Academic literature on the topic 'Bermuda islands, description and travel'

Using mitochondrial COI-5P as a barcode marker, the red algal species previously identified as Digenea simplex in Bermuda is shown to be distinct from this species found in the Adriatic (type locality) and Mediterranean Seas, as well as other tropical locations worldwide. This finding led to a comparative study of the morphology of Bermuda specimens and D. simplex from the type locality, as well as other congeners. Our data show the Bermuda specimens to be morphologically, as well as genetically, distinct from D. simplex necessitating the description of D. arenahauriens sp. nov. for plants found in the islands and a single collection from the Caribbean Sea. It represents the first species partitioned from the “pantropical” D. simplex and we present genetic evidence of additional undescribed isolates in the species complex requiring further study.

AbstractThe 183 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Bermuda are discussed with respect to their world distribution, origin, long-range dispersal capability, host plants, nomenclature, and the circumstances of their occurrence in Bermuda; most are illustrated. Fifty-nine species are reported from Bermuda for the first time; Oenobotys invinacealis Ferguson (Pyralidae) and Tetanolita mynesalis inaequalis Ferguson (Noctuidae) are described as new. Four new genus–species combinations and four new synonymies are proposed.The Bermuda islands have a distressed fauna dominated by introduced pest species and migrants from the North American mainland and Caribbean Region. About 125 of the 183 recorded species are thought to be established residents; the remainder are assumed to be vagrants. Of approximately 50 resident species identified as probably indigenous, 11 species and three subspecies are endemic, and one of these, Semiothisa ochrifascia (Warren), is believed extinct.All Bermudian Lepidoptera are of American origin except the few introduced Old World species that are nearly cosmopolitan. Like Norfolk Island, Australia, Bermuda has a supersaturated lepidopterous fauna — more recorded species than its land area might support, which can be explained only by a high incidence of migrants and transients. This migratory component is explained relative to long-range movements of the same or congeneric species elsewhere; and hypotheses are proposed concerning the natural history of long-range dispersal in eastern North America and the ability of these moths to reach Bermuda. From a list of 113 species of Lepidoptera identified as frequent south–north migrants on the mainland, 76 are recorded from Bermuda. These include 38 of the 40 best-known cutworm moths of the eastern United States. It is argued that such moths reach Bermuda repeatedly without man's assistance and must regularly travel similar distances in North America.

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia cladii found parasitic on leaves of Cladium mariscus . Some information on its taxonomy, morphology, associated organisms, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Republic of Georgia, Bermuda, American Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Belgium, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Poland, UK and USA (Arizona, California, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, Virginia)) and hosts ( Cladium mariscus, C. mariscus subsp. californicum, C. mariscus subsp. jamaicense and Rhynchospora glomerata ).

The anthocorid Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton), an oligophagous predator of thrips, is widely used as a biological agent. It was introduced in 1964 from the Philippine Islands to control the Cuban laurel thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) in Bermuda, and then in Hawaii and other localities. Examination of specimens from various parts of the world, and a study of type specimens, indicate that several species have been confused since the 1960’s under the name Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton, 1896). The present paper brings: (1) a redefinition of M. moraguesi; (2) the restoration and redefinition of two species erroneously synonymized with M. moraguesi: M. thripodes Bergroth, 1916 and M. pictipennis (Esaki, 1931); (3) and the description of a new species, M. confusa sp. nov., from Guadeloupe. Dorsal habitus views and illustrations of the metathoracic scent gland area and male and female genitalia are provided for each species. M. moraguesi seems to be restricted to the Mediterranean region and Africa. M. thripodes and M. pictipennis are known only by their type material described from Hong-Kong and Japan, respectively. M. confusa sp. nov. appears to be a widely distributed species: discovered in Guadeloupe, its presence is confirmed in Hawaii, USA, Bermuda, and Australia. Literature record indicates, apparently, that the species has often been confused with M. moraguesi and it is likely that the species was used – under this name – for biological control in several parts of the world.

