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Ahlman, S., A. Malm, H. Kant, G. Svensson, and P. Karlsson. "Modelling non-structural Best Management Practices– focus on reductions in stormwater pollution." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 5 (2005): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0097.
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This paper describes a modelling approach for evaluating the efficiency of different non-structural best management practices for stormwater management. A scenario with a set of source reduction practices was simulated using the substance flow model SEWSYS for an urban catchment in the city of Göteborg, Sweden. The scenario is based on a hypothetical control program that includes prevention, education and regulations. The simulation shows relatively high reductions of copper and PAH, 77% and 50%, respectively. The reduction in copper is mainly due to less copper roof corrosion and brake wear, while reduced road wear has the greatest effect for PAH. An important result from this study is that the non-structural BMPs applied did not give a sufficient reduction in pollution to meet the desirable environmental quality criteria. To meet these criteria, additional BMPs must be implemented, preferably a combination of both non-structural and structural measures.
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Wilts, Henning, Günter Dehoust, Dirk Jepsen, and Florian Knappe. "Eco-innovations for waste prevention — Best practices, drivers and barriers." Science of The Total Environment 461-462 (September 2013): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.096.
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Alexander, Susan V. "Pollution Control and Prevention at Containerized Nursery Operations." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (1993): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0454.
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Most plant materials marketed in the United States are produced in containers under controlled growing conditions at large (> 20 ha) nurseries located in southern and pacific coast states. The nursery/greenhouse business is one of the fastest growing segments of American agriculture accounting for 11% of all crop income in 1991. Runoff and irrigation return flow from containerized nursery facilities can contain nitrogen, phosphorus, bacteria, certain pesticides, various salts, and trace metals. Because of their large size, the intensity of the growing cycle, the huge volume of water needed to produce the product, and the concentration of these nurseries in certain areas, there is the potential for diffuse pollution from these nurseries to adversely impact a number of surface and ground water systems in the southern and western United States. Discharges from nursery/greenhouse operations are not federally regulated although some states require large facilities to obtain discharge permits. A number of larger nurseries in Texas, Oklahoma, and California have designed and installed pollution control and prevention systems that appear to be effective. This paper will provide background information about containerized plant culture and discuss the structural, vegetative, and management Best Management Practices that are in use at two different large containerized nurseries in Texas.
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Wu, Chuan Bao, and Xiang Hui Zeng. "Study on Control of Water Quality of Poyang Lake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.979.
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Water quality of Poyang Lake is facing serious threats with the quick development of Jiangxi Province. Water quality control and pollution prevention of Poyang Lake have become important problems set before Jiangxi Province. To keep good water quality of Poyang Lake, a series of pollution-preventing strategies were studied. In order to prevent point source (PS) pollution, industrial types and layout, management measures and production technique should be improved. Strategies to prevent non-point source (NPS) pollution include four aspects. First is to transform part of NPS pollution to PS pollution by rationally laying out industry system. Second is to construct spatially harmonious and reasonable landscape pattern. Third is to reform conventional agricultural production by using advanced chemical and biological technologies. Fourth is to carry out Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low-impact Development (LID) by learning and innovation.
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Schnelle, Michael A., Sharon L. von Broembsen, and Michael D. Smolen. "388 Extension Water Quality Training for the Nursery Industry." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 459F—460. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.459f.
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A comprehensive educational program focusing on water quality protection was developed for the Oklahoma nursery industry. The program focused on best management practices to limit pesticides and nutrients in irrigation runoff and on capture and recycle technology as a pollution prevention strategy. Key professionals from the departments of entomology and plant pathology, biosystems and agricultural engineering, and horticulture formed a multidisciplinary team within the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service (OCES). During 1998, water quality workshops were conducted on-site throughout Oklahoma at leading nursery operations. These workshops were designed to highlight best management practices (BMPs) that were already in place as a foundation on which to implement additional BMPs with the assistance of the OCES team. Training workshops were augmented by written publications, by web-based information, and by videotape instruction. These provided for ongoing education beyond the formal grant period. The written materials included a water quality handbook for nurseries and a fact sheet on capturing and recycling irrigation runoff. The water quality handbook was also made available on the web and a website on disease management for nurseries using recycling irrigation was provided. The water quality video, highlighting successful growers, was designed to show aspects of both best management practices and capture and recycle technology. Results of these 3-year extension efforts will be discussed.
