of the local population, in the second half of the 19 th century, attention was paid to modern art, achievements of science and technology, lifestyle, shops, cafes, etc. People, who traveled to Germany, expanded of social circle. There travelers were able to get to know representatives of European elites, leading scientists and practitioners, compatriots. Established contacts were usually long-lasting and multi-year. Sometimes under the influence of new acquaintances and European culture, imperial ideological stereotypes were destroyed and self-identification of travelers from Dnieper Ukraine took place. Keywords: travels, Germany, architectural monuments, memories, M. Rigelman, M. Kostomarov, Dresden Gallery, Cologne Cathedral.
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BABICH, I. L., and J. SCHNELLE. "JAMAL BEY ALBOGACHIEV: PUBLIC AND POLITICAL LIFE IN EMIGRATION." Kavkazologiya, no. 4 (2021): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-4-154-170.
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The aim of this article is study social and political activities by ingush Jamal Albogachiev (1894–1949). This is the first study of this person. This article is based on the archives from France and Germany. Albogachiev was educated in Europe, knew European languages, and became a member of the Foreign Delegation of the Mountain Republic (Versailles, 1919). He married a German woman from Berlin. In 1921–1928 he and his family lived in Germany. In France (1929–1942) Albogaciev lived alone. He collaborated with many public figures: Ali Mardan Topchibashi, brothers Vassan-Girey and Mohammed-Girey Dzhabagiyev. At the same time he worked as a dancer in russian cabarets in Paris. In 1942–1945 Jamal was in Germany, where he became a member of the North Caucasian National Committee. After returning to France, the police investigated the reasons for his stay in Germany. As a result, Jamal was forced to leave for Morocco in 1948, where he died next year. The study of the life of Jamal Albogachiev, his socio-political views and activities showed that his fate was dramatic. Having received an excellent European education and knowledge of European languages, having got to Europe, he could not realize his intellectual potential, couldn’t make a career in Europe. He had the views of the creation of an independent state in the North Caucasus. However, he didn’t become an active member of the most famous and largest emigre movements of the North Caucasus. Despite the fact that he was part of the political North Caucasian elite, he was most often used in secondary or third roles.
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Tumanova, E. E. O. "Linguistic representation of the concept BERLIN WALL in German eonyms." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 30, no. 1 (2024): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2024-30-1-149-160.
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The article is devoted to the study of linguistic representation of the concept BERLIN WALL in modern German. The main goal of the article is to identify and describe eonyms (key words of the epoch) that preserve the historical memory of the Berlin Wall in modern German. The material of the study was eonyms selected from the rating lists of the linguistic action of the German Language Society (Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache e. V.) «Word of the Year» for the period from 1978 to 2020, verbalizing the concept BERLIN WALL. The application of comparative-historical and descriptive methods made it possible to identify eonyms representing the result of linguistic reflection of the most important political phenomenon in modern German history. The article provides a linguocultural analysis of the selected eonyms in synchronic and diachronic aspects. The author describes the influence of the BERLIN WALL concept on the perception of East and West German citizens of each other, analyses the linguistic reflection of changes in political and social life in Germany in the critical era after German reunification. The description of the socio-historical contexts of the emergence of eonyms as representatives of the BERLIN WALL concept allows us to characterise the existing linguistic stereotypes in the German language. The analysis highlights the eonyms and their derivatives, which appear with certain cyclicity, linking historical events with each other and characterising the dynamic development of society and language. The unfolding of the meanings projected in the eonyms allows us to identify the most significant historical events reflected in the concept of BERLIN WALL, to interpret the differences in communicative behaviour between the inhabitants of East and West Germany.
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Wahl, Hans-Werner, Johanna Drewelies, Sandra Duezel, et al. "No Historical Change in Views on Aging and Their Correlates: Emerging Evidence From Germany and the United States." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1111.
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Abstract To examine historical changes in views on aging, we compared matched cohorts of older adults within two independent studies that assessed differences across a two-decade interval, the Berlin Aging Studies (BASE, 1990/93 vs. 2017/18, each n = 256, Mage = 77) and the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS, 1995/96 vs. 2013/14, each n = 848, Mage = 67). Consistent across four different dimensions of individuals’ subjective views on aging (age felt, age appeared, desired age, attitudes towards own aging) in the Berlin Aging Studies and corroborated with subjective age felt in the MIDUS, there was no evidence whatsoever that older adults of today have more favorable views on how they age than older adults did two decades ago. We discuss reasons for our findings, including the possibility that individual age views may have become increasingly decoupled from societal age views.
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Liyanti, Lisda, and Saskia Nabila. "KOHESI SELF-ESTEEM DAN KEMAMPUAN RESILIENSI ANAK MARGINAL DALAM ROMAN PÜNKTCHEN UND ANTON." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 4, no. 2 (2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v4i2.1781.
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Germany nowadays is known as one of the most robust economies in Europe. Yet, at the beginning of 20th Century Germany, poverty became a severe problem that caused a social and cultural impact on the children. Positive self-esteem and resiliency in children were needed to cope with the situation. The roman titled Pünktchen und Anton, written in 1931 by Erich Kästner, describes the children’s life in Berlin dealt with the poverty problem. This research aims to see how self-esteem and resiliency in children described as a life tool for the first figure (Anton) who classified as an adversity child in the novel. This question is answered by using descriptive qualitative method and self-esteem theory by Nathaniel Branden. The result shows there is advocacy in describing a marginalized Anton to become a hero thank to his positive self-esteem (self-efficacy and self-respect). His positive self-esteem builts him to be resilient.
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Eibich, Peter, Christian Krekel, Ilja Demuth, and Gert G. Wagner. "Associations between Neighborhood Characteristics, Well-Being and Health Vary over the Life Course." Gerontology 62, no. 3 (2016): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438700.
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Background: Neighborhood characteristics are important determinants of individual health and well-being. For example, characteristics such as noise and pollution affect health directly, while other characteristics affect health and well-being by either providing resources (e.g. social capital in the neighborhood), which individuals can use to cope with health problems, or limiting the use thereof (e.g. crime). This also suggests that there might be age differentials in the impact of these characteristics, since individuals at different stages of life might need different resources. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on age differentials in associations between well-being, health, and neighborhood characteristics. Objective: This paper studies associations between a wide range of neighborhood characteristics with the health and well-being of residents of the greater Berlin area. In particular, we focus on differences in the effects between younger (aged 20-35) and older (aged 60+) residents. Methods: We used data from the Berlin Aging Study II (312 younger and 993 older residents of the Berlin metropolitan area in Germany). We used survey data on health and well-being, combined these with subjective perceptions of the neighborhood, and geo-referenced indicators on the neighborhood, e.g. amenities (public transport, physicians, and hospitals). Results: The results show that access to public transportation is associated with better outcomes on all measures of health and well-being, and social support is associated with higher life satisfaction and better mental health. There are considerable differences between both age groups: while the associations between access to public transport and health and well-being are similar for both age groups, neighborhood social capital shows stronger associations for older residents. However, the difference is not always statistically significant. Conclusion: Having access to services is associated with better health and well-being regardless of age. Local policy makers should focus on lowering barriers to mobility in order to improve the health and well-being of the population. Since the social capital of a neighborhood is associated with better health and well-being among older residents, investments that increase social capital (e.g. community centers) might be warranted in neighborhoods with higher shares of older residents.