North Atlantic humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)) migrate from high-latitude summer feeding grounds to low-latitude winter breeding grounds along the Antillean Island chain. In the winters and springs of 2008 through 2012, satellite tags were deployed on humpback whales on Silver Bank (Dominican Republic) and in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) breeding areas. Whales were monitored, on average, for 26 days (range = 4–90 days). Some animals remained near their tagging location for multiple days before beginning their northerly migration, yet some visited habitats along the northwestern coast of the Dominican Republic, northern Haiti, the Turks and Caicos islands, and off Anguilla. Individuals monitored during migration headed towards feeding grounds in the Gulf of Maine (USA), Canada, and the eastern North Atlantic (Iceland or Norway). One individual traveled near Bermuda during the migration. This study provides the first detailed description of routes used by North Atlantic humpback whales towards multiple feeding destinations. Additionally, it corroborates previous research showing that individuals from multiple feeding grounds migrate to the Antilles for the breeding season. This study indicates that North Atlantic humpbacks use an area broader than the existing boundaries of marine mammal sanctuaries, which should provide justification for their expansion.

The Gulf of California has many regions of potential tidal-stream energy that have been identified and characterized using in-situ measurements and numerical ocean models. The Midriff Islands region has received particular attention due to its increased current speeds and high kinetic energy. This increase in energy can be seen in the formation of internal wave packets propagating for several hundred kilometers. Here we present a brief description of internal wave measurements travel towards the Northern Gulf and explore energy generation sites. In this paper we characterize the tidal inflow and outflow that passes throughout the Midriff Islands in the central part of the Gulf. We use a three-dimensional numerical ocean model that adequately reproduces the tidal flow and the increase in speed and kinetic energy between the islands. The current flow structure shows the highest velocity cores near the shore and far from the bottom. During the rising tide, the maximum current flow (~0.6 ms−1) was found between Turón Island and San Lorenzo Island, from the surface to 200 m depth. When the currents flowed out of the Gulf, during the falling tide, the maximum negative current (−0.8 ms−1) was found between Tiburon Island and Turón Island, from near the surface to 80 m depth. Although there are favorable conditions for power generation potential by tidal flows, the vertical variability of the current must be considered for field development and equipment installation sites.

The research is based on information services that affect the popularity of the Pulau Pisang and Labuhan Jukung Tourism Areas in the Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung Province. This area has high tourism potential in the form of islands, beaches, and sea. Information services are an important factor in tourism to attract tourist visits. This study aims to determine digital information technology in the form of an e-catalog that includes marine tourism information in the form of a map and a description of the information therein. The E-catalog for Marine Tourism in the Pulau Pisang and Labuhan Jukung areas can support travel agencies in arranging marine thematic tour packages. The descriptive-qualitative research method is applied by using observation data techniques, interviews, and documentation studies of the research object. The focus of the design is on marine tourism activities in the Pulau Pisang and Labuhan Jukung Tourism Areas, namely beach volleyball, swimming, sunbathing, fishing, snorkeling, diving, boating, and surfing, as well as tourism supporting components, namely amenities, accessibility and support services. There are also two forms of travel patterns that are reviewed for tourists, namely through the start and end points of the journey from the same route, or a continuous path with the end point of the trip by visiting new destinations on different routes.

