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Journal articles on the topic 'Beta-Hemolytic Group A Streptococci'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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1

BALCI, Pervin. "Erythromycin resistance in Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci." Anatolian Current Medical Journal 4, no. 4 (2022): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1166370.

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Aim: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci, GABHS) is one of the important bacterial pathogens in clinical microbiology. It often causes upper respiratory tract infections such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. It also leads to complications such as acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Early diagnosis and treatment of these bacterial infections will prevent suppurative and non-suppurative complications, the transmission of infection to other people, and chronic carriage. Today, the treatment of streptococcal infections relies entirely on chemotherapy. Beta hemolytic group A streptococci and generally other beta-hemolytic streptococci in groups B (GBBHS), C, and G are generally sensitive to many chemotherapeutics, especially Penicillin and Erythromycin. In patients with penicillin allergy, erythromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, or oral cephalosporins are used instead of penicillin. However, it has recently been understood that there are strains resistant to Erythromycin in GABHS and are increasing. In this study, the situation in our region of Erythromycin resistance, which is used as an alternative for people allergic to Penicillin in the treatment of streptococcal infections, was investigated. Material and Method: In our study, throat swab samples were taken from 150 pharyngitis patients and 94 GABHS were obtained by applying the Bacitracin-SXT test with the culture method, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on these 94 GABHS by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method.  Result: GABHS was found susceptible to Bacitracin and resistant to SXT. GBBHS is resistant to Bacitracin and SXT. other beta-hemolytic streptococci were resistant to Bacitracin and susceptible to SXT. Conclusion: In this study, Erythromycin’s resistance was found to be 19.1%. it is observed that Erythromycin resistance has increased over the years when compared to previous studies. Erythromycin should not be used empirically in treatment. An antibiotic susceptibility test should be performed and the antibiotic should be selected according to the results of the antibiogram test.

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2

Bhandari, Shama, Dhundi Raj Paudel, and Kishor Gurung. "Correlation between McIssac Score and Throat Swab Culture in Patient Presenting with Acute Tonsillitis." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 19, no. 2 (2021): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v19i2.42994.

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Introduction: Tonsillitis is inflammation of tonsils which is characterized by various signs and symptoms with sore throat being the most consistent symptom. The condition is mostly caused by bacterial infection with Streptococci being the most common bacteria. McIssac scoring technique is clinical symptoms based scoring method designed for diagnosing streptococcal tonsillitis. Aims: To find out the association between McIssac Score and beta hemolytic streptococcal infection in acute tonsillitis. Methods: This hospital based, prospective study was carried out in the Department of ENT, Nepalgunj Medical College from July 2020 to June 2021. Patients were scored as per McIssac score. The specimens were collected from the tonsillar surface using sterile cotton swabs and subjected for culture and sensitivity. Results:The most common affected age group was 21 to 30 years (46%). Females were affected more commonly (57%). The most common organism isolated in the study was Group A beta hemolyticn Streptococcus (48%), followed by Pseudomonas (10%), Enterococcus (9%) and Klebsiella (8%) and no organisms were isolated in 25% of the patients. It was observed that high McIssac score was associated with higher chance of having positive beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. Out of 48 group A beta hemolytic streptococci culture positive patients 18(37.5%) patients scored 3, 9 (18.75%) patients scored 4 and 7(14.5%) patients scored 5.The most common antibiotic effective against group A beta hemolytic srtreptococci was ceftriaxone in 25(72.9%), followed by amoxyclavulinic acid in 20 isolates (41.6%) and amikacin in seventeen (35.4%) isolates. Conclusion: The correlation between throat swab culture and McIssac score emphasized that this clinical scoring system aid in early diagnosis of group A beta hemolytic streptococci tonsillitis.

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3

Gutiérrez-Jiménez, Javier, Mónica Ivonne Mendoza-Orozco, Alejandra Vicente-Serrano, et al. "Virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Chiapas, Mexico." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 02 (2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9679.

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Introduction: Among beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes causes a wide variety of human disease including pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic syndrome. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) uses a variety of virulence traits to colonize and then cause damage to the host; others species of beta-hemolytic streptococci are considered as emerging pathogens for humans. Despite its recognized virulence, only few studies have investigated virulence factors of GAS strains isolated in Mexico. Methodology: We conducted an epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of GAS strains in child illnesses in Chiapas Mexico. Virulence genes encoding proteases, DNases, superantigens, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics were investigated. Results: During 2010, 2013 and 2014, beta-hemolytic streptococci (N=12) were isolated from cases of bacterial infections including pharyngitis and bacteremia, with a prevalence of 0.42, 0.04 and 0.20%, respectively. S. pyogenes was the most frequent species (33%) followed by S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (25%, each). Most GAS strains encoded genes for proteases: scpA, speB, spyCEP and mac (75%), followed by sdaD and sdaB (DNases) (50%), speA and speG (superantigens; 50 and 25%, respectively). The scpA gene was amplified in all S. agalactiae strains and in ~35% of SDSE strains. Strains were all susceptible to beta-lactams, cephalosporins and quinolones. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence on the epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococci infecting children at the southeast Mexico, their virulence traits and sensitivity to first-line antibiotics.