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Salaev, Turgut. "Experience of foreign countries in the context of improvement of the administrative and legal provision of information security in the customs of Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.28.
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In the article certain issues of international experience in ensuring information security are investigated through the use of comparativeanalysis. The main tendencies and priorities of the legal regulation of information security in the European Union, particularlyin Germany and Poland are defined. Also significant accents in the development of customs legislation of leading foreign countries are identified as well. These issues are primarily related to the development of automated systems of customs authorities and the prolife -ration of the use of information and telecommunication technologies in the implementation of state customs procedures. It is noted thatthese tendecies make it necessary to simultaneously ensure an adequate level of information security of the customs authorities of fo -reign countries. The author proposed some ways to improve the administrative and legal support of information security in the customsfield, taking into account international experience.It is noted that the customs are one of those areas of social and political life and legal regulation, which should be mostly correlatedwith international experience in the development of the corresponding sphere, with leading international legal tendencies in theorganization and implementation of customs, as well as ensuring information security in the mentioned field. Taking into account allthe mentioned below, we need to say that the experience of international legal support of information security in the customs sphereneeds to be comprehensively studied, it is necessary to systematize and formulate strategic directions for further improvement of thenational information security system, taking into account such progressive provisions.In the context of achieving this task, it is proposed, for example, to provide clear regulation of the key categories of informationsecurity in this field, also it is necessary to make legislative definition of a specialized entity, which will be entrusted with the task ofensuring information security in the customs. Besides, it is necessary: to strengthen the interaction of customs authorities with otherentities of ensuring information security in Ukraine, to guarantee the participation of the public and non-state actors in ensuring informationsecurity in the customs sphere, and further automation and development of information and telecommunication systems of customsauthorities, improving the technological and technical level of these systems and other activities.
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Salaev, Turgut. "Experience of foreign countries in the context of improvement of the administrative and legal provision of information security in the customs of Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.75.
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In the article certain issues of international experience in ensuring information security are investigated through the use of comparativeanalysis. The main tendencies and priorities of the legal regulation of information security in the European Union, particularlyin Germany and Poland are defined. Also significant accents in the development of customs legislation of leading foreign countries are identified as well. These issues are primarily related to the development of automated systems of customs authorities and the prolife -ration of the use of information and telecommunication technologies in the implementation of state customs procedures. It is noted thatthese tendecies make it necessary to simultaneously ensure an adequate level of information security of the customs authorities of fo -reign countries. The author proposed some ways to improve the administrative and legal support of information security in the customsfield, taking into account international experience.It is noted that the customs are one of those areas of social and political life and legal regulation, which should be mostly correlatedwith international experience in the development of the corresponding sphere, with leading international legal tendencies in theorganization and implementation of customs, as well as ensuring information security in the mentioned field. Taking into account allthe mentioned below, we need to say that the experience of international legal support of information security in the customs sphereneeds to be comprehensively studied, it is necessary to systematize and formulate strategic directions for further improvement of thenational information security system, taking into account such progressive provisions.In the context of achieving this task, it is proposed, for example, to provide clear regulation of the key categories of informationsecurity in this field, also it is necessary to make legislative definition of a specialized entity, which will be entrusted with the task ofensuring information security in the customs. Besides, it is necessary: to strengthen the interaction of customs authorities with otherentities of ensuring information security in Ukraine, to guarantee the participation of the public and non-state actors in ensuring informationsecurity in the customs sphere, and further automation and development of information and telecommunication systems of customsauthorities, improving the technological and technical level of these systems and other activities.
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Bryant, Thomas. "Sexological Deliberation and Social Engineering: Albert Moll and the Sterilisation Debate in Late Imperial and Weimar Germany." Medical History 56, no. 2 (2012): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2011.35.
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AbstractThe physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social engineering, by eugenic interventions into human life in general, as well as into reproductive hygiene and healthcare policy in particular. One of the main sexological topics that were discussed intensively during the late-Wilhelminian German Reich and the Weimar Republic was the question of the legalisation of voluntary and compulsory sterilisations on the basis of medical, social, eugenic, economic or criminological indications. As is clear from Moll’s conservative principles of medical ethics, and his conviction that the genetic knowledge required for eugenically indicated sterilisations was not yet sufficiently elaborated, he had doubts and worries about colleagues who were exceedingly zealous about these surgical sterilisations – especially Gustav Boeters from Saxony.
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Schaefer, Sagi. "Growing Apart: Farmers and the Division of Germany, 1945–1965." Central European History 50, no. 4 (2017): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938917000929.
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AbstractA variety of external forces led to the division of Germany after 1945, and, almost three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, division continues to persist as a social, economic, and political factor in united Germany. This article contributes to scholarly efforts aimed at delineating the ways in which division became a component in the self-perception of many Germans. Focusing on farmers, it shows that their attachment to the land was one such path. At the same time, it argues that farmers were among the first to contend with division in 1945 and, as the most numerous participants in the so-called Little Border Traffic (Kleine Grenzverkehr) between the two postwar states, were keenly aware of the growing division of Germany from its earliest days. The article highlights the choice that farmers made between living in East or in West Germany, arguing that because crossing the border was optional until the mid-1960s, and because land was much less available in the West than in the East, many East German farmers came to associate life in West Germany with the loss of land—and life in East Germany with an ability to keep it. When deciding to stay put, flee westward, or move from West to East, farmers prioritized the degree to which they were attached to their land and property. By making that choice, they cemented their self-perception as belonging to one of the opposing sides. This was not an ideological declaration per se, but rather one rooted in eminently practical considerations.
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Theuring, Stefanie, Welmoed van Loon, Franziska Hommes, et al. "Psychosocial Wellbeing of Schoolchildren during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Berlin, Germany, June 2020 to March 2021." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (2022): 10103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610103.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have affected the wellbeing of schoolchildren worldwide, but the extent and duration of specific problems are still not completely understood. We aimed to describe students’ psychosocial and behavioral parameters and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Berlin, Germany. Our longitudinal study included 384 students from 24 randomly selected Berlin primary and secondary schools, assessing psychosocial wellbeing at four time points between June 2020 and March 2021. We analyzed temporal changes in the proportions of anxiety, fear of infection, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical activity and social contacts, as well as sociodemographic and economic factors associated with anxiety, fear of infection and HRQoL. During the observation period, the presence of anxiety symptoms increased from 26.2% (96/367) to 34.6% (62/179), and fear of infection from 28.6% (108/377) to 40.6% (73/180). The proportion of children with limited social contacts (<1/week) increased from 16.4% (61/373) to 23.5% (42/179). Low physical activity (<3 times sports/week) was consistent over time. Low HRQoL was observed among 44% (77/174) of children. Factors associated with anxiety were female sex, increasing age, secondary school attendance, lower household income, and the presence of adults with anxiety symptoms in the student´s household. Fear of infection and low HRQoL were associated with anxiety. A substantial proportion of schoolchildren experienced unfavorable psychosocial conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/2021. Students from households with limited social and financial resilience require special attention.
