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Journal articles on the topic 'Berry-picking'
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1
Stedler, Harding. "Berry Picking." Great Lakes Review 11, no. 1 (1985): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20172764.
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Chen, Jiayao, Ying Wang, Dongtai Liang, Wenhao Xu, and Yang Chen. "Design of a Buffered Longitudinal Vibratory Picking Mechanism for Berry Shrub Fruits." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14119.
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HighlightsA spring buffering system was added to a longitudinal vibration picking mechanism for berry shrub fruits.Vibration models of the picking part and side branch were established to obtain the vibration relationship.Blueberry picking experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the picking mechanism.Abstract. Current berry shrub picking mechanisms are generally rigid structures, which can easily cause the mechanism to jam and produce rigid impacts, damaging the berry shrub branches. In view of this situation, a longitudinal vibratory picking mechanism for berry shrub fruits is proposed in this study with a spring system added to provide a buffering effect. Vibration models were established for the picking part and for the berry shrub side branch, and analysis was performed to obtain the vibration relationships. Using blueberry as an example, suitable parameters were determined through calculation and then used in blueberry picking experiments with a prototype of the picking mechanism. The experiments verified that the vibration frequency calculated with the vibration relationships can meet the requirements for picking, and the performance of the longitudinal vibratory picking mechanism for berry shrub fruits was verified. Keywords: Berry shrub picking, Buffer, Longitudinal vibration, Vibration analysis.
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Hemphill, Lucy. "Aliwas Goes Berry-Picking." Book 2.0 9, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00006_7.
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Ezzard, Lisa A. "Berry Picking in the Appalachians." Appalachian Heritage 32, no. 3 (2004): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2004.0042.
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Maness, N. O., D. R. Chrz, K. Striegler, I. Wahem, and T. G. McCollum. "EVALUATION OF SELECTED FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES FOR SEVEN STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 495g—496. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.495g.
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Fresh strawberries are highly perishable commodities, and berry quality at harvest delimits their potential shelf life. We are conducting harvest quality evaluations for seven commercially available cultivars. Seven different fruit characteristics were chosen to assess cultivar performance during the early, middle and late phases of the picking season: marketable berry yield, berry weight, berry firmness, berry color (“a” value), percept soluble solids, titratable acidity (percent citric acid) and the ratio between soluble solids and titratable acidity. Marketable berry yield, berry weight and berry firmness varied substantially between cultivars. A few differences were observed between cultivars for berry color. Berry flavor, as evidenced by the ratio between soluble solids and acidity, was also apparently different between cultivars with three of the seven cultivars consistently exhibiting higher ratios. The relationship of each measured parameter to quality will be discussed.
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Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, José Gérin-Lajoie, Laura Siegwart Collier, Sarah Desrosiers, Carmen Spiech, Gregory H. R. Henry, Luise Hermanutz, Esther Lévesque, and Alain Cuerrier. "Berry Plants and Berry Picking in Inuit Nunangat: Traditions in a Changing Socio-Ecological Landscape." Human Ecology 47, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-018-0044-5.
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Absolon, Kathy, and Cam Willett. "Aboriginal Research: Berry Picking and Hunting in the 21st Century." First Peoples Child & Family Review 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069581ar.
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In this article issues around research methodology specific to Aboriginal people will be discussed. A brief historical analysis lays a foundation for the need for unique research methodologies as it pertains to Aboriginal people both as researched and researcher. Contemporary critiques by Aboriginal writers and communities will be presented in relation to the limitations and effects of Euro-western research methods. Finally, the authors will discuss issues, possibilities and responsibilities around conducting research as Aboriginal researchers.
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Vaara, Matti, Olli Saastamoinen, and Marjut Turtiainen. "Changes in wild berry picking in Finland between 1997 and 2011." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 6 (September 2013): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2013.786123.
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Pouta, Eija, Tuija Sievänen, and Marjo Neuvonen. "Recreational Wild Berry Picking in Finland—Reflection of a Rural Lifestyle." Society & Natural Resources 19, no. 4 (April 2006): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920500519156.
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Kane, Julie. "Bitch Sonnet, and: Berry-Picking, and: Whisker, and: Aš Nekalbu Lietuviškai." Prairie Schooner 80, no. 1 (2006): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2006.0076.
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Zaman, Qamar U., Muhammad W. Jameel, Aitazaz A. Farooque, Travis J. Esau, and Arnold W. Schumann. "Impact of Wild Blueberry Fruit Characteristics and Machine Parameters on Performance of a Mechanical Harvester: Basis for Automation." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 3 (2020): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13018.
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HighlightsAutomated harvesting of wild blueberry can decrease cost of production.Ground speed and header RPM of a wild blueberry harvester have been evaluated for efficiency.Increased harvestable yield will generate more revenue for wild blueberry growers.This study suggests automation of the wild blueberry harvester to improve harvest efficiency.Abstract. Mechanical harvesting of wild blueberries results in fruit losses during manual adjustment of harvester’s operations in fields of variable fruit characteristics (fruit yield, fruit zone, and fruit diameter). This study examined the impact of fruit characteristics and machine operating parameters including harvester ground speed (1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 km h-1) and header revolutions per minute (26, 28, and 30 rpm) on berry losses. Fruit characteristics were classified into two categories; i.e., fruit zone (LFZ: low fruit zone - average plant height = 17 cm and HFZ; high fruit zone - average plant height > 17 cm) and fruit yield (LFY; low fruit yield - average yield = 3000 kg ha-1 and HFY; high fruit yield - average yield > 3000 kg ha-1). Experimental treatments (ground speed × RPM: 3×3) were randomly replicated thrice under factorial design in four fields at each combination of fruit characteristics (LFZ-LFY, LFZ-HFY, HFZ-LFY, and HFZ-HFY). The fruit diameter was used as a co-variate in this study. With moderate to high variability in fruit characteristics and berry losses within the selected fields, the picking performance of the tested harvester was better in the high fruit zone irrespective of fruit yield at all treatment combinations of ground speed and header rpm. There were lesser fruit losses in high yielding areas at the lowest ground speed and header rpm. The harvester’s picking performance was better in high fruit zone areas at a traditional head height of up to 10 cm above ground. However, 5%-15% variations in fruit zone reduced berry picking efficiency at a constant head height. It is concluded that the selection of an ideal combination of harvester ground speed and header rpm based on crop variations in blueberry fields can minimize berry losses during harvesting. The findings of this study would suggest that automation of the tested wild blueberry harvester could improve harvest efficiency Keywords: Automation, Fruit losses, Mechanical harvester, Operational settings, Wild blueberry.