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Devi, Utpala, Prasanta Kumar Borah, and Jagadish Mahanta. "The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of beta-hemolytic streptococci colonizing the throats of schoolchildren in Assam, India." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 11 (2011): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1465.

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Introduction: Studies on the carriage rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci among children form an important component of public health practice to prevent disease complications such as rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease, nephritis, and other local or systemic infections. Methodology: Throat swabs collected from asymptomatic schoolchildren were inoculated into appropriate media for isolation of beta-hemolytic streptococci. They were identified by standard biochemical methods and sero-grouped. Antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results and Conclusion: Beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 106 (7.7%) out of the 1,384 throat swabs and Group F was the predominant sero-group isolated. The highest resistance observed among all the beta-hemolytic streptococci was to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

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5

Facklam, Richard. "What Happened to the Streptococci: Overview of Taxonomic and Nomenclature Changes." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 4 (2002): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.15.4.613-630.2002.

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SUMMARY Since the division of the Streptococcus genus into enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the Streptococcus genus have taken place. The application of genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the different species. The Lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. The Lancefield grouping system cannot be used in itself for accurate identification of specific beta-hemolytic species, but it can be a useful part of the identification procedure. Except for identification of the “Streptococcus bovis group” of species and Streptococcus suis, Lancefield grouping is of little value in identification of the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and related genera. In fact, identification of the non-beta-hemolytic species is problematic for conventional as well as commercially available identification procedures. A combination of conventional tests and specific chromogenic tests suggested by several investigators is presented and discussed. Tables are included that suggest tests and procedures to guide investigators attempting to identify all the species.

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6

Brandt, Claudia M., Gerhard Haase, Norbert Schnitzler, Reinhard Zbinden, and Rudolf Lütticken. "Characterization of Blood Culture Isolates ofStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilisPossessing Lancefield's Group A Antigen." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1999): 4194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.12.4194-4197.1999.

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For three human blood culture isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci with Lancefield's serogroup A antigen, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes confirmed biochemical identification asStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Genes encoding M or M-like proteins, which are considered to be major virulence determinants in streptococci, were detected in all of these strains. Our data clearly demonstrate that for beta-hemolytic streptococci, the species assignment should not be based on the results of serogrouping alone.

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Bobia, Ana Antoaneta, Oana Alexandra Blaj, Denis Oancea, et al. "The prevalence of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus in a Children’s Tertiary Care Hospital in Timisoara." Central European Journal of Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejcr-2019-0011.

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AbstractBackground. Beta hemolytic streptococcus (BHS) represents a worldwide health problem because of the complications that can occur. Thus, it is important to identify the presence and type of BHS in time to start treatment if needed, avoiding the complications.Aim. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus in a Children’s Tertiary Care Hospital in Timisoara.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April-June 2018 in Emergency Hospital for Children Timisoara. The study lot consists from 1100 children, ages between 0-18 years, which were not given, in the preceding two weeks, any antibiotics. We compared the study with two studies from different cities in Nepal, with the same subject as ours. Group A and Group C Streptococci were identified by beta hemolytic colonies, bacitracin sensitivity, catalase negativity test and latex agglutination test (Oxoid Streptococcal Grouping kit). ASO (Antistreptolysin O) test was also performed from serum samples, for patients with positive cultures. We also tested the antibiotic sensitivity to: Cefepime, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline.Results. The prevalence of BHS (Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus), especially GABHS (Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus) was 4%, in children from a tertiary care hospital in Timisoara, Romania; which is comparable to the findings of similar studies. In the first study, the prevalence of GABHS was 7.2%, and in the second study was 9%. The patients with positive cultures were also tested for ASO, 28 patients (52%) had high levels, while 26 (48%) had normal levels. On all positive patients an antibiogram was made and we observed that most of the isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics used. A few isolates in Group A were resistant.Conclusions. Considering the limited data found on our subject, further epidemiological studies on streptococcal disease complex are needed.

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Nestorovic, Branimir, Suzana Laban-Nestorovic, Veselinka Paripovic, and Katarina Milosevic. "Value of rapid test for identification of beta hemolytic Streptococcus antigens in children with Streptococcal pharyngitis." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, suppl. 1 (2004): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh04s1039n.