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Park, Jong-Ki, and Eu-Gene Seo. "Urban Regeneration for Crime Rate Reduction: A Case Study of Mitte District, Berlin, Germany." Korea CPTED Association 14, no. 2 (2023): 117–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26470/jcssed.2023.14.2.117.
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Urban regeneration plays a pivotal role in enhancing urban safety and residents' quality of life while being closely linked to reducing urban crime rates through transformative changes in city spaces. The improvement of infrastructure, parks, and public facilities connected to residential areas has a profound impact on addressing urban crime issues within communities.
 This study focuses on Mitte, a district in the German capital Berlin, where successful crime rate reduction was achieved through urban regeneration initiatives in high-crime areas. The research conducts a comprehensive case analysis of urban regeneration plans and strategies to identify the specific attributes contributing to crime reduction and the strategic approaches used for crime prevention environment design. The analysis of Mitte's Leopolaplatz area reveals two distinct features of crime prevention environment design implemented through urban regeneration: physical space rejuvenation and enhanced social integration. The rejuvenation of physical spaces involves a clear distinction between private and public areas. The findings of the analysis are as follows: Firstly, urban regeneration of private spaces results in an improvement in residents' sense of ownership and increased surveillance. Secondly, the regeneration of public spaces strengthens their identity and image, promoting a more organic form of surveillance. Lastly, the physical urban regeneration of both private and public spaces contributes to a safer urban environment. The implementation of community strengthening programs further enhances community cohesion.
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ДЗАМИХОВ, К. Ф., and А. М. АБАЕВА. "GERMAN SOCIAL ACTIVIST OF THE 19TH CENTURY HERMANN PÜTTMANN ABOUT THE CUSTOMS OF THE CIRCASSIANS." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 49(88) (September 18, 2023): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2023.88.49.001.
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В статье рассматривается проблема освещения горского этикета черкесов представителями общественно-политической жизни Германии XIX в. Материалом для данной статьи послужил сборник стихотворных сочинений Германа Пютмана «Песни черкесов», опубликованный гамбургским издательством Хофмана и Кампе в 1841 г. После выхода в свет выдержки из сборника появлялись на страницах различных периодических изданий Германии XIX в. В рамках данного исследования был рассмотрен раздел под названием «Странствия и рассказы певца Мензука», представляющий для нас особый интерес как источник этнографических сведений о черкесах. Культура кавказских народов издавна интересовала европейских ученых, часто освещалась как в периодических изданиях, так и в научных трудах и мемуарах европейских ориенталистов XIX в. В статье приводятся отзывы общественных деятелей Германии XIX в. на некоторые поднятые Пютманом вопросы. Цель данного исследования заключается в анализе процесса формирования представлений о черкесах и об их культуре в европейском, в частности немецкоязычном, пространстве к началу XX в. Такая задача вызвана необходимостью расширения источниковедческой базы этнографии черкесов. В рассматриваемых источниках, в частности в черкесских материалах, немецкие авторы пытаются обосновать связь природы и человеческой судьбы. Произведения в стихотворной форме, посвященные героической борьбе черкесов за свою свободу, в романтическом стиле отражают внутренний мир горцев. The article examines the problem of covering the mountain etiquette of Circassians by representatives of the socio-political life of Germany in the XIXthcentury. The material for this article was a collection of poetic works by German Püttmann «Songs of the Circassians» published by the Hamburg publishing house Hofmann and Campe in 1841. After the publication, excerpts from the collection appeared on the pages of various periodicals of Germany in the XIXth century. As a part of this study was considered a section entitled “Wanderings and Stories of the Singer Menzuk”, which is of particular interest to us as a source of ethnographic information about the Circassians. Since ancient times, the culture of Caucasian peoples has been of interest to European scientists, often covered both in periodicals and in scientific works and memoirs of European Orientalists of the XIXth century. The article provides feedbacks from German public of the XIXth century figures on some of the issues raised by Püttmann. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of forming ideas about the Circassians and their culture in the European, in particular, German-speaking, space by the beginning of the XX century. This task is caused by the need to expand the source study base of the ethnography of the Circassians. In the sources under consideration, in particular in the Circassian materials, German authors try to substantiate the connection between nature and human fate. Works in poetic form, dedicated to the heroic struggle of the Circassians for their freedom, in a romantic style reflect the inner world of the mountaineers.
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Lestari, Wijayanti Dwi, and Dedi Pramono. "TINDAKAN SOSIAL TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL AKU MASENJA KARYA RUMASI PASARIBU: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA." MIMESIS 2, no. 2 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/mms.v2i2.4037.
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This research is motivated by the importance of one’s actions in dealing with problem in everyday life, including the social life of the main character in the novel. This research aims to determine the forms of social behavior of the main character in the novel Aku Masenjaby Rumasi Pasaribu. Social behavior theory refers to the theory social behavior from a male expert from Germany named Maximilian Weber or often called Max Weber. The research subject used is the novel Aku Masenjaby Rumasi Pasaribu. The object this research is the social behavior of the main character based on Max Weber’s theory. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data analysis technique uses the reading technique and the note taking technique. Then the results of the data analysis are presented in descriptive form. The results of this study indicate that the dominant form of social behavior that often appears in Aku Masenja is affective social behavior in the form of falling in love, anger, sadness, and suprise. While other actions such as behavior of instrumental rationality in the form of making decision, the desire to make parents happy, and the desire to protect students who are affected by the problem of values rationality behavior in the form moral values and religious values, tradisional behavior in the form of Pasemah community groups, the customs of a tribe in Bengkulu, the use of regional languages only a few forms appear.
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Koffer, Rachel, Johanna Drewelies, and Deborah Carr. "DIVERSITY MATTERS: INTERSECTIONAL INEQUITIES IN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING THROUGH AGING." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.688.
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Abstract Different positions within social hierarchies receive unequal access to resources, leading to health disparities in later life (Agenor, 2020). Research addressing inequities must increasingly account for the many social categorizations (e.g., race, gender, socioeconomic status) that affect individuals‘ lived experiences. This symposium examines the role of intersecting social contexts on health and well-being across the life course. Surachman and colleagues use the U.S.-based National Growth and Health Study to examine the intersectionality between early life socioeconomic context and race on women’s metabolic syndrome severity. Their findings have implications for societal factors leading to accelerated aging across young adulthood and early midlife. Koffer and colleagues use the U.S.-based Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation to demonstrate differential midlife exposure to types and number of major life events across race/ethnicity and education. They subsequently find that major life events increase risk of cardiovascular disease events, indicating the importance of studying the life experiences of diverse women across midlife. Drewelies and colleagues use the Germany-based Berlin Aging Study II to look at the associations among multidomain identity and social background factors on physical, cognitive, and psychological aging. Implications from their work demonstrate the interplay of diversity on health and well-being in older adulthood. Conjointly, findings indicate that intersectional identities play an important role in shaping key outcomes of human functioning across adulthood and aging. Dr. Deborah Carr will critically discuss the three contributions from a life course perspective and provide considerations for future research and policy promoting equity for diverse older adults.
