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Journal articles on the topic 'Bermuda'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Southcott, K. A., and J. A. Johnson. "Isolation of endophytes from two species of palm, from Bermuda." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-113.

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This is the first report of endophytes from the indigenous Bermudian palmetto (Sabal bermudana Bailey) and the introduced Chinese palmetto (Livistona chinensis Jacquin), from Bermuda. Fronds were surface sterilized and 8-mm-diameter disks were removed and placed on 2% malt extract agar. Fungal isolates were obtained from 76 of the 375 disks from both species of palm. Idriella (two species) was the most common taxon isolated from both species of palm, making up 22 of the total 76 isolates, while Aspergillus accounted for 17 of the total 76 isolates. An unidentified isolate (BCP95-A), found in the Bermudian and the Chinese palmettos, accounted for 8 of the total 76 isolates. No statistically significant difference was found between fungal isolation frequencies of the two species of palm.Key words: endophyte, palm, leaves, Bermuda.

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2

Fosbury, Timothy L. "Bermuda’s Persistent Futures." American Literary History 32, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz049.

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Abstract “Bermuda’s Persistent Futures” recovers Bermuda’s significance to the development of the settler colonial imaginations of early America. Following the 1609 wreck of the Sea Venture that began its settlement, English settlers insisted that Bermuda’s apparent lack of any previous Indigenous population, Spanish failures to account for its potential, and its proximity to England, North America, and the West Indies all made the 20-square-mile archipelago an anomalous and exceptional plantation in an emerging colonial system. Writers and officials seized upon Bermuda’s perceived uniqueness to position it as an isolated, vacant laboratory perfectly suited for uncovering what they believed had been waiting to be discovered—an America that was natural to England. Bermuda, in this sense, inspired a corpus of colonial fantasies about the hemisphere’s futures under a permanent English presence that was previously unimaginable to colonial writers. This essay focuses on Richard Norwood’s The Description of the Sommer Ilands, Once Called the Bermudas (1622–23) and J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur’s Lettres d’un cultivateur amèricain (1784) to reconstruct a Bermuda that persistently appeared to lead the way for the futures of American settlement.

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3

Goodbody-Gringley, Gretchen, Emma Strand, and Joanna M. Pitt. "Molecular characterization of nearshore baitfish populations in Bermuda to inform management." PeerJ 7 (July 4, 2019): e7244. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7244.

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Small-bodied marine fishes play an important role in the food web, feeding both larger fishes and seabirds. Often referred to as baitfishes, they concentrate seasonally in coastal areas in large, often heterospecific assemblages that are targeted by both commercial and recreational fishers. Given apparent declines in at least some of Bermuda’s baitfish species over the past 40 years, it is useful to determine the species composition of baitfish assemblages, and how it varies among sites, in order to inform management. Using genetic barcoding of the Cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI), we confirm species identity, assess intraspecific genetic diversity locally, and determine rates of broader genetic connectivity for baitfish assemblages in Bermuda. Species analyzed includedHypoatherina harringtonensis,Anchoa choerostoma,Jenkinsia lamprotaenia,Harengula humeralis,Opisthonema oglinumandSardinella aurita. Species identification based on molecular barcoding revealed some misidentification of individuals based solely on gross morphological characteristics, with an error rate of 11%, validating the usefulness of this approach. Interestingly, sequence results for the endemic Bermuda anchovy,A. choerostoma, were within 1% similarity to the more broadly distributed big-eye anchovy,A. lamprotaenia, and thus additional analyses are warranted to evaluate the genetic basis for endemism. Estimates of genetic diversity within and among baitfish assemblages in Bermuda were high, indicating high rates of local connectivity among sites for all species. As such, management should consider Bermuda’s baitfish species as single, highly mixed populations. However, with the exception ofH. humeralisand the endemicA. choerostoma, significant genetic differentiation and population structure were found when comparing Bermuda’s baitfish populations with those from other regions, suggesting limited gene flow between other regions and Bermuda for these species. Limited regional connectivity has implications for management, as strong genetic divergence suggests that populations in Bermuda are predominantly self-seeding and thus not likely to be replenished from distant populations. These results therefore support precautionary management of baitfish species in Bermuda.