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La Mela, Matti. "Property rights in conflict: wild berry-picking and the Nordic tradition ofallemansrätt." Scandinavian Economic History Review 62, no. 3 (January 31, 2014): 266–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2013.876928.
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Gupton, C. L., J. M. Spiers, and A. D. Draper. "POTENTIAL OF SOME INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS IN BREEDING SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 862e—862. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.862e.
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Eight clones with various Vaccinium species in their background were evaluated to determine their potential for improving fruit characteristics in the southern highbush blueberry. One clone was crossed with each of the others to produce seven sets of progenies which were evaluated with the parent clones. Heritability estimates were computed as the regression of progeny on parental means for each character. The progenies ranged from small to average berry size and weight, were above average for picking scar, and were generally less than average for color, firmness, and flavor. Mean of progenies was not significantly different from the parental mean for any character. Very high (0.45-0.85) heritability estimates were found for each character except berry firmness (0.22). These results suggest that considerable improvement in each character except possibly berry firmness should result from phenotypic recurrent selection in a broad based population involving these parents.
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Orchard, Marcos, Carlos Muñoz-Poblete, Juan Ignacio Huircan, Patricio Galeas, and Heraldo Rozas. "Harvest Stage Recognition and Potential Fruit Damage Indicator for Berries Based on Hidden Markov Models and the Viterbi Algorithm." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 4421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204421.
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This article proposes a monitoring system that allows to track transitions between different stages in the berry harvesting process (berry picking, waiting for transport, transport and arrival at the packing site) solely using information from temperature and vibration sensors located in the basket. The monitoring system assumes a characterization of the process based on hidden Markov models and uses the Viterbi algorithm to perform inferences and estimate the most likely state trajectory. The obtained state trajectory estimate is then used to compute a potential damage indicator in real time. The proposed methodology does not require information about the weight of the basket to identify each of the different stages, which makes it effective and more efficient than other alternatives available in the industry.
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Galeas, Patricio, Carlos Muñoz, Juan Huircan, Mario Fernandez, Luis Segura-Ponce, and Cristian Duran-Faundez. "Smartbins: Using Intelligent Harvest Baskets to Estimate the Stages of Berry Harvesting." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061361.
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In some important berry-producing countries, such as Chile, the fruit is harvested manually. The markets for these products are generally very distant, and any damage caused to the fruit during harvesting will be expressed in its shelf life. The first step to understanding the harvesting process is to identify what happens to the harvest baskets in each stage (picking, wait-full, transport-full, freezing tunnel, emptying and transport-empty), allowing variables that can affect the shelf life to be identified. This article proposes the use of Smartbins, intelligent harvest baskets with sensors to collect weight, temperature, and vibration data. Combined analysis of the variables collected, using machine learning algorithms, allows the system to estimate which stage the basket is at with an accuracy of 80%, and to assess whether the fruit has been exposed to situations that could affect its shelf life. Due to imbalance characteristics of the data collected, the best results were obtained in longer stages (picking and wait-full stages with 89% and 86% respectively).
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Gupton, Creighton L., and Barbara J. Smith. "Performance of New Muscadine Cultivars and Selections in Mississippi." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 592a—592. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.592a.
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Eight cultivars, including five recent releases, five selections from the Florida AES, and 16 selections from the Georgia AES were planted in the muscadine germplasm working collection at McNeil, Miss., in 1992. All cultivars and one replication of the selections were evaluated in 1997. None of the new cultivars yielded as much as `Fry', the standard fresh fruit cultivar. The percent dry picking scar of `Dixie' and `Fry' was low. `Tara', `Polyanna', and `Fry' produced the largest berries. Percent soluble solids was lowest in `Fry', `Nesbitt', and `Alachua' but highest in `Dixie' berries. `Fry', `Alachua', and `Polyanna' had the lowest and the other cultivars did not differ in number of seed per berry. One selection, 33-1-4, appeared to have the qualities of a potential cultivar. Incidence and severity of berry rots were generally low.
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Sörensson, Erika, and Hildur Kalman. "Care and concern in the research process: meeting ethical and epistemological challenges through multiple engagements and dialogue with research subjects." Qualitative Research 18, no. 6 (November 30, 2017): 706–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794117743466.
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By addressing a case of data collection strategies applied in research on Thai migration to the Swedish wild-berry industry, this article argues for how a feminist approach based on care and concern for research subjects both safeguards ethical concerns and promotes good knowing. The data collection procedures were designed in a step-by-step manner, including the research subjects as much as possible at different times and in different ways in an attempt to create preconditions for a more inclusive production of knowledge. In-depth interviews, participant observation, photo documentation and group interviews were used, which facilitated the possibility to understand the content and meanings of wild-berry picking from the workers’ points of view. Through prolonged contact, including repeated encounters and dialogue with research subjects, in-depth knowledge was produced concerning Thai migrations to Sweden, as migration was set in relation to the migrants’ life courses and living conditions.
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Karst, Amanda L., and Nancy J. Turner. "Local Ecological Knowledge and Importance of Bakeapple (Rubus chamaemorus L.) in a Southeast Labrador Métis Community." Ethnobiology Letters 2 (July 15, 2011): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.2.2011.28.
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Bakeapple, or cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.; Rosaceae) is a circumpolar perennial with orange aggregate fruits, which has been a vital food resource for many northern peoples including those of the Subarctic and Arctic areas of North America. This study documented the importance and local knowledge of bakeapple in the predominantly Métis community of Charlottetown, Labrador. The cultural importance of bakeapple is evidenced by the social customs surrounding its picking, by its prevalence in people’s homes and at community events, and by its formal and informal economic exchange, within and outside the community. The local ecological knowledge of bakeapple that residents of Charlottetown possessed also illustrates its importance. Local knowledge of interviewees included different habitat types associated with various bakeapple densities and fruit sizes, bakeapple development/phenology (e.g., “turned in” stage) and variations in the berry (e.g. in color and size). Bakeapple remains a culturally important species with a high profile in Charlottetown, although lack of interest in bakeapple picking by younger people may affect future use.