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Hempel, Fabian M., Joachim Krois, Sebastian Paris, Florian Beuer, Adelheid Kuhlmey, and Falk Schwendicke. "Prosthetic treatment patterns in the very old: an insurance database analysis from Northeast Germany." Clinical Oral Investigations 24, no. 11 (2020): 3981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03264-x.
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Abstract Objectives We assessed dental prosthetic services utilization in very old Germans. Methods A comprehensive sample of 404,610 very old (≥ 75 years), insured at one large statutory insurer (Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Nordost, acting in the federal states Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), were followed over 6 years (2012–2017). Our outcome was the utilization of prosthetic services, in total and seven subgroups: (1) Crowns/partial crowns, (2) fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), (3) partial removable prostheses (RDPs), (4) full RDPs, (5) temporary services, (6) relining/rebasing/repairing/extending RDPs, (7) repairing FDPs. Association of utilization with (1) gender, (2) age, (3) region, (4) social hardship status, (5) ICD-10 diagnoses and (6) German diagnoses related groups (G-DRG) was explored. Results The mean (SD) age of the sample was 81.9 (5.4) years; mean follow-up was 1689 (705) days. The mean utilization of any prosthetic service was 27.0%; the most often utilized service type were total RDPs (13.2% utilization), crowns (8.1%), and partial RDPs (7.1%). Utilization decreased with age for nearly all services (except relining/rebasing/repairing/extending RDPs) Utilization of prosthetic services was significantly higher in Berlin and most cities compared with rural municipalities and in individuals with common, less severe conditions according to ICD-10 and DRGs compared with life-threatening conditions or dementia. In multivariable analysis, gender (OR; 95% CI: 0.95; 0.93–0.98), social hardship status (1.19; 1.17–1.21), federal state (Brandenburg 0.57; 0.56–0.59; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 0.66; 0.64–0.67) and age significantly affected utilization (0.95; 0.95–0.95/year). Conclusions Patient-related and healthcare factors determine the utilization of prosthetic services in very old Germans. Interventions to maintain sufficient prosthetic care up to high age are required. Clinical significance The utilization of prosthetic services in the very old in Northeast Germany showed significant disparities within populations and service types. There seems to be great need to better understand the drivers of utilization, and to develop and evaluate interventions to maintain sufficient prosthetic care up to high age.
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Böttger, Tabea, Silke Dennhardt, Julia Knape, and Ulrike Marotzki. "“Back into Life—With a Power Wheelchair”: Learning from People with Severe Stroke through a Participatory Photovoice Study in a Metropolitan Area in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (2022): 10465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710465.
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Severe stroke leads to permanent changes in everyday life. Many stroke survivors depend on support in community mobility (CM). This leads to restrictions and limited social participation. A power wheelchair (PWC) can enable independent CM and reduce such restrictions. This participatory study focused on how people with severe stroke experience their CM in a PWC in Berlin/Germany and what changes they want to initiate. A research team of five severe stroke survivors and two occupational therapists examined the question using photovoice. Stroke survivors took photos of their environment, presented, discussed, and analyzed them at group meetings to identify themes, and disseminated their findings at exhibitions and congresses. The photos emphasize the significance of and unique relationship to the PWC for the self-determined expression of personal freedom. As a complex, individualized construct, CM requires an accessible environment and diverse planning strategies by PWC users to arrive at their destination and overcome suddenly occurring obstacles. Desired changes stress CM independent of external help, increased social esteem, and active involvement in the provision of assistive devices. Voices of severe stroke survivors need to be heard more in healthcare and research to ensure the possibility of equal social participation.
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Matveeva, Anna. "Embassy of the Russian Empire in Berlin on the Socialist Movement in Germany in 1890–1898." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640015152-5.
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The study focuses on assessing the representativeness and relevance of diplomatic documents for the study of key aspects of German domestic politics. Three issues are central to the analysis of the documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire: the completeness of the indicated sources for understanding the factors of the German Empire’s inner policy; the assessment of the subjectivity of the author of diplomatic dispatches, i.e. how much the ambassador&apos;s personality determined the content of the dispatches that he sent to the ministry; the relevance of highlighting key issues of internal life in Germany from the point of view of Russian diplomats. Among constantly present in the messages, the most important was the problem of the socialist movement and the Social-Democratic Party’s activities. The socialists were mentioned for significant reasons: the repeal of the Law against the Socialists, the Berlin Conference on the Labor Protection (1890); elections to the Reichstag (1893, 1898); the Reichstag votes on issues important for Russia. The measures of counteraction to the socialists, discussed by the emperor and the government, also aroused interest. The study of archival documents (1890–1898) allows the author to draw the following conclusions. The dispatches adequately reflect the main trends in the socialist movement and the tactics of the SPD, therefore they can be used to study many internal problems faced by Germany in the course of its political evolution. The development of the social-democratic movement was rightly interpreted by Russian diplomats as one of the fundamental reasons for the internal instability of the German state during the reign of Wilhelm II. At the same time, the conclusion drawn by the diplomats can be primarily explained by the Russian imperial regime and its substantial characteristics, rather than the political realities within Germany itself. They considered parliamentarism, limiting the monarch actions (the state interests), to be the main reason for the high popularity and the broadest electoral support of the SPD. The key factor preventing the monarch from defeating the “coup parties” was defined as the activities of liberal political parties, which demanded the unconditional observance of the freedoms prescribed in the Сonstitution of 1871, as well as the prevention of the introduction of Exceptional Laws and other measures of an extraordinary nature.
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Okrostsvaridze, Nino. "Twofold Muhajirs at the Crossroads of Three Cultures: Turkish Georgians in Bergneustadt, Germany." Kadmos 6 (2014): 241–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/kadmos/6/241-279.