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4

Evans, CR, APM Lockwood, and AJ Evans. "Associations between sea temperature, catch per unit of fishing effort, and yield in the Bermuda spiny lobster fishery, 1975-1989." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950809.

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Results of graphical analyses of annual records of catch, effort and sea temperature indicate empirical quadratic associations between industry catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE) in Bermudan spiny lobster (Panulirus argus and P. guttatus) fisheries and the annual average sea temperature at Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda. CPUE and yield of P. argus and of P. guttatus were each associated by quadratic expressions with the annual average sea temperature of the Bermuda Platform. Annual growth and survival of late juvenile P. argus and P. guttatus into the fishable stock at Bermuda is controlled in a quadratic fashion chiefly by sea temperature with a six-month lag. The optimum annual average sea temperature for the survival and growth of late benthic juvenile P. argus into the fishery stock was 23.6 � 0.2�C (mean � s.e.), and the comparable optimum for P. guttatus juvenile recruitment was 24.1 � 0.1�C. The maximum equilibrium catch of P. guttatus lobsters on Bermuda Platform was estimated at approximately 33 000 lobsters from quadratic regression of yield on fishing effort.

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5

Prognon, François, Isabelle Cojan, Pascal Kindler, Médard Thiry, and Michel Demange. "Mineralogical evidence for a local volcanic origin of the parent material of Bermuda Quaternary paleosols." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (January 2011): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.08.002.

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AbstractThe alternation of carbonate deposits and paleosols compose the emerged part of the Bermuda archipelago. The pedological units present a complex and diversified mineralogy. Former studies demonstrated that the paleosols are not primarily a product of the unique dissolution of the surrounding carbonates, but contain a massive input of allochthonous non-carbonate detrital material. Researchers during more than the past three decades have attributed this flux of insoluble residues (IR) to Saharan dusts. We carried out systematic field and mineralogical analyses on the Quaternary paleosols from the Bermuda archipelago. Their mineralogical assemblage predominantly includes carbonates, clay minerals (kaolinite, chlorite and chlorite/vermiculite), phosphates, and aluminium and iron oxides/hydroxides. This assemblage is strikingly close to the mineralogy of the weathered volcanic substrate of Bermuda, but noticeably different from the mineralogy of Saharan dust. Moreover, we found volcanic lithoclasts in numerous paleosol profiles all over the archipelago and in all the recorded time intervals. We thus consider the volcanic seamount underlying Bermuda as the main source of non-carbonate minerals detected in the paleosols. This hypothesis further resolves the anomalous maturity of Bermudan paleosols compared to their southern counterparts in the Bahamas and Barbados.

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6

Connell, John. "Bermuda." Round Table 86, no. 341 (January 1997): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358539708454342.

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7

St Jane, M., and T. C. Richardson. "Bermuda." Trusts & Trustees 13, no. 8 (June 25, 2007): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttm054.

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8

Komansky, H. M., H. McIntosh, and D. Kessaram. "Bermuda." Trusts & Trustees 14, no. 6 (June 16, 2008): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttn060.

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9

Ferguson, D. C., D. J. Hilburn, and B. Wright. "THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BERMUDA: THEIR FOOD PLANTS, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND MEANS OF DISPERSAL." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S158 (1991): 3–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123158fv.

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AbstractThe 183 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Bermuda are discussed with respect to their world distribution, origin, long-range dispersal capability, host plants, nomenclature, and the circumstances of their occurrence in Bermuda; most are illustrated. Fifty-nine species are reported from Bermuda for the first time; Oenobotys invinacealis Ferguson (Pyralidae) and Tetanolita mynesalis inaequalis Ferguson (Noctuidae) are described as new. Four new genus–species combinations and four new synonymies are proposed.The Bermuda islands have a distressed fauna dominated by introduced pest species and migrants from the North American mainland and Caribbean Region. About 125 of the 183 recorded species are thought to be established residents; the remainder are assumed to be vagrants. Of approximately 50 resident species identified as probably indigenous, 11 species and three subspecies are endemic, and one of these, Semiothisa ochrifascia (Warren), is believed extinct.All Bermudian Lepidoptera are of American origin except the few introduced Old World species that are nearly cosmopolitan. Like Norfolk Island, Australia, Bermuda has a supersaturated lepidopterous fauna — more recorded species than its land area might support, which can be explained only by a high incidence of migrants and transients. This migratory component is explained relative to long-range movements of the same or congeneric species elsewhere; and hypotheses are proposed concerning the natural history of long-range dispersal in eastern North America and the ability of these moths to reach Bermuda. From a list of 113 species of Lepidoptera identified as frequent south–north migrants on the mainland, 76 are recorded from Bermuda. These include 38 of the 40 best-known cutworm moths of the eastern United States. It is argued that such moths reach Bermuda repeatedly without man's assistance and must regularly travel similar distances in North America.