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Wang, Yu, Jianmin Bian, Wangmei Lao, Yongsheng Zhao, Zeyu Hou, and Xiaoqing Sun. "Assessing the Impacts of Best Management Practices on Nonpoint Source Pollution Considering Cost-Effectiveness in the Source Area of the Liao River, China." Water 11, no. 6 (2019): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061241.
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Agricultural nonpoint source pollution has been a major influential factor on the deterioration of water quality in the Liao River source area. Best management practices (BMPs), as a comprehensive pollution prevention system designed to reduce the impacts of agricultural activities and improve water quality, has been considered one of the most effective solutions for nonpoint source pollution control. However, economic cost has been an important element for screening the implementation of BMPs. Both pollution reduction and capital expenditure need to be resolved with the actual situation. A water quality model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and empirical cost algorithm are important tools to assess the cost-effectiveness of the effects of BMPs on nonpoint source pollution. In this study, BMP scenarios including buffer strips (BSs), fertilizer reduction (FR), forest land increase (FLI), grassland increase (GLI), and their combination were implemented using the SWAT model; furthermore, the efficiency of their pollutants reduction and costs benefit were estimated in the watershed. The results showed that combined BMPs have better control effects than a single BMP, with “BS20 (widths 20 m) + FR15 (fertilization reduction 15%) + FLI (forest land increase)” arriving at the greatest loads reduction in the critical periods. From environmental and economic perspectives, the cost-effectiveness of interception measures is higher than that of the source control measures. The results indicated that BS was the most environmentally friendly practice, and FR was the most economically efficient out of all the BMPs. Regarding land-use changes, FLI was more environmentally friendly, and GLI was more economically efficient. The most economical and effective BMPs can be designated as follows: BS1.5 (widths 1.5 m) and FR15 (fertilization reduction 15%). Therefore, due to possible differences in government policies, it is important to consider an integrated approach for all the relevant actors and seek sustainable environmental and economic development.
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Holas, J., and M. Hrncir. "Integrated watershed approach in controlling point and non-point source pollution within Zelivka drinking water reservoir." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 9 (2002): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0262.
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An agricultural watershed involves manipulation of soil, water and other natural resources and it has profound impacts on ecosystems. To manage these complex issues, we must understand causes and consequences and interactions-related transport of pollutants, quality of the environment, mitigation measures and policy measures. A ten year period of economic changes has been analysed with respect to sustainable development concerning Zelivka drinking water reservoir and its watershed, where agriculture and forestry are the main human activities. It is recommended that all land users within a catchment area should receive payments for their contribution to water cycle management. Setting up the prevention principles and best management practices financially subsidized by a local water company has been found very effective in both point and non-point source pollution abatement, and the newly prepared Clean Water Programme actively involves local municipal authorities as well. The first step based on systems analysis was to propose effective strategies and select alternative measures and ways for their financing. Long term monitoring of nutrient loads entering the reservoir and hazardous events statistics resulted in maps characterising the territory including vulnerable zones and risk factors. Financing involves providing annual payments to farmers, who undertake to manage specified areas of their land in a particular way and one-off payments to realise proposed issues ensuring soil conservation and watershed ecosystem benefits.
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Cook, Kenneth A. "Environmental reform of agricultural policy in 1990 and beyond: Consider the source." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 3-4 (1989): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003003.
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AbstractThe environment will be a major issue during the 1990 Farm Bill reauthorization, with environmental reform efforts directed toward strengthening the conservation provisions of the 1985 Farm Bill, and expanding into new areas of water quality and food safety. The process will differ from the 1985 Farm Bill environmental reform experience in several important ways. In 1990, the policy ideas under discussion are more sweeping, the issues are more complex and controversial scientific understanding is more ambiguous, technical capacity in the field is highly limited, and the farm policy environment is more volatile. Key environmental policy issues this year are the future size and purposes of the 1985 Conservation Reserve Program, and the strengthening of sodbuster, swampbuster and conservation compliance provisions enacted in 1985. Commodity program reforms that remove disincentives to crop rotations, and food safety issues will also top the environmental agenda. An Environmental Stewardship Program is proposed as a new approach to source reduction and pollution prevention. An ESP program might consist of 10–15 year contracts under which farmers are compensated to adopt environmentally sound practices such as crop rotations, reduced and more efficient use of agricultural chemicals, integrated pest management systems, and best management practices for water quality and food safety concerns.