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Kovalčík, M. "Value of forest berries and mushrooms picking in Slovakia's forests." Beskydy 7, no. 1 (2014): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/beskyd201407010039.
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Non-wood forest products have important commercial, environmental, social and recreational roles in many European forests. Collecting wild foods from the forests now largely represents a form of recreation. In some countries, any revenues from the sale of wild food are exempted from income tax. The main objective of this work is to estimate the value of the selected forest berries and mushroom picking in Slovak forests. A random sample of 5,168 Slovak inhabitants was surveyed, with 1,534 interviews in 2006, 1,732 interviews in 2007, 1,402 interviews in 2008 and with 500 interviews in 2011. Face to face interviews were used and people were asked to answer prefilled questions. Based on the results of the survey, the most collected forest berry is blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), one third of respondents stated, that they picked them either for own consumption or for sale. Harvest activity in mushrooms picking is connected mainly with Boletus sp. They were picked by two-thirds of respondents for own consumption and by 2 % for sale. Mushrooms picking implies revenues of around 110–140 mil € annually. Levels of activity differed in each year. It can be influenced also by poorer crop in some years. In general, average price was higher in years with lower harvest.
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Kowalenko, C. G. "An evaluation of estimating and indexing methods to simplify the determination of management treatment effects on raspberry yields." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-060.
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The effectiveness of using several proposals to estimate or index yield and size of raspberries as an alternative to picking berries as they ripen was examined in two field plot trials over two seasons at two locations in south coast British Columbia. The evaluation included examination of general correlations of the proposed estimate and index values with fresh picked yield, comparison of the significant nutrient and inter-row management treatment effects on proposed method values with effects on fresh picked yield values, influence of individual cane variability to distinguish significant treatment effects, and the effect of N on plant components used to derive the estimate and index method. Correlation coefficients for all yield estimate and index method values with fresh picked yields were generally good. Crop management treatment effects determined by the estimate and index values, however, were not the same as determined by harvesting the berries as they ripened. This showed that the estimate and index method values were biased relative to picked yield. Cane-to-cane variability within individual treatment plots was sufficiently large that differences between treatments had to be greater than 10 to 15% to be significant at P < 0.05 when five canes were randomly sampled for index component measurements to represent the plants in the plot. The five canes sampled for each plot were 5 to 10% of all the floricanes in the plots of this study. The concentration and biomass N measurements that were possible on the floricane components that were sampled for the index methods showed that management treatments of the two trials of the study could have influenced berry development, and hence contributed to the bias of the estimate and index method values relative to fresh picked yield. Although the estimate and index methods were generally quite well correlated with fresh picked yield, caution is advised when they are used directly as alternatives to fresh picking to evaluate crop management treatment effects on berry yield. Further knowledge about the physiological changes that occur during berry ripening may provide opportunities to improve the estimate and index measurements. Key words: Raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., yield estimate, yield index, nutrient effects, nitrogen effects
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Everett, Holly. "A Welcoming Wilderness." Ethnologies 29, no. 1-2 (September 8, 2008): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018745ar.
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Abstract Wild berries have long been integral to Newfoundlanders’ and Labradorians’ food stores. Berry picking remains an important late summer and early fall activity, combining traditional, geographical knowledge with material culture, foodways and custom. Berries may also be Newfoundland and Labrador’s most successful culinary tourism product to date, combining attributes of health, wilderness and resourcefulness. Whereas ethical and moral uncertainty or conviction precludes many tourists from trying seal products, and health concerns prevent the enjoyment of regional favorites such as fish and chips, berries offer visitors a window into local culture beyond reproach. Reifying the text and images of national and provincial tourist literature emphasizing the area’s “outdoor nature product,” the berries serve as an iconic image of a resourceful people intimately connected to a bountiful, welcoming wilderness.
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Sease, Robin. "Metaphor’s Role in the Information Behavior of Humans Interacting with Computers." Information Technology and Libraries 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v27i4.3237.
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<p>Metaphors convey information, communicate abstractions, and help us understand new concepts. While the nascent field of information behavior (IB) has adopted common metaphors like “berry-picking” and “gap-bridging” for its models, the study of how people use metaphors is only now emerging in the subfield of human information organizing behavior (HIOB). Metaphors have been adopted in human–computer interaction (HCI) to facilitate the dialogue between user and system. Exploration of the literature on metaphors in the fields of linguistics and cognitive science as well as an examination of the history of use of metaphors in HCI as a case study of metaphor usage offers insight into the role of metaphor in human information behavior.</p><p>Editor’s note: This article is the winner of the LITA/Ex Libris Writing Award, 2008.</p>
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Moley, Jeffrey F. "Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Management of Lymph Node Metastases." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 8, no. 5 (May 2010): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2010.0042.
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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine malignancy of the thyroid C cells. Metastatic spread commonly occurs to cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. MTC cells do not concentrate radioactive iodine and are not sensitive to hormonal manipulation. Surgery is currently the only therapy that can reliably lead to cure, reduction in tumor burden, or effective palliation. In patients with hereditary MTC, central lymph node dissection should be considered in preventative operations if the calcitonin level is elevated. Systematic surgical removal of at-risk or involved lymph node basins (compartmental dissection) should be performed in all patients with palpable primary tumors and recurrent disease. A “berry-picking” approach is discouraged. Although data are limited, standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of MTC. Newer targeted drug therapies are promising and are being examined in therapeutic clinical trials.
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Farooque, Aitazaz Ahsan, Qamar Uz Zaman, Travis Esau, Young Ki Chang, Arnold Walter Schumann, and Waqas Jameel. "Influence of Wild Blueberry Fruit Yield, Plant Height, and Ground Slope on Picking Performance of a Mechanical Harvester: Basis for Automation." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 5 (2017): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12187.