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10

Rand, Thomas G., and Michael Wiles. "Salsuginus bermudae sp.n. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Fundulus bermudae Gunther and Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) in Bermuda." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-280.

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Salsuginus bermudae sp.n. is described from gills of mangrove minnow, Fundulus bermudae Gunther, and mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard), from Bermuda. It differs from S. angularis by its shorter ventral hamuli (20–23 versus 22–26 μm); from S. fundulus, S. spirae, and S. heterocliti by its shorter dorsal and ventral hamuli (17–21 versus 22–26, 22–26, 20–24 μm, respectively, for dorsal hamuli and 20–23 versus 23–29, 23–27, 25–28 μm, respectively, for ventral hamuli); from S. bahamianus by its longer ventral hamulus superficial root (6–10 versus 5–6 μm); and from S. umbraensis by its shorter dorsal hamuli and dorsal bar (17–21 versus 23–24 and 19–26 versus 30–31 μm, respectively). It is indistinguishable morphometrically from S. seculus, yet differentiable from other species of Salsuginus by its dorsal and ventral hamuli and by its accessory piece. Mangrove minnows may be distributed in separate populations in the various Bermudian lakes. Differences in accessory piece morphology allowed discrimination of two morphotypes isolated in separate small mangrove minnow populations from two lakes (Mangrove and Lover's) which have different physicochemical characteristics. A possible isolating mechanism is discussed.

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11

Chappell, Neena L., and Victor W. Marshall. "Social Integration and Caregiving among Seniors in Bermuda." Ageing and Society 12, no. 4 (December 1992): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00005298.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines social interaction among seniors in Bermuda, the relationship of various interaction variables with psychological or emotional well-being, and caregiving. The data come from the first ever social science survey conducted among seniors in this country. The findings are compared with selected industrialised countries. Bermudian seniors have strong social ties, somewhat stronger than have been reported in other developed nations. Overwhelmingly, perceived health is related to life satisfaction and functional disability is related to self-esteem among Bermudian seniors. The lack of relationship with social support may well be due to the lack of variation in social support, with virtually everyone having strong social ties. Informal assistance is strong in Bermuda as has been demonstrated for seniors elsewhere. Similarly, the predictors of informal assistance were no surprise, including functional disability, perceptions of health, and having a household member. That is, Bermudian seniors were somewhat distinctive, particularly in their strong social ties, but otherwise appear to be quite similar to seniors in other developed nations. Their geographical isolation and relative small size are believed to be related to their strong social network.

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12

WAGNER, DANIEL, and ANDREW SHULER. "The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records." Zootaxa 4344, no. 2 (November 7, 2017): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.11.

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The black coral fauna of Bermudan waters is poorly known, in large part due to the logistical challenges of surveying deep-water (>50 m) environments where most species occur. In 2016, the Nekton Expedition sought to survey the deep-water biodiversity around Bermuda using manned submersibles and mixed-gas technical SCUBA. A total of 28 black coral specimens were collected, and these were examined based on skeletal spine morphology, polyp morphology, colony branching pattern and in situ photographs. The specimens were assigned to seven species in three families and four genera, including (1) Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857, (2) Antipathes furcata Gray, 1857, (3) Stichopathes pourtalesi Brook, 1889, (4) Stichopathes sp., (5) Distichopathes filix (Pourtales, 1867), (6) Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857), and (7) Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtales, 1867). Of these, three species (Stichopathes sp., S. pourtalesi, and D. filix), one genus (Distichopathes) and one family (Aphanipathidae) are reported from Bermudan waters for the first time, thereby increasing the known black coral diversity of Bermuda to twelve species, five genera and four families. The diagnostic characters of the taxa identified as part of this study are illustrated and described.

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13

Conlin, Michael V. "Bermuda Tourism:." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 1, no. 4 (June 11, 1993): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j073v01n04_06.