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Beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) is the most common bacterial agent associated with the upper respiratory tract infections in humans. The most frequently group A streptococcus-associated disease is pharyngitis. Males and females are equally affected by group A streptococcus. There is seasonal increase in the prevalence of group A streptococcus-associated pharyngitis. Streptococcal pharyngitis is most prevalent in winter and early spring with higher incidence of disease observed in crowded population such as school children. Early diagnosis and treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis has been shown to reduce the severity of symptoms and further complications such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. The conventional methods used for identification of group A streptococci depend on isolation and identification of the organism on blood agar plates. These methods usually require 18-24 hours of incubation at 37?C. Such delay in identifying the group A streptococcus has often made physicians to administer therapy without first disclosing the etiological agent. Development of immunologic tests, capable of detecting the group A streptococcal antigen directly from the throat swabs, produced rapid test results employed for better treatment of patients. STREP A test is a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of group A streptococci from throat swabs or culture. The accuracy of the test does not depend on the organism viability. Instead, group A strep antigen is extracted directly from the swab and identified using antibodies specific for the group A carbohydrates. We compared rapid test with conventional throat swab in 40 children, who met Centor criteria for streptococcal pharyngitis (absence of cough, high fever, purulent pharyngitis, enlarged and painful cervical lymph nodes). Overall congruence of rapid test and culture was 94%. Test is easy to perform and it is recommended as the first diagnostic test for management of children with streptococcal pharyngitis. In children with negative test, but with characteristics highly suggestive of streptococcal infection, throat culture should be performed.

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Orden, Beatriz, Raquel Martin, Ana Franco, Guadalupe Ibañez, and Ester Mendez. "BALANITIS CAUSED BY GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 10 (1996): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199610000-00022.

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GOLDBERG, PAUL, STANFORD T. SHULMAN, and RAM YOGEV. "Group C Streptococcal Endocarditis." Pediatrics 75, no. 1 (1985): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.1.114.

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Although endocarditis is often caused by α-hemolytic streptococci, endocarditis due to β-hemolytic streptococci is rare. Most cases of β-streptococcal endocarditis are due to Lancefield groups B or G, whereas group C streptococci rarely cause endocarditis.1 Only 15 cases of endocarditis caused by group C streptococci, all in adults, have been reported.2-13 The rarity of this association is emphasized by the fact that Mohr et al13 reported one patient with group C streptococcal endocarditis from a series of 150,000 blood cultures. In addition, Cherubin and Neu14 found no cases of group C streptococcal endocarditis while reviewing 656 cases of infective endocarditis.

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Ahmad, Waseem, Muhammad Yousaf Saleemi та Muhammad Iqbal. "β-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS". Professional Medical Journal 25, № 12 (2018): 1882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4585.

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Background: Strep throat is also known as Streptococcal Pharyngitis. It is an infection in back of the throat including tonsils which reasoned by group A Streptococcus (GAS). General signs like fever, red tonsils, sore throat and grow lymph nodes in the neck. Nausea, headache and vomiting may also happen due to Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Objective: The aim of study is to conclude the correctness in discover Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS) through brisk antigen testing evaluate with throat culture methods which are generally used. Materials and Methods: Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Period: 1st July 2016 to 31st December 2016. At first throat culture,Streptococcal select agar or sheep blood agar, performed on 192 patients with severe strep throat and after that brisk antigen detection tests, Directigen Group A Strep, was also executed. Statistical investigation contained sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value as well as its prevalence. Results: The prevalence of group A β-hemolytic streptococci is 13.54%. Sensitivity is 96.15%, specificity is 95.18%, positive predictive value is 75.76% along with negative predictive value is 99.37% which shows that a very low percentage of patients with Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci as <1%. Conclusion: This showed that a very low percentage as <1% of patients with Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci evade findings by brisk screening test methods.

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Neth, Olaf, Dominic L. Jack, Alister W. Dodds, Helen Holzel, Nigel J. Klein, and Malcolm W. Turner. "Mannose-Binding Lectin Binds to a Range of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms and Promotes Complement Deposition." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (2000): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.688-693.2000.

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ABSTRACT Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a collagenous serum lectin believed to be of importance in innate immunity. Genetically determined low levels of the protein are known to predispose to infections. In this study the binding of purified MBL to pathogens isolated from immunocompromised children was investigated by flow cytometry. DiverseCandida species, Aspergillus fumigatus,Staphylococcus aureus, and beta-hemolytic group A streptococci exhibited strong binding of MBL, whereas Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Haemophilus influenzae type b were characterized by heterogeneous binding patterns. In contrast, beta-hemolytic group B streptococci,Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis showed low levels of binding. Bound MBL was able to promote C4 deposition in a concentration-dependent manner. We conclude that MBL may be of importance in first-line immune defense against several important pathogens.