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Chircop, Aldo. "The IMO Initial Strategy for the Reduction of GHGs from International Shipping: A Commentary." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 3 (2019): 482–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13431093.
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AbstractIn 2018 the IMO adopted the initial Strategy for the international shipping industry’s reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions towards achieving the goal set in the 2015 Paris Agreement. At this time the Strategy is no more than a preliminary structure to frame the measures that will need to be adopted for the short, medium and long terms. In the short term (2018–2023) a first suite of measures will be adopted, and the initial Strategy will be revised and adopted as changed in 2023 with proposed measures for the medium term (2023–2030) and long term (2030–2050 and beyond). New international standards, tools and best practices will be needed to supplement the existing energy efficiency management rules in the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/78. This article discusses the Strategy and the role of the IMO in leading the shipping industry on the road to decarbonization.
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Zaklekta, Olga, and Oksana Mochuk. "Current state of household waste management: world experience and ukrainian realities." University Economic Bulletin, no. 49 (May 22, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-49-112-120.
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Formulation of the problem. Since the late twentieth century. The world community faces challenges related to the exacerbation of global environmental problems (the impact of environmental pollution on human health, the state of the ecosystem and climate change), which has given impetus to scientific research on the most effective levers and tools to reduce the burden on the environment. Given the difficult situation in Ukraine today regarding the management of household waste, it is necessary to change the conceptual approaches, ie to make the transition from their disposal to prevention, reduction of waste generation and the introduction of sorting, recycling and use. It is advisable to use the best European and world waste management practices in order to implement the optimal model in the field of waste management as soon as possible. Given this, environmental protection and the transition to sustainable economic development and ecologically balanced system of nature management is one of the priority areas in public administration [9]. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issues of forming a waste management strategy in the countries of the European Union are devoted to the works of such domestic scientists as N. I. Romanyuk, N. M.Korniychuk, V. Yu. Колесник, V. L.Kachuriner, N. A. Public, V. V.Deregs, in which they explored the basic principles and principles of its implementation, as well as analyzed the EU legal framework in this area. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of household waste management in developed countries and the formation of this strategy in Ukraine. The objectives of the study are: to consider the European model of waste management; to analyze measures to prevent waste generation in Europe; assess the current state of household waste management in Ukraine; assessment of the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. The theoretical basis of scientific research is the work of leading domestic and foreign economists on the problems of household waste management. The information base of the study consists of legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine, statistical data of the European Union and materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific methods was used: theoretical generalization, statistical analysis, comparison, retrospective analysis, systematic approach, abstract-logical. Results of the research. The European model of waste management is considered; measures to prevent waste generation in Europe are analyzed; an assessment of the current state of household waste management in Ukraine; the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine is considered. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used by local authorities to prevent the generation of household waste. Conclusions. Waste prevention is the first step in dealing with waste. According to the EU Waste Directive, this can be done by: reducing the amount of waste; reducing the adverse effects of waste on the environment and human health; or by reducing the content of harmful substances in materials and products.
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Kok, Sandra, J. Shaw, P. Seto, and D. Weatherbe. "The Urban Drainage Program of Canada’s Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 3 (2000): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.022.
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Abstract Since 1990, Canada’s Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund, which is administered by Environment Canada, has been supporting the development and implementation of cleanup technologies to control municipal pollution sources, to clean up contaminated sediments, and to rehabilitate fish and wildlife habitats. These efforts are focused on Canada’s 16 Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) identified by the International Joint Commission for priority cleanup action and restoration of beneficial uses. Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) developed by federal/provincial teams and the public provide the strategy for restoring the beneficial uses of the AOCs. Impairments in beneficial uses in the AOCs have been, in part, caused by discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs), Stormwater and sewage treatment plants (STPs). To assist municipalities in addressing the problems posed by urban drainage (CSOs and Stormwater), the Cleanup Fund’s Urban Drainage Program has been supporting the development and demonstration of innovative, cost-effective technologies and approaches. These projects include high-rate treatment of CSOs, real-time control of CSOs, performance assessment of Stormwater treatment technologies, pollution prevention and control plans, and development of Stormwater management planning tools for urban areas. These projects are carried out in collaboration with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, municipalities, professional groups, universities and conservation authorities and other Environment Canada’s facilities (National Water Research Institute and Wastewater Technology Centre). The Urban Drainage Program has been instrumental in advancing the state of the art in CSO and Stormwater management in Ontario. Projects supported under the program have quantified pollutant loadings from municipal wastewater sources in several Ontario Areas of Concern, provided hard data on the performance of best management practices for Stormwater treatment, identified and evaluated new cost-effective technologies for CSO reduction and Stormwater treatment, and developed strategies and decision-making tools for Stormwater management The work done through the Urban Drainage Program is making it possible for Great Lakes communities to achieve important environmental objectives at significantly lower cost As a result, the communities should be able to achieve many of these objectives much earlier than they would have if their choices had been limited to more conventional and capital-intensive solutions. Although the program has focused on the needs of Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes basin, the lessons learned there can easily be applied to communities in other parts of the country and around the world.
