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Berlin, Christof [Verfasser]. "Alternative Streitbeilegung in Verbraucherkonflikten : Qualitätskriterien, Interessen, Best Practice / Christof Berlin." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1107609879/34.
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Van, Zyl Lesbury. "Alternative dispute resolution in the best interests of the child." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003212.
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The development of private divorce mediation appears to offer a friendly and informal alternative to the "hostile" adversarial divorce. A close analysis of its claims, however, shows them to be largely unproven. Urgent attention should therefore be given to the philosophical base of the movement. There is also a need for empirical research and for standardised training. Further unanswered questions relate to the part to be played by different professions, and to professional ethics. It is submitted that the appointment of Family Advocates is a step in the right direction but that the establishment of a full Family Court will best protect children's interests.
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Seip, Robert. "Complementary and alternative medicine : ethics, legality, and use of the best available science." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/71691/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to provide a robust epistemological justification for Evidence Based Medicine (EMB), and thereby to demonstrate the epistemological short comings of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). CAM has received support from both philosophers, such as Rorty and Feyerband, and the Sociology and Anthropology of Medicine. The thesis will thus review both the internal coherence and the application of non-realist arguments, and counter non-realism with the realist epistemology and philosophy of science that is represented by C.S. Peirce’s pragmatism. Rorty and Feyerabend and others have developed radical forms of scientific antirealism in the latter 20th century. Subsequently, sociologists developed even more intractable forms of anti-realism, which they applied to the social study of science. This approach served to challenge the legitimacy of orthodox scientific practice (including EMB). A practical expression of this controversy was immediately identified in the question of the role of scientific authority in a democratic society. That question was immediately applied to the status of alternative medical systems and their legitimacy vis-a-vis EBM in terms of the controversy over what has come to be termed "medical pluralism": If scientific medicine has no particular authority, should other, medical systems, epistemically incompatible with EBM, be made available as well? The thesis will suggest that non-realism is in fact a marginal position within the philosophy of science. Scientists, medical researchers and medical practitioners may thus appeal to the philosophy of science in order to justify their authority in the face of challenges from CAM. However, it will be suggested that they are frequently ill-served by a reliance on a simplistic understanding of the philosophy of Karl Popper. An alternative will be proposed in the philosophy of C. S. Peirce. His pragmatism offers to medical research and medical practice a way of understanding and justifying the scientific process, a justification of realism in the face of non-realism, and a resource for the criticism of CAM and medical pluralism, as at once epistemologically ill grounded and potentially dangerous to patients and the general public.
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Angadi, Raghavendra. "Best effort MPI/RT as an alternative to MPI design and performance comparison /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-12032002-162333.
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James-Gross, Lori A. "Best practices among alternative education programs : a study of the Illinois Regional Safe School Program /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1147184441&sid=30&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2006.<br>"Department of Educational Administration and Higher Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88). Also available online.
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Brown, Jim R. "Best practices for student success in an alternative middle school setting from a student's perspective." Thesis, Northwest Nazarene University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599423.
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<p> Attrition among students costs individuals, institutions, and communities. As a result, alternative schools are growing rapidly. In 2010, over half a million students were enrolled in public alternative schools in the nation (Carver, Lewis, & Tice, 2010). Alternative programs offered at secondary, middle, and elementary schools exhibiting a variety of practices, structures, and philosophies combat this epidemic of attrition. This mixed study investigates best practices in an alternative middle school setting from a student's perspective. Uncovered exemplars could allow administrators to implement strategies best suited to meet alternative middle school students' needs. Qualitative data consisted of two rounds of interviews with 10 participants. Quantifiable data collected included Idaho Standard Achievement Test scores (ISAT), grade point averages (GPAs), and attendance records prior to attending Span Academy and after completion of the program. Results from the ISAT scores revealed eight to 13 points of growth, equivalent to two to three years of growth. GPAs on a 4-point scale improved 1.5 points in language and 1.3 points in math. Students who achieved Level 5 and transitioned had 26 fewer absences while attending Span Academy than their previous year in school. In accordance to research protocol, two questions were rephrased to eliminate ambiguity and retain the integrity of student responses. Finally, it also became apparent that students attending alternative programs carry a stigma. This understanding provided an awareness that resulted in changed practices and procedures at Span Academy. Additionally, this research revealed that alternative middle schools, like Span Academy, contrary to the original design as a transition school, are better served as a 2-year intervention program, where the research revealed few students transitioned as of 2009 to present, and most preferred to remain at Span Academy through their eighth-grade year. Accordingly, Span Academy redesigned its program from a typical transition school to a comprehensive 2-year intervention program. Overwhelmingly, the student responses, supported by the quantifiable data, resulted in two overarching themes of accountability and relationship. The results from this research not only lend to best practices in an alternative middle school environment, but provide answers and strategies to best assist students in a traditional setting as well.</p>
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Archer, Elizabeth. "THE APPROXIMATION RULE: EXAMINING AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE “BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD” CUSTODY STANDARD." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1693.
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While the Best Interest of the Child (BIOC) standard has been used since the 1970’s, alternatives such as the Approximation Rule have recently been proposed to remediate perceived weaknesses in BIOC. This study examines the applicability of the Approximation Rule using cross-sectional data collected from 517 children (age 10-18) of divorced parents using the Co-Parenting Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Data for all co-parenting and parenting variables (n = 517) were analyzed to determine relationships by time since divorce and custodial relationship. Physical custody was associated with significant differences in children’s’ ratings of both co-parenting and parenting effectiveness. Results for time since divorce revealed only one significant relationship with all divorcing parents showing significant decreases in ratings of inter-parent conflict over time with the most substantial reductions occurring 5 years after the separation. Findings were then used to measure the accuracy of the assumptions in both the Approximation Rule and in BIOC.
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Butler, Gary Brooks. "Evaluating water quality impacts of alternative management practices through development of a BMP database." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/BUTLER_GARY_41.pdf.
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Smith, Craig Matthew. "An analysis of alternative soil, nutrient, and water management strategies." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10723.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Jeffery R. Williams<br>The two topics addressed in this dissertation are both related to surface water quality. Reservoir sedimentation and water quality trading are examined from economic and environmental perspectives. Each topic and the resulting policy implications are relevant to stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels.
Reservoir sedimentation has been recognized as a major environmental, social, and economic issue in much of the Midwestern US. There is an effort to focus public and private funds to achieve the greatest return on the investment from soil erosion and sediment reduction strategies. How can physiographical and economic relationships within the watershed be quantified in such a way to provide insights into the selection of alternative management strategies? This study focuses on answering that question by integrating a physically-based watershed model with an economic analysis of alternative sedimentation reduction strategies for the case of Tuttle Creek Lake located in northeastern Kansas.