Researchers keen to examine the representation of native people in European accounts of exploration and travel need bring under review the mechanism by which field notes became books, and, once they were books, the multiplicity and diffusion of editions, often themselves quite different from one another. An example that illustrates well this need is British Royal Naval Captain James Cook's posthumously published account of his third voyage to the Pacific Ocean in the years 1776-80. The standard scholarly source is J.C. Beaglehole's monumental edition, The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery (1955-74), a twenty-year editing project for the Hakluyt Society, which made available for the first time Cook's own writings until his death at Kealakekua Bay, Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), on 14 February 1779, during the third voyage. However, the need for Beaglehole's project arose, according to the president of the Hakluyt Society, because the original publications differed very widely from Cook's own writings. They were “official” accounts, published by order of George III, and they performed that always interesting exercise—they “improved” on Cook's own writings. It is well known that Cook did not prepare his journals for the press: in the case of the first two voyages to the Pacific, this was his choice. In the case of the third, the choice was not his to make, he being five years deceased. How wide are those differences?In the case of Cook's description of a month-long mooring in Nootka Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, do substantive differences occur between Cook's logs and journal and Bishop John Douglas' edition? Answering that question necessarily involves consulting first editions of the various published accounts.

В статье анализируются сказания Южного Кюсю, в которых сохранились сведения о путешествии предка династии Ямато в заморскую «страну морского бога» и покорения им народа хаято, обитавшего в Сацума и Осуми. Исследователи пришли к выводу, что эти верхние слои сказания, судя по ряду признаков, относятся к периоду позднего яёй и являлись в это время событием ещё не столь отдалённого прошлого. Кроме того, как установили учёные, понятие подводный мир по представлению древних японцев было синонимом любого места на море очень удалённого от суши.Установлено, что описываемые в сказании события должны были происходить на рубеже II-III вв. н. э. По сообщению китайских династийных историй, в это время в Японии закончились «великие замешательства» (60-е - нач. 70-х гг. II в.), связанные с созданием федерации Нюй-ван-го в северном Кюсю во главе с правительницей Бимиху, а в годы Гуан-хэ (178-184 гг.) случился мятеж противников Бимиху, которые (судя по археологическому материалу) могли бежать в Южный Кюсю. Среди них, видимо, был отец двух братьев – главных героев сказания. Получается, что путешествие в «страну морского бога», описанное в сказании, могло произойти в начале III в.Локализация дворца Тоё-тама-хйко и Тоё-тама-химэ (предков рода Адзуми-но мурадзи) по сказанию находившегося «на далёком острове» определена как местность Тоё-тама на островах Цусима (описанных в китайских источниках как владение Дуйма-го). Сказание о Тоё-тама-хйко и Тоё-тама-химэ, правивших вдвоём «на далёком острове», отражало реальную ситуацию с организацией власти в виде диархии верховной жрицы-правительницы и мужчины-соправителя (яп. химэ-хико) в юго-западной Японии в I-III вв., что подтверждается китайскими и корейскими летописями. Описание дворца Тоё-тама-хйко совпадает с описаниями дворцов местных правителей юго-западной Японии в китайских династийных историях.Таким образом, группа сказаний о путешествии Хйко-хохо-дэми в страну Тоё-тама-хйко (находившуюся на далёком острове) является смутным воспоминанием общинников Южного Кюсю о контактах с населением островов Цусима и общинами северо-западного Кюсю III в. In this article, the legends of the Southern Kyushu, in which data have remained on the travel of the ancestor of a Yamato dynasty to the overseas “country of sea god” and conquest by him of the Hayato people, living in Satsuma and Osumi, are analyzed. Researchers have come to a conclusion that this the upper layers of the legend, judging by a number of signs, belong to the period late Yayoi – and were the event not of the so remote past at this time. Besides, as scientists have established, the concept of “underwater world”, on representation of ancient Japanese, was synonym of any place at the sea, very remote from land.It is established that the events described in the legend had to take place at the turn of the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. According to the Chinese dynastic histories, at this time in Japan have ended “great disorder” (60’s - early 70’s of the 2nd century), related with creation the Nü-wang-guo federations in northern Kyushu led by the woman-ruler Bimihu; and in Guang-he years (178-184) has happened the mutiny of opponents to Bimihu who (judging by archaeological material) could run to the Southern Kyushu. Among them, probably, there was the father of two brothers – the main characters of the legend. In result, the travel to “the country of sea god” described in the legend could take place in early 3rd century.Localization of the Toyo-tama-hiko and Toyo-tama-hime palace (ancestors of the Azumi-no muraji clan), according to the legend, being “on the far island” – is defined as Toyo-tama area on the islands of Tsushima (described in the Chinese sources as Duima-guo community). The legend on Toyo-tama-hiko and Toyo-tama-hime governing together “on the far island” reflected the real situation with the organization of power in the form of diarchy of Supreme priestess-ruler and male co-ruler (Jap. hime-hiko) in southwest Japan in the 1st-3rd centuries AD that is confirmed by the Chinese and Korean chronicles. The description of the palace Toyo-tama-hiko coincides with descriptions of palaces of local rulers of southwest Japan in the Chinese dynastic histories.Thus, the group of legends on the travel of Hiko-hoho-demi to the country Toyo-tama-hiko (which was on the far island) is Southern Kyushu community members’ vague reminiscence about contacts with the population of the Tsushima islands and communities of northwest Kyushu in the 3rd century.

