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Oláh, Bertold. "best-worst scaling használata marketingkutatásban." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 7, no. 2 (2022): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2022.2.11.
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Absztrakt. A legjobb-rosszabb skálázás (BWS) az adatgyűjtés egyik módszere és/vagy annak elmélete, hogy a válaszadók miként adják meg a lista első és legrosszabb rangsorolását. Cikkemben azt vizsgálom meg, hogy mi az a best-worst scaling (BWS), milyen területeken használják előszeretettel, illetve mi maga a módszer. Ezután rátérek a BWS metódusára, ezen belül is megvizsgálom elemét: a BWS objektum esetet (1. eset), a BWS profil esetet (2. eset) és BWS többprofil esetet (3. eset). Részletezem a BWS használatát a marketingkutatásban, ezután pedig összehasonlítom a Likert-skálás módszert és a BWS-t. Konklúzióimat cikkem végén összegzem.
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Areal, Francisco J., and Rubén Perez. "Incorporating preference uncertainty in best worst scaling." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0315705. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315705.
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In this paper, we enhance the Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) method by incorporating participants’ preference uncertainty into the conventional BWS, known as case 1. In this context, respondents are tasked with making trade-offs among a set of items of interest. Applying this novel extended BWS method to a sample of Argentinian wine consumers (n = 342), we aim to a) provide a more informative elicitation of consumers’ relative preferences for 16 wine attributes; b) identify the level of uncertainty with each of the attributes, exploring differences between the most and least important wine attributes influencing purchasing wine; and c) compare the results of the extended BWS with the standard BWS. Our findings indicate variability in uncertainty levels on the importance of wine attributes when purchasing wine within and across attributes. Moreover, accounting for participants’ preference uncertainty can alter the ranking of preferences obtained through the standard approach. This alteration is due to both accounting for preference uncertainty itself as well as the uncertainty indicator used. Although this approach is a way to mitigate biases associated with respondents’ preference certainty, it is recommended that preference uncertainty heterogeneity is investigated using different indicators.
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Rosi, Victor, Aliette Ravillion, Olivier Houix, and Patrick Susini. "Best-worst scaling, an alternative method to assess perceptual sound qualities." JASA Express Letters 2, no. 6 (2022): 064404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011752.
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When designing sound evaluation experiments, researchers rely on listening test methods, such as rating scales (RS). This work aims to investigate the suitability of best-worst scaling (BWS) for the perceptual evaluation of sound qualities. To do so, 20 participants rated the “brightness” of a corpus of instrumental sounds (N = 100) with RS and BWS methods. The results show that BWS procedure is the fastest and that RS and BWS are equivalent in terms of performance. Interestingly, participants preferred BWS over RS. Therefore, BWS is an alternative method that reliably measures perceptual sound qualities and could be used in many-sounds paradigm.
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Han, Kyung-Eun, and Kyu-Wan Choi. "The Study of Wine-Selecting Attributes using BWS Method." Journal of Tourism Enhancement 9, no. 4 (2021): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.35498/kotes.2021.9.4.291.
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Bărbulescu, Marinică, and Alexandru Cernat. "The Impact of Pictures on Best-Worst Scaling in Web Surveys." International Review of Social Research 2, no. 3 (2012): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2012-0028.
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Abstract: Motivation and burden are two of the most important aspects that influence response rates and dropouts in online surveys. As a result, we focus our analyses on how pictures and Best Worst Scaling (BWS), two solutions for each problem, interact in the Web medium. We use an experimental design that compares a BWS with pictures, the experimental group, and BWS without pictures, the control group. Results show that pictures influence measurement of BWS in six out of 16 items. We also observe that Couper's (2001) conclusion that concordant text and images have an accentuation effect while a discordant relationship between the two has an interference impact is partly true in our data. Eight out of the 16 items are at least partially influenced by the concordant/discordant variable while four fully respect this model. We conclude by discussing the impact of our findings and its limitations.
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Czine, Péter, Gergely Balogh, Bence Tibor Horváth, and László Huzsvai. "A Best–Worst Scaling preferenciaértékelő eljárás „object” esetének bemutatása." Statisztikai Szemle 100, no. 10 (2022): 923–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20311/stat2022.10.hu0923.
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A fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálatához alkalmazott eljárás megválasztása még manapság is rendkívül nehéz döntést képvisel a kutatásokban. A feltárt preferencia (SP) jellegű adatokon alapuló módszerek használatakor a kutatók elsődleges célja az, hogy minél eredményesebben tudják csökkentetni a hipotetikus kontextus okozta torzító hatást, mindemellett egyre több információhoz jussanak a felmérés résztvevőivel kapcsolatosan. A tanulmányban a nemzetközi színtéren Best–Worst Scalingként (BWS) ismertté vált preferenciaértékelő eljárás „object” esetét mutatjuk be, ami több előnyös tulajdonsággal rendelkezik más hasonló módszerekhez képest. Az első részben a BWS elméleti hátterét és kísérleti elrendezésének megvalósítási lépéseit ismertetjük, majd a szükséges adatbázis-formátumot fogjuk bemutatni. Ezt követően szimulációval előállított adatok segítségével az elemzés „számításos” megközelítésének lépéseit vezetjük végig, ábrákkal és értelmezésekkel kiegészítve, a tanulmány legvégén pedig limitált kitekintést nyújtunk a „modellezési” megközelítésre. Tanulmányunk segítségével az olvasónak lehetősége nyílik egy több területen is viszonylag könnyen alkalmazható preferenciaértékelő eljárás megismerésére és elsajátítására.
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Jennifer, Yu. "An Analysis of Key Attributes of Upcycled Food using a Best-Worst Scaling Approach." GLOBAL BUSINESS FINANCE REVIEW 28, no. 5 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2023.28.5.1.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify priorities by evaluating the significance of attributes consumers consider when selecting upcycled food.
 Design/methodology/approach: Based on a sample survey of 280 participants, a total of nine upcycled food attrib-utes were derived and a total of 12 sets were proposed. By using a Best-Worst Scaling (BWS), the relative im-portance of a set of attributes was evaluated.
 Findings: Among the nine upcycled food selection attributes derived based on previous studies, food safety was the most important attribute, followed by sensory appeal, nutritional value, origin and environmental information. In contrast, brand, cost-effectiveness, convenience and familiarity appeared to be attributes of relatively low sig-nificance in selecting upcycled food.
 Research limitations/implications: The results of the study investigated the attributes affecting consumer purchase decisions in the emerging upcycled food market strengthened strategy establishment and improvement, and proposed ways to increase competitiveness.
 Originality/value: This study has academic significance in that it identified upcycled food selection attributes based on the quantitative analysis methodology rather than common perception. It is differentiated from previous studies in that it derives preferences for purchasing determinants through BWS and presents how much more important certain attributes are than other attributes, so the size of relative importance can be quantitatively compared.
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Gallego, Gisselle, John F. P. Bridges, Terry Flynn, Barri M. Blauvelt, and Louis W. Niessen. "USING BEST-WORST SCALING IN HORIZON SCANNING FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TECHNOLOGIES." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 28, no. 3 (2012): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231200027x.
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Objectives: There is a growing need for efficient procedures for identification of emerging technologies by horizon scanning systems. We demonstrate the value of best-worst scaling (BWS) in exploring clinicians’ views on emerging technologies that will impact outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the next 5 to 10 years.Methods: Clinicians in Asia, Europe, and the United States were surveyed and their views about eleven emerging technologies relevant to HCC were explored using BWS (case 1). This involved systematically presenting respondents with subsets of five technologies and asking them to identify those that will have the most and least impact on HCC within 5 to 10 years. Statistical analysis was based on sequential best-worst and analyzed using conditional logistic regression.Results: A total of 120 clinicians uniformly distributed across ten countries completed the survey (37 percent response rate). Respondents were predominately hepatologist (41 percent) who focused on HCC (65 percent) and had national influence in this field (39 percent). Respondents viewed molecular targeted therapy (p < .001) and early detection of HCC (p < .001) as having most potential, while improved surgical techniques (p < .001) and biopsy free HCC diagnostics (p < .001) were viewed upon negatively.Conclusions: We demonstrate that BWS could be an important research tool to facilitate horizon scanning and HTA more broadly. Our research demonstrates the value of including clinicians’ preferences as a source of data in horizon scanning, but such methods could be used to incorporate the opinions of a broad array of stakeholders, including those in advocacy and public policy.