Several key finding of this study are that both physiographical and economic factors must be considered for cost-effective conservation to occur. Considering these factors and targeting BMP implementation from 8 to 23 times more cost-effective than random implementation. If targeting cannot be done effectively or if “intangible” costs of BMP implementation are too large, dredging is likely to be more cost-effective. While this research compares the cost-effectiveness of various BMP implementation approaches in Kansas with dredging, the benefits associated with each of these strategies is not addressed.
While there is substantial evidence that nonpoint sources have lower nutrient reduction costs than point sources, experience with water quality trading (WQT) reveals a common theme: little or no trading activity. These outcomes suggest the presence of obstacles to trading that were not recognized in the design of existing programs.
To examine the ways that various market imperfections may impact the performance of a WQT market, an agent-based model is constructed, which simulates a hypothetical point-nonpoint market. This study first presents an overview of the concepts and simulation modeling technique used and then analyzes the effects of two prominent market impediments identified in the WQT literature: information levels and trading ratios.
The results imply that if market designers feel that only a limited number of trades will be consummated, creating an institution that provides accessible information about buyers’ prices is preferred to providing information about sellers’ prices. Overall, more information is always better, but it becomes less important with higher trading ratios.
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Bundon, Andrea Marie. ""Whatever works best for the athlete" : the use and experience of complementary and alternative medicine among elite female athletes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5235.
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This study examined how carded female members of Canadian national teams used and
perceived Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). The research was guided by the
following question: How do elite Canadian female athletes use Complementary and Alternative
Medicine? Additionally, the research was infonned by three subsidiary questions, namely: (1)
How do they perceive and experience CAM?; (2) Why do they use/not-use CAM?; (3) What
roles do they perceive CAM to play in their athletic development?; and (4) How is the use of
CAM negotiated within existing sport structures?
Using qualitative research methods, 12 female athletes were interviewed twice using a
semi-structured interview format for a total of 22.5 hours. The athletes were questioned about
their first experiences of using CAM and the situations that lead them to explore new treatments.
The athletes were also asked about their continued use ofCAM and the reasons for the ongoing
treatments as well as the role they perceived CAM and CAM practitioners to have in their
athletic careers.
Previously, the extant literature concerning CAM use among athletes indicated that 56%
of varsity athletes used CAM although this research gave no indication as to the frequency with
which CAM treatments were utilized. The women in my study reported that, when carded, they
used CAM treatments extensively and frequently (from two appointments a month up to two
appointments a day). At the same time, the women in this project revealed that their ability to
access services was highly contingent on their status as carded athletes and the associated
monthly stipend from Sport Canada. Within different sports organization, gendered, and
hegemonic hierarchies further delimited access to CAM. My findings suggest that while injury
may have been the impetus for the first treatment, the ongoing use of CAM was more closely
associated with an effort to prevent chronic conditions and physical imbalances from escalating
and thereby restricting their ability to fully participate in their sport.
These findings have theoretical implications for expanding our understanding of the
value CAM holds for those who use it. The data also bridge the gap between the existing
literature which has examined the influence of the sportsnet on an athlete’s belief, attitudes, and
actions, and research into rates CAM utilization in special populations. Finally, this project
reveals that elite female athletes perceive CAM to be an essential part of their athletic training.
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Dittmer, Kyle Michael. "Mitigating Gaseous Nitrogen and Carbon Losses from Northeastern Agricultural Soils via Alternative Soil Management Practices." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1161.
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Traditional agricultural practices often result in gaseous losses of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2), representing a net loss of nutrients from agricultural soils, which negatively impacts crop yield and requires farmers to increase nutrient inputs. By adopting best management practices (BMPs; i.e., no-tillage, cover crops, sub-surface manure application, and proper manure application timing), there is great potential to reduce these losses. Because N2O and CO2 are also greenhouse gases (GHGs), climate change mitigation via BMP adoption and emissions reductions would be an important co-benefit. However, adopting a no-tillage and cover cropping system has had setbacks within the Northeast, primarily due to concerns regarding manure nitrogen (N) losses in no-tillage systems as well as uncertainty surrounding the benefits of cover crops. This thesis used two field-trials located in Alburgh, Vermont to assess differences in (i) GHG emissions from agricultural soils, (ii) nitrate and ammonium retention, (iii) corn yield and protein content, and (iv) N uptake and retention via cover crop scavenging under a combination of different BMPs.
Chapter 1 evaluates the effects of different reduced-tillage practices and manure application methods (i.e., vertical-tillage, no-tillage, manure injection, and broadcast manure application) on reducing N2O and CO2 emissions, retaining inorganic N, and improving crop yields. Greenhouse gas measurements were collected every other week for the growing season of 2015-2017 via static chamber method using a photoacoustic gas analyzer. Results from this study showed that tillage regimes and manure application method did not interact to affect any of the three research objectives, although differences between individual BMPs were observed. Notably, vertical tillage enhanced CO2 emissions relative to no-tillage, demonstrating the role of soil disturbance and aeration on aerobic microbial C transformations. Manure injection was found to significantly enhance both N2O and CO2 emission relative to broadcast application, likely due to the formation of anerobic micro-zones created from liquid manure injection. However, plots that received manure injection retained greater concentrations of soil nitrate, a vital nutrient for quality crop production, thereby highlighting a major tradeoff between gaseous N losses and N retention with manure injection.
Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of tillage practices and timing of manure application to increase N retention with the use of cover crops in order to mitigate GHG emissions, enhance soil nitrate and ammonium retention, and improve cropping system N uptake. Treatments at this field trial consisted of a combination of the presence or absence of cover crops, no-tillage or conventional-tillage, and spring or fall manure application. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured every other week via static chamber method using a gas chromatograph for the growing season of 2018. Results from this study showed that the presence of cover crops enhanced both N2O and CO2 emissions relative to fallow land, irrespective of tillage regime and manure application season, likely as a result of greater N and carbon substrates entering the soil upon cover crop decomposition. Due to enhanced N2O emissions with cover crops, cover crops did not retain significantly greater inorganic N in the system upon termination.
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Ayhan, Serhat. "The next best alternative to an ideal recruit attrition characteristics of recruits with waivers and low educational credentials in the Army." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4849.
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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited<br>The supply of high quality recruits is limited and services are facing a diminishing recruiting market. Under these constraints, it is important to identify which groups of recruits are the next best alternatives to an ideal recruit. This research examines the attrition rates of recruits with less-than ideal qualifications which include recruits enlisted with waivers, without high school diploma or with low AFQT scores in the U.S. Army. The secondary focus of this study is to analyze the effect of a conduct or drug waiver on attrition due to behavioral or drug problems. We use data from the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) consisting of all enlisted accessions for U.S. Army between fiscal year 2000 and fiscal year 2006. We employ multivariate data analysis to analyze both attrition and unsuitability attrition. The study reveals that educational credentials have a decreasing effect on both attrition and unsuitability attrition. Conduct waivers have a decreasing effect on early attrition, but an increasing effect on first term attrition. Unsuitability attrition rates of recruits with conduct waivers are higher for all subcategories with drug waivers leading. Recruits with medical waivers are more likely to attrite in all attrition points, but this effect is likely to be offset by higher educational standards. They are also less likely to attrite for unsuitability reasons.