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The contemporary world has been facing legal or illegal migrancy, based on social, economic, political, and religious determination. The number of migrants is growing every day. Mostly they are moving from the East to the West or Europe. Movement is not only physical activity, but it is displacement of culture, traditions and customs from one ethnical space to another one. During migration people take with them part of the total culture. On the new soil they encounter new reality, which could be the reason of dual existence, dissatisfaction. Our research addresses issue of migration of Turkish Georgians in 1960s, from Turkey (Village Hayriye) to Germany (Bergneustadt). Three different cultural elements: - Georgian, Turkish and German, influence their mode of life and affect everyday perception of reality. During the Russo-Turkish War in 1877-78, Achara and other historical provinces of Georgia were attached to the Russian Empire. One part of the Georgian population came under Russian rule; the other part emigrated as “Muhajirs” to Ottoman Turkey. As a result of living in culturally different countries (Russia, Ottoman Empire), the life ways of the Georgian Muslim communities began to diverge. In 1960s due to high levels of unemployment in Turkey and the need for inexpensive labour in the expanding economies of Europe, Turkey concluded bilateral agreement to supply workers to Germany. Approximately one million Turks crossed the border up to 1974, hoping to get rich fast. Twofold Muhajirs at the crossroads of three cultures, without (home) land, the real and permanent one, strangers in foreign and “native” land, torn apart by two sorts of memories, try to make a new beginning, to fit in with new “motherland” (Germany) and at this time to maintain ethnic culture, space and identity.
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Wesemann, Ulrich, Manuel Mahnke, Sarah Polk, Antje Bühler, and Gerd Willmund. "Impact of Crisis Intervention on the Mental Health Status of Emergency Responders Following the Berlin Terrorist Attack in 2016." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 2 (2019): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.60.
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ABSTRACTObjective:The most common crisis intervention used with German rescue workers is Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Results regarding its effectiveness are inconsistent. A negative reinforcement of avoidance, due to premature termination of strong emotions during the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), may explain this. The effectiveness of the CISD after terror attacks in Germany has not yet been investigated.Methods:All emergency responders deployed at the terror attack on Breitscheidplatz in Berlin were invited to take part in the study; 37 of the N = 55 participants had voluntarily participated in CISD; 18 had not.Results:Participants with CISD showed lower quality of life in psychological health and higher depressive symptomatology. Of these, females had lower quality of life in social relationships, whereas males showed more posttraumatic stress symptoms. Emergency responders from non-governmental organizations had higher phobic anxiety. Emergency medical technicians showed more somatic and depressive symptoms.Conclusion:There is no conclusive explanation for why rescue workers with CISD score worse on certain measures. It is possible that CISD has a harmful influence due to negative reinforcement, or that there was a selection effect. Further research differentiating occupational group, sex, and type of event is necessary.
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Studzińska, Dominika, and Magdalena Szmytkowska. "Wpływ płci na doświadczenia migracyjne Polaków w Niemczech. Przykład Berlina i Hamburga." Prace i Studia Geograficzne 69, no. 1 (2024): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2024-69.1-05.
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Gender influences most aspects of migration, placing migrants in slightly different positions in the host country. Gender differences are visible not only in masculinized or feminized migration streams, but also in those that are balanced in terms of gender ratio. In the case of Polish migrations to Germany, the third type of migration streams dominates. This type of migration is characterized by a relatively equal gender structure of Polish migrants. The main aim of this paper is to identify the migration experiences of Poles in the context of revealing gender differences and their potential impact on everyday life in the host country. The article was prepared based on the results of original quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) social research conducted among Polish women and men living in Berlin and Hamburg. The example of Germany as a host country allowed to prove that Polish women and men migrants experience the migration process differently. A significant difference in the context of gender was revealed in the following areas: activity in the public sphere, satisfaction with remuneration and level of knowledge of the German language.
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Elmouelhi, Hassan, Sara Nowar, Hellen Aziz, Nada Abdrabou, Ahmed Mokhtar Gaballah, and Tayseer Khairy. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Between Public Space and Users’ Behaviours. Case studies from Egypt, Jordan, and Germany." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 6 n. 1 (April 30, 2021): 135–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v6i1.1435.
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The current COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China in early 2020 and rapidly spread all over the world, has a considerable impact on people’s daily lives in all its aspects, be it economic, social, and built environment. Countries have implemented different actions and set out various regulations to limit and slow down the outbreak of COVID-19. These governmental regulations ranged between semi and full lockdown as well a curfew was implemented depending on various factors; such as time and the severity of the situation. People have responded differently to those regulations depending on the measures themselves, and their culture. Nonetheless, those governmental regulations have undoubtedly affected public life and public space, residents started reclaiming their public spaces, and they have realized its importance. Some governments responded to their citizens’ behavior, which led to a better public life in the spaces, while in other cases residents have shown a level of awareness and belonging towards public space that encouraged them to initiate movements and campaigns to reclaim their space. This comparative analysis study investigates those different cases in New Cairo, Mansoura, and Hurghada in Egypt, Amman in Jordan, and Berlin in Germany and highlights the relation between the governments’ regulations regarding public space and citizens’ behavior in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows the importance of understanding the behaviors of the citizens by governments to respond accordingly.
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Potyomina, Marina S. "CATASTROPHIC IRONY AND THE POETICS OF FRAGMENTEDNESS IN THE TEXTS OF REINHARDT JIRGL." Practices & Interpretations: A Journal of Philology, Teaching and Cultural Studies 7, no. 2 (2022): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2415-8852-2022-2-50-65.
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This article identifies features of Reinhard Jirgl’s poetics based on the principles of textual disruption, anagrammatic aesthetics, and performativity. A distinctive feature of Reinhardt Jirgl’s idiostyle are discontinuities and violations of narrative, fragmentedness, overlapping discourses, refusal of narrative coherence, stratification and (re)combining of storylines. The events that took place in Germany before and after 1989/90 are represented in the writer’s works as a chronicle of catastrophes. Within the framework of the concept of catastrophic irony, Berlin becomes a specfic conceptual-semiotic space, generating additional meanings. The main means of realization of catastrophic irony are aesthetic radicalism, dissonance between appearance and truth, virtualization of political processes, communicative violations and paradoxes, dismantling, and duality. On the material of the novels “Abschied von den Feinden”, “Hundsnächte”, “Abtrünnig: Roman aus der nervösen Zeit” the author considers particulars of experimental writing, which helps generating new meanings of social life.
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Blanco-Morales, María, Vanesa Abuín-Porras, Carlos Romero-Morales, Mónica de la Cueva-Reguera, Blanca De-La-Cruz-Torres, and Isabel Rodríguez-Costa. "Implementation of a Classroom Program of Physiotherapy among Spanish Adolescents with Back Pain: A Collaborative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (2020): 4806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134806.
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Background: The prevalence of back pain in adolescents is steadily increasing, with negative repercussions on students’ social and academic life. This study sought to improve the ergonomics and musculoskeletal health of adolescents in secondary school by implementing physiotherapy actions within the educational context. Methods: A qualitative collaborative action research approach was used, comprising 49 students, 9 teachers, 11 family members, and 9 physiotherapists. Workshops on ergonomics, stretching, and massage were held. Visual materials were developed to support the assimilation of the information given at the workshops. Data collection included field notes, reflexive diaries, in-depth interviews, and discussion groups. The data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti 6.0 program (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Results: The presence of a physiotherapist in the school context facilitates the acquisition of healthy postural habits. All the adolescents perceived a decrease in back pain after undergoing the program. Conclusions: physiotherapy activities offer students new tools to decrease their back pain and improve their health.