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Jeong, Gicheol. "Korean public preferences for healthcare policy priority setting using best-worst scaling." Innovation studies 17, no. 1 (2022): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46251/innos.2022.2.17.1.105.
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Pascoe, Michael, Owen Wright, and Hume Winzar. "Using best-worst scaling to reveal perceived relative importance of website attributes." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 29, no. 2 (2017): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-08-2015-0130.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and extend previous work involving branding and website performance and aesthetics by applying a best-worst scaling (BWS) approach. Respondents were tasked with choosing the best and worst from 16-brand attribute statements representing website communications and aesthetics, a more effective understanding of consumer segmentation is revealed between the offline facility to the online retail experience. Design/methodology/approach A research design utilising BWS was deployed to provide an alternate perspective of consumer choice in an omni-channel retail environment. Findings Findings indicate a bifurcated audience with one-half reliant on communication and the other half on aesthetics is most important in the online environment when generating a positive relationship towards the retail brand. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted within a single retail format category (sportswear and apparel) so future studies need to estimate cross-category implications. The authors also suggest online experimental designs for consumers to compare traditional retail brand images. Finally as this study utilised Australian responses only the authors suggest cross-cultural comparisons to better understand the universal nature of website functionality and its link with traditional retail formats. Practical implications Retail executives will find the results from this study useful in two ways. To ensure consistency of brand image across channels managers must communicate efficiently and effectively. Brand managers must mediate between customer segments with some preferring clear concise website communications and others well established aesthetics. Originality/value This study adopts a BWS approach to better understand consumer choices in an online/offline branding environment.
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Mühlbacher, Axel C., Anika Kaczynski, and Peter Zweifel. "Experimentelle Präferenzmessung im Gesundheitswesen mit Hilfe von Best-Worst Scaling (BWS)." PharmacoEconomics German Research Articles 11, no. 2 (2013): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40275-014-0012-7.
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Cantillo, Javier, Juan Carlos Martín, and Concepción Román. "A Best–Worst Measure of Attitudes toward Buying Seabream and Seabass Products: An Application to the Island of Gran Canaria." Foods 10, no. 1 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010090.
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Attitudes are important key drivers that affect consumers’ seafood consumption. The present investigation used a best–worst scaling approach to measure the level of importance and satisfaction of consumers’ attitudes towards the purchase of seabream and seabass in Gran Canaria (Spain). The investigation also compared the results of the best–worst scaling (BWS) approach with those of the traditional Likert-scale method and offers a different perspective of the results using an Importance–Satisfaction Analysis (ISA). The results indicate that the most important attributes concerned the hygiene and safety of the product, the health benefits, the freshness, the taste and the nutrients. At the same time, these attributes were ranked as those which satisfied consumers the most. However, some of the results obtained from the methodologies differed. The results suggest that, in the Likert-scale task, respondents might be overstating the importance and satisfaction of the attributes; while in the BWS, consumers were forced to evaluate a trade-off in the selection of the best and worst attributes in each scenario, so the task impeded, in principle, to define every attribute as very important and providing a high satisfaction. As a result, we consider that BWS offers more reliable and clearer results than traditional Likert-scale experiments.
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Brand, Benedikt M., and Cristopher Siegfried Kopplin. "Effective Return Prevention Measures in the Post-purchase Stage: A Best-Worst Scaling Approach." Marketing ZFP 45, no. 1 (2023): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2023-1-30.
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Within the rather nascent literature stream examining product returns, the authors identify that the vast majority of studies enlightens return avoidance measures (before ordering), whereas return averting measures (after purchasing) showed to increase customer satisfaction the most. Moreover, extant literature is characterized by methodological paucity, which prevents a more diverse view on the problem of product returns. As a result, the authors enrich the literature by conducting a Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) experiment dealing with various product averting measures (including different types of measures with different levels of immediacy). Focusing on the most frequent online shopping segment (Generation Y) and the second most frequently occurring reason for product returns (i.e., consumers did not like the product), the authors exploratively evince that monetary/utilitarian measures are preferred most and are effective, as well as funding of social and sustainability projects. However, substantial differences were detected based on consumers’ green consumption values. Apart from that, the study contributes to the BWS literature by outlining the necessity to include anchor scaling and quality assessment criteria.
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Kertész, Balázs, Klára Bíró, Péter Balogh, and Péter Czine. "Magánfinanszírozott egészségügyi szolgáltatás választását befolyásoló szempontok vizsgálata best–worst scaling módszer segítségével." Statisztikai Szemle 103, no. 1 (2025): 85–105. https://doi.org/10.20311/stat2025.1.hu0085.
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A tanulmány a magyarországi magánfinanszírozott egészségügyi szolgáltatások kiválasztását befolyásoló tényezőket vizsgálja, különösen a betegek preferenciáit illetően. Az elemzés során a best– worst scaling (BWS-) módszert alkalmaztuk, amely lehetővé teszi a szolgáltatási attribútumok fontossági sorrendjének megállapítását. A kutatást 421 valid válaszadó részvételével, kvantitatív online adatgyűjtéssel végeztük. Az eredmények szerint a legfontosabb szempontok közé tartozik a szolgáltatás ára, az egészségügyi szakemberek hozzáállása és a gyors hozzáférés a szolgáltatásokhoz. Kevésbé jelentős szempontokként értékelték a várakozási időt és a barátok ajánlásait. Az eredmények segíthetnek a jövőbeni szolgáltatásfejlesztésben, és alapul szolgálnak a mostani kutatást követő diszkrét választási kísérlet (DCE) kísérleti elrendezésének kialakításában.
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Terman, Samuel W., Hélène E. Aschmann, David W. Hutton, and James F. Burke. "Best-worst scaling preferences among patients with well-controlled epilepsy: Pilot results." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): e0282658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282658.
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Epilepsy is a common, serious condition. Fortunately, seizure risk decreases with increasing seizure-free time on antiseizure medications (ASMs). Eventually, patients may consider whether to stop ASMs, which requires weighing treatment benefit versus burden. We developed a questionnaire to quantify patient preferences relevant to ASM decision-making. Respondents rated how concerning they would finding relevant items (e.g., seizure risks, side effects, cost) on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–100) and then repeatedly chose the most and least concerning item from subsets (best-worst scaling, BWS). We pretested with neurologists, then recruited adults with epilepsy who were seizure-free at least one year. Primary outcomes were recruitment rate, and qualitative and Likert-based feedback. Secondary outcomes included VAS ratings and best-minus-worst scores. Thirty-one of 60 (52%) contacted patients completed the study. Most patients felt VAS questions were clear (28; 90%), easy to use (27; 87%), and assessed preferences well (25; 83%). Corresponding results for BWS questions were 27 (87%), 29 (97%), and 23 (77%). Physicians suggested adding a ‘warmup’ question showing a completed example and simplifying terminology. Patients suggested ways to clarify instructions. Cost, inconvenience of taking medication, and laboratory monitoring were the least concerning items. Cognitive side effects and a 50% seizure risk in the next year were the most concerning items. Twelve (39%) of patients made at least one ‘inconsistent choice’ for example ranking a higher seizure risk as lower concern compared with a lower seizure risk, though ‘inconsistent choices’ represented only 3% of all question blocks. Our recruitment rate was favorable, most patients agreed the survey was clear, and we describe areas for improvement. ‘Inconsistent’ responses may lead us to collapse seizure probability items into a single ‘seizure’ category. Evidence regarding how patients weigh benefits and harms may inform care and guideline development.
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Kim, Bona, Seongseop (Sam) Kim, Brian King, and Cindy Yoonjoung Heo. "Luxurious or economical? An identification of tourists’ preferred hotel attributes using best–worst scaling (BWS)." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 2 (2018): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718757789.
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This article explores consumer tendencies to opt for luxury or economy hotels by identifying their most and least important selection attributes. The researchers investigate how sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics influence traveler assessments of hotel attributes. In explaining consumer hotel selection preferences, the researchers used an unconditional method—best–worst scaling (BWS). Based on an analysis of responses from 397 luxury hotel customers and 351 economy hotel customers in the United States, it was found that the two groups perceive hotel attributes differently. Differentials were also identified on the basis of gender, income, and frequency of purchase. While acknowledging that the task is complex, there is an urgent need to identify the factors influencing hotel selection, because hoteliers need to attract new markets and also balance this by retaining existing patrons. The findings extend existing literature by applying BWS to the identification of hotel selection attributes.