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Sahin, Fatih Ayhan Serhat. "The next best alternative to an ideal recruit attrition characteristics of recruits with waivers and low educational credentials in the Army /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FSahin.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Pema, Elda ; Arkes, Jeremy. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Educational credentials, high quality recruits, ideal, less-than ideal, Conduct, Moral, Drug, Waivers, Attrition, Misconduct, Manpower, Recruiting, Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111). Also available in print.
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Turner, Maribeth Lynn. "What AAC interventions best provide functional communication for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders?" The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531761926504047.
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Assim, Usang Maria. "In the best interest of the child deprived of a family environment: a focus on Islamic Kafalah as an alternative care option." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/12678.
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Islamic Kafalah is a guardianship system that enables a child to be brought up within a family environment without inheritance rights and ‘assimilation’ as the legal child of the new parents. This study analyses Kafalah within the context of alternative care for children deprived of their environment. Compares Kafalah to other forms of alternative case and examines the extent to which Kafalah is recognized and practiced internationally.<br>Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Julia Sloth-Nielsen, University of the Wstern Cape, South Africa.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>http://www.chr.up.ac.za/<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>LLM
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Van, den Berg Loraine. "The evaluation and promotion of best practices for the restoration of arid- and semi-arid rangelands in southern Africa / Loraine van den Berg." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2036.
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Garner, Birtice A. "Alternative to low bid selection in Air Force reserve military construction." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29744.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Building Construction, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: Castro-Lacouture, Daniel; Committee Member: McElroy, James H.; Committee Member: Roper, Kathy. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Doley, Todd Michael. "Maintaining a Nitrogen Cap for Virginia's Potomac River: The Contribution of Alternative Development Patterns." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31142.
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The Chesapeake Bay, once one of the worlds most productive estuaries, has been severely impacted by human activity in the water and on the lands around it. Viewed as an ecosystem, the Bay is no longer able to support the variety and abundance of biota that it was historically able to. Several decades of research on the Chesapeake have pointed to human activities as being the principle reason for this decline. Of these detrimental activities, elevated inputs of Nitrogen and Phosphorus to the Bay were singled out as being the greatest cause of water quality deterioration.
The state of Virginia is trying to reduce its annual load of Nitrogen, to the Potomac River, to 60% of what the load was estimated to be in 1985. Virginia would like to accomplish this goal at the lowest cost to its citizens. Therefore the state needs to determine the combination of nitrogen control efforts which will achieve the goal at the lowest cost. The state would also like to be able to maintain nitrogen loads at or below this cap level, indefinitely into the future.
This study was undertaken with three primary objectives. The first was to project the level of annual nitrogen inputs to the Potomac River, from the state of Virginia, over the next 15 years. The second was to estimate the minimum annual costs necessary to achieve and maintain a 40% reduction in total nitrogen inputs, using the Virginiaâ s estimated 1985 inputs as a baseline. The final objective was to assess the potential cost savings that may result from using one of two alternative development patterns within the rapidly urbanizing Northern Virginia portion of the Potomac Watershed. The first alternative is prohibiting low-density development within the Northern Virginia region, and the second is to restrict all new development to be within 5 miles of an existing urban area.
Study results suggest that there has been no significant progress toward meeting the nitrogen reduction goal, due to the increase in population within the watershed, over the past 13 years. To attain the goal in 1998, a minimum of $27 million, above what is currently being spent annually, would be required. Under the current land use trend within Virginiaâ s Potomac Basin, the annual cost for maintaining the goal is estimated to rise to $38 million annually, in 1998 dollars, by the year 2013. This is a 40% increase in cost.
If the first alternative development pattern is adhered to over this 15-year period, then the annual cost will be $33 million, for an annual cost saving of approximately $5 million in 2013. The second alternative could achieve similar results if implemented, costing roughly $5 million less in 2013 than the annual cost per year under the current trend. These findings suggest that the use of alternative development patterns can help slow but not prevent the annual cost, of maintaining the cap, from rising.
The study indicates that the reason for the continuous rise in annual cost, over this fifteen-year period, is due primarily to an increase in nitrogen loading to the Potomac that will result from the wastewater disposal needs of the growing population within the Basin. Furthermore, the state will eventually exhaust its lower cost options for reducing Nitrogen loadings, and at that point the annual cost for maintaining the Nitrogen Cap will begin to rise exponentially. Under current land use trends this rapid rise in cost is unlikely to occur within the next 15 years, and is more apt to occur sometime within the next 20 to 40 years. Once annual expenditures begin to rise exponentially it is unlikely that the state of Virginia would be able to maintain its 40% reduction goal.<br>Master of Science
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Twombly, Cameron Robert. "Edge-of-Field Hydrology and Nutrient Fluxes within Northeastern Agroecosystems: Evaluation of Alternative Management Practices and Water Quality Models." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1170.
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Agricultural runoff is one of largest contributors of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and sediment affecting freshwater systems in watersheds across the Northeastern U.S., including the Lake Champlain Basin in Vermont. Agricultural cropping systems, such as corn silage and haylands, used for dairy feed production have been shown to impact watershed hydrology and water quality. Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) have the potential to decrease runoff volumes and flow rates and the associated export of nutrients and sediment from agricultural fields. Many states in the Northeastern U.S., including Vermont, are beginning to require farmers to implement water quality BMPs and further improve risk evaluation of export of P in runoff using evolving P site assessment tools, such as the Phosphorus Index (P-Index). Quantifying the effects of BMPs on hydrologic and nutrient exports from fields is critical for informing site assessment tools that aid in the development of nutrient management plans and to help design agroecosystems that do not degrade water quality. However, there is a lack of data on the effects of BMPs on edge-of-field hydrologic and nutrient fluxes, especially in cold-climate regions with snow-melt induced runoff events. This thesis consists of four chapters, Chapter 1 is a comprehensive literature review on agricultural hydrology and water quality, BMP effectiveness, and P site assessment tools. Chapters 2 and 3 address research objectives related to the evaluation of BMP and P site assessment tool effectiveness. Chapter 4 is a summary of the conclusions drawn from the work done in Chapters 2 and 3, and suggestions for future work.
Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of soil aeration prior to manure application on edge-of-field hydrology, water quality, and P fluxes in haylands with clay soils during both precipitation and snow-melt induced runoff events. Edge-of-field water quality monitoring techniques and passive-capillary lysimeter systems were used to continuously measure the losses of surface runoff, subsurface leachate, and the associated export of nutrients (total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and total dissolved nitrogen) and total suspended solids resulting from runoff events year-round from 2012 to 2018. Annual P fluxes in the form of vegetative uptake and removal, manure additions, and soil test P were also recorded. Results from this study indicated that soil aeration had the potential to reduce nutrient and sediment exports from haylands with poorly-drained, high runoff producing soils in the Northeastern U.S. where winter freeze-thaw conditions exist. However, potential increases in surface and subsurface hydrologic flows can accompany these reductions; these implications should be considered before implementation.