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Abstract. Spatial variability in fruit losses in relation to fruit yield, plant height, and ground slope can help to automate the wild blueberry harvester to improve picking performance. Currently, harvester operators adjust harvester’s head height, ground speed, and revolutions per minute (rpm) manually. This is not only laborious but also stressful for operators, as they encounter spatial variability during harvesting. The goal of this work was to identify the automation potential of the harvester to improve harvestable yield and reduce operator’s stress, keeping in view the spatial variability. Two fields were selected and test plots were constructed to examine the performance of the harvester in five zones of plant height, fruit yield, and ground slope. Fruit yield plant height and ground slope were recorded from each plot manually to examine their impact on total fruit loss. Keywords: Automation, Fruit losses, Spatial variability, Wild blueberry, Zonal analysis.Results confirmed significant variability in fruit yield, plant height, and ground slope. Fruit losses were significantly influenced by the spatial variations. Fruit losses increased with an increase in fruit yield and ground slope during mechanical harvesting. The picking performance of the blueberry harvester was significantly lower in short and very tall plants within selected fields. The dependence of fruit losses on fruit yield, plant height, and ground slope emphasize the need for real-time adjustments in machine operating parameters to improve berry recovery. Based on the results, it is concluded that there is a significant advantage of harvester’s automation to increase profit margins for growers with no additional cost. Keywords: Automation, Fruit losses, Spatial variability, Wild blueberry, Zonal analysis.
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Khort, D. О., N. A. Maystrenko, A. N. Tereshin, and R. V. Vershinin. "Studying the Methods of Harvesting Garden Strawberry with Robotic Machines." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 14, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-1-27-33.
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The paper presents a description of a newly developed device for the robotic harvesting of garden strawberry. The device features versatility, the simplicity of design, ease of adaptation to an automated platform. (Research purpose) To study the conditions for harvesting garden strawberry with robotic machines, develop a method for picking berries and determine the parameters of the working element for robotic harvesting, taking into account the mechanical impact on berries and the degree of the berry damage. (Materials and methods) The authors prepared an experimental methodology of studying the physical-and-mechanical properties of garden strawberry and calculated the critical speed of the impact of berries when picked by the working element. To prove the effectiveness of the working element operation, a comprehensive analysis of the physical-and-mechanical parameters of berries was carried out. (Results and discussion) The study has shown that the strength of garden strawberry is largely dependent on such major factors as cultivation conditions, as well as the variety and size of berries. It has been found that the specific strength of various parts of berries ranges from 0.0094 to 0.0262 kilogram-force per square meter. The skin of the Zenga-Zengana and Rarekot varieties has proved to possess the greatest strength, while that of the Festivalnaya variety - the smallest one. The authors have shown that the base and the tops of berries are about 1.2 times stronger than the skin of their rest part. It has been found that the berry shell has the property of elasticity. When berries are squeezed, their deformation is proportional to the load applied. The authors have proposed a design of a moving robotic platform with a cutting working element mounted on a manipulator. As a result, berry removal can be implemented by cutting the stem with the least damage. (Conclusions) The authors have proposed a device for the robotic harvesting of garden strawberry, which is distinguished among its counterparts by its ability to significantly reduce the mechanical impact on the target object, as well as preserve the appearance and quality characteristics of berries.
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Osipova, Ksenija. "“FROM THE FOREST PASHA”: ON THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE NORTH RUSSIAN NAMES OF MUSHROOM AND BERRY DISHES." Antropologicheskij forum 17, no. 49 (June 2021): 30–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-30-59.
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The article discusses the dialect vocabulary associated with the traditions of food-gathering in the Russian North: specifically, the names of mushrooms and berries—reflecting the features of their preparation and culinary properties—and the names of dishes made from forest products. The article was based on dialect, folklore, and ethnographic data from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions, including unpublished data collected by the toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The article reveals the features of the categorization of forest products in the language of the North Russian peasants, local features of the plant diet, as well as the possible impact of the Finno-Ugric food culture. The ethnolinguistic approach involves taking into account the quantitative ratio of lexemes, ideographic, and areal analysis of vocabulary, identifying its semantic and motivational connections. The analysis of the material established that a significant range of linguistic units and folklore are associated with the topic of picking mushrooms and berries in the Russian North. Categories and concepts characteristic of the culture of gathering are identified: “number of mushrooms / berries collected at a time”, “forest hosts of mushrooms and berries”, “generic names of forest products” (vologa, oboshcha), and “especially valuable forest products” (tsarskie “royal” mushrooms, berries, fish). The names of mushrooms and berries indicate the methods of their preparation, nutritional properties, and composition. The names of the berry dishes reflect the influence of the Finno-Ugric culinary tradition (compare the possibly borrowed designations of flour cereals with berries—the Arkhangelsk words galagatka, kiprishikha, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda word lyas). Folklore texts and narratives preserve plots and ideas about gathering: men as typical mushroom pickers, children and girls are berry pickers, each village having its own territory for collection, the exclusion of strangers from certain locations, the local specialization of territories (e.g. Vologda-originated nicknames such as vologodskie ryzhiki, obabki, etc.), and others.
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Bruner, Brenda, and Karen Chad. "Physical Activity Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Among Women in a Woodland Cree Community." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, no. 8 (November 2013): 1119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.8.1119.
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Background:Overweight and obesity among Aboriginal women is a growing concern, with increasing prevalence rates linked to a sedentary lifestyle. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for unhealthy body weight; however before addressing health enhancing behaviors, understanding lifestyle practices, attitudes and beliefs are important.Methods:A mixed methods approach assessed physical activity (PA) practices (n = 58), and attitudes and beliefs (n = 19) among First Nations women. The Modifiable Activity Questionnaire assessed PA, and a focused ethnography explored attitudes and beliefs.Results:Self-reported PA was highest in the youngest age group. Both total and leisure-time PA decreased when house-related activities were not accounted for. Younger participants reported sport-related activities, while older participants reported traditional activities (eg, berry picking, fishing). Participants’ believed PA promoted good health, yet personal (ie, lack of time), community-specific (ie, lack of opportunities/encouragement) and environmental (ie, inclement weather, safety) factors acted as barriers. Age-specific, women-only programs were highlighted as potential enablers.Conclusions:The findings highlight the need to assess cultural specific practices, attitudes and beliefs as PA programs that focus on reducing barriers identified in the community and are designed based on expressed interest and preferences may improve leisure-related PA levels among all age groups.