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Naik, Trupti B., Shobha D. Nadagir, and Asmabegaum Biradar. "Prevalence of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci Groups A, C, and G in Patients with Acute Pharyngitis." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 8, no. 01 (2016): 045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.176235.

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ABSTRACT Context: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) is the most frequently isolated pathogen in acute pharyngitis. However, the role of Group C (GCS) and Group G (GGS) streptococci in disease burden is under recognized. The present study is carried out to find out the prevalence of acute pharyngitis caused by the different serogroups of streptococci and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these streptococcal isolates. Study and Design: A cross sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 218 throat swabs from patients with acute pharyngitis and 82 from healthy controls were collected and processed as per standard protocol. Samples were inoculated on blood agar and Streptococcus selective agar. Isolates were identifi ed by the conventional method and serogrouped by latex agglutination test using Remel Streptex kit. Results: Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) were isolated from 34 (15.59%) of pharyngitis patients and 11 (13.41%) of the healthy carrier. Among pharyngitis, GAS was isolated from 20 (9.17%), GCS 7 (3.21%), and GGS 7 (3.21%) patients. Carriage rate of GAS was 6 (7.31%) and GCS, 5 (6.09%). Vancomycin (100%), amoxyclavulanic acid (90%), levofloxacin (85%), and cephotaxime (80%) were found to be most effective antibiotics. Comparatively, higher drug resistance was observed among GCS and GGS to all the drugs used in the study except for levofloxacin. Conclusions: Although rate of pharyngitis associated with GCS and GGS is marginally lower than GAS, their carriage rate among healthy and relative higher drug resistance emphasizes the need for periodic surveillance of infection by the different serogroups of BHS.

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Brook, Itzhak, and Perry A. Foote. "Efficacy of Penicillin versus Cefdinir in Eradication of Group A Streptococci and Tonsillar Flora." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 11 (2005): 4787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.11.4787-4788.2005.

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ABSTRACT Core tonsillar cultures were obtained from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis treated with either penicillin or cefdinir. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 11 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (P < 0.001) patients. β-Lactamase producers were recovered from 17 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (P < 0.01) patients. Inhibiting alpha-hemolytic streptococci were isolated less often from penicillin-treated patients than from cefdinir-treated patients.

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Jeric, P. E., H. Lopardo, P. Vidal, et al. "Multicenter Study on Spreading of the tet(M) Gene in Tetracycline-Resistant Streptococcus Group G and C Isolates in Argentina." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 1 (2002): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.2.239-241.2002.

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ABSTRACT A prospective multicenter study on invasive infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci was performed over 6 months and involved 42 centers from 16 cities in Argentina. Among 33 isolates recovered, 9 group G Streptococcus isolates (39.1%) and 2 group C Streptococcus isolates (20%) exhibited resistance to tetracycline and harbored the tet(M) gene. Genealogical analysis revealed that tetracycline resistance has a polyclonal origin in Argentina.

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Mangat, Jasmeet, Smita Triverdi, Hiroshi Takahashi, David Enfield, and Roger Baxter. "Non-beta-hemolytic group A streptococci isolated from abscess." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 16, no. 17 (1994): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(94)90007-8.

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Traczewski, Maria M., and Steven D. Brown. "Proposed MIC and Disk Diffusion Microbiological Cutoffs and Spectrum of Activity of Retapamulin, a Novel Topical Antimicrobial Agent." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 11 (2008): 3863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00399-08.

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ABSTRACT Retapamulin, the first pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent approved for the topical treatment of skin infections in humans, was tested against 987 clinical isolates representing 30 species and/or resistance groups. MICs were determined along with disk diffusion zone diameters using a 2-μg disk. Population distribution and MIC versus disk zone diameter scattergrams were analyzed to determine microbiological MIC cutoff values and inhibition zone correlates. Minimum bactericidal concentrations were performed on a smaller subset of key species. The retapamulin MIC90 against 234 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 110 coagulase-negative staphylococci was 0.12 μg/ml. Retapamulin MIC90s ranged from 0.03 to 0.06 μg/ml against beta-hemolytic streptococci including 102 Streptococcus pyogenes, 103 Streptococcus agalactiae, 59 group C Streptococcus, and 71 group G Streptococcus isolates. The MIC90 against 55 viridans group streptococci was 0.25 μg/ml. Retapamulin had very little activity against 151 gram-negative bacilli and most of the Enterococcus species tested. Based on the data from this study, for staphylococci, MICs of ≤0.5, 1, and ≥2 μg/ml with corresponding disk diffusion values of ≥20 mm, 17 to 19 mm, and ≤16 mm can be proposed for susceptible, intermediate, and resistant microbiological cutoffs, respectively. For beta-hemolytic streptococci, a susceptible-only MIC of ≤0.25 μg/ml with a corresponding disk diffusion value of ≥15 mm can be proposed for susceptible-only microbiological cutoffs.