Chapter 3 identifies potential P-Index improvements through the representation of topographic controls on phosphorus (P) transport by comparing results from the Vermont P-Index (VT P-Index) and a more complex process-based model, TopoSWAT, across topographic regions in a small agricultural watershed (360 ha) in the Lake Champlain Basin. Scenarios of varying P management strategies were modeled for corn silage production fields with poorly-drained soils and rolling topography. Modeled outputs of P risk assessments and edge-of-field dissolved and particulate P losses were compared. Results from this study suggest that the VT P-Index could improve its ability to support farm nutrient management planning and other P-based management decisions by incorporating topographic controls of runoff production into its estimation of P transport.
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Peñaloza-Ramos, Maria Cristina. "The use of best practice guidelines and the effect of alternative model structures in results of cost-effectiveness : an analysis with emphasis in cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7979/.
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The growing use of decision analytic modelling (DAM) to aid decision making in healthcare has triggered the need for increased scrutiny of the methods used and the assessment of compliance with these methods. The assessment of structural uncertainty surrounding the choice of model structure and model external validity represent some of most frequent challenges faced by researchers. This thesis used systematic reviews and two case studies focused on the self-management of hypertension in patients at high risk and thrombolysis in acute stroke to critically examine all available guidelines and statements of good practice and the adherence of current research to good practice guidelines. Two case studies were developed to assess structural uncertainty surrounding the choice of model structure and the impact of the exclusion of secondary events. The results here indicate that DAM guidelines lack practicality due to the extensive amount of information available and their complexity; furthermore, researchers are failing to identifY and correctly assess model structural uncertainty. This thesis makes an important contribution to current knowledge by developing and proposing the use of a practical five-dimension framework to improve the current standards of reporting results of DAM and by illustrating, through case studies, the assessment of structural uncertainty arising from the choice of model structure via scenario analysis and the use of extensive sensitivity analysis.
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Meirelles, Mauro Bezerril. "Avaliação da abordagem BATNA (Best alternative to negotiation agreement) aplicado ao Plano de Desenvolvimento da Planície Entremares, na Praia do Campeche - Ilha de Santa Catarina." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79596.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T05:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2013-07-16T18:21:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
180249.pdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo desenvolver um processo de investigação científica, tendo por base, o Plano de Desenvolvimento para a Planície de Entremares, do qual faz parte, a Praia do Campeche, nosso objeto de investigação. A pesquisa está orientada para identificar dentre as partes que serão identificadas, quais as alternativas apontadas, para o desenvolvimento da região, denominada de "Planície de Entremares". A fundamentação conceitual adotada está centrada na abordagem BATNA (Best Alternative to Negotiation Agreement). A metodologia de investigação adotada fundamentar-se-à no mapeamento dos conflitos, e das possíveis soluções resultantes do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Planície de Entremares, utilizando a metodologia de análise multicriterial de problemas complexos.
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Ramonyai, Mothekoa Gratitude. "Evaluating the best interest of a child as a factor influencing the sentencing of the primary caregiver." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3144.
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Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019<br>This mini-dissertation seeks to evaluate the best interests of the child as a separate factor that influences the sentencing of a primary caregiver. When a parent is in conflict with the law, the child stands to be affected sentence that the court may impose on the caregiver. A custodial sentence has the potential of affecting the child’s right to parental care. Therefore, in the event where a custodial sentence is appropriate, alternative care of the child by other persons become a possible option. The author recommends that after applying the principles articulated in S v M and making use of a child impact report; the right of the child to parental care should carry more weight. Thus, courts should duly consider the best interest of the child as an independent factor when negative effects to the child are associated with the sentence. Where appropriate, with either a non-custodial sentence or adequate alternative care (in the case of imprisonment).
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Nilsson, Julia. "TAKK - en möjlig resurs för barns kommunicerande? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie med pedagoger." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6695.
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The purpose of this essay was to determine whether signs as alternative and augmentative communication is one possible resource for children’s language development. Based on my research questions How educators perceive the importance of SAAC as possible resources to enhance children's communication?, For which children is SAAC used? and How does educators perceive child’s best in communicative interactions? have I interviewed six educators in two different kinds of municipalities with different kind of positions. In my background I lift the importance of communication for the human being, what happens to the children who doesn’t get stimulated to their language and child’s best. My literature has shown that children need to have an incentive to acquire a language and that SAAC is mainly created for children with special needs. Children’s right to make themselves heard is taken from the UN children convention and article 3 – child’s best. What my result has shown is that the educators sees SAAC as one possible resource to enhance children’s language development but it is also important to see things from different kind of angles. This contributes to the importance of child’s best in communicative interactions.<br>Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka om tecken som alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation är en möjlig resurs för barns språkutveckling. Utifrån frågeställningen Hur upplever pedagoger betydelsen av TAKK som möjlig resurs till att stärka barns kommunicerande?, För vilka barn används TAKK? och Hur uppfattar pedagoger barns bästa inom kommunikativa samspel? har jag intervjuat sex pedagoger i två olika kommuner med olika befattningar. I bakgrunden lyfter jag upp kommunikationens betydelse för människan, vad som händer med barn som inte stimuleras till sitt språk samt barnets bästa. Min litteratur har visat att barn behöver ha stimulans för att tillägna sig ett språk och att TAKK främst skapats för barn med särskilda behov. Barns rätt att kunna göra sig hörda är som taget ur FN:s barnkonvention och artikel 3 – barnets bästa. Vad mitt resultat visat är att pedagogerna ser TAKK som en möjlig resurs att stärka barns språkutveckling men att det också är viktigt att kunna se saker ur olika perspektiv. Detta bidrar till betydelsen av barnets bästa inom kommunikativa samtal.
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Beeks, Jay Cooper. "Which of the current diverse ideas on alternative economics are the best for adequately and comprehensively addressing the great transition to climate, energy, and biodiversity sustainability?" Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10117908.