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NeSmith, D. Scott. "`REBEL': A NEW EARLY RIPENING SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVAR." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 512E—512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.512e.
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A new southern highbush blueberry cultivar named `Rebel' was released in 2005 by The University of Georgia. It is a very early season cultivar with large fruit having a medium to light blue color, and a small, dry picking scar. `Rebel' berry firmness is good, while flavor is only average. The new cultivar flowers 3 to 4 days before `Star' and ripens 6 to 9 days before `Star' in south and middle Georgia. `Rebel' plants are highly vigorous, very precocious and have a spreading bush habit with a medium crown. Yield has been similar to or greater than `Star' in south Georgia. Leafing has been excellent, even following mild winters. Rebel has an estimated chill requirement of 400 to 450 hours (<7 °C). Propagation is very easily accomplished using softwood cuttings. Plants of `Rebel' are self-fertile to a degree, but should be planted with other southern highbush blueberry cultivars with a similar time of bloom for cross-pollination (`Emerald' and `Star' suggested). `Rebel' is new, so planting on a trial basis is recommended. `Rebel' requires a license to propagate. For licensing information and/or a list of licensed propagators, contact the Georgia Seed Development Commission, 2420 S. Milledge Avenue, Athens, GA 30606; or visit their web-site at www.gsdc.com.
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Delbeke, Stefanie, Siele Ceuppens, Claudia Titze Hessel, Irene Castro, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Lieven De Zutter, and Mieke Uyttendaele. "Microbial Safety and Sanitary Quality of Strawberry Primary Production in Belgium: Risk Factors for Salmonella and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Contamination." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (January 30, 2015): 2562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03930-14.
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ABSTRACTStrawberries are an important fruit in Belgium in both production and consumption, but little information is available about the presence ofSalmonellaand Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) in these berries, the risk factors in agricultural production, and possible specific mitigation options. In 2012, a survey was undertaken of three soil and three soilless cultivation systems in Belgium. NoSalmonellaspp. were isolated. No STEC was detected in the strawberry samples (0 of 72), but STEC was detected by PCR in 11 of 78 irrigation water and 2 of 24 substrate samples. Culture isolates were obtained for 2 of 11 PCR-positive irrigation water samples and 2 of 2 substrate samples. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed elevated genericE. colinumbers (the odds ratio [OR] for a 1 log increase being 4.6) as the most important risk factor for STEC, together with the berry-picking season (elevated risk in summer). The presence of genericE. coliin the irrigation water (≥1 CFU per 100 ml) was mainly influenced by the type of irrigation water (collected rainfall water stored in ponds was more often contaminated than groundwater pumped from boreholes [OR = 5.8]) and the lack of prior treatment (untreated water versus water subjected to sand filtration prior to use [OR = 19.2]). The follow-up study in 2013 at one of the producer locations indicated cattle to be the most likely source of STEC contamination of the irrigation water.
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Doonan, Natalie. "Wild Cuisine and Canadianness: Creeping Rootstalks and Subterranean Struggle." Gastronomica 18, no. 3 (2018): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2018.18.3.14.
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Canada is commonly depicted as a rugged wilderness. Defining the characteristics of its food as wild is a contributing factor in this narrative. While there may be some truth to this image, there are also overlooked implications in perpetuating links between the notion of Canada as a nation, and the trope of wilderness as its defining feature. In this article, I draw on visual analysis as well as theory from sensory studies to complicate the concept of “wild” food at the root of discourse on Canadian cuisine. The focus of this analysis is a case study of wild berries on the northeastern coast of Québec, Canada. Throughout the article I quote from interviews that I conducted with Anglophone, Francophone, and Innu locals of Québec's Lower North Shore. The intimate experiences of residents with the foods that grow in their home do not connect smoothly with representations of wilderness in promotional materials for wild berry products and tourism in the region. In fact, personal accounts of picking, preparing, and eating wild berries complicate master narratives of wild Canadian cuisine, thus enriching this country's national food culture through complexity. These stories show that wilderness is not a state of purity but a fiction that obscures the multifaceted natural-cultural negotiations among humans, plants, animals, climate, and more in the making of what we call “wild.”
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Khort, Dmitriy O., Aleksey I. Kutyrev, Andrey N. Tereshin, and Roman V. Vershinin. "Justification of Parameters of a Robotic Platform for Strawberry Harvesting." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-2-99-106.
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One of the most important tasks when performing automated harvesting of berry and fruit crops in the field is the accurate determination of the fruits and berries boundaries using computer vision cameras in various climatic conditions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the conditions of work of the robotic harvesting platform, developing a method of berries picking and justifying the parameters of the robotic platform due to the conditions of work in the area of strawberry cultivation on the conventional technology with the distance between the ridges of 90 centimeters and a plant height of 40 centimeters. (Materials and methods) The article presents a theoretical calculation of the main design and technological indicators of the robotic platform. The article describes the electronic components and assemblies that the robotic platform is made of. Authors analyzed the technological parameters of plantings to justify the effectiveness of the robotic platform. (Results and discussion) The basic dimensions of the robotic platform is: the total weight should not exceed 4 kilograms, the required transport speed is of 2 meters per second, the speed during the technological operation is of 0.3 meters per second, the overcoming slope is at least 20 degrees. The parameters that ensure increased efficiency of the platform when harvesting strawberries is as follow: width is of 320 millimeters; height is of 300 millimeters; length is of 570 millimeters; ground clearance is of 80 mm; coefficient of reserve of traction force without a path slope is of 2.4; power of electric motors is of 16.4 watts; operating time is of 2.2 hours, operating speed ispositional, maximum speed is of 4 meters per second. (Conclusions) Authors have proposed the design of a platform for robotic picking of garden strawberry, which compares favorably with analogues in that it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of picing by using inexpensive components, high mobility and the ability to simultaneously work on the field of several dozen similar platforms. It was found that the low weight and small dimensions allow reducing the mechanical impact on the target object, preserving the appearance and quality characteristics of the strawberry crop.