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14

Powledge, Tabitha M. "Revisiting Bermuda." Genome Biology 4 (2003): spotlight—20030311–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20030311-01.

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15

Munk, Walter H. "Bermuda shadow." Atmosphere-Ocean 29, no. 2 (June 1991): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1991.9649402.

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16

Bolton, Sharon C., and Maeve Houlihan. "Bermuda Revisited?" Work and Occupations 37, no. 3 (August 2010): 378–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888410375678.

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This article charts changing power relations within customer services, focusing on frontline service sector managers (FLSSMs): what they do and how they do it. Although increasingly ghostlike in the sociology of customer service work, the FLSSM is a mediator of the often divergent interests of employees, senior management, and customers. Drawing on Kanter’s notion of power failure in management circuits, the article depicts a series of “triangle dramas” drawn from a variety of frontline settings that show how managers can be denied access to “lines of power.” The analysis questions the expectation that FLSSMs have sufficient power to resolve customer dissatisfactions or address structural failings.

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17

Phillippy, Patricia. "Bermuda High." Missouri Review 8, no. 3 (1985): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1985.0077.

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18

Chris Astwood. "From Somerset, Bermuda." World Literature Today 89, no. 5 (2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.89.5.0030.

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19

Hilburn, Daniel J., and Robert D. Gordon. "Coleoptera of Bermuda." Florida Entomologist 72, no. 4 (December 1989): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495046.

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20

Hilburn, Daniel J., Paul M. Marsh, and Michael E. Schauff. "Hymenoptera of Bermuda." Florida Entomologist 73, no. 1 (March 1990): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495342.

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21

Geman, Hélyette. "The Bermuda Triangle." Journal of Alternative Investments 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2000): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2000.318922.

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22

Marlowe, Karl. "Psychiatry in Bermuda." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 4 (April 1999): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.4.236.

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Bermuda has one psychiatric hospital, which is organised along a programme model; an acute programme, a rehabilitation programme, a child and adolescent programme, a substance misuse programme and a learning disability programme. Bermuda has good resources and the majority of staff are trained in British hospitals. There has been a shift away from the stigma of mental hospitals towards a more community-oriented mental health service.

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23

Somford, Matthijs Paul, Daniël Hoornenborg, and Jan-Joost Wiegerinck. "Kager's “Bermuda” Triangle." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 53, no. 4 (July 2014): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2014.02.002.

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24

Lowry, Richard. "Archaeology in Bermuda." Post-Medieval Archaeology 45, no. 1 (June 2011): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581311x12983864587855.

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25

Chappell, Edward A. "The Bermuda house." Post-Medieval Archaeology 45, no. 1 (June 2011): 93–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581311x12983864588052.

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26

Toggweiler, J. R. "Vanishing in Bermuda." Nature 372, no. 6506 (December 1994): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372505a0.

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27

Guishard, M. P., E. A. Nelson, J. L. Evans, R. E. Hart, and D. G. O’Connell. "Bermuda subtropical storms." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 97, no. 1-4 (March 14, 2007): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-006-0255-y.

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28

Iliffe, Thomas M., and Fernando Calderón-Gutiérrez. "Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts." Diversity 13, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080352.

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Bermuda is an Eocene age volcanic island in the western North Atlantic, entirely capped by Pleistocene eolian limestone. The oldest and most highly karstified limestone is a 2 km2 outcrop of the Walsingham Formation containing most of the island’s 150+ caves. Extensive networks of submerged cave passageways, flooded by saltwater, extend under the island. In the early 1980s, cave divers initially discovered an exceptionally rich and diverse anchialine community inhabiting deeper sections of the caves. The fauna inhabiting caves in the Walsingham Tract consists of 78 described species of cave-dwelling invertebrates, including 63 stygobionts and 15 stygophiles. Thus, it represents one of the world’s top hotspots of subterranean biodiversity. Of the anchialine fauna, 65 of the 78 species are endemic to Bermuda, while 66 of the 78 are crustaceans. The majority of the cave species are limited in their distribution to just one or only a few adjacent caves. Due to Bermuda’s high population density, water pollution, construction, limestone quarries, and trash dumping produce severe pressures on cave fauna and groundwater health. Consequently, the IUCN Red List includes 25 of Bermuda’s stygobiont species as critically endangered.