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<p> My dissertation addresses the need for an alternative system to capitalism, our mainstream system of economics, to support the necessities of a world facing countless ecological systems collapses, global climate change, and social inequity exacerbated by wealth disparity. <i>Alternative economics </i> is defined here as current economic or socioeconomic practices and theories that may redress the flaws in the current dominant global economic system, which is mainstream capitalism. </p><p> The approach to this research is theoretical; that is, I analyze the current literature in the relevant areas of economics and related literature in the social sciences, philosophy, political economics, and environmental studies. I then attempt to generate new knowledge through the analysis, critique, extension, and integration of existing theories and by drawing on existing empirical research. This research is also transdisciplinary, an approach that transcends conventional disciplinary regimes and boundaries. The aim of this study is to ascertain the best alternatives to our current system of capitalism by examining the arguments for and against alternative economic or socioeconomic systems. </p><p> The scope may embrace the complex and transdisciplinary, but it attempts to focus as narrowly as possible on the most promising ideas today concerning the imminent need for changing economics in the face of our global socio-environmental crises as being considered of high importance. The definitive goal of this research is to examine the most recent literature on these alternatives, and, based on this research, to identify which alternatives most suitably address the needs of our ecological systems, the needs of society, and the issue of global climate change. </p><p> Keywords: alternative economics, heterodox economics, sustainability, compassionate economics, wealth disparity, ecosocialism economics, steady-state economics, climate change, transdisciplinary.</p>
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Khalifa, Muhammad A. ""Give me the worst of them, and I'll make them the best" an ethnographic study of a successful alternative school for at-risk African American children /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of K-12 Educational Administration, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-236). Also issued in print.
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Brandling, Janine Ellen. "Production of ethanol from tropical sugar beet / Janine Brandling." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4811.
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The concern over depleting fossil fuel resources and increasing greenhouse
gas emissions has prompted the research into alternative and renewable
energy resources. Bioethanol is seen as a potential alternative to petroleum
fuels and is mainly produced from sugar and starch containing crops such as
sugar cane and maize. In South Africa the use of maize for ethanol production
has been prohibited due to food security concerns; therefore, alternative
feedstocks need to be investigated. Tropical sugar beet, a new variety of sugar
beet, is a potential alternative as it is able to grow in tropical and subtropical
climates using much less water than sugar cane. The main objective of this
study was to determine the potential of using tropical sugar beet for ethanol
production. The study focused on the effects of dilution ratio, pH, yeast
concentration and the addition of a nitrogen supplement on the ethanol yield.
The maximum ethanol yield of 0.47 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency of
92% and a glycerol yield of 0.08 g.g–1 was obtained when no additional water
was added to the juice. The best dilution ratio was found to be 1:4 which gave a
maximum ethanol yield of 0.48 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency of 94% and
a glycerol yield of 0.07 g.g–1. An ethanol yield of 0.48 g.g–1 which is a conversion
efficiency of 94% was achieved at a yeast concentration of 5 g.L–1 after four
hours of fermentation. Nitrogen supplements such as urea, peptone, yeast
extract and ammonium sulphate were added during fermentation. The addition
of a nitrogen supplement to fermentation had a positive effect on the ethanol
yield. The maximum ethanol yield of 0.47 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency
of 92% was achieved when urea was added to the fermentation. The addition of
a nitrogen supplement also decreased the amount of glycerol formed from 0.15
g.g –1 to 0.08 g.g–1. Ammonium sulphate was chosen as the preferred nitrogen
source as it is a simple component that can enter the cell directly. A maximum
ethanol yield of 0.45 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency of 88%, was
achieved when 750 mg N.L–1 ammonium sulphate was added. Adjusting the pH
prior to fermentation had no real effect on the ethanol yield. The maximum
ethanol yield of 0.45 g.g–1 was achieved at all the pH values investigated. Therefore the natural pH of the juice, or pH values between 4 and 5.5, could be
used. Adjusting the pH was done to merely reduce the risk of contamination.
The optimal fermentation parameters were found to be pH 4, yeast
concentration 5 g.L–1 and a ammonium sulphate concentration of 750 mg N.L–1.
At these conditions, a maximum ethanol of 0.45 g.g–1 was achieved. These
results show that tropical sugar beet with a sugar content of approximately
21.8% (w.w–1) is a good feedstock for ethanol production in South Africa.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Cinic, Bachelier Ayca. "L'Européanisation du droit pénal des mineurs : l'exemple de la Turquie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010281.
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Le Conseil de l'Europe -créé à la suite de la Seconde Guerre mondiale afin de reconstruire un espace démocratique et juridique commun -dont les travaux sur le droit pénal des mineurs sont issus des évolutions nationales entamées au début du XXe siècle, s'attacha à valoriser l'expérience des juridictions spécialisées existantes dans quelques pays européens et grâce auxquelles les mineurs commençaient à faire l'objet d'un traitement différencié de celui des adultes. Depuis, observant les préoccupations des États membres à l'égard de la délinquance juvénile et les contours changeants de leurs politiques pénales, le Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe élabore, au moyen de recherches criminologiques et comparatives, de colloques et de conférences, des recommandations et lignes directrices conduisant à l'harmonisation des droits nationaux autour de principes directeurs. Mue par son engagement dans l'européanisation du droit pénal des mineurs, la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme intégra les instruments internationaux et européens pertinents dans sa jurisprudence. Ce qui prend un caractère primordial dans les pays où l'application de la Convention est problématique et les violations des droits de l'homme récurrentes, parmi lesquels la Turquie. En conséquence, et malgré les modifications apportées dans la législation turque depuis 2005, nous ferons apparaître dans cette étude que ce membre du Conseil de l'Europe méconnaît encore l'autonomie de l'enfant, promeut toujours la punition en modèle éducatif, use régulièrement de la détention, et appréhende finalement de manière balbutiante la primauté de l'éducation sur la répression prônée par les principes directeurs<br>The work by the Council of Europe -founded following the Second World War to rebuild a common democratic and legal order-in the field of juvenile justice has been influenced by the national developments emerged in the early twentieth century and has been focusing on enhancing the experiences of the existing special judicial bodies in some European countries of which were established for distinguishing the treatment of juvenile delinquent from adults. Since then, the Comrnittee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, which observes the concerns of the member states on juvenile delinquency as well as their changing criminal justice policies, adopts recommendations and guidelines in order to establish guiding principles leading to harmonization of the national systems through organizing meetings, conferences and conducting comparative research on criminology. Similarly, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) gives reference to the relevant international and European instruments in its jurisprudence so as to contribute to the Europeanisation of juvenile justice. This becomes especially important in countries like Turkey-where the implementation of the ECHR is problematic and human rights violations are recurring. Consequently, this study shows that despite the legislative changes made since 2005, Turkey, which is a member of the Council of Europe, still ignores the autonomy of the child, promotes punishment like an educational method, resort to detention as a regular measure, and finally displays an reluctant and abstaining attitude in giving priority to education over punishment as established by the guidelines
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Ukwuegbu, Bernard. "THE JUDEO-CHRISTIAN REDEMPTIVE HISTORY: AN ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE MIGRATION DEBATE." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2006. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,2929.
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Billah, Abu Hena MD Muntasir. "Seismic performance evaluation of multi column bridge bent retrofitted with different alternatives." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38250.