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Heilo, Arne, Eva Sigstad, Kristin Holgersen Fagerlid, Olav Inge Håskjold, Krystyna Kotanska Grøholt, Aasmund Berner, Trine Bjøro, and Lars H. Jørgensen. "Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Treatment in Patients with a Limited Number of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2952.
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Abstract Context: Repeated neck explorations can be a difficult task in patients with recurrent metastatic cervical lymph nodes from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Objective: The aim of this retrospective study has been to assess the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) as treatment of metastatic cervical lymph nodes from PTC. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients who previously had undergone thyroidectomy for PTC were selected for inclusion. However, three patients were later excluded due to lack of follow-up. Lymph node status was determined by US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and/or by raised levels of thyroglobulin in washouts from the cytological needle. Guided by US, 0.1–1.0 ml of 99.5% ethanol was injected into the metastatic lymph nodes. Results: Three patients (eight metastatic lymph nodes in total) were reassigned to surgery due to progression (multiple new metastases), leaving 63 patients and 109 neck lymph nodes to be included. Mean observation time was 38.4 months (range, 3–72). A total of 101 of the 109 (93%) metastatic lymph nodes responded to PEI treatment, 92 (84%) completely and nine incompletely. Two did not respond, and four progressed. Two lymph nodes previously considered successfully treated showed evidence of malignancy during follow-up. No significant side effects were reported. Conclusion: US-guided PEI treatment of metastatic lymph nodes seems to be an excellent alternative to surgery in patients with a limited number of neck metastases from PTC. This procedure should replace “berry picking” surgery.
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NeSmith, D. Scott, and Arlen D. Draper. "`CAMELLIA': A NEW MIDSEASON SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVAR." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 512F—513. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.512f.
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A new southern highbush blueberry cultivar named `Camellia' was released in 2005 by The University of Georgia and the USDA–ARS. `Camellia' is a hybrid containing mostly Vaccinium corymbosum and a small amount of V. darrowi. The new cultivar was selected in 1996 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, Ga. from a cross of MS-122 × MS-6, and was tested as TH-621 in plantings at Alapaha, Ga. beginning in 1998. `Camellia' has an estimated chill requirement of 450 to 500 hours (<7 °C). It is an early- to mid-season cultivar, having berries that are large, with a very light blue color, and a small, dry picking scar. Berry firmness is good and flavor is very good. `Camellia' flowers 5 to 8 days after `Star' and `O'Neal' in south Georgia, and ripens 4 to 9 days after `Star', and with `O'Neal'. Plants are highly vigorous, with strong cane growth and an open, upright bush habit and a narrow crown. Yields have been similar to `Star' and greater than `O'Neal'. `Camellia' should be planted with other southern highbush blueberry cultivars with a similar time of bloom for cross-pollination (`Star' and `O'Neal' suggested). It is recommended on a trial basis at this time. `Camellia' requires a license to propagate. For licensing information and/or a list of licensed propagators, contact the Georgia Seed Development Commission, 2420 S. Milledge Avenue, Athens, GA 30606; or visit their website at www.gsdc.com.
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Sörensson, Erika. "“When Your Child Gets Easy Money, It Feels Good Being a Mom”: Thai migrations and wild-berry picking in northern Sweden as a form of social reproduction." Nordic Journal of Migration Research 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/njmr-2015-0026.
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Perekopskiy, Alexander Nikolaevich, Andrey Vladimirovich Zykov, and Ksenia Igorevna Egorova. "Evaluation of black currant varieties suitability for combine harvesting." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 7 (August 5, 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i7pp35-39.
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The article deals with the results of evaluation and selection of black currant varieties from the Leningrad POOS (IAEP - branch of FNAC VIM) in order to form an industrial assortment suitable for machine cleaning. During the study, it was found that the varieties Yadrenaya and Gulliver retain their strength longer when overripe and are less exposed to cracking of the skin. As the experiment showed, this is due to increased indicators of the crushing force of varieties. With mechanized harvesting, the completeness of the removal of berries directly depends on the separation force, with an indicator of less than 50 g. there is a shedding of berries, and with a separation force of more than 150 g. the berries are poorly separated from the stalk or separated, but with partial damage to the structure, which reduces the quantity and quality of berry picking. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the most suitable for mechanized harvesting are recommended varieties of black currant: Binar, Ocharovanie, Iskushenie, Peek-a-boo, Gulliver, Bagheera. The strength coefficient calculated by us for these varieties is more than 1.5. In addition to the genetics of black currant varieties, the studied indicators of economic and biological characteristics of the collection strongly depend on the growing conditions, nutrients and moisture in the soil. Recently, the evaluation of black currant berries by their biochemical composition has become very important. In this connection, to fully characterize the varieties, we will continue the study of the study of these characteristics with biochemical value in the dynamics of maturation of black currant varieties.
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van Kemenade, Everard. "Emergence in TQM, a concept analysis." TQM Journal 32, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2019-0100.
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Purpose The question answered in this paper is: what does the concept of emergence mean in the context of total quality management? The purpose of this paper is to develop a definition for emergence by discovering the structure of the phenomenon and to suggest its implications for total quality management. Design/methodology/approach The concept analysis follows the method proposed by Walker and Avant (2014). A first step of the method is a general search on the internet and a literature review executed in scientific databases. Due to the limited search results in the field of quality management a support search has been done in three quality management journals and the method of berry picking was added. Findings This concept analysis provides attributes of the concept of emergence as well as antecedents and consequences. Emergence is the phenomenon where out of a network of interacting internal and external elements in the course of time arises a coherent new pattern, that is unpredictable, unexpected, unplanned and irreducible to the separate parts. To make emergence happen an organization needs to react to a complex environment that is in un-order far-from-equilibrium. It needs to be (part of) a complex adaptive system. Emergence might rather lead to a (dynamic) bandwidth wherein the result moves, than to a (static) new order. Research limitations/implications In the literature review little is found about the consequences of emergence. A hypothesis is formulated in this area that needs further research. Practical implications Only as the authors know and agree upon the definition and meaning of the concept of emergence and the characteristics of the Emergence Paradigm the authors can effectively adjust or develop quality management instruments and tools to support or facilitate emergence in complex organizations. Originality/value There is a limited amount of literature on systems theory and complexity theory in quality management. Even less on the phenomenon of emergence. There is no concept analysis on the subject of emergence.