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29

Outerbridge, Mark, John Davenport, and Anne F. Glasspool. "Reproductive seasonal periodicity of the endemic Bermuda killifish Fundulus bermudae in an anchialine pond." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 3 (May 16, 2007): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407053982.

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A total of 245 individuals from a population of the endemic Bermuda killifish Fundulus bermudae in an isolated anchialine pond (Mangrove Lake) were trapped between November 2004 and November 2005. Laboratory analysis of gonad development allowed determination of the seasonal reproductive cycles of both females and males. A distinctive annual pattern was evident, with female and male gonadal cycles synchronous throughout the study period. The results indicate that the F. bermudae males and females began their spawning season in February, but reached primary peaks in May and June respectively. Gonadal indices abruptly fell after June and continued to fall at a steady rate until September, marking the end of the spawning season. Gonad recrudescence, as indicated by basal gonad indices, occurred in September and lasted throughout the autumn and early winter months.

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30

Liu, Guofan, and Kent D. Kobayashi. "Effect of Shade on the Growth of Four Turfgrasses." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 649d—649. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.649d.

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Four turfgrasses (Z-3, Seashore Paspalum, Common Bermuda, and Tif dwarf Bermuda) were grown outdoors in pots under different shade conditions (0%, 30%, and 50% shade) from August to December 1995. Dry weight of clippings taken every two weeks was determined. Turfgrass growth in the three shade treatments were significantly different, and the growth of the turfgrasses were highly significantly different. In the 0% and 30% shade treatments, Common Bermuda and Seashore Paspalum grew similarly, and their dry weights were significantly greater than those of Z-3 and Tif dwarf Bermuda. However, under 50% shade, only Seashore Paspalum grew significantly greater than the others. Comparing growth among the shade treatments for each turfgrass, we found no significantly differences. Only Common Bermuda grew significantly less under 50% shade than under 0% and 30% shade. Common Bermuda is good for golf courses because of its fast growth and attractiveness. Seashore Paspalum can be used for home lawns because of its vigorous growth and shade tolerance. Z-3 turfgrass, an attractive new variety for home lawns, despite its slow growth, is tolerant of different shade conditions.

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Parham, James F., Mark E. Outerbridge, Bryan L. Stuart, David B. Wingate, Helmut Erlenkeuser, and Theodore J. Papenfuss. "Introduced delicacy or native species? A natural origin of Bermudian terrapins supported by fossil and genetic data." Biology Letters 4, no. 2 (February 12, 2008): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0599.

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Humans have greatly altered the natural distribution of species, making it difficult to distinguish between natural and introduced populations. This is a problem for conservation efforts because native or introduced status can determine whether a species is afforded protection or persecuted as an invasive pest. Holocene colonization events are especially difficult to discern, particularly when the species in question is a naturally good disperser and widely transported by people. In this study, we test the origin of such a species, the diamondback terrapin ( Malaclemys terrapin ), on Bermuda using a combination of palaeontologic (fossil, radiometric and palaeoenvironmental) and genetic data. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that terrapins are relatively recent (between 3000 and 400 years ago) natural colonizers of Bermuda. The tiny population of Bermudian terrapins represents the second naturally occurring non-marine reptile that still survives on one of the most densely populated and heavily developed oceanic islands in the world. We recommend that they should be given protection as a native species.

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Johnston, Michael C., Christopher E. Holloway, and Robert S. Plant. "Cloud Trails past Bermuda: A Five-Year Climatology from 2012 to 2016." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 12 (November 14, 2018): 4039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0141.1.

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Abstract Cloud trails are primarily thermally forced bands of cloud that extend downwind of small islands. A novel algorithm to classify conventional geostationary visible-channel satellite images as cloud trail (CT), nontrail (NT), or obscured (OB) is defined. The algorithm is then applied to the warm season months of five years at Bermuda comprising 16 400 images. Bermuda’s low elevation and location make this island ideal for isolating the role of the island thermal contrast on CT formation. CTs are found to occur at Bermuda with an annual cycle, peaking in July, and a diurnal cycle that peaks in midafternoon. Composites of radiosonde observations and ERA-Interim data suggest that a warm and humid low-level environment is conducive for CT development. From a Lagrangian perspective, wind direction modulates CT formation by maximizing low-level heating on local scales when winds are parallel to the long axis of the island. On larger scales, low-level wind direction also controls low-level humidity through advection.