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Highway bridges constitute a large portion of the national wealth and build up the foundation for economic development. Due to aging and deterioration, they require regular monitoring, evaluation and repair. More than 40% of Canadian bridges have crossed half of their anticipated service life. Many of these are structurally deficient and require major maintenance and rehabilitation. Although budget is allocated each year for maintenance and rehabilitation programme, the amount is usually small and covers only 30% to 70% of the actual maintenance needs. This fact raises the need for identifying bridges that require immediate attention where a significant portion of maintenance resources should be utilized. This study developed an integrated bridge prioritization index for a network of bridges to determine the prioritized work considering the importance of the bridge, cost associated with its rehabilitation and current condition. Once the bridge has been selected it is necessary to select proper retrofit techniques. In order to select a suitable retrofit technique this research has compared the performance of a pre-1965 designed multi column bridge bent retrofitted with different rehabilitation techniques, namely FRP jacketing, steel jacketing, concrete jacketing and Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) jacketing. The performance of the four different retrofitting strategies is compared in terms of base shear capacity demand ratio, ductility demand, residual drift and damage states obtained from nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and static pushover analysis. Statistical comparisons of static (pushover) against dynamic analyses results have been performed in terms of performance criteria such as displacement and base shear at cracking, yielding and crushing. Moreover, this research assessed the fragility of this retrofitted multi column bridge bent under near fault and far field ground motions. The study aimed to capture the impact of different retrofit techniques on the vulnerability of a retrofitted bridge bent. Through rigorous analyses and applying multi-criteria decision making this study developed a decision making tool that will assist in identifying the most effective retrofitting scheme considering its performance under seismic hazards. The results showed that bridge bent retrofitted with ECC jacketing performed better and deemed to be the optimal retrofit alternative.
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Stripe, Chelsea M. "Resisting Containment: Transgressive Movement and Alternative Space among Women Writers of the Beat Generation." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244566904.
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Junior, Hélcio Vieira. "Selecting the system most likely to be the best in the presence of an infinite number of alternatives." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1973.
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Simulation Optimization (SO) belongs to a broader class of problems called Stochastic Optimization. Most of the proposed SO methodologies in the literature aim to optimize the expected value of the performance measure. This thesis focus is on another class of problems: Multinomial Selection Procedures (MSPs). These procedures select the best alternative, where best is defined more broadly as that which has the largest probability of yielding the desired response in only one trial. The MSPs found in the literature aim to compare a (small) finite set of alternatives. There are real-world multinomial selection problems in which at least one variable is continuous. The number of alternatives in this kind of problem is infinite. This fact suggests that a new approach be used. Our proposal to solve this new problem is composed by four steps: (1) Initial Sampling: this step aims to reduce the dimension of the problem by identifying the factors that have the greatest influence on the performance measure. In order to accomplish this step, we developed a novel Design of Experiments (DOE) algorithm that generates a design which is nearly orthogonal and also nearly balanced for any mix of factor types (categorical, numerical discrete and numerical continuous) and/or number of factor levels; (2) Subset Selection: the reduction of a great number of sampled points to a subset of small size which has great probability of containing the best system is the purpose of this step. A novel algorithm for the restricted multinomial subset selection problem is proposed as solution to this step; (3) Local Search: the improvement of the solutions generated by the previous step is made by a local search algorithm. We propose an improvement on the algorithm called COMPASS to allow it to deal with two stochastic objective functions as an answer for this step; and (4) Selection of the Best: once we improve the small number of solutions found in step 2, the classical MSP called is used to select the best among them. We also solved a real problem of the Brazilian Air Force: how to elaborate better air-to-air tactics for Beyond Visual Range (BVR) combat that maximize our aircraft';s survival probability, as well as the probability of downing enemy aircraft. In this study, we were able to increase an average success rate of 16.69\% and 16.23\% for and, respectively, to an average success rate of 76.85\% and 79.30\%. We can assure with low probability of being wrong that the selected tactic has greater probability of yielding greater success rates in both and than any simulated tactic.
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Uzukwu, Elochukwu Eugene. "Book Reviews: Alfred T. Hennelly (editor), "Liberation Theology. A Documentary History," and United Nations Economic Commission for Aftrica. "African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes for Socio-Economic Recovery and Transformation. A Popular Version."." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1993. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,1596.
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Ellig, Tracy Lynn. "Evaluation of Alternative Methods for Leafy Spurge Control in the Northern Great Plains." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29172.
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Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a costly noxious weed to manage in the Northern Great Plains; it invades rangelands and displaces native and desirable vegetation. Our first objective was to test the recommended full rate and half rate of selected herbicides applied in September following a spring burn on a leafy spurge invaded plant community. Our second objective was to determine if raffinate (desugared beet molasses) applied to leafy spurge invaded rangeland would attract cattle to consume leafy spurge. The aminocyclopyrachlor with chlorosulfuron treatment had the best leafy spurge control at the full rate, with stem density reductions of 95 percent for both sites nine and twelve months after treatment. The salt block treatment had the best success at reducing leafy spurge stem density. Herbicides can be the most common and effective type of management; however, manipulating livestock to graze noxious weeds converts a weed into a useable forage.
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Miguez, Roberto. "Introduction of grand solar belt of America : combinatorial optimization using genetic algorithms." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1295.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Cockerill, Timothy Paul. "The experiences of a shared placement for pupils identified as having behavioural, emotional and social difficulties and staff." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14186.
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The following research project is split into two phases and concludes with a synthesis of both phases. The overarching aim of the research project is to explore how mainstream schools can best work with alternative providers to make collective provision for those identified as having Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties. In the first phase, a realistic evaluation methodology (Pawson & Tilley, 1997) is adopted and semi structured interviews are used to explore the experiences of staff in relation to pupils on a shared placement. A provisional theory is then developed to explain the outcomes of the shared placement arrangement. The second phase of the research involves gathering the views and perceptions of the pupils and also utilises the realistic evaluation approach. The aim of this phase is to refine and update the provisional theory developed in Phase 1. This study adopts a mixed methods approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with the pupils. A quantitative element is introduced through a closer examination of the relationship between pupils’ sense of school belonging and the success, or otherwise of the shared placement. Throughout both phases of the research, there is a focus on discovering how a shared placement affects the pupil and what the outcomes of this arrangement are. The project is also heavily focused on identifying the contextual conditions that either facilitate or inhibit positive outcomes occurring. The findings of the research indicate that shared placements can lead to a variety of outcomes for pupils. When it works well, pupils become more engaged with their education and this has a positive impact on their behaviour and emotional development. However, it is also clear that shared placements can result in undesirable outcomes including further disengagement from the mainstream school. When outcomes were positive, the shared placement increased pupils’ self-efficacy, aspirations and facilitated achievement. These factors were supported by valuing pupil voice, excellent partnership working between settings and the schools willingness to include children with complex needs. This research also highlights that a greater sense of belonging to the mainstream school is associated with an increased likelihood of positive outcomes occurring. This project has explored an area which has been largely neglected in previous research. The theories developed have a variety of implications for Educational Psychologists as well as wider implications, and these are discussed in the final section. Figure 1 presents a visual overview of the research project.