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Kim, H.-Y., C. F. Hanrahan, D. W. Dowdy, N. A. Martinson, J. E. Golub, and J. F. P. Bridges. "Priorities among HIV-positive individuals for tuberculosis preventive therapies." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 4 (2020): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0740.
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BACKGROUND: There has been slow uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among people living with HIV (PLWH).METHODS: We surveyed adults recently diagnosed with HIV in 14 South African primary health clinics. Based on the literature and qualitative interviews, sixteen potential barriers and facilitators related to preventive therapy among PLWH were selected. Best-worst scaling (BWS) was used to quantify the relative importance of the attributes. BWS scores were calculated based on the frequency of participants' selecting each attribute as the best or worst among six options (across multiple choice sets) and rescaled from 0 (always selected as worst) to 100 (always selected as best) and compared by currently receiving IPT or not.RESULTS: Among 342 patients surveyed, 33% (n = 114) were currently taking IPT. Having the same standard of life as someone without HIV was most highly prioritized (BWS score = 67.3, SE = 0.6), followed by trust in healthcare providers (score, 66.3 ± 0.6). Poor standard of care in public clinics (score, 30.6 ± 0.6) and side effects of medications (score, 33.7 ± 0.6) were least prioritized. BWS scores differed by IPT status for few attributes, but overall ranking was similar (spearman's rho = 0.9).CONCLUSION: Perceived benefits of preventive therapy were high among PLWH. IPT prescription by healthcare providers should be encouraged to enhance IPT uptake among PLWH.
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Sun, Tao, Hanlin Chen, Yuan Gao, et al. "Best-Worst Scaling Survey of Inpatients’ Preferences in Medical Decision-Making Participation in China." Healthcare 11, no. 3 (2023): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030323.
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This study assesses inpatients’ preferences for participating in medical decision-making and determines the factors’ rankings in order of importance and whether they vary for respondents with different characteristics. Case 1 best-worst scaling (BWS) was used for the study design. Thirteen attributes influencing inpatient medical decision-making participation were identified based on a literature review and interview results. A balanced incomplete block design was used to form choice sets for the BWS questionnaire for a cross-sectional study examining inpatients’ preferences for participating in medical decision-making. Based on results from 814 inpatient participants, the three most important factors influencing inpatients’ medical decision-making participation were inpatients’ trust in physicians, physicians’ professional expertise, and physicians’ attitudes. The mixed logit model results reflect the significant heterogeneity in respondents’ preferences for shared decision-making. To facilitate resource allocation, improve the physician-patient relationship, and encourage patient decision-making participation more actively and effectively, decision-makers should emphasize patients’ trust, enhance physicians’ ability to diagnose and treat diseases, and improve their attitudes toward providing care and communication from the perspectives of patients, physicians, and the social environment. Further research is needed on the heterogeneity of patients’ preferences for participating in medical decision-making and how to improve patient participation.
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Del Chiappa, Giacomo, Juan Carlos Martin, and Concepción Román. "Developing wine tourism experiences. A discrete choice analysis using best-worst scaling data." Wine Economics and Policy 11, no. 1 (2022): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-9946.
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The aim of this research is to aid winery managers in bundling a plethora of different service features to meet the wine tourists’ expectations. A discrete choice model using best-worst scaling (BWS) data is estimated to obtain the relative importance of the attributes included in the analysis. Findings show that the most important aspects that make wineries attractive are: to offer wine tastings and “tour & visits”, to provide visitors with wine specialists/tour guides and, finally, to make the surrounding area and natural environment as pleasant as possible. Furthermore, the study highlights that wine tourists’ preferences are heterogeneous.
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Sparacino, Antonina, Selene Ollani, Lorenzo Baima, et al. "Analyzing Strawberry Preferences: Best–Worst Scaling Methodology and Purchase Styles." Foods 13, no. 10 (2024): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13101474.
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This research has investigated Italian consumers’ preferences for and purchasing behaviors of strawberries utilizing the Best–Worst Scaling methodology (BWS). This approach enables the key factors that influence strawberry purchasing decisions to be identified and different choice groups to be characterized. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted on a sample of 496 respondents living in the metropolitan area of Milan (North Italy). The declared preferences of the individuals for 12 strawberry characteristics, divided into intrinsic, extrinsic, and credence attributes, were first measured. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was then performed to identify different clusters of consumers according to the individuals’ preferences. Subsequently, the heterogeneity of the clusters was tested, using the Chi-square test, and sociodemographic characteristics and purchasing habits were considered. The results suggest that the most important attribute in the choice of strawberries was appearance, highlighting the importance of preserving it throughout the supply chain, followed by one of the increasingly important aspects of diets, which is health benefits. The attribute considered the least important was the brand. This study demonstrates, from a holistic point of view, that sociodemographic characteristics, food habits, and perceptions of different strawberry attributes influence consumers’ preferences and behaviors. Practical implications suggest a new prospective for communication marketing strategies for producers, creating a better brand identity and highlighting in their marketing all of the aspects that consumers would like to know about the fruits they choose as quality certifications.
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Koob, Clemens. "Consumers’ Preferences for Digital Corporate Content on Company Websites: A Best–Worst Scaling Analysis." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, no. 3 (2023): 1301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18030066.
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Digital content marketing (DCM) complements traditional marketing communication approaches and is a major focus of research. Uses and gratifications research posits that DCM only unfolds positive effects if it provides valuable content to consumers. However, there is limited evidence on what constitutes gratifying digital corporate content on company websites. This study aimed to elicit consumers’ preferences for key characteristics of digital corporate content on company websites and whether preferences differ among consumer subgroups. Best–worst scaling (BWS) was used to reveal preferences. To obtain BWS data, a cross-sectional survey was employed. The study sample comprised 1527 consumers from Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Data were analyzed using counting analysis and conditional logit modeling. Subgroup comparisons were performed with t-tests and one-way ANOVA. The results consistently show that consumers prioritize information value as the most important content characteristic, followed by value in use, entertainment value, process value, and social value. Subgroup comparisons revealed generally similar priorities among consumers, with the greatest heterogeneity being found in assessments of the importance of social value. The study also suggests that consumers prioritize digital corporate content characteristics on company websites differently than they do on social media. These findings contribute to the evolving literature on DCM and provide insights that could help set evidence-based priorities in DCM practice.
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Nakano, Makiko, and Takahiro Tsuge. "Assessing the Heterogeneity of Consumers’ Preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility Using the Best–Worst Scaling Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (2019): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102995.
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The promotion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is important for achieving sustainability. The interest of stakeholders is one factor promoting CSR activities. Consumers are one of the major stakeholders. The aim of this study is to quantify Japanese consumers’ preference for 13 CSR activities using the best–worst scaling (BWS) approach. We conducted an online survey in February 2015 and 633 individuals responded. Counting analysis and econometric analysis were used to analyze the BWS data. The results of the counting and MaxDiff analyses show that “Product safety and immediate recall in the case of defects” was identified as the most highly evaluated activity that makes respondents most strongly think that they want to buy a product from a company implementing the CSR activity. The results of the random parameter logit model and latent class model show preference heterogeneity. Some classes prioritize activities that do not generate a private benefit for them, such as environmental issues abroad and the working conditions of employees.
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Chih, Siong Wong. "Student-Centred Studio Environments: A Deep Dive into Architecture Students' Needs." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 06, no. 03 (2023): 1913–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712947.
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<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>Architectural education has long placed a strong emphasis on the studio, which serves as a crucial place for teaching and learning. The architecture studio is a dynamic and lively place where students can engage in design discussions, exchange ideas, and receive feedback from instructors and peers. Despite recognising the vital role architecture studios play in shaping the learning experience of architecture students, limited research has explored which specific attributes of the studio environment are most important to students. This research aims to address this gap by determining the priorities of architecture students regarding key studio attributes. The research employs a quantitative approach using the Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) model and a questionnaire survey. A pilot study was conducted with undergraduate architecture students. The results reveal the ranking and relative importance of key studio attributes, organised into five categories: Physiological Facilities, Information and Communications Technology, Indoor Environment Quality, Territoriality, Furniture, and Reference. This research provides a valuable reference for designing student-centred studio environments and demonstrates the viability of using the BWS method to determine students’ priorities for studio attributes.
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Yeh, Ching-Hua, Monika Hartmann, and Nina Langen. "The Role of Trust in Explaining Food Choice: Combining Choice Experiment and Attribute Best–Worst Scaling." Foods 9, no. 1 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010045.