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Keck, Wolfgang, and Chiara Saraceno. "Caring for a parent while working for pay in the German welfare regime." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 5, no. 1 (2010): 107–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.1051107.
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This article presents the results of a study that addresses the strategies adopted by adult children in employment who bear the main care responsibility for a frail parent. The context of the study is the resources and constraints offered and imposed, respectively, by long-term care policies in Germany. The empirical part is based on 34 in-depth interviews conducted in winter 2007-2008 in Berlin and Brandenburg. Five different care arrangements emerge at the interfaces of family resources and constraints, paid work demands, other family demands and policy options. These represent different ways of dealing with the interference that can occur between work and care, and other dimensions of personal and family life. In the conclusion, against the background of the research findings, the authors discuss the role of the German policy framework for long-term care in terms of its efficacy in providing adequate care and in easing work amily tensions in a context characterised by unequal private resources.
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Weigt, Eva. "The Effect of Rapid Structural Change on Workers." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 241, no. 2 (2021): 239–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2019-0067.
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Abstract This paper deals with the question how workers’ labour market and non-monetary outcomes are impacted by a negative sector-specific labour demand shock. This issue is analysed in a setting of rapid structural change that happened in Eastern Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The sector-specific labour demand shock can be assumed to be exogenous to other worker characteristics as it was not anticipated and as career planning was highly restricted in the GDR. Using survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), I find considerable and partly persistent losses in labour market outcomes of workers from declining compared to booming industries. Life satisfaction of workers from declining industries is decreased in the short run whereas the probability to move to the West and to identify with a left-wing political party is increased merely in the longer run.
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Kulkul, Ceren. "Public Space and Social Polarization. A case study of the New Wave Turkish Migrants with a comparative analysis of Berlin, İstanbul & Ankara." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 1 (January 31, 2020): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i1.1128.
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Public space is by no means a place for complete unity or harmony. It is always open to contradiction and struggle. It is a space in which dwellers of the city find various ways to cope with living with one another. This could be in the form of negotiation, or confrontation. Or, it could be where they avoid others, where they maintain distance. Yet, there is always the expectation of all parties, to have one’s own place in that struggle. Turkey has experienced increased social polarization in recent years, and this is reflected in its public spaces. With the ‘us’ versus ‘them’ mentality in politics being also found in everyday urban life, the gap between different lifestyles has greatened, hostility among people has intensified and urban space became a battlefield rather than a ground for commons. Hate and intolerance began to define what is public. In the meantime, a great number of high-skilled, young individuals, particularly from İstanbul and Ankara, began to leave the country to carve out a better future; and, one of the popular destinations was Berlin, Germany. This paper addresses this group of young migrants to make a comparative analysis on the definitions of public space and to rethink the social production of urban space. With thirty interviews and two focus groups, it aims to consider the reflections of social polarization on public space.
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Broecher, Joachim, and Piotr Toczyski. "Niemiecko-polskie doświadczenie, spotkanie, kontakt i dialog w europeizacyjnej pedagogice Andrzeja Jaczewskiego i Karla-Josefa Klugego." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny, no. 66/1 (August 31, 2021): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6007.kp.2021-1.7.
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The shared pedagogy of Andrzej Jaczewski and Karl-Josef Kluge grew out of the political and social changes taking place in West Germany after 1968. Their pioneering work focused on international integration, participation, intercultural learning, educating the gifted, giving space to creativity, and building leadership skills. The international pedagogical interactions initiated at that time were primarily the result of Andrzej Jaczewski’s long life journey marked first by German aggression and World War II and later by his conciliatory response to the postwar West German peace impulse. More than half a thousand participants in German-Polish encounters experienced transformative contact and spaces for dialogue in the Europeanising integration current despite the Cold War. We are reconstructing the shape of this experience and its immediate and distant effects by analysing documents, recording oral histories and describing our own autobiographical encounter experience in the stream of humanistically oriented social sciences. Our exchange of ideas was carried out in 2019–2021 remotely and during study visits to Berlin, Kraków, and Andrzej Jaczewski’s home in Ropki. With this article we contribute to the critical debate on the superficiality of the currently proposed education based on behavioural control in a barren and alienated education system. We advocate a pedagogy that prioritises individual freedom, more vibrant communities, increased autonomy, and cosmopolitanism.
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Hotter, Benjamin, Inken Padberg, Andrea Liebenau, et al. "Identifying unmet needs in long-term stroke care using in-depth assessment and the Post-Stroke Checklist – The Managing Aftercare for Stroke (MAS-I) study." European Stroke Journal 3, no. 3 (2018): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396987318771174.
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Introduction Detailed data on the long-term consequences and treatment of stroke are scarce. We aimed to assess the needs and disease burden of community-dwelling stroke patients and their carers and to compare their treatment to evidence-based guidelines by a stroke neurologist. Methods We invited long-term stroke patients from two previous acute clinical studies ( n = 516) in Berlin, Germany to participate in an observational, cross-sectional study. Participants underwent a comprehensive interview and examination using the Post-Stroke Checklist and validated standard measures of: self-reported needs, quality of life, overall outcome, spasticity, pain, aphasia, cognition, depression, secondary prevention, social needs and caregiver burden. Results Fifty-seven participants (median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 10 interquartile range 4–12.75) consented to assessment (median 41 months (interquartile range 36–50) after stroke. Modified Rankin Scale was 2 (median; interquartile range 1–3), EuroQoL index value was 0.81 (median; interquartile range 0.70–1.00). The frequencies for disabilities in the major domains were: spasticity 35%; cognition 61%; depression 20%; medication non-compliance 14%. Spasticity ( p = 0.008) and social needs ( p < 0.001) had the strongest impact on quality of life. The corresponding items in the Post-Stroke Checklist were predictive for low mood ( p < 0.001), impaired cognition ( p = 0.015), social needs ( p = 0.005) and caregiver burden ( p = 0.031). In the comprehensive interview, we identified the following needs: medical review (30%), optimization of pharmacotherapy (18%), outpatient therapy (47%) and social work input (33%). Conclusion These results suggest significant unmet needs and gaps in health and social care in long-term stroke patients. Further research to develop a comprehensive model for managing stroke aftercare is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02320994.
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Hülür, Gizem, Johanna Drewelies, Peter Eibich, et al. "Cohort Differences in Psychosocial Function over 20 Years: Current Older Adults Feel Less Lonely and Less Dependent on External Circumstances." Gerontology 62, no. 3 (2016): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438991.