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Launerová, Martina. "Železnice jako alternativa námořní přepravy na relaci Asie-Evropa." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262189.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is the comparison of maritime and rail freight transport between Asia and Europe. The thesis focuses on characteristic of rail transport as an alternative mode of transport and identification of possibilities, how to increase its competitiveness towards to maritime transport. First part of the thesis analyses current situation in maritime and rail transport and focuses on their specifics and future potential. The practical part deals with the change of fictitious company´s logistics system. Maritime and rail transport are compared in terms of risks, costs and shipping time. The last part of thesis deals with possibilities of increasing competitiveness of rail transport in the future.
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Pérez, Brenda Rubi Bautista. "Eficiência de três métodos : alternativo, biológico e químico, no controle do ácaro Varroa destructor Anderson e Trueman (2000) em Apis mellifera Linnaeus (1758)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8011.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-14<br>Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)<br>Bees are the most important pollinators of agricultural ecosystems by carrying out pollination of up to 90% of native plants and more than one third of cultivated plants. Studies conducted around the world have been demonstrating a phenomenon called CCD (Colony Collapse Disorder), whose causal agent several factors including diseases that affect this group. Among them, the varroa resulting from the Varroa destructor mite attack, is reported as pathogen major impact factor on the Apis mellifera. In view of this, the objective of this study was to test the efficiency of three methods to control V. destructor: alternative, obtained from the distillation of oregano (Origanum vulgare Linnaeus, 1753), thyme (Thymus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1753) and
sugar beet (Beta vulgaris Linnaeus, 1753); biological, run base drones and larvae chemical, carried out with the application of active flumethrin principle. The results were evaluated by statistical analysis in R program to determine the differences between treatments and proposed mergers and select the best method of control. In the analysis, it was observed that the alternative method showed a significant difference by highlighting thyme distillation as more efficient because there is no significant killing of bees and cause the death of all the mites in a shorter time compared to the other distillates. The biological method hornets larvae base is also
preferably effective due to mite in these individuals. In chemical control the use of the active ingredient flumethrin caused poisoning in bees, with diarrhea in the first 6 hours after application, and after 48 hours caused a mortality of 100%, which demonstrates be impractical to control the mite.<br>As abelhas são os agentes polinizadores mais importantes dos agroecossistemas por realizarem
a polinização de até 90% das plantas nativas e de mais de 1/3 das plantas cultivadas. Estudos
desenvolvidos ao redor do mundo vêm demostrando um fenômeno chamado CCD (Colony
Collapse Disorder), que tem como agente causal vários fatores incluindo as doenças que afetam
este grupo. Dentre elas, a varroose, resultante do ataque do ácaro Varroa destructor, é o
patógeno relatado como fator de grande impacto sobre a espécie Apis mellifera. Diante disto, o
objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência de três métodos para o controle de V. destructor: o
alternativo, obtido a partir da destilação de orégano (Origanum vulgare Lineus, 1753), tomilho
(Thymus vulgaris Lineus, 1753) e beterraba (Beta vulgaris Lineus, 1753); o biológico,
executado a base de larvas de zangões e o químico, realizado com a aplicação do princípio ativo
flumetrina. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de análise estatística no programa R para
determinar as diferenças entre os tratamentos e as concentrações propostas e selecionar o
melhor método para controle. Nas análises, foi observado que o método alternativo apresentou
diferença significativa, destacando as destilações de tomilho como mais eficientes por não haver
morte significativa das abelhas, além de causar a morte de todos os ácaros em menor tempo
comparado, aos outros destilados. O método biológico a base de larvas de zangões também é
eficiente devido a preferência do ácaro por estes indivíduos. No controle químico o uso do
ingrediente ativo flumetrina, causou intoxicação nas abelhas, com diarreia nas primeiras 6 horas
após aplicação, e depois de 48 horas causou uma mortalidade de 100%, o que demostra ser
inviável para o controle do ácaro.
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Diorio, Nicholas John Jr. "From Synthesis to Piezoelectric Studies of Central-Ring-Substituted Bent-Core Liquid Crystals and Their Composites." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1375098839.
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De, Klerk Charlotte. "The place beyond the bent pines - designing through exploration, making and discovery: an alternative design methodology through an exploration in timber for an imagining of its use." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7510.
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This dissertation demonstrates an experiment in an alternative design methodology, beginning with structural and material exploration rather than conventional design processes where detailing plays less of a role in the design process. The dissertation project is driven by informants discovered through technical research in timber construction through tactile experimentation and the 'act of making'. Timber remains the material of choice for the length of the dissertation. Timber's particular inherent properties, capabilities and hindrances therefore form the parameters for creative design potential. The dissertation thus aims to demonstrate the importance of understanding materials and tests whether an alternative design process can lead to a more tectonically expressive form. The dissertation focuses on the use of standardised building components to demonstrate the way in which a timber compilation of standard components can be used to create an extremely varied building form. Additionally, it emphasises the use of localised technologies in order to show that craft still has a place within the context of contemporary South Africa where high unemployment rates and unskilled labour is experienced. The dissertation further demonstrates the way in which a designed structural timber system, designed purely through informants learnt through the 'act of making', can be applied in a contextualised setting with an appropriate site and programme in accordance with the structure's spatial potential. The final design aims to form perceptual structure through its tectonic expression in perceiving it as meaningful. Ultimately, the project strives towards depicting an architectural tectonic story where the building is contextualised, Hout Bay, South Africa, and seeks to express a narrative in which one can construe one's own tale as to the mystery of its making.
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Kühnhold, Volker [Verfasser]. "Investigation on host-parasite interaction between the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci and sugar beet Beta vulgaris and their importance for development of alternative integrated management strategies / Volker Kühnhold. Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017217483/34.
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Rovi, Ana. "Analysis of 2 x 2 x 2 Tensors." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56762.
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<p>The question about how to determine the rank of a tensor has been widely studied in the literature. However the analytical methods to compute the decomposition of tensors have not been so much developed even for low-rank tensors.</p><p>In this report we present analytical methods for finding real and complex PARAFAC decompositions of 2 x 2 x 2 tensors before computing the actual rank of the tensor.</p><p>These methods are also implemented in MATLAB.</p><p>We also consider the question of how best lower-rank approximation gives rise to problems of degeneracy, and give some analytical explanations for these issues.</p>
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Armah, Collins. "The Perspectives of African Immigrants in Sweden on Intercountry Child Adoption." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60528.
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The views of minority groups who speak on behalf of adopted children in Western countries like Sweden have relevance with regards to enriching the international adoption discourse; and to inform adoption policies in both sending and receiving countries. This study aimed at seeking the views of African immigrants in Sweden on intercountry adoption with the objective of bringing out the meanings they create on the major themes involved to enrich the international adoption debate and to inform policy formation. In all, twenty (20) participants who were grouped into Six (6) focus groups participated. There were mixed opinions on various themes involved. Some of their perspectives were consistent with previous political discourses on adoptions and others were not. These were discussed in the analysis accordingly. Contrary to international conventions, participants showed much relevance to intercountry adoption as against incountry adoption. However, there were predominant views in support of child adoption that is well regulated.