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Manninen, Outi, and Rainer Peltola. "Continuous picking may increase bilberry yields." Silva Fennica 53, no. 3 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.10043.
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Accumulated knowledge about the health benefits of bilberry ( L.) has increased the demand and utilization of wild bilberries. Intensive berry picking by metal rakes is believed to cause damage in bilberry stands in areas under continuous picking pressure, and hence expected to hamper the production of berries in forthcoming years. We conducted an experiment to examine the effect of continuous bilberry picking by metal rake on the number of bilberry flowers and fruits, fruit mass, compensation for biomass loss after picking, and plant functional type abundance in the understorey in northern Finland. Bilberry lost less than 0.5% of its biomass annually during the three-year study period due to rake harvesting. The number of flowers was not significantly affected by damage caused by picking, while both fruit production and fruit set increased without any indication of reduced fruit mass, and biomass loss was fully compensated. Moreover, the relative abundance of plant functional types was not affected by picking during the study. We suggest that the low intensity and timing of damage act as a buffer against the adverse effects of picking on bilberry fruit production. On the basis of this study, it is reasonable to anticipate that there are no indications that current intensive berry picking would not be on a sustainable level.Vaccinium myrtillus
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Kangas, Kari, and Pasi Markkanen. "Factors affecting participation in wild berry picking by rural and urban dwellers." Silva Fennica 35, no. 4 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.582.
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Kemenade, Everard. "Capacity Development for Internal and External Auditors in the Complex Adaptive System of Higher Education in Vietnam." Vietnam Journal of Education 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.52296/vje.2021.26.
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The question answered in this paper is: What is needed in the complex adaptive system of higher education to make Vietnamese professionals more receptive to internal and external reviews and how can we achieve that? The purpose is to magnify the effects of an accreditation system in general and those of the audits or reviews in particular. The findings are gathered through a dynamic orientation in scientific literature using the berry-picking method (Bates, 1989). The results - regarding the development of quality management in Viet Nam in general and accreditation specifically- have been analyzed using the four paradigms of quality management. The accreditation reviews in higher education would be more effective, if the interviewees were more open to show their organizations’ strengths and weaknesses instead of withdrawing from the survey and performing dramaturgical compliance. Thus, an appropriate auditor attitude is essential, seven of which are presented in this paper and hopefully to be of critical values to the development of the Vietnamese audit process. Suggestions are proposed concerning how such a development could be achieved using the emergence paradigm.
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Wu, Linnan, Zhiqiang Li, Fengyun Zhao, Benzhou Zhao, Fesobi Olumide Phillip, Jianrong Feng, Huaifeng Liu, and Kun Yu. "Increased Organic Fertilizer and Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Increased Fungal Diversity and the Abundance of Beneficial Fungi on the Grape Berry Surface in Arid Areas." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (May 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628503.
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Fertilizer practices can significantly impact the fruit quality and microbial diversity of the orchards. The fungi on the surface of fruits are essential for fruit storability and safety. However, it is not clear whether fertilization affects the fungal diversity and community structure on the surface of grape berries. Here, grape quality and the fungal diversity on the surface of grapes harvested from three fertilizer treatments were analyzed shortly after grape picking (T0) and following 8 days of storage (T1). The study involved three treatments: (1) common chemical fertilizer for 2 years (CH); (2) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 1 year (A.O); and (3) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 2 years (B.O). The application of increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer increased the soluble solids content (SSC) of the grape berries and decreased the pH of the grape juice. A total of 827,947 high-quality fungal sequences were recovered and assigned to 527 operational taxonomic units. Members of the Ascomycota phylum were dominant in all samples and accounted for 94.41% of the total number of detected sequences, followed by the Basidiomycota (5.05%), and unidentified fungi (0.54%). Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significantly different fungal populations in the three fertilizer treatments over the two time periods. The fungal diversity and richness on the grape berry surface in the B.O and A.O treatments were higher than those in the CH treatment. Among the detected fungi, the B.O treatments were mainly Pichia, Aureobasidium, and Candida genera, while the CH treatments were Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Moreover, significant differences were revealed between the two assessment times (T0 and T1). The samples from the T0 timepoint had higher fungal richness and diversity than the samples from T1 timepoint. Increasing organic fertilizer usage in grape management could improve grape quality and went on to increase the fungal diversity, as well as the relative abundance (RA) of beneficial fungi on grape berry surfaces. The correlation analysis suggested that the pH of the grape juice was significantly negatively correlated with fungal diversity parameters.
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Siitonen, Pauliina, Mirka Rauniomaa, and Tiina Keisanen. "Language and the Moving Body: Directive Actions With the Finnish kato “look” in Nature-Related Activities." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (June 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661784.
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The article explores how social interaction is accomplished through intertwined verbal and bodily conduct, focusing on directive actions that include a second-person imperative form of the Finnish verb katsoa “to look,” typically kato. The study draws on video recordings of various outdoor activities in nature, mostly from family interaction with small children, and employs interactional linguistics and conversation analysis as its analytic framework. The directive kato actions in focus are produced (1) as noticings, to initiate a new course of action by directing the recipient to look at and possibly talk about a target that the speaker treats as newsworthy; (2) as showings, to initiate an evaluative course of action by directing the recipient to look at and align with the speaker’s stance toward the target; or (3) as prompts, to contribute to an ongoing course of action by directing the recipient to do something relevant to or with the target. Apart from the use of kato, the actions differ in their design. In noticings, the target is typically named verbally and pointed at through embodied means, but the participants remain at some distance from it (e.g., kato muurahaispesä tuossa “look an anthill there”). In showings, the participant producing the action typically approaches the recipient with the target in hand, so that the naming of the target is not necessary but, by evaluating the target themselves, the shower explicates how the target should be seen (e.g., kato kuinka jättejä “look how giant {ones}”). In prompts, neither the target nor the intended action is named, but the target is typically indicated by embodied means, for example, by the participants’ approaching and pointing at it, and the intended action is inferable from the participants’ prior conduct (e.g., kato tuossa “look there” and pointing at a berry in the participants’ vicinity when berry picking has been established as relevant). By examining these three grammar-body assemblages, the article uncovers regularities in the co-occurrence of multiple modalities and contributes to new understandings of language use in its natural ecology – in co-present social interaction.