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Background: Lifespan psychological and life course sociological perspectives indicate that individual development is shaped by social and historical circumstances. Increases in fluid cognitive performance over the last century are well documented and researchers have begun examining historical trends in personality and subjective well-being in old age. Relatively less is known about secular changes in other key components of psychosocial function among older adults. Objective: In the present study, we examined cohort differences in key components of psychosocial function, including subjective age, control beliefs, and perceived social integration, as indicated by loneliness and availability of very close others. Methods: We compared data obtained 20 years apart in the Berlin Aging Study (in 1990-1993) and the Berlin Aging Study II (in 2013-2014) and identified case-matched cohort groups based on age, gender, cohort-normed education, and marital or partner status (n = 153 in each cohort, mean age = 75 years). In follow-up analyses, we controlled for having lived in former East versus West Germany, physical diseases, cohort-normed household income, cognitive performance, and the presence of a religious affiliation. Results: Consistently across analyses, we found that, relative to the earlier-born BASE cohort (year of birth: mean = 1916; SD = 3.38 years; range = 1901-1922), participants in the BASE-II sample (year of birth: mean = 1939; SD = 3.22 years; range = 1925-1949) reported lower levels of external control beliefs (d = -1.01) and loneliness (d = -0.63). Cohorts did not differ in subjective age, availability of very close others, and internal control beliefs. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that some aspects of psychosocial function of older adults have improved across the two recent decades. We discuss the possible role of sociocultural factors that might have led to the observed set of cohort differences.
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Кючуков, Хрісто, and Сава Самуїлов. "Language Use and Identity Among Migrant Roma." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 6, no. 1 (2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2019.6.1.hky.
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The paper presents the issue of language use and identity among Muslim Roma youth from Bulgaria, living in Berlin, Germany. Interviews with a structured questionnaire on language use and identity was conducted with Bulgarian Muslim Roma living in Berlin, Germany. The results showed that, in order to be accepted by the German Turks, Bulgarian Muslim Roma youth change their language use and identity from Muslim Roma to a new identity - Bulgarian “Osmanli” Turks. The findings showed that the change of language and identity among young Roma in this study served as strategies for integration and acceptance in the German society.
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Barinov, Igor I. "“The naturalized son of Belarus”: The Mystery of Dr. Dittmann." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2021): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2021.1-2.2.01.
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The article examines the biography of Valentin Dittmann, a lawyer and politician of Baltic-German origin, who became a counselor of the Diplomatic Mission of the Belarusian People’s Republic (BNR) in Berlin. The German-language brochure “Weissruthenien” was published with Dittmann’s active involvement and was considered as the main source of information about this region in Germany for a long time. In a broader context, through the prism of Dittmann’s life and activities, the transformation of the system of ideas and motivations of former Imperial elites after the 1917 revolution became the subject of research. The desire to preserve and improve their social status during the political instability has significantly expanded the boundaries of imaginary. In particular, the elite representatives previously loyal to the throne could drastically change their views on the very idea of a “strong state”. From now on their position ranged from federalism to cooperation with those who were previously considered as “separatists”. On the example of Dittmann, we can follow the peculiar experience of the “homo impericus”, who strove to combine the elitist consciousness inherited from his ancestors with national democratic political views and local (Belo) russian patriotism.
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Oelke, Jordan, Andrzej Jarynowski, and Vitaly Belik. "The curious case of the lion from Berlin in summer’ 23: how Internet media shapes risk perception from wildlife-human conflict." E-methodology 9, no. 9 (2023): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/emet.2022.127.136.
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Introduction. This paper explores the reactions of citizens to a perceived security risk at the human-wildlife interface mediated by social and traditional media sources. We take the case study of a reported ‘lioness’ appearing in the outskirts of Berlin as a risk to human and domestic animal life, sparking media frenzies.
 Methods. The subjects’ reactions to and perceptions of risk can be analysed through a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach to information obtained via the respective media channels in covering the phenomenon as a newsworthy event of this research identifies three distinct peaks in public interest and response.
 Results. Following a Foucauldian tradition of problematisation, and a scholarship of critical media studies, we demonstrate that the ordering of animals in relation to society allows for a normalisation of certain threats from human-wildlife conflict while placing others in a state of exception which needs immediate action. We do not take the social conditions of predator-prey relations as a given, but seek to ‘de-normalise’ them and question the level of risk constructed, which plays out across public and media spheres and may carry over into human-wildlife conflicts. Our case study shows how social media posts can lead to the emergence of a perceived risk to society, which is reacted to dramatically, and whose emergency situation becomes a newsworthy event that confirms and seems to justify the level of security measures taken. The engagement of citizens online and with the emergency response teams can be viewed as overreacting to the situations based on having a real sense of danger of a ‘lioness’ penetrating their interactions with larger wildlife.
 Conclusions: That is, until it is determined that no immediate risk exists, and the actions taken are critiqued as a hysterical misinformed approach of ‘city dwelling’ officials lacking knowledge of wildlife in one’s region. We then speculate about what ethical and political repercussions this may create for multispecies co-existence with predators and pests in Germany.
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Irina L., Babich, and Schnelle Johannes. "Kudashev: change of political and ethnic identities in emigration." Kavkazologiya 2022, no. 3 (2022): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2022-3-137-150.
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This article aims to study social and political activities of three generations of the Kabardian Kudashev family: Vladimir Nikolayevich (1865-1945), his son Vladimir Vladimirovich (1905-1979) and grandson Alexander Vladimirovich (1951). After the October Revolution in 1917 and the events in 1918-1919 in Kabarda, V.N. Kudashev and V.V. Kudashev were forced to emigrate to Europe and settle in France. This study is based on new archival materials from France and Germany, as well as interviews conducted by one of this article authors with A.V. Kudashev in Berlin (2020-2022), therefore furthering the findings of Dzagalov and Shapirova (2010). During his life in France, the views of Vladimir Nikolaevich Kudashev, who once comprehensively sup-ported the Russian monarchy and the annexation of Kabarda in the Russian Empire, changed fun-damentally. During World War 2, his son even served in the German army. The change of politi-cal identity that the Kudashevs experienced during emigration was accompanied by changes in their ethnic identity. The Kabardian language and traditions disappeared and were supplanted by Russian and later German roots. As a result, grandson and great-grandchildren of Vladimir Niko-laevich have a German identity. The article examines the features of the processes leading to changes in political and ethnic identities in the Kudashev family.
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Miller, Colleen E., Mary Karpinski, and Mary Ann Jezewski. "Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients' Experience with Natalizumab." International Journal of MS Care 14, no. 1 (2012): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-14.1.39.
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This phenomenological investigation was undertaken to gain a better understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients' experience with natalizumab (Tysabri; Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA) treatment and its impact on their quality of life (QOL). Twenty MS patients who were receiving natalizumab treatment were recruited by the physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, and social worker of the William C. Baird Multiple Sclerosis Center in Buffalo, New York, between March 2009 and November 2009. Patients were invited to participate if they had relapsing-remitting MS, had received at least six treatments of natalizumab, and could articulate their experience. An interviewer obtained informed consent, gathered basic demographic information, and then tape-recorded the participants' accounts of their experience with natalizumab. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and de-identified before being submitted to the investigators for analysis. The Atlas.ti qualitative data analysis program (Scolari, Berlin, Germany) was used to manage the data. Patients found natalizumab easy to tolerate and effective; moreover, they described improvement in their QOL. Patients must weigh the benefits of control of their MS against the increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with natalizumab treatment. Information from this study will be used to educate professionals involved in MS patient care as well as patients and families considering treatment with natalizumab.