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Lu, Yi-huai, and 盧翊淮. "The Selection of the Best Alternative for General Ammunition Mobilization." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7zf8zr.
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碩士<br>義守大學<br>管理碩博士班<br>104<br>The research is about the exploration on the differences of the maintenance and mobilization of ammunition among United States, and Singapore and Taiwan, R.O.C. Referring to the two countries mentioned above, I analyzed the general maintenance of R.O.C Army Ammunition by using modularization, containerization, or the combination of both modularization and containerization to evaluate and select the best way in order to benefit the flow of maintenance and mobilization of
ammunition of the armed forces.
By means of collecting the references and Expert Interview Survey, I summarized three modules for the maintenance and mobilization of ammunition. In the process of this research, there are 4 evaluation standards, including safety, cost, efficiency, and mission, and 15 evaluation factors adopted while analyzing and deducting. The efficiency value of the 4 standards and 15 factors was calculated by using the two-stage survey, and Data Envelopment Analysis to find out the expectation value of the three modules so as to in the end to bring
forth the result of the best optimum.
The research result showed that the combination of both modularization and containerization stands out of the three. In contrast with the contemporary maintenance and mobilization of armed forces , it is apparent that the armed forces will have to invest much more national defense budget, if the combination of both modularization and containerization is adopted, to construct the best optimum of the maintenance and mobilization of ammunition so that the armed forces could face the newly-modernized war pattern in 21st century.
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Chan, Ya-Han, and 詹雅涵. "The Research of the Best Alternative Road for Bridge Blocked." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06594532641499994920.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>工業管理系所<br>102<br>Natural disasters and man-made renovation cause obstacles on the bridges, and frequently block up the traffic movement, therefore huge number of road users seek for alternative road, which causes traffic jam in the neighborhood. This research is conducted for both before and after encountering bridge blocked, exploring and planning the best alternative road under different conditions and factors.
The research objective is to minimize the total cost of road user’s time value and traffic signals stagnation. The design models variables are road speed limits and traffic signals stagnation seconds. According to these factors, the objective function of road users is constructed in four models to minimize total cost. Dijkstra algorithm is implemented to seek the best alternative road. The program for simulation testing and performance evaluation is written by C language programming. Pingtung Bridge that impacted by typhoon in 2000 was implemented as actual case for this research. Simulation results show that the road chosen by users under the model and objective proposed is the best alternative road in different situations.
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Chang, Shun-Yun, and 張舜雲. "Alternative Provisioning Tactic in Joint-nesting Yuhina brunneiceps: Making the Best of a Bad Job." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49518328024517823298.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>森林環境暨資源學研究所<br>102<br>Competition is a common interactive relationship in nature. Subordinate attempts to “make the best of a bad job” by alternative tactics. Social animals receive benefits by living in groups, but also suffer from strong conflicts and competition. However, few researches have noted overall conflict resolutions and applications of alternative tactics in social groups. We investigated an alternative tactic selection in cooperative breeding species, Taiwan yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps), and tested the nestling competition hypothesis and the parental selection hypothesis. Here we show when an individual invested higher effort in provisioning, the parents in different hierarchy fed different weight of nestlings, subordinates preferred lighter nestling while dominants preferred larger one. On the other hand, subordinate chose provisioning in secondary sequence to improve the resource intake of weaker nestlings. Though the results support parental selection hypothesis, food resource allocation depended on sibling rivalry. Larger nestlings scramble more food, which supports nestling competition hypothesis. This is the first time record that subordinates can improve fitness by alternative tactics in unfavorable condition. In the future, we should focus not merely on the meaning of alternative tactics in reproduction and resource allocation competition, but study more in whole fitness performance. In evolution of group-living, the social conflict resolution is important in group formation. Taiwan yuhina show a good instance for cooperation and conflict in intensing competition environment.
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Carreira, Rita Isabel Rodrigues. "Economic study of alternative best management practices for swine effluent application to corn in semiarid climate." 2004. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1141.pdf.
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"Determination of Dominant Failure Modes Using Combined Experimental and Statistical Methods and Selection of Best Method to Calculate Degradation Rates." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26838.
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abstract: This is a two part thesis:
Part 1 of this thesis determines the most dominant failure modes of field aged photovoltaic (PV) modules using experimental data and statistical analysis, FMECA (Failure Mode, Effect, and Criticality Analysis). The failure and degradation modes of about 5900 crystalline-Si glass/polymer modules fielded for 6 to 16 years in three different photovoltaic (PV) power plants with different mounting systems under the hot-dry desert climate of Arizona are evaluated. A statistical reliability tool, FMECA that uses Risk Priority Number (RPN) is performed for each PV power plant to determine the dominant failure modes in the modules by means of ranking and prioritizing the modes. This study on PV power plants considers all the failure and degradation modes from both safety and performance perspectives, and thus, comes to the conclusion that solder bond fatigue/failure with/without gridline/metallization contact fatigue/failure is the most dominant failure mode for these module types in the hot-dry desert climate of Arizona.
Part 2 of this thesis determines the best method to compute degradation rates of PV modules. Three different PV systems were evaluated to compute degradation rates using four methods and they are: I-V measurement, metered kWh, performance ratio (PR) and performance index (PI). I-V method, being an ideal method for degradation rate computation, were compared to the results from other three methods. The median degradation rates computed from kWh method were within ±0.15% from I-V measured degradation rates (0.9-1.37 %/year of three models). Degradation rates from the PI method were within ±0.05% from the I-V measured rates for two systems but the calculated degradation rate was remarkably different (±1%) from the I-V method for the third system. The degradation rate from the PR method was within ±0.16% from the I-V measured rate for only one system but were remarkably different (±1%) from the I-V measured rate for the other two systems. Thus, it was concluded that metered raw kWh method is the best practical method, after I-V method and PI method (if ground mounted POA insolation and other weather data are available) for degradation computation as this method was found to be fairly accurate, easy, inexpensive, fast and convenient.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Engineering 2014
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Assim, Usang Maria. "In the best interest of children deprived of a family environment: a focus on islamic kafalah as an alternative care option." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3339.
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"Aplicação da Abordagem Batna Best Alternative To Negotiation Agreement na Resolução de Conflitos Ambientais na Praia do Campeche Florianópolis Santa Catarina." Tese, Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, 2001. http://teses.eps.ufsc.br/defesa/pdf/9237.pdf.
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Heermann, Lisa [Verfasser]. "Who makes the best of it? : alternative feeding strategies of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and their consequences / vorgelegt von Lisa Heermann." 2008. http://d-nb.info/993623409/34.
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