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Mathur, Purva, Nidhi Bhardwaj, Kushal Mathur, et al. "Clinical and molecular epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections in India." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 03 (2014): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3216.

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Introduction: Beta-hemolytic streptococci (βHS) cause a diverse array of human infections. Despite the high number of cases of streptococcal carriers and diseases, studies discerning the molecular epidemiology of βHS in India are limited. This study reports the molecular and clinical epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections from two geographically distinct regions of India. Methodology: A total of 186 isolates of βHS from north and south India were included. The isolates were identified to species level and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to detect exotoxin genes, and emm types of group A streptococci (GAS) strains were ascertained by sequencing. Results: GAS was the most common isolate (71.5%), followed by group G streptococci (GGS) (21%). A large proportion of GAS produced speB (97%), smeZ (89%), speF (91%), and speG (84%). SmeZ was produced by 21% and 50% of GGS and GGS, respectively. A total of 45 different emm types/subtypes were seen in GAS, with emm 11 being the most common. Resistance to tetracycline (73%) and erythromycin (34.5%) was commonly seen in GAS. Conclusions: A high diversity of emm types was seen in Indian GAS isolates with high macrolide and tetracycline resistance. SpeA was less commonly seen in Indian GAS isolates. There was no association between disease severity and exotoxin gene production.

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Sader, Helio S., Robert K. Flamm, David J. Farrell, and Ronald N. Jones. "Daptomycin Activity against Uncommonly Isolated Streptococcal and Other Gram-Positive Species Groups." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 12 (2013): 6378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01906-13.

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ABSTRACTA total of 1,356 clinical isolates were tested against daptomycin by broth microdilution methods. Daptomycin was active against seven groups of viridans group streptococci (MIC50and MIC90values ranging from ≤0.06 and ≤0.06 μg/ml [Streptococcus bovisandStreptococcus dysgalactiae] to 0.5 and 1 μg/ml [Streptococcus mitis,Streptococcus oralis, andStreptococcus parasanguinis], respectively), beta-hemolytic streptococci serogroups C, F, and G (MIC50and MIC90, ≤0.06 to 0.25 and 0.12 to 0.25 μg/ml, respectively),Corynebacteriumspp. (MIC50and MIC90, ≤0.06 and 0.12 μg/ml, respectively), andMicrococcusspp. (MIC50and MIC90, ≤0.06 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively).Listeria monocytogenesexhibited higher daptomycin MICs (MIC50and MIC90, 2 and 4 μg/ml, respectively) than other tested organisms.

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K. AL- Mouswi, Jafaar, and Israa K. AL-yasiri. "Bacteriological and Serological Study of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Throat Infection Among School Children In Najaf Governorate." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 3, no. 4 (2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2007.3.4.93-102.

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The study presents the findings of bacteriological and immunological examinations of (250) children suffering from throat infection and (350) school children without throat infection as control .one hundred and five (105)infected children and one hundred (100) uninfected children were selected for asessment of ASO titer and CRP level. It was found that group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, a known sore throat pathogens, were significantly detected more often among children with throat infection than among healthy carriers as controls (43.6 % versus. 26 %) respectively. Also there was significant difference (p<0.005) between infected children and healthy carriers in isolation rate of group C beta hemolytic streptococci (16.4 %vs. 8.95 %) respectively.The study indicated that there was significant difference in ASO value 1/200 IU/ml between infected children (57.2 %) and controls (4 %)as well as there was significant relationship between ASO positivity and beta-hemolytic streptococci carriage. There was significant difference in CRP value between infected children (94.3 %) and controls (20 %). the sensitivity and specificity for ASO test was 57 %and 96 % respectively and for CRP test was 94.5 % and 80 % respectively.

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Jansen, W. T. M., A. Verel, J. Verhoef, and D. Milatovic. "In Vitro Activity of Telavancin against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates Recently Obtained in Europe." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 9 (2007): 3420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00100-07.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of telavancin was tested against 620 gram-positive isolates. For staphylococci, MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited (MIC50 and MIC90) were both 0.25 μg/ml, irrespective of methicillin resistance. MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci and 1 and 2 μg/ml for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and B beta-hemolytic streptococci, and viridans streptococci were inhibited by ≤0.12 μg/ml.