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Abels, Wiltrud, Konrad Reinhart, Edmund Neugebauer, et al. "Improving prevention and early detection of sepsis among patient groups at risk: Introducing a model for a multimodal information campaign—The SepWiss study protocol." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0305107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305107.
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Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Annually, sepsis leads to approx. 90.000 deaths in Germany. Risk factors include amongst others older age (>60), innate or acquired dysfunction of the immune system, and underlying chronic diseases of the lung, heart, liver, or kidneys. The manifestation of sepsis is a medical emergency, and patient outcomes depend on timely diagnosis and immediate treatment. In addition, vaccinations e.g., against pneumococci or influenza virus, are a highly effective public health tool to prevent the most common underlying infections that may lead to sepsis. However, a lack of public awareness for the relevance of vaccination and detecting sepsis as an emergency underlines the need for public health interventions that address these issues. SepWiss aims to evaluate the effects of a multimodal information campaign designed to address this lack of awareness among the risk population in Germany. Methods SepWiss is an intervention at state level, consisting of a multimodal information campaign targeting risk groups in the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg (intervention region). Based on available evidence, various information formats were developed and implemented by outdoor advertising, social media, educational formats and through stakeholders’ platforms, starting in August 2021. The control region comprises of the remaining 14 German federal states. We will analyze vaccination coverage (primary outcome), and sepsis knowledge, the ability to detect sepsis as an emergency, and attitude towards vaccination (secondary outcomes) amongst the risk population in a controlled before-after comparison. The implementation is accompanied by a mixed-method process evaluation. Discussion SepWiss is the first project of its kind to evaluate a complex multi-faceted evidence-based information campaign with regards to the topics of vaccination coverage, and the importance of sepsis detection and prevention for the most vulnerable populations in Germany. Results will be valuable for informing further nationwide campaigns. Trial registration German Registry for Clinical Trials: DRKS00024475. Registered February 24th, 2021.
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Kornadt, Anna, Hans-Werner Wahl, and Susanne Wurm. "New Developments in Views on Aging Research: Variability, Innovative Concepts, and Contextual Perspectives." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1106.
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Abstract Views on aging (VoA) such as attitudes toward own aging, awareness of aging or subjective age, have a large impact on outcomes related to positive development in later life. Recent research in this domain has focused on complex research designs and inter-systemic linkages at different levels. Indicators of short-term variability of VoA have increasingly been investigated, linking the respective findings with performance indicators, biomarkers, and trait-like data. In addition, bidirectional relationships of VoA and outcomes over time as well as data contextualizing VoA across historical time may offer new insights on the plasticity of VoA seen in bio-cultural co-construction. The symposium will showcase these recent trends with studies from the U.S. and Germany. First, Zhu and Neupert extend previous studies by linking established VoA indicators with future time perspective, all assessed by means of a daily diary study with 60-90 year-old adults. Kornadt et al. examined the variability of subjective age within a day and the relationship with trait subjective age and cortisol levels. Mejia et al. extend VoA to the area of subjective awareness of fall risks in daily life and links them with physical performance. Wettstein et al. investigate the bidirectional relationship of VoA indicators and perceived stress over time. Finally, we move from the micro to a macro-micro design in Wahl et al.’s presentation addressing historical change in VoA across 20 years in the Berlin Aging Study and in MIDUS. Susanne Wurm will discuss how different levels of VoA analysis will find better interlinkage in the future.
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Verstraete, Pieter. "Exiled lives on the stage: Support networks and programs for artists at risk from Turkey in Germany." Open Research Europe 3 (July 6, 2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15726.1.
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This article analyses the support and self-care strategies of artists from Turkey who have left their country from considerable risk regarding their country’s political and economic instability since 2013 and have relocated to Germany. It maps the support networks, programs and institutions as well as consider questions of sustainability and risk (self-) assessment. The study is based on interviews with Turkish and Kurdish artists in Germany and an analysis of the activities by the Maxim Gorki Theater, Apartment Projekt, bi’bak, Hafiza Merkezi Berlin, as well as support systems like artistic research fellowships, art residencies, artist networks and supportive theatres. The guiding questions of this study examine the longer-term orientation of the support of artists at risk. The findings show three deficiencies. Despite the variety of available support systems, artists who left Turkey experience difficulties integrating in the artistic labour market. The output-oriented, meritocratic basis on which programs select candidates often fail to help artists in a holistic way. The intergenerational disparity in the migrant communities create the infrastructures, solidarity discourses and networks for newly arriving artists, but also creates ideological tensions which limits inter-communitarian solidarity. Specific self-organized programs extend the solidarity to artists from other affected regions, which limits chances to support artists at risk from Turkey. There are generational disadvantages of newcomers in an overburdened, professionalized independent art scene that has struggled to break free from the social work and socio-cultural stigmas. The latter masks artists with a non-German background from positive discrimination initiatives. The study proposes improvement in support systems through a coordinated effort, encourages to relieve programs from a need for identity representation as an expectation or requirement, and advises a shift in support systems from output orientation towards enhancement of individuals through self-care, for greater autonomy and self-development in their art practices and new life.
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Pokulevska, A. I. "CULTURAL-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF LEGAL TEXTS TRANSLATION." INTELLIGENCE. PERSONALITY. CIVILIZATION, no. 2 (27) (December 30, 2023): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4835-2023-27-2-70-75.
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Objective. The objective of the article is to investigate culturally specific problems of legal texts translating from German into Ukrainian and vice versa. Methods. Solving the set tasks is carried out using such methods as analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of translation studies; system analysis, and the continuous sampling technique was used to collect language facts. Results. The problem of translating terminology is one of the main problems of legal texts translating. The main difficulty lies in the ambiguity of German legal terms. Another difficulty is related to the fact that different countries have unequal characteristics in the same spheres of life, and, accordingly, inevitably differ in the sphere of law. This concerns, first of all, the differences between the legal systems of Ukraine and Germany. Therefore, during translation, attention should be paid to the fact that certain facts do not always find an equivalent in another language, because they do not exist in this form. Similarly, the same terms in two languages do not always have the same meaning or scope. Also because in so-called specialized texts, due to their subject matter and frequent linguistic and formal standardization, the influence of cultural features is less than in literary or advertising texts. Therefore, in order to carry out a correct translation of a legal text from German into Ukrainian, it is necessary to take into account the cultural and specific features of both countries, to have knowledge of linguistic and regional studies, history, as well as to possess professional and branch knowledge. Because insufficient knowledge of the history of the people, its culture, customs, social order, features of political life can lead to an inadequate translation. On the other hand, the translation of specialized legal texts should not focus exclusively on linguistic aspects, otherwise a "functionally adequate" translation will not be achieved.