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Laosirihongthong, Tritos, Premaratne Samaranayake, and Sev Nagalingam. "A holistic approach to supplier evaluation and order allocation towards sustainable procurement." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 8 (2019): 2543–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-11-2018-0360.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a holistic approach for supplier evaluation and purchasing order allocation among the ranked suppliers who meet acceptable levels of economic, environmental and social measures. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research method of case study and analytical approach is adopted in this research. A fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) is applied for ranking of suppliers. Supplier ranks are validated using judgements from multiple decision makers. Purchasing order allocation among the ranked suppliers is determined using cost minimization subject to multiple criteria of economic, environmental and social conditions. A cement manufacturing case example demonstrates and validates the proposed approach. Findings The research shows that both economic and environmental considerations are significant when suppliers are evaluated for sustainable procurement within the best practice of supply management process. Ranking of suppliers, based on experts’ opinions, indicates varying degrees of importance for each criterion. Adoption of sustainable procurement criteria for evaluating supplier in a cement manufacturing organization is explained by three organizational theories including resource-based, institutional and dynamic capabilities theories. Preferred suppliers from FAHP method are confirmed by judgements from multiple decision-makers. The analysis reveals that purchasing order allocation is different when suppliers are evaluated based on their relative importance and overall ranking. Research limitations/implications Currently, individual performance measures and decision-makers are selected from a limited set. The purchasing allocation among ranked suppliers, subjected to cost minimization, incorporates environmental objective of acceptable carbon dioxide emission and social perspective of health and safety of workers, and provides a new approach for dual supplier evaluation and purchasing allocation problem in cement industry. Adopting the proposed supplier evaluation and order allocation approach in practice needs to be guided by the operational principles and an overall methodology which is appropriate for the specific industry with sustainability objectives. Practical implications This research enables decision-makers to incorporate sustainability analysis in the supplier evaluation as the basis for best practice with an industry-friendly holistic approach. Using organizational theories, the research re-enforces the importance of not only the energy consumption and environmental management systems of environmental dimension as driving forces/factors from Institutional theory perspective, but also pollution controls and prevention as purchasing capabilities from resource-based theory perspective. The proposed approach is expected to motivate decision-makers to consider sustainable perspectives in supplier evaluation and order allocation processes in a global supply chain and can become a benchmarking tool. Social implications Suppliers’ information on health and safety of their truck drivers are used in order allocation, thus emphasizing the importance of social dimension and encouraging better conditions and benchmarking for delivery drivers. Originality/value This paper extends the contribution to the literature by providing guidelines for managers to set strategies, benchmarks and policies within broader sustainable supply chain practices and demonstrates the applicability of the approach using a cement-manufacturing scenario in an emerging economy.
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"News Briefs: Pollution prevention plans and best management practices have cost-effectively reduced storm water pollution,." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 19 (2000): 417A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es003433a.
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Goebel, Kai, and Ravi Rajamani. "Policy, Regulations and Standards in Prognostics and Health Management." International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i1.2908.
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 As the field of PHM matures, it needs to be aware of the regulations, policies, and standards that will both impose boundaries as well as provide guidance for operations. All three - regulations, policies, and standards - provide information on how to design or operate something, but with different degrees of enforceability. Policies include both public policies as well as organizational policies. Operators may be required to adhere to public policies(say, an environmental policy which provides guidance for the pollution prevention act (the latter is a US law)) whereas organisational often reflect policies that come out of strategic considerations within private organizations (such as maintenance policies). Regulations (such as aeronautics or nuclear energy) typically impose binding rules of engagement and are imposed by regulatory bodies that are responsible for a particular field. Standards, in contrast, are community-consensus guidelines that are meant to provide benefit to the community by describing best practices. Adoption of such guidelines is entirely voluntary but may provide benefits by not having to reinvent the wheel and for finding common ground amongst other adopters. Awareness of both guidelines and barriers will enable practitioners in adopting best practices within the legal constraints. This paper provides an overview of the current regulations, policies, and standards in the field of Prognostics and Health Management.