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Topal, Taylan, Gulsah Asik, Ozlem Yoldas, Halil Er, and Ihsan Hakki Ciftci. "Carriage of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci in Preschool Centres." Sakarya Medical Journal 1, no. 4 (2011): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/sakaryamj.2011.94695.

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Zackrisson, Gunilla, Lena Lind, Kristian Roos, and Peter Larsson. "Erythromycin-resistant Beta-hemolytic Streptococci Group A in Goteborg, Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 20, no. 4 (1988): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548809032478.

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Roddey, O. F. "Quantitation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in throat culture." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, no. 6 (1991): 1279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.6.1279-1280.1991.

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Cimolai, N. "DO THE BETA-HEMOLYTIC NON-GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI CAUSE PHARYNGITIS?" Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 8, no. 6 (1989): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198906000-00021.

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Waters, V. V. "Group C beta-hemolytic streptococci in college students with pharyngitis." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 12 (1991): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.265.12.1526.

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BROOK, I. "Paronychia: a Mixed Infection." Journal of Hand Surgery 18, no. 3 (1993): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90063-l.

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Cultures of paronychia of the fingers have grown aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Each was recovered individually in only about a quarter of the patients and a mixed aerobic/anaerobic flora was isolated in half of the patients. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, Bacteroides species and Fusobacterium species. The predominant aerobic organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, gamma-haemolytic streptococci, Eikenella corrodens, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Candida albicans was recovered in about 15% of the cases. The management of this infection is discussed.

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Rathore, Mobeen H., and Stephen G. Jenkins. "GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 12, no. 4 (1993): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199304000-00023.

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Helsing, P., and P. Gaustad. "Bullous impetigo caused by group A streptococci. A case report." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 72, no. 1 (1992): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555725051.

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Bullous impetigo is considered to be a staphylococcal disease. Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 71, produces an epidermolytic toxin, assumed to be the cause of bullous formation in the skin. We present a case of bullous impetigo. Microbiological tests suggested beta-hemolytic streptococci, group A, M-type 3, as the etiological agent. Group A streptococci were isolated from the throat of the patient's mother and brother. The strains were shown to be identical, by means of DNA-'fingerprinting' and M-typing.

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30

Mahmood, Zafar, Ikram Ullah, Sohail Tirmizi, Mohammad Yousuf, Zubair Anwar, and Hammad Raza. "Prevalence of Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Related Pharyngitis in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (2022): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167334.

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Objective: To identify the prevalence of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus related pharyngitis in Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry, Karachi from 1st July 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred and seventy patients who showed symptoms of pharyngitis were enrolled. Two throat swabs were taken where first was used for rapid group a beta hemolytic streptococcus assessment. In cases of negative testing second swab was placed on 5% of the sheep blood agar plates at a temperature of 35°C with anaerobic conditions for two days. Beta hemolytic streptococcus colonies were checked. On sub-culturing pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase test was applied. A disc of >15mm with inhibited growth around bacitracin was considered as positive for group A β-hemolytic. Result: The present study found that the mean age of the patients was 19.5±4.3 years. There were 51.7% males while 48.2% females in this study. There were 11.17% those who were found positive for group a beta hemolytic streptococcus There was a significant association between rapid test positive and modified Centor scoring assuming that as score increases from 0-3 the risk of group a beta hemolytic streptococcus positive cases also surges. Conclusion: There is a significant prevalence of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus in pharyngitis cases reported from Pakistan. Keywords: Prevalence, Pharyngitis, Group A ß-hemolytic, Streptococcus

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EGAWA, Kiyofumi. "Balanoposthitis Caused by Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococci in an Adult." Nishi Nihon Hifuka 79, no. 3 (2017): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2336/nishinihonhifu.79.217.

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Terry, Richard R., Francis W. Kelly, Cheryl Gauzer, and Melissa Jeitler. "Risk factors for maternal colonization with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 99, no. 11 (1999): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.11.571.

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33

Brook, Itzhak. "RECOVERY OF GROUP A BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI FROM BOTH TONSILLAR SURFACES." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 7, no. 6 (1988): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198806000-00022.

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34

Pichichero, M. E. "Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Infections." Pediatrics in Review 19, no. 9 (1998): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.19-9-291.

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Pichichero, Michael E. "Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Infections." Pediatrics In Review 19, no. 9 (1998): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.19.9.291.

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Pichichero, Michael E. "Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 65, no. 6 (1998): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02831353.

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37

Flamm, Robert K., Rodrigo E. Mendes, Patricia A. Hogan, Jennifer M. Streit, James E. Ross, and Ronald N. Jones. "Linezolid Surveillance Results for the United States (LEADER Surveillance Program 2014)." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 4 (2016): 2273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02803-15.