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This paper presents empirical findings from a combination of two elicitation techniques—discrete choice experiment (DCE) and best–worst scaling (BWS)—to provide information about the role of consumers’ trust in food choice decisions in the case of credence attributes. The analysis was based on a sample of 459 Taiwanese consumers and focuses on red sweet peppers. DCE data were examined using latent class analysis to investigate the importance and the utility different consumer segments attach to the production method, country of origin, and chemical residue testing. The relevance of attitudinal and trust-based items was identified by BWS using a hierarchical Bayesian mixed logit model and was aggregated to five latent components by means of principal component analysis. Applying a multinomial logit model, participants’ latent class membership (obtained from DCE data) was regressed on the identified attitudinal and trust components, as well as demographic information. Results of the DCE latent class analysis for the product attributes show that four segments may be distinguished. Linking the DCE with the attitudinal dimensions reveals that consumers’ attitude and trust significantly explain class membership and therefore, consumers’ preferences for different credence attributes. Based on our results, we derive recommendations for industry and policy.
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Jin, Shaosheng, Rao Yuan, Yan Zhang, and Xin Jin. "Chinese Consumers’ Preferences for Attributes of Fresh Milk: A Best–Worst Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (2019): 4286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214286.
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Fresh milk represents a major type of dairy product in China, while it remains at a low level in terms of consumption. Consumers’ preferences are a crucial factor determining consumers’ attitudes and behavior towards fresh milk consumption. However, little is known about what drives consumers’ preferences for fresh milk. This study intends to fill this gap based on a survey with a sample of 1248 respondents in ten cities in China. The best–worst scaling (BWS) method was employed to measure the importance of different attributes that consumers consider when selecting fresh milk. The BWS result indicates that safety certification, shelf-life, and nutrition were ranked as the most important attributes of fresh milk, whereas origin, purchasing location, and package were found to be the least preferred attributes. Furthermore, the study also explored heterogeneities by dividing all samples into a developed area and a less developed area, and a latent class model (LCM) was then applied to classify consumers based on their preferences and demographics in these two areas, respectively. In developed areas, consumers were divided into “Safety First” and “Taste Sensitive”, and Gender and Age were significant determinants of class membership. In less developed areas, consumers were classified as “Quality Sensitive” and “Brand Sensitive”, while Education, Pregnancy, and Health condition were significant determinants of class membership. The findings might be useful for the government in terms of encouraging dairy companies to implement safety management certification, and suggest that companies should design differentiated strategies in different areas.
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Massaglia, Stefano, Danielle Borra, Cristiana Peano, Francesco Sottile, and Valentina Merlino. "Consumer Preference Heterogeneity Evaluation in Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Decisions Using the Best–Worst Approach." Foods 8, no. 7 (2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070266.
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This study assesses consumer preferences during fruit and vegetable (FV) sales, considering the sociodemographic variables of individuals together with their choice of point of purchase. A choice experiment was conducted in two metropolitan areas in Northwest Italy. A total of 1170 consumers were interviewed at different FV purchase points (mass retail chains and open-air markets) using a paper questionnaire. The relative importance assigned by consumers to 12 fruit and vegetable product attributes, including both intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues, was assessed by using the best–worst scaling (BWS) methodology. The BWS results showed that “origin”, “seasonality”, and “freshness” were the most preferred attributes that Italian consumers took into account for purchases, while no importance was given to “organic certification”, “variety”, or “brand”. Additionally, a latent class analysis was employed to divide the total sample into five different clusters of consumers, characterized by the same preferences related to FV attributes. Each group of individuals is described on the basis of sociodemographic variables and by the declared fruit and vegetable point of purchase. This research demonstrates that age, average annual income, and families with children are all discriminating factors that influence consumer preference and behavior, in addition to affecting which point of purchase the consumer prefers to acquire FV products from.
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MAKAREMI-SHARIFI, Mohsen, and Amir Abbas RASSAFI. "THE PREFERENCES OF CHOOSING TAXI-HAILING MODE ATTRIBUTES THROUGH THE BWS-CASE 1." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 122 (March 1, 2024): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2024.122.11.
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With the widespread use of the Internet in everyday life, new businesses have emerged, causing significant changes in the market, while some traditional businesses were marginalized. One of the emerging businesses is taxi-hailing, which has gained popularity among the public. This study examines ten attributes of taxi-hailing and asks individuals about their preferences for these attributes through a questionnaire. Unlike the traditional approach of dealing with discrete choice models, which focuses on choosing the best (most important) alternative only, the role of the worst (least important) alternative is also considered in this type of modelling. The present study utilizes case 1 (out of the three available cases) of this scaling method, called “best-worst”, which focuses on attributes. Each questionnaire includes 12 questions about taxi-hailing attributes, where respondents have to state their preference in selecting the best and the worst ones. The results indicate that security and reassurance are the most crucial attributes when deciding this transportation mode, followed by accessibility. Compliance with health issues and social distancing ranked as the least significant attribute.
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Rankin, Linda, Christopher John Fowler, Britt-Marie Stålnacke, and Gisselle Gallego. "What influences chronic pain management? A best–worst scaling experiment with final year medical students and general practitioners." British Journal of Pain 13, no. 4 (2019): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049463719832331.
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Background: Chronic pain education is an essential determinant for optimal chronic pain management. Given that attitudes and preferences are involved in making treatment decisions, identifying which factors are most influential to final year medical students’ and general practitioners’ (GPs) chronic pain management choices is of importance. This study investigates Swedish and Australian students’ preferences with respect to a chronic pain condition, using a best–worst scaling (BWS) experiment, which is designed to rank alternatives. Methods: BWS, a stated-preference method grounded in random utility theory, was used to explore the importance of factors influencing chronic pain management. Results: All three cohorts considered the patients’ pain description and previous treatment experience as the most important factors in making treatment decisions, whereas their demographics and voices or facial expressions while describing their pain were considered least important. Factors such as social support, patient preferences and treatment adherence were, however, disregarded by all cohorts in favour of pain assessment factors such as pain ratings, description and history. Swedish medical students and GPs show very high correlation in their choices, although the GPs consider their professional experience as more important compared to the students. Conclusion: This study suggests that the relative importance of treatment factors is cemented early and thus underline the critical importance of improving pain curricula during undergraduate medical education.
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Bartłomowicz, Tomasz. "Measurement of music streamers’ preferences using best-worst scaling and conjoint analysis methods." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2025, no. 218 (2025): 39–67. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2025.218.2.
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Purpose: The main aim of the research was to measure the music streamers’ preferences using Best-Worst Scaling and conjoint analysis methods. The additional purpose is to compare the results obtained from both used methods, which should get similar conclusions. Finally, the cooperation of the support.BWS3 and conjoint R packages as the one common tool for measurement of stated preferences was also examined. Design/methodology/approach: Multi-profile Best-Worst Scaling method uses a modeling approach based on the conditional logit model, whereas traditional conjoint analysis method applies a linear regression model. Therefore, comparing the results of both methods was even more interesting. Findings: In the paper, the results of measurement and analysis of music streamers’ preferences were presented, calculations from different preference models were confronted and the correct use of R packages in the form of completed scripts was demonstrated. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of one used method were compensated by the second one. The cooperation of both methods and used R packages was not only confirmed but also led to complete the research results. Practical implications: The research results, as well as the combined use of some R packages may interest practitioners, researchers and students in the fields of marketing research, in the area of measurement of consumers’ preferences. Streaming companies, manufacturers of playback equipment, artist and record labels as well as marketers should be interested in the research results. Social implications: One of the used packages – authoring conjoint R package implements the traditional conjoint analysis method similarly to the module Conjoint IBM SPSS program. The statistics (over a half million of downloads) indicate that the non-commercial conjoint package is popular among R users. Originality/value: In addition to the benefits in form of conclusions drawn from the research, the paper presents one more example confirming results of both used methods. There are no similar studies confirming the results of multi-profile Best-Worst Scaling (Case 3 BWS) and traditional conjoint analysis methods based on measurement of music streamers’ preferences. Keywords: stated consumers’ preferences, Best-Worst Scaling, conjoint analysis, R program. Category of the paper: research paper. JEL Classification: C6, C8, D1.
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Nguyen, Lien, Hanna Jokimäki, Ismo Linnosmaa, et al. "Do You Prefer Safety to Social Participation? Finnish Population-Based Preference Weights for the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT) for Service Users." MDM Policy & Practice 6, no. 2 (2021): 238146832110279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23814683211027902.