 
 
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Mounir, Zakari Mahamadou, Paul Nguema Fabrice, Keita Souleymane, and Esly Emmanuel. "Assessment of Risks Associated with Activities in Filling Stations using Kinney Method: A case Study of Communal District 5 of Niamey (ACN5) Niger Republic." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, September 24, 2021, 2457–1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i2531509.
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Filling Stations are Facilities developed for provision of Goods – Automobile Fuel, Other Petroleum Products and Services – Servicing of Automobiles, Filling Stations are vital and key to the Transport and Logistics Management Industry. Despite playing a vital developmental/Economic roles Filling Stations can unfortunately be Sources of Risks/Hazardous and Accidents to Human and the Environment.
 In Niger Republic, Filling Stations is a "fashionable" Phenomenon, that is essential to have a general establishment Master Plan, and Risk Prevention as well as Mitigation Plans.
 The objective of this Study is to assess the Risks associated with the presence and activities of Filling Station in Niamey Communal District 5 (ACN5). The Study considered compliance with Regulations on Location and Activities of Filling Stations and Risk associated with the Filling Station and their Activities using Kinney Method. The Result shows that there is no harmonious integration of these Companies into the Urban Development Plan due to lack of Compliance with certain Regulatory Provisions.
 The diagnosis highlights that the Risks of Explosion, Fire, Pollution (Water, Soil) are the most to be feared with high scores (≥300) and 6% of the Filling Stations have must cases of non-Compliance to Regulations are supposed to be suspended/banned. Adoption of best practices in Operational Risk Management, namely Identification, Assessment, Mitigation and Monitoring of Risks is to be strictly adhered to by Filling Stations Studied.
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Koch, Lars, and Nicholas A. Ashford. "Rethinking the Role of Information in Chemicals Policy: Implications for TSCA and REACH." elni Review, 2005, 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/elni.2005.015.
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This article analyzes the role of different kinds of information for minimizing or eliminating the risks due to the production, use, and disposal of chemical substances and contrasts it with present and planned (informational) regulation in the United States and the European Union, respectively. Some commentators who are disillusioned with regulatory approaches have argued that informational tools should supplant mandatory regulatory measures unflatteringly described as “command and control.” Critics of this reformist view are concerned with the lack of technology-innovation forcing that results from informational policies alone. We argue that informational tools can be made more technology inducing – and thus more oriented towards environmental innovations – than they are under current practices, with or without complementary regulatory mechanisms, although a combination of approaches may yield the best results. The conventional approach to chemicals policy envisions a sequential process that includes three steps of (1) producing or collecting risk-relevant information, (2) performing a risk assessment or characterization, followed by (3) risk management practices, often driven by regulation. We argue that such a sequential process is too static, or linear, and spends too many resources on searching for, or generating information about present hazards, in comparison to searching for, and generating information related to safer alternatives which include input substitution, final product reformulation, and/or process changes. These pollution prevention or cleaner technology approaches are generally acknowledged to be superior to pollution control. We argue that the production of risk information necessary for risk assessment, on the one hand, and the search for safer alternatives on the other hand, should be approached simultaneously in two parallel quests. Overcoming deficits in hazard-related information and knowledge about risk reduction alternatives must take place in a more synchronized manner than is currently being practiced. This parallel approach blurs the alleged bright line between risk assessment and risk management, but reflects more closely how regulatory agencies actually approach the regulation of chemicals. These theoretical considerations are interpreted in the context of existing and planned informational tools in the United States and the European Union, respectively. The current political debate in the European Union concerned with reforming chemicals policy and implementing the REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals) system is focused on improving the production and assessment of risk information with regard to existing chemicals, although it also contains some interesting risk management elements. To some extent, REACH mirrors the approach taken in the U.S. under the Toxics Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976. TSCA turned out not to be effectively implemented and provides lessons that should be relevant to REACH. In this context, we discuss the opportunities and limits of existing and planned informational tools for achieving risk reduction.