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ABSTRACTThelinezolidexperience andaccuratedetermination ofresistance (LEADER) surveillance program has monitored linezolid activity, spectrum, and resistance since 2004. In 2014, a total of 6,865 Gram-positive pathogens from 60 medical centers from 36 states were submitted. The organism groups evaluated wereStaphylococcus aureus(3,106), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 797), enterococci (855),Streptococcus pneumoniae(874), viridans group streptococci (359), and beta-hemolytic streptococci (874). Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution at the monitoring laboratory. Linezolid-resistant isolates were confirmed by repeat testing. PCR and sequencing were performed to detect mutations in 23S rRNA, L3, L4, and L22 proteins and acquired genes (cfrandoptrA). The MIC50/90forStaphylococcus aureuswas 1/1 μg/ml, with 47.2% of isolates being methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Linezolid was active against allStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains and beta-hemolytic streptococci with a MIC50/90of 1/1 μg/ml and against viridans group streptococci with a MIC50/90of 0.5/1 μg/ml. Among the linezolid-nonsusceptible MRSA strains, one strain harboredcfronly (MIC, 4 μg/ml), one harbored G2576T (MIC, 8 μg/ml), and one containedcfrand G2576T with L3 changes (MIC, ≥8 μg/ml). Among CoNS, 0.75% (six isolates) of all strains demonstrated linezolid MIC results of ≥4 μg/ml. Five of these were identified asStaphylococcus epidermidis, four of which containedcfrin addition to the presence of mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, alone or in combination with 23S rRNA (G2576T) mutations. Six enterococci (0.7%) were linezolid nonsusceptible (≥4 μg/ml; five with G2576T mutations, including one with an additionalcfrgene, and one strain withoptrAonly). Linezolid demonstrated excellent activity and a sustained susceptibility rate of 99.78% overall.

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Arundito, Bagus Winandi, and Teti Adriana Lubis. "Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Narrative Literature Review." Sriwijaya Journal of Pediatrics 1, no. 1 (2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.59345/sjped.v1i1.15.

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Rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease caused by an immune and inflammatory response to infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in individuals with a genetic predisposition. In its acute form, rheumatic fever is a febrile illness that occurs about 2 to 3 weeks after infection and is characterized by inflammation of the joints, skin, nervous system, and heart. If left untreated, rheumatic fever can lead to scarring and structural deformities of the heart resulting in rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This literature review aimed to describe acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in children. Therapy for acute rheumatic fever is aimed at eradicating streptococcal infection regimen 10 days of antibiotics NSAIDs are used as agent anti-inflammatory for rheumatic carditis and arthritis and help relieve symptoms, but does not prevent complications. Serious carditis may require diuretics and vasodilators, and recovery may take up to 12 months. Damaged valve repair surgery may be necessary in cases of recurrent chronic rheumatic fever or carditis. In conclusion, rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease caused by an immune and inflammatory response to infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in individuals with a genetic predisposition. If left untreated, rheumatic fever can lead to scarring and structural deformities of the heart resulting in rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

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39

Swenshon, M., C. Lämmler, and U. Siebert. "Identification and Molecular Characterization of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) of the North and Baltic Seas." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 7 (1998): 1902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1902-1906.1998.

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The present study was designed to identify and comparatively investigate 35 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from stranded harbor porpoises or from animals caught in fishing nets of the North and Baltic seas. According to biochemical and serological data and to lectin agglutination tests with the lectin ofArachis hypogaea, all 35 isolates could be classified in Lancefield’s serological group L and could be identified asStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. All 35 group L streptococci were uniformly sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested. To further analyze the epidemiological relationship, the isolates were subjected to macrorestriction analysis of their chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Digestion of the chromosomal DNA with the restriction enzymes SmaI and ApaI revealed that most of the group L streptococci seemed to be apparently identical or related. These results indicate that one clone or at least related group L streptococcal clones play an important role for infections of harbor porpoises of the North and Baltic seas. This might possibly be caused by a direct transfer of the bacteria from animal to animal.

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40

Pypa, L. V., K. Yu Kreniov, L. V. Dudikova, et al. "Analysis of cases of severe streptococcal infection in children and adults in Khmelnytskyi region." CHILD`S HEALTH 19, no. 7 (2024): 445–50. https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.19.7.2024.1756.