Abstract A description is provided for Lindra thalassiae. Information on the host plants (Halimeda sp., Ruppia maritima, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum sp., Thalassia testudinum and Tydemania expeditionis), geographical distribution (Canada; Mexico; Florida and Texas, USA; Belize; Karnataka and Kerala, India; Japan; Bermuda; Sargasso Sea; Queensland, Australia; New Zealand; American Virgin Islands; Bahamas; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Martinique; Puerto Rico; Trinidad and Tobago; Seychelles; Fiji; and French Polynesia), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.

This study aims to uncover the synoptic weather circulation pattern which is associated with the occurrence of needle ice, snowfall and the zero-curtain effect. The method of study was done through an intensive ground climate measurement campaign from April 2008 to May 2009 with a temperature logger installed throughout the recording period. Results from data analyses indicate that the complex changes in climate parameters may lead to an equally complex response in terms of spatial soil frost dynamics and its direct and indirect effects on soil sediment displacement and ecosystem dynamics. Field evidence in the study suggests that on Marion Island needle ice developed in temperatures as high as -0.2 ºC in strong winds. This confirms that the wet environment of Marion Island, which is dominated by diurnal soil frost is fundamentally different from seasonal frost and permafrost environments. The scoria material is susceptible to needle ice growth and the compacted soil alters the micro-climatology of the affected area making it more susceptible to the formation of needle ice. Soil moisture for needle ice formation and growth is provided by the misty conditions associated with the advent of the cold front (pre-cyclonic). Furthermore, observations of needle ice on Marion show that needles are mostly clear with no sediment inclusion. This is indicative of needle ice formation that has not been interrupted by a shortage of moisture. The zero-curtain effect on Marion Island can occur either as a response to the thawing of the soil after the seasonal freeze. The synoptic assessment of snowfall on Marion Island indicates that; snowfall is associated with the passage of a cold front linked to a strong meridional system of low pressure just south of the island.

This dissertation investigates the ways visitors to Haida Gwaii (sometimes called the Queen Charlotte Islands) have written about the islands. I argue that accounts by visitors to Haida Gwaii fashion the object that they seek to represent. In short, visitors' stories do not unproblematically reflect the islands but determine how Haida Gwaii is perceived. These perceptions in turn affect the actions of visitors, residents and governments. I contribute to that representational process, striving to show the material consequences of language and the ways discourses shape Haida Gwaii. The dissertation consists of three sections. "Early visitors" focuses on the last quarter of the eighteenth century, studying the earliest documented visits by Euro-American mariners and fur traders. "Modern visitors" concentrates on the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, when some visitors were busy imposing colonial forms of government and social organization, while others were resisting these projects. "Recent visitors" concentrates on the final quarter of the twentieth century, examining the campaign to save a portion of the archipelago from clearcutting and efforts to develop alternatives to resource-extractive economic practices. By examining three case studies for each period, I argue that the ways visitors imagine the islands have been transformed in each of these periods.