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Introduction. The Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT) was developed in England to measure people’s social care–related quality of life (SCRQoL). Objectives. The aim of this article is to estimate preference weights for the Finnish ASCOT for service users (ASCOT). In addition, we tested for learning and fatigue effects in the choice experiment used to elicit the preference weights. Methods. The analysis data ( n = 1000 individuals) were obtained from an online survey sample of the Finnish adult general population using gender, age, and region as quotas. The questionnaire included a best-worst scaling (BWS) experiment using ASCOT. Each respondent sequentially selected four alternatives (best, worst; second-best, second-worst) for eight BWS tasks ( n = 32,000 choice observations). A scale multinomial logit model was used to estimate the preference parameters and to test for fatigue and learning. Results. The most and least preferred attribute-levels were “I have as much control over my daily life as I want” and “I have no control over my daily life.” The preference weights were not on a cardinal scale. The ordering effect was related to the second-best choices. Learning effect was in the last four tasks. Conclusions. This study has developed a set of preference weights for the ASCOT instrument in Finland, which can be used for investigating outcomes of social care interventions on adult populations. The learning effect calls for the development of study designs that reduce possible bias relating to preference uncertainty at the beginning of sequential BWS tasks. It also supports the adaptation of a modelling strategy in which the sequence of tasks is explicitly modelled as a scale factor.
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Dams, Judith, Elisabeth Huynh, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Margrit Löbner, Christian Brettschneider, and Hans-Helmut König. "German tariffs for the ICECAP-Supportive Care Measure (ICECAP-SCM) for use in economic evaluations at the end of life." European Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 3 (2021): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01260-2.
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Abstract Objectives Economic evaluations often use preference-based value sets (tariffs) for health-related quality of life to quantify health effects. For wellbeing at the end of life, issues beyond health-related quality of life may be important. Therefore, the ICECAP Supportive Care Measure (ICECAP-SCM), based on the capability approach, was developed. A validated German ICECAP-SCM version was published recently. However, tariffs for the German ICECAP-SCM are not available. Therefore, the aim was to determine tariffs for the ICECAP-SCM based on preferences of the German general population. Methods An online sample of 2996 participants completed a best–worst scaling (BWS) and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). BWSs required participants to choose the best and worst statement within the same capability state, whereas DCEs required participants to trade-off between two capability states. First, BWS and DCE data were analyzed separately. Subsequently, combined data were analyzed using scale-adjusted conditional logit latent class models. Models were selected based on the stability of solutions and the Bayesian information criterion. Results The two latent class model was identified to be optimal for the BWS, DCE, and combined data, and was used to derive tariffs for the ICECAP-SCM capability states. BWS data captured differences in ICECAP-SCM scale levels, whereas DCE data additionally explained interactions between the seven ICECAP-SCM attributes. Discussion The German ICECAP-SCM tariffs can be used in addition to health-related quality of life to quantify effectiveness in economic evaluations. The tariffs based on BWS data were similar for Germany and the UK, whereas the tariffs based on combined data varied. We would recommend to use tariffs based on combined data in German evaluations. However, only results on BWS data are comparable between Germany and the UK, so that tariffs based on BWS data should be used when comparing results between Germany and the UK.
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Mühlbacher, Axel Christian, and Anika Kaczynski. "The Impact of Gastrointestinal Symptoms on Patients’ Well-Being: Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) to Prioritize Symptoms of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (2021): 11715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111715.
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Background: The gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS) is used in a standardized form to ascertain dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia in clinical practice. As a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment, the change in the summed total point value is used. The total score ranges from 0 to 40 points, in which a higher score represents a more serious manifestation of the disease. Each symptom is included with equal importance in the overall evaluation. The objective of this study was to test this assumption from a patients’ perspective. Our aim was to measure the priorities of patients for the ten gastrointestinal symptoms by using best–worst scaling. Method: A best–worst scaling (BWS) object scaling (Case 1) was applied. Therefore, the symptoms of the GIS were included in a questionnaire using a fractional factorial design (BIBD—balanced incomplete block design). In each choice set, the patients selected the component that had the most and the least impact on their well-being. The BIB design generated a total of 15 choice sets, which each included four attributes. Results: In this study, 1096 affected patients were asked for their priorities regarding a treatment of functional dyspepsia and motility disorder. Based on the data analysis, the symptoms abdominal cramps (SQRT (B/W): −1.27), vomiting (SQRT (B/W): −1.07) and epigastric pain (SQRT (B/W): −0.76) were most important and thus have the greatest influence on the well-being of patients with functional dyspepsia and motility disorders. In the middle range are the symptoms nausea (SQRT (B/W): −0.69), acid reflux/indigestion (SQRT (B/W): −0.29), sickness (SQRT (B/W): −0.26) and retrosternal discomfort (SQRT (B/W): 0.26), whereas the symptoms causing the least impact are the feeling of fullness (SQRT (B/W): 0.80), early satiety (SQRT (B/W): 1.54) and loss of appetite (SQRT(B/W): 1.95). Discussion: Unlike the underlying assumption of the GIS, the BWS indicated that patients did not weight the 10 symptoms equally. The results of the survey show that the three symptoms of vomiting, abdominal cramps and epigastric pain are weighted considerably higher than symptoms such as early satiety, loss of appetite and the feeling of fullness. The evaluation of the BWS data has illustrated, however, that the restrictive assumption of GIS does not reflect the reality of dyspeptic patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, a preference-based GIS is necessary to make valid information about the real burden of illness and to improve the burden of symptoms in the indication of gastrointestinal conditions. The findings of the BWS demonstrate that the common GIS is not applicable to represent the real burden of disease. The results suggest the potential modification of the established GIS by future research using a stated preference study.
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CROSS, P., D. RIGBY, and G. EDWARDS-JONES. "Eliciting expert opinion on the effectiveness and practicality of interventions in the farm and rural environment to reduce human exposure to Escherichia coli O157." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 4 (2011): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001257.
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SUMMARYFew hard data are available on emergent diseases. However, the need to mitigate and manage emergent diseases has prompted the use of various expert consultation and opinion elicitation methods. We adapted best-worst scaling (BWS) to elicit experts' assessment of the relative practicality and effectiveness of measures to reduce human exposure to E. coli O157. Cattle vaccination was considered the most effective and hand-washing was considered the most practical measure. BWS proved a powerful tool for expert elicitation as it breaks down a cognitively burdensome process into simple, repeated, tasks. In addition, statistical analysis of the resulting data provides a scaled set of scores for the measures, rather than just a ranking. The use of two criteria (practicality and effectiveness) within the BWS process allows the identification of subsets of measures judged as potentially performing well on both criteria, and conversely those judged to be neither effective nor practical.
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Lipovetsky, Stan. "MaxDiff Choice Probability Estimations on Aggregate and Individual Level." International Journal of Business Analytics 5, no. 1 (2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2018010104.
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This paper considers methods of estimation of choice probability using Maximum Difference (MaxDiff) technique, also known as Best-Worst Scaling (BWS). The paper shows that on the aggregate level the choice probabilities can be obtained using analytical closed-form solution and other approaches such as Thurstone scaling, Bradley-Terry maximum likelihood, and Markov modeling via Chapman-Kolmogorov equations for steady-states probabilities. On the individual level, to account for the exact combinations presented in each task, the Cox hazard model is employed, as well as new approaches of least squares objective for maximum difference, and maximum likelihood in order statistics. The results are useful in the practical MaxDiff applications for items prioritization in marketing research.
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Mohapatra, Sushmita, Kei-Long Cheung, Mickaël Hiligsmann, and Nana Anokye. "Most Important Factors for Deciding Rehabilitation Provision for Severe Stroke Survivors Post Hospital Discharge: A Study Protocol for a Best–Worst Scaling Experiment." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 2 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4020027.
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Efficient decision-making is crucial to ensure adequate rehabilitation with optimal use of healthcare resources. Establishing the factors associated with making decisions concerning rehabilitation provision is important to guide clinical staff towards person-centred decisions for rehabilitation after severe stroke. In this study we conduct a best–worst scaling (BWS) experiment to identify the most important factors and their relative weight of importance for deciding the type of ongoing rehabilitation services a person with severe stroke might receive post hospital discharge. Fractional, efficient designs are applied regarding the survey design. Key multidisciplinary staff regularly involved in making decisions for rehabilitation in a stroke unit will be recruited to participate in an online BWS survey. Hierarchical Bayes estimation will be used as the main analysis method, with the best–worst count analysis as a secondary analysis. The survey is currently being piloted prior to commencing the process of data collection. Results are expected by the end of September 2021. The research will add to the current literature on clinical decision-making in stroke rehabilitation. Findings will quantify the preferences of factors among key multi-disciplinary clinicians working in stroke units in the UK, involved in decision-making concerning rehabilitation after stroke.
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Richardson, Daniel R., Carl J. Mhina, Matthew F. Washko, et al. "Assessing the validity and feasibility of using a best-worst scaling measure for values elicitation among older adults with newly-diagnosed blood cancers to inform treatment decisions." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (2023): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.344.
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344 Background: Multiple stakeholders have called for the development of tools to facilitate values elicitation with patients to inform treatment decision making about chemotherapy. We previously developed a best-worst scaling (BWS) measure, a theory-driven values elicitation tool, for older adults (≥ 60 years) with blood cancers through patient and expert engagement. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and validity of using this measure to inform initial treatment decisions for newly-diagnosed patients. Methods: We completed a convergent mixed-methods study to test feasibility and validity of remote delivery of the measure following guidance for choice experiments (Janssen, Exp Rev Pharm Out Res, 2017). Convergent validity was evaluated by comparing preferences with a ranking exercise. Content validity was tested in cognitive interviews. Results: 178 patients at a public safety net hospital were eligible, 157 (88%) were approached, and 48 (31%) consented (48% lymphoma, 40% leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, 12% other). Mean age was 73.9 years (range 60 - 95). 59% were male; 96% were white; 67% had a bachelor’s degree or higher. 52% completed the BWS measure prior to their initial treatment visit. Patients agreed or strongly agreed that the instrument was understandable (96%), relevant to them (58%), and showed their real preferences (75%). 50% felt it was easy to answer. 54% of responses from the BWS measure were concordant with ranking on their top priority. Cognitive interviews (n=7) demonstrated content validity: all patients were able to accurately describe the instructions of the BWS instrument and correctly define each included outcome; most patients reported that the BWS instrument helped solidify their preferences; all patients reported it was beneficial; no patients reported missing domains of outcomes; all reported that the time and emotional burden to complete the measure were appropriate. Conclusions: Using this BWS measure to inform treatment decisions of older adults with newly-diagnosed blood cancers is feasible and appears valid for clinical use. Future work is needed to optimize implementation and validate the measure in different settings and with a larger and more diverse population.
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Erfanyukova, Anna, Tereza Klementova, Barbora Maskova, and Gleb Donin. "QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR MEASURING PATIENT PREFERENCES: PILOT STUDY FOR PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER." Lékař a technika - Clinician and Technology 54, no. 4 (2025): 119–27. https://doi.org/10.14311/ctj.2024.4.02.
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This pilot study examines patient preferences in patients with localized prostate cancer using quantitative methods for measuring Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) and Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) type 3. The study focuses on key attributes that may influence patients' treatment decisions. Patients chose one of two or three hypothetical treatment scenarios based on key attributes: risk of erectile dysfunction; urinary incontinence; other side effects; transport to hospital and return to normal activities. Additionally, patients evaluated both methods in terms of difficulty and satisfaction using a Likert scale. Results show that the most important attribute for patients with localized prostate cancer is the risk of erectile dysfunction (36.0%, 29.8%), followed by the risk of urinary incontinence (24.9%, 23.0%). In both attributes, patients wanted to avoid the worst levels and vice versa. The results of preferred attributes did not differ between methods. Patients found the Discrete Choice Experiment method less difficult and were more satisfied with it. This research suggests that quantitative approaches, such as DCE and BWS, can be valuable tools for better understanding patient preferences and integrating them into personalized treatment decision-making.
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Cho, Eunhye, Youngran Yang, Hyun Kyung Kim, and Hye Young Kim. "Priorities of Family Caregivers in Preserving Functional Abilities of Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Living at Home: A Best-Worst Scaling Approach." Research in Community and Public Health Nursing 35 (June 28, 2024): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00556.
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Purpose: The decline in cognitive abilities among individuals with Alzheimer’s disease significantly impacts their Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), creating challenges and stress for their caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the priorities of family caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with Alzheimer's disease concerning the preservation of their loved ones' ADLs. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional design with a best-worst scaling approach (BWS), and developed a BWS questionnaire utilizing the 10 daily living items from the Disability Assessment for Alzheimer’s Disease scale. This questionnaire was administered to 132 caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS WIN 21.0 and the R statistical program. Results: The results revealed that "using the toilet without accidents" emerged as the top-ranked ADL that family caregivers preferred to preserve for the longest duration among individuals with Alzheimer's disease living at home. In contrast, "Managing money appropriately" was identified as a daily living activity considered relatively less critical to preserve. The study further indicated a preference among caregivers for preserving physical ADLs over instrumental ADLs. Conclusion: This research provides clinical evidence shedding light on the priorities of family caregivers in preserving the functional abilities of individuals with Alzheimer's disease within the community.
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Oluoch, Sydney, Pankaj Lal, Andres Susaeta, Meghann Smith, and Bernabas Wolde. "Consumer Preferences for Wood-Pellet-Based Green Pricing Programs in the Eastern United States." Energies 17, no. 8 (2024): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081821.
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Co-firing wood pellets with coal is an attractive alternative energy generation method with economic, social, and environmental benefits for the US energy generation sector. One way to sustainably use wood pellets for co-firing is to create consumer-supported green pricing programs (GPPs). Our study surveyed residents of five states (Alabama, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia) to investigate preferences for the attributes of a hypothetical GPP. The study applied the Best Worst Choice method, which employs the Best Worst Scaling (BWS) and binary choice (BC) task. The BWS analysis showed that residents of all five states most value the flexibility of contracts, the location of energy generation, and the reduction of carbon emissions as attributes of GPPs. The BC analysis, however, showed that residents are willing to pay a premium for length of contract, followed by reduction of carbon emissions and variability of payments. This study shows that the adoption of optimal GPP attributes can create real customer value. The success of GPPs will depend on increasing enrollment and public support; hence, the next step will be to increase awareness levels and green consciousness through sensitization in the form of public education exercises and media campaigns. Such measures will serve to inform and educate residents on the benefits of GPPs and lessen the gap between intrinsic value and willingness to pay for select attributes.
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Richardson, Daniel R., Carl J. Mhina, Matthew Washko, et al. "Treatment Outcome Priorities of Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed Blood Cancers Elicited with Best-Worst Scaling." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-182076.
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Background: A clear understanding of patients' preferred treatment outcomes is necessary to guide treatment decision-making. In this study, we sought to quantify the treatment outcome priorities of older adults (≥ 60 years old) newly diagnosed with hematologic malignancies and to describe individual patient's willingness to tolerate specific treatment-related benefit-risk tradeoffs. Methods: We developed a values elicitation measure using best-worst (BW) scaling and direct elicitation through a community-centered approach engaging diverse stakeholders. The measure includes 7 treatment priorities: Living longer, Maintaining day-to-day activities, Avoiding becoming more dependent on others, Avoiding hospitalizations/Increasing time at home, Avoiding long-term side effects, Avoiding short-term side effects, and Avoiding high financial costs. Patients complete repeated choice tasks choosing the most and least important treatment priority among repeated subsets using a balanced-incomplete block design. Direct elicitation was used to determine specific benefit-risk tradeoff preferences. Recruitment occurred at a public safety-net hospital following pathologic diagnosis. Patients completed the measure prior to the initial treatment decision and longitudinally each month. Data from the BW scaling measure were analyzed using the count method (best minus worst) and standardized. Results: In total, 48 patients consented (48% lymphoma, 40% leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, 12% other). Mean age was 74 years (range 60 - 95); 59% were male; 96% were white; 67% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Fifty-two percent (n=25) fully completed the BWS instrument at least once. The ranked importance of priorities for the entire cohort was 1) Maintaining day-to-day activities (standardized best minus worst, 23.8), 2) Living longer (12.4), 3) Avoiding becoming more dependent on others (7.9), 4) Avoiding hospitalizations/Increasing time at home (2.2), 5) Avoiding long-term side effects (-5.2), 6) Avoiding short-term side effects (-19.5), and 7) Avoiding high financial costs (-21.5). The most important outcomes (including ties) for individual patients were Maintaining day-to-day activities (40% of patients), Living longer (40%), and Avoiding becoming dependent on others (20%), while the least important outcomes were Avoiding high financial costs (52%), Avoiding short term side-effects (32%), and Living longer (20%). Thirteen (52%) patients completed subsequent BWS surveys; 69% changed their most important outcome at least once. Direct elicitation demonstrated that patients were willing to accept additional hospital stays of 1 week (88%), 1 month (58%), and 3 months (25%) in exchange for an additional 6 months of life. Only 25% of patients indicated willingness to require a full-time caregiver in exchange for an additional 2 years of life, whereas patients were more willing to accept a part-time caregiver in exchange for an additional 1 month (38%) or 6 months (79%) of life. Some patients were unwilling to accept an additional 6 months of life if it meant requiring assistance dressing (33%) or bathing (54%). In exchange for an additional 6 months of life, patients were willing to spend $250 (83%), $500 (58%), or $1000 (42%) per month. Conclusions: Older adults with newly diagnosed blood cancers differed when prioritizing treatment outcomes. Maintaining function was highly valued and was frequently more important than prolonging survival. Some patients felt prolonging survival was least important. Many patients changed their treatment priorities over time. These results highlight the need to elicit treatment outcome priorities at the time of each significant treatment decision for older adults. Further, they suggest that endpoints other than overall survival should be considered for clinical trials in this population as prolonging survival may not be prioritized by most patients. This study also demonstrated that a combination of BW scaling and direct elicitation was able to quantify patients' treatment outcome priorities and benefit-risk tradeoff preferences, highlighting the potential for the development of similar values elicitation measures to be used to inform specific treatment decisions in various clinical contexts.
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Fucile Franceschini, Caterina, Elisa Giampietri, and Eugenio Pomarici. "What Defines the Perfect Wine Tourism Experience? Evidence from a Best–Worst Approach." Agriculture 15, no. 8 (2025): 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15080876.
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This paper investigates wine tourists’ preferences for the attributes of the wine tourism experience (WTEXP) in Italy and Turkey, exploring cross-cultural differences and similarities in two countries with diverse wine tourism development. Data were collected through an online survey of 253 wine consumers, and the Best–Worst Scaling method was employed in both countries to assess the perceived importance of selected WTEXP attributes that influence tourists’ choices. The samples were then segmented using cluster analysis based on key attitudinal scales (e.g., wine involvement), with BWS applied to each segment to further examine visitor preferences. The results show that both Italian and Turkish wine tourists prioritized expert-led tours but differed in other preferences. Italian tourists valued the winery’s aesthetic appeal, while Turkish tourists favored pre-visit informative sessions. Additionally, Italians placed less importance on accompanying events, while Turks considered the reputation of the wine, winery, or wine region the least significant factor. These preferences also varied within the clusters identified in each sample. This research represents the first comparison of consumer preferences in wine tourism between Turkey, a developing market, and Italy, a traditional Old World wine producer, while considering the diversity within each group. The findings provide key insights for wine tourism stakeholders, such as wineries and tourism managers, offering actionable recommendations to tailor their offerings for specific tourist segments to attract a larger number of wine tourists, enhance their experience, and foster sustainable growth of wine tourism.
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Armeni, Patrizio, Michela Meregaglia, Ludovica Borsoi, Giuditta Callea, and Aleksandra Torbica. "OP220 What Factors Do Clinicians Value Most In Selecting Physician Preference Items? A Survey Among Italian Orthopaedists." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 37, S1 (2021): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462321000805.
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IntroductionPhysician preference items (PPIs) are high-cost medical devices on which clinicians express firm preferences with respect to a particular manufacturer and a specific product. The aim of this research is to understand what are the most important factors, as well as their relative importance, in the choice of new PPIs (that is, hip or knee prosthesis) adoption on behalf of orthopaedic clinicians in Italy.MethodsBased on a literature review and clinical experts’ opinions, we identified a number of key factors (for example, health technology assessment (HTA) recommendation) and their corresponding levels (for example positive HTA recommendation). We administered an online survey to hospital orthopaedists using two experimental techniques for preference elicitation (that is, discrete choice experiment (DCE) and case 1 best-worst scaling (BWS)). BWS data were analysed through descriptive statistics (that is, best-minus-worst score) and conditional logit model. A mixed logit model was applied to DCE data, and a willingness-to-pay (WTP) was estimated. All analyses were conducted using Stata 16.ResultsA total of ninety orthopaedists (95% male; mean age: 52.8 years) were enrolled in the survey. In BWS, the most important factor was ‘clinical evidence’, followed by ‘quality of products’, ‘HTA recommendations’ and ‘previous experience’, while the least important was ‘cost’. DCE results suggested that orthopaedists prefer high-quality products with robust clinical evidence, positive HTA recommendation and affordable cost, and for which clinicians have a consolidated experience of use and a good relationship with the sales representative. The WTP for a high-quality product was estimated at EUR1,733, and for a good relationship at EUR2,843.ConclusionsThis is the first study aimed at analysing the multidimensionality of clinician's decision-making process in selecting new PPIs in orthopaedics in Italy. Despite the quality of products being declared as one of the most important dimensions in BWS, when other factors populate a hypothetical DCE scenario, physicians are not willing to accept quality at any cost (for example, high quality and very bad support from the producer or with uncertain clinical evidence).
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Oh, Jaedong, Mirae Kim, Hyejin Park, and Hayoung Oh. "Are You Depressed? Analyze User Utterances to Detect Depressive Emotions Using DistilBERT." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 6223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106223.
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This paper introduces the Are u Depressed (AuD) model, which aims to detect depressive emotional intensity and classify detailed depressive symptoms expressed in user utterances. The study includes the creation of a BWS dataset using a tool for the Best-Worst Scaling annotation task and a DSM-5 dataset containing nine types of depression annotations based on major depressive disorder (MDD) episodes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The proposed model employs the DistilBERT model for both tasks and demonstrates superior performance compared to other machine learning and deep learning models. We suggest using our model for real-time depressive emotion detection tasks that demand speed and accuracy. Overall, the AuD model significantly advances the accurate detection of depressive emotions in user utterances.
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Dukić Samaržija, Nikolina. "Using stated preference methods to inform public health decision making." Management 26, no. 2 (2021): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.26.2.2.
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Croatia has recognised the importance of prevention programmes in the field of public health, although their effectiveness is not satisfactory due to the low population response, which has a negative impact on the rationalisation of public spending. One of the possible solutions is to consider the stated preferences of the target population. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the use of stated preference methods in improving public health prevention programmes. For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was designed using three different methods - Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), Contingent Rating method (CR) and Best-Worst Scaling method (BWS). This study shows that the attributes of the Croatian cervical cancer screening programme are significantly associated with the respondents' utility level, which in turn is related to women's response. Since BWS, DCE, and CR measure the same construct - utility - we can say that convergent validity partially confirms the external validity of the methods. The author concludes that it is necessary to implement market principles, i.e. the demand-side analysis using stated preference methods, in the planning, implementation and re-evaluation of public health programmes.
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Sertolli, Ardit, Attila Bai, Albiona Pestisha, and Péter Balogh. "Prospects for Biomass Heat Energy in Kosovo: Environmental Considerations and Usage Limitations." Biomass 5, no. 1 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass5010014.
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The energy crisis has highlighted the need for a significant change in Kosovo’s lignite-based electrical energy system, particularly greater investments in renewable energy sources. These sources would provide greater price stability, centralized accessibility, and relatively affordable investment costs. This research tries to analyze the basic attitudes behind the behavior of the students from the agricultural faculty in Kosovo in order to acquire a better understanding of their preferences for renewable energy source purchases, using the Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) method and cluster analysis. Students’ perspectives on renewable energy show strong environmental and price conscientiousness in BWS methods (first and second rank), while the rate of eco-skeptic students reaches only 23% in the cluster analysis, which is a very promising sign of the younger generation’s growing dedication to sustainability. Students, as future decision-makers, can play a critical role in making the transition to a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system. Green transition in Kosovo can be reached by combining the importance of dissemination and marketing tools with the pressing demand for renewable energy solutions, which might be interesting not only for Kosovo, but (considering the expectable enlargement) also for the EU.
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Sakolwitayanon, Hatairat, Peeyush Soni, and Jourdain Damien. "Attributes determining consumer preference for organic rice in Bangkok, Thailand." British Food Journal 120, no. 9 (2018): 2017–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2017-0667.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore key attributes of organic rice that consumers use in the process of choosing organic rice, and to segment organic rice market in Bangkok. Moreover, the study tends to identify the best clustering techniques, between latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) and traditional cluster analysis (CA), for precise segmentation. Design/methodology/approach Best–worst scaling (BWS) method was applied to measure the level of relative importance of organic rice attributes. Then, LCCA and CA techniques were applied to recognize market segmentation. Finally, homogeneity and heterogeneity of the resulting clusters were determined to compare performance of the two clustering techniques. Findings The LCCA technique was identified better than the CA in classification of consumers. According to LCCA solution, the organic rice market in Bangkok (Thailand) consisted of six distinct clusters, which can be grouped into three categories based on consumers’ profile. Organic rice consumer categories were identified as “Art of eating” and “Superior quality seeker” clusters focusing on special features and quality of the organic rice; consumer category “Basic concern” cluster heavily relied on organic certification logo and manufacturing information; and other consumer categories were “Price driven,” “Eyes on price” and “Thorough explorer” clusters. Originality/value This study first applies BWS score to examine consumers’ preference for organic rice attributes and segments market, providing results for practical use for retailers, producers and marketers.
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Odejide, Oreofe O., Scott F. Huntington, Eleanor Shi, Kimberly S. Johnson, James A. Tulsky, and Gregory A. Abel. "Perceptions of Hospice and Transfusion Access Among Patients with Advanced Blood Cancers: Results from a Best-Worst Scaling Survey." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153304.
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Abstract Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies have low rates of hospice use, and when they do enroll, they often do so in the last three days of life. While lack of access to transfusions in hospice has been posited to be a key barrier to hospice use for this population, data are lacking regarding the perception of patients with blood cancers about the importance of transfusion access compared to traditional hospice services. We sought to characterize the utility of transfusions and hospice services from the perspective of patients with advanced blood cancers, who would potentially be eligible for hospice care. Methods: In October 2020, we began a web-based survey of patients with hematologic malignancies recruited from the clinics of two large cancer centers. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age, had at least two outpatient visits to the cancer center, and had a physician-estimated prognosis of six months or less based on their hematologic oncologist answering "no" to a modified "surprise" question (Hudson KE, JPM 2018): "would you be surprised if this patient died within the next six months?" A physician-estimated prognosis of ≤ 6 months was used for study inclusion as this is an eligibility criterion for hospice. The survey was developed through literature review, a series of patient/caregiver focus groups (n=27) and cognitive debriefing with blood cancer patients (n=5). The survey included a best-worst scaling (BWS) section to assess patients' perceptions of the utility of various services routinely provided in hospice (visiting nurse, case manager, home health aide, chaplain, social worker, respite care) as well as non-routine services (transfusion access, transportation, peer support, telemedicine through videoconferencing). We asked patients to imagine a program developed to support quality of life for patients with blood cancers just like them. We then presented them with 10 questions with different combinations of the services in groups of 4 and participants were asked to select the service they considered "most important" and "least important" in deciding whether to sign up for the program. The BWS questions were constructed using a near balanced incomplete block design (Louviere JJ, Patient 2010). We conducted a hierarchical Bayesian analysis to ascertain a standardized utility score assigned to each service, a measure of the average propensity to choose a service as most important more often than least important. Analyses were conducted using Sawtooth (Sawtooth Software, Inc). Results: As of July 2021, 102 patients had completed the survey (response rate: 64.6%). The median age of respondents was 71 years (IQR 63, 77). The majority of respondents were male, white, and married/living with partner (Table). The most common diagnosis was acute leukemia (38.2%). Patients considered access to blood transfusions to have the highest importance (Figure) with a standardized utility score of 21.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] [19.6-22.6], followed by telemedicine (19.4, 95% CI [17.8-20.9]), transportation to/from medical appointments (13.4, 95% CI 11.7-15.1), and visiting nurses (10.8, 95% [9.5-12.2]. The three least important services perceived by respondents were access to respite care (4.7, 95% CI [3.9-5.6]), social workers (4.5, 95% CI [3.5-5.5]), and chaplains (2.3, 95% CI [1.3-3.3]). Conclusions: In this cohort of blood cancer patients who would potentially be eligible for hospice care, access to blood transfusions had the greatest level of importance relative to services routinely provided in hospice settings. The high value placed on transfusion access suggests that this factor plays a crucial role in hospice decision making. Accordingly, lack of transfusion access in many hospices likely reduces the propensity of patients with blood cancers to choose hospice. Innovative hospice delivery models that include access to palliative transfusions may have strong potential to increase hospice use and optimize end-of-life care for this patient population. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Huntington: Genentech: Consultancy; SeaGen: Consultancy; Thyme Inc: Consultancy; Servier: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy; DTRM Biopharm: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Flatiron Health Inc.: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Komatsu, Satoru, Yayu Isyana D. Pongoliu, Masayuki Sakakibara, and Taro Ohdoko. "Examining Preference Heterogeneity in Best-Worst Scaling: Case of Preferences for Job Opportunities in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities in Indonesia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010306.
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This research empirically examines the preferences for job-related attributes among rural villagers living close to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia. Based on hypothetical scenarios in which a private company collaborates with the local government to establish a food processing industry in these villages, a questionnaire survey designed with best–worst scaling (BWS) was administered to households to determine their preferences. Additionally, the heterogeneity among the villagers was examined by applying a latent class logit (LCL) model. The main household survey was conducted in 2019 in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. The estimation results revealed that villagers are separated into four classes, and each class has different and unique preferences. Creating more job opportunities for society is a highly evaluated attribute; however, the preference for skill acquisition differs among groups. The results indicate that accounting for heterogeneous preferences regarding job opportunities is helpful to delink dependency on ASGM and health hazards and improve the livelihoods of rural villagers. The study yields key information to substantially reduce environmental and health hazards in the poverty-plagued ASGM community by facilitating job opportunities in Indonesia.
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Wu, Linhai, Guangqian Qiu, Jiao Lu, Minghua Zhang, and Xiaowei Wen. "Allocation of responsibility among pork supply chain players." British Food Journal 119, no. 12 (2017): 2822–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2017-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the responsibility that should be taken by different pork supply chain participants to ensure pork quality and safety, with the aim of providing some guidance for strengthening the supervision of pork quality and safety. Design/methodology/approach The pig farmer survey and the pork consumer survey were conducted in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, using the best-worst scaling (BWS) and a mixed logit model. Findings The results showed that the designation of responsibility for ensuring pork quality and safety was of, in descending order, feed producers and suppliers, backyard farmers and farms of designated size, pork processing workshops and companies of and above designated size, slaughterhouses, supermarkets, farmer’s markets, pig transporters, and consumers. Both pig farmers and pork consumers believed that those involved in the initial pork supply chain should take greater responsibility for pork quality and safety. Originality/value Allocation of responsibilities across the entire pork industry chain was investigated from the perspective of pig farmers and pork consumers using the BWS and a mixed logit model. The results of this study might explain the unique problems that occur in pork supply chain management in large developing countries like China.
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Mühlbacher, Axel C., Andrew Sadler, Björn Lamprecht, and Christin Juhnke. "Patient preferences in the treatment of hemophilia A: A latent class analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256521.
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Objective To examine subgroup-specific treatment preferences and characteristics of patients with hemophilia A. Methods Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) Case 3 (four attributes: application type; bleeding frequencies/year; inhibitor development risk; thromboembolic events of hemophilia A treatment risk) conducted via online survey. Respondents chose the best and the worst option of three treatment alternatives. Data were analyzed via latent class model (LCM), allowing capture of heterogeneity in the sample. Respondents were grouped into a predefined number of classes with distinct preferences. Results The final dataset contained 57 respondents. LCM analysis segmented the sample into two classes with heterogeneous preferences. Preferences within each were homogeneous. For class 1, the most decisive factor was bleeding frequency/year. Respondents seemed to focus mainly on this in their choice decisions. With some distance, inhibitor development was the second most important. The remaining attributes were of far less importance for respondents in this class. Respondents in class 2 based their choice decisions primarily on inhibitor development, also followed, by some distance, the second most important attribute bleeding frequency/year. There was statistical significance (P < 0.05) between the number of annual bleedings and the probability of class membership. Conclusions The LCM analysis addresses heterogeneity in respondents’ choice decisions, which helps to tailor treatment alternatives to individual needs. Study results support clinical and allocative decision-making and improve the quality of interpretation of clinical data.