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Background. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) is a widespread bacterial pathogen that can cause many clinical variants of diseases in humans and be a trigger factor for the development of various autoimmune conditions. The purpose of the study was to show the current state of infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in adults and children using case studies. Materials and methods. The article describes 5 cases of streptococcal infection caused by Str.pyogenes with different clinical symptoms. The streptococcal etiology was confirmed by bacteriological method, the levels of ASLO antibodies were evaluated by biochemical method, clinical and biochemical studies were performed to determine markers of organ dysfunction. Results. The paper presents cases of severe streptococcal infection, which occurred in the form of phlegmon (single or multiple), multiple fasciitis of various localizations, development of destructive pneumonia, which was complicated by pneumothorax and pyopneumothorax, streptococcal septic shock, as well as epidermolysis syndrome (“scalded skin” syndrome). Conclusions. There has been a significant increase in the incidence of diseases caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. This outbreak is characterized by a severe course of infection with the development of various clinical forms with skin and soft tissue damage, destructive pneumonia, and septicemia. All cases are caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.

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41

Aarathi Reddy, Tummala. "Management of Pharyngitis with Homoeopathic Approach." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (2023): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.202308123.

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Pharyngitis is an inflammation in mucous membrane of oropharynx. Usually either it is caused by bacteria or virus. Bacteria of Group A beta hemolytic streptococci, Group B&C streptococci may involve in causing this infection and Virus such like Epstein-Barr virus, Human immunodeficiency virus, rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, and parainfluenza. Homoeopathy is prescribed based on symptom similarity and is treated on the grounds of root cause, so recurrence is avoided. Keywords: Pharyngitis, Homoeopathy, Inflammation, Sore throat, Pain, Bacteria, Virus

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Kapil, Arti, Srujana Mohanty, and BimalK Das. "Pleural empyema due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococci in an adult." Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 59, no. 5 (2005): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5359.16259.

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Das, Srijit. "Group -A Beta-Hemolytic streptococci resistance pattern in north indian pediatric population." Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 63, no. 9 (2009): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5359.56112.

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44

Amini, B. "Prevalence of Beta Hemolytic Group Streptococci Among Elementary School Children in Zanjan." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1192.

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45

Hirose, Y. "Toxic shock-like syndrome caused by non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci." Archives of Internal Medicine 157, no. 16 (1997): 1891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.16.1891.

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46

SITKIEWICZ, IZABELA, and WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ. "Pyogenic Streptococci – Danger of Re-Emerging Pathogens." Polish Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 4 (2010): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2010-034.

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Beta-hemolytic, pyogenic streptococci are classified according to type of major surface antigen into A (Streptococcus pyogenes), B (Streptococcus agalactiae), C (multiple species including Streptococcus dysagalactiae) and G (multiple species including Streptococcus canis) Lancefield groups. Group A Streptococcus causes each year hundreds of thousands deaths globally as a result of infections and post-infectional sequelae. An increasing number of severe, invasive infections is caused by selected, specialized pathogenic clones. Within the last 50 years, an increasing number of human infections caused by groups B, C and G Streptococcus (GBS, GCS, GGS) has been observed worldwide. GBS was first identified as animal pathogen but the spectrum of diseases caused by GBS quickly shifted to human infections. Groups C and G Streptococcus are still regarded mostly as animal pathogens, however, an increased number of severe infections caused by these groups is observed. The increasing number of human infections caused worldwide by GCS/GGS can be a sign of similar development from animal to human pathogen as observed in case of GBS and this group will gain much more clinical interest in the future.The situation in Poland regarding invasive infections caused by pyogenic streptococci is underestimated.

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47

Dierksen, Karen P., Nancy L. Ragland та John R. Tagg. "A New Alkaline pH-Adjusted Medium Enhances Detection of β-Hemolytic Streptococci by Minimizing Bacterial Interference Due to Streptococcus salivarius". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, № 2 (2000): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.2.643-650.2000.

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A new selective medium (CNA-P) that reduces or eliminates the inhibitory activity of bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus salivarius against β-hemolytic streptococci has been developed and compared with sheep blood agar (SBA) for the sensitive detection of small numbers of β-hemolytic streptococci in clinical specimens. CNA-P has as its basis a commercial medium (Difco Columbia CNA agar) supplemented with 5% (vol/vol) sheep blood, and the CNA is further modified by addition of 100 mM PIPES buffer [piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)] (pH 7.5) to maintain cultures at an alkaline pH during incubation. CNA-P was shown to inhibit the production and/or release of four different types of S. salivarius bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like inhibitory molecules. The efficacies of CNA-P and SBA for detection of β-hemolytic streptococci in 1,352 pharyngeal samples from 376 children were compared. The β-hemolytic streptococcal isolates recovered from the samples included 314 group A (S. pyogenes), 61 group G, 33 group B, and 5 group C streptococci. Of 314 samples that yielded S. pyogenes, 300 were positive on CNA-P (96%) and 264 (86%) were positive on SBA. A significantly greater number of S. pyogenes isolates from these samples were recovered only on CNA-P (50 of 314) compared with the number of isolates recovered only on SBA