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Manninen, Outi, and Rainer Peltola. "Effects of picking methods on the berry production of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum) in Northern Finland." Silva Fennica 47, no. 3 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.972.
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Siitonen, Pauliina, Mirka Rauniomaa, and Tiina Keisanen. "Kato. Hulluna puolukoita." Virittäjä 123, no. 4 (December 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.23982/vir.71162.
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Artikkelissa tarkastellaan puhetoimintoja, joissa esiintyy jokin katsoa-verbin 2. persoonan imperatiivimuodoista, tyypillisesti kato. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytetään keskustelunanalyysia, ja aineistona toimivat videoidut tilanteet luontoilutoiminnasta, kuten marjastuksesta, sienestyksestä ja retkeilystä. Artikkelissa analysoidaan, miten meneillään oleva toiminta ja sen resursseina kieli, osallistujien kehot, tila, liike ja materiaalinen ympäristö vaikuttavat kato-vuorojen muotoiluun ja tulkintaan.
Artikkelissa osoitetaan, että kato-vuoroilla on ainakin neljä eri tehtävää sosiaalisessa vuorovaikutuksessa. Valtaosa tutkimusaineiston kato-vuoroista toimii direktiiveinä tai liittyy direktiivisiin tilanteisiin, joissa puhuja ohjaa vastaanottajaa toimimaan tai olemaan toimimatta tietyllä tavalla. Direktiivisillä kato-vuoroilla puhuja ohjaa vastaanottajaa joko 1) katsomaan jotain objektia ympäristössä tai 2) tekemään jotain meneillään olevan toiminnan kannalta relevanttia. Tällaiset direktiiviset kato-vuorot eroavat toisistaan niin kielellisen kuin kehollisen muotoilun suhteen: kato-vuoroissa, joilla ohjataan vastaanottajaa katsomaan, huomion kohde nimetään (kato muulahaitpetä) ja siihen suuntaudutaan kehollisesti, mutta osallistujat jäävät hieman etäälle siitä. Sen sijaan sellaisissa kato-vuoroissa, joilla osallistujaa ohjataan tekemään jotain muuta kuin katsomaan, ei yleensä nimetä tekemisen kohdetta tai tekemistä ylipäätään vaan kohde merkitään kehollisesti ja tekemistä käsitellään yhteisesti jaettuna meneillään olevan aktiviteetin perusteella (katopas tuosa ohjaa poimimaan marjan). Tutkimusaineistossa on myös sellaisia kato-vuoroja, joissa kato toimii 3) päivittelyn keinona tai 4) huomion kohdistavana, selittävänä lausumapartikkelina. Tutkimuksessa vuorovaikutusta tarkastellaan holistisesti, eli meneillään oleva toiminta ja osallistujien käyttämät multimodaaliset resurssit luovat puitteet sille, miten toimintoja on mahdollista tuottaa ja tulkita.
Kato. An insane amount of lingonberries.
Kato as an interactional resource in nature-related activities
The article examines actions that include one of the second-person imperative forms of the verb katsoa (‘to look’), typically kato (‘look, see’). Methodologically the study draws on conversation analysis, and the data include video recordings of activities in nature, such as berry picking, mushroom picking and trekking. The article analyses how participants design and interpret turns that include kato on the basis of ongoing activities and available resources, such as language, participants’ bodies, movement, space and the material environment.
The article shows that turns including kato have at least four functions in social interaction. In the majority of the cases in the data, kato functions as a directive or is used in a directive context. These turns are used for directing the recipient either 1) to look at some object in the surrounds or 2) to do something relevant in terms of the ongoing activity. Apart from the use of kato, the turns differ in their design: In turns in which kato directs the recipient to look at something, the target is mentioned explicitly (e.g. kato muulahaitpetä ‘look an anthill’) and the participants remain at some distance from it. By contrast, in turns in which kato directs the recipient to do something, the target – or the intended action in general – is not mentioned, but the target is indicated by embodied means and the desired course of action is dealt with as shared by the participants on the basis of their ongoing activity (e.g. katopas tuosa ‘look right there’ is used to direct the recipient to pick a berry). The data also include turns in which kato functions 3) as a resource for general wondering or 4) as an explanatory connective and attention getter. The study approaches interaction holistically, having as its premise that the ongoing activity and the multimodal resources employed by the participants provide the framework for the formation and interpretation of social actions.
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Rubio-Jovel, Karla. "Gender Empowerment in Agriculture Interventions: What Are We Still Missing? Evidence From a Randomized-Controlled Trial Among Coffee Producers in Honduras." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5 (August 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.695390.
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Latin-American coffee production has largely relegated women to specific family labor tasks, such as berry picking or cooking. But recent years have seen an increasing number of interventions to empower women in the agricultural sector, including coffee. As a contribution to the growing literature on women's empowerment in agriculture, this article draws on a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a gender empowerment project among coffee producers in Honduras. Previous RCT evaluations of gender empowerment interventions have focused on average treatment effects and paid less attention to the diversity of responses in the sample. This article evaluates the effect of a project to empower women in Honduras' coffee sector but pays attention to how the intervention interacted with the amount of land owned by women to produce different outcomes. The intervention consisted of 12 workshops offered to families in 10 coffee-producing groups. The baseline and end-line surveys (2016–2018) included a sample of 88 families (41 intervention and 47 control, from 4 to 5 communities respectively). Results showed limited effects of the intervention on women's empowerment for the pooled sample, but it found heterogeneous positive effects for land-owning women. Women who owned land and received the treatment scored fewer points on a deprivation score, had input over more decisions related to the use of household income, and were more satisfied with their leisure time. For quantity of land owned, this article also found positive heterogeneous effects for the same variables, and additionally for confidence speaking in public. Results suggest that projects to empower women might benefit from a more nuanced approach to the heterogeneity within the target population.