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33

Knap, Anthony H., Thomas D. Sleeter, and Idwal Wyn Hughes. "CASE HISTORY: THE GROUNDING OF THE M/T TIFOSO, 1983—A TEST OF BERMUDA'S CONTINGENCY PLAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-289.

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ABSTRACT On January 20, 1983, the Liberian-registered 138,823 dwt vessel M/T Tifoso stranded on the northeast reef line of the Island of Bermuda at 32°28′25″ N, 64°46′08″ W. The ship was in ballast and contained approximately 450 tons of No. 6 fuel oil and 300 tons of No. 2 fuel oil and lubricating oil. Bermuda had developed an oil spill contingency plan in 1980, but this incident was the first major threat to the island's marine environment and the first test of the plan. This paper outlines the events leading to the spill, the state of readiness of a small island with a tourist-based economy, the contingency plan, and the response. Due to a previous arrangement with the U. S. government, the U. S. Coast Guard Atlantic Strike Team responded with equipment and personnel. Using additional equipment and personnel based on Bermuda and also U.S. Coast Guard pumps, most of the bunkered oil was removed (approximately 470 tons) and contained within 48 hours of grounding. Because of the existence of the contingency plan, previous training of Bermudians by the U.S. Coast Guard, and the rapid action of the Coast Guard strike team, an effective response was achieved. Approximately 20 tons of oil were spilled from the flooded engine room when the vessel was refloated. However, due to fortuitous weather conditions, no oil reached Bermuda's shores.

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Wingate, David B., Jeremy L. Madeiros, and James A. Kushlan. "Green Heron Colonizes Bermuda." Waterbirds 32, no. 1 (March 2009): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0120.

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35

Richardson, Randall M. "Bermuda stretches a point." Nature 350, no. 6320 (April 1991): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350655a0.

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36

Lebour, Marie V. "Some Euphausids from Bermuda*." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 119, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00910.x.

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37

Ahrens, Wolfgang P., and Sheila Embleton. "The Naming of Bermuda." Names 47, no. 3 (September 1999): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/nam.1999.47.3.191.

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Anderson, A. R. "Commercial Trusts in Bermuda." Trusts & Trustees 5, no. 1 (November 1, 1998): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/5.1.15.

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Pearman, P. "Trust law in Bermuda." Trusts & Trustees 9, no. 7 (June 1, 2003): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/9.7.12.

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Ward, Jack A., Anthony Knap, and Jay M. Short. "Bermuda welcomes careful prospectors." Nature 430, no. 7001 (August 2004): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/430723b.

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Nice, Margaret M., and W. R. P. Bourne. "THE BLUEBIRD IN BERMUDA." Ibis 100, no. 1 (April 3, 2008): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1958.tb00372.x.

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Cochran-Smith, Marilyn. "Teacher Education's Bermuda Triangle." Journal of Teacher Education 54, no. 4 (September 2003): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487103256793.

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Thomas, Martin L. H. "Mangrove swamps in Bermuda." Atoll Research Bulletin 386 (1993): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.386.1.

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Karanjac, Jasminko. "UNITED NATIONS BERMUDA PROJECT." Ground Water 23, no. 5 (September 1985): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb01520.x.

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Gage, Andrea J., Shelly Mumma, and Susan Fritz. "Exploring the Bermuda Triangle." Journal of Leadership Education 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12806/v3/i2/tf3.

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Mockford, Edward L. "Psocoptera (Insecta) from Bermuda." Journal of Natural History 23, no. 5 (October 1989): 1177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938900771041.

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Purkiss, S. F. "Motorcycle injuries in Bermuda." Injury 21, no. 4 (July 1990): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(90)90009-j.

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Chappell, Neena L. "Status report from Bermuda." Ageing International 22, no. 4 (December 1995): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681904.

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Johnson, Jackie, and Mark Holub. "Stanley Works: to Bermuda or not to Bermuda, that was the question." Journal of Financial Crime 11, no. 2 (April 2004): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590790410809112.

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Olson, Storrs L., and Peter A. Meylan. "A Second Specimen of the Pleistocene Bermuda Tortoise, Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 8, no. 2 (December 2009): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-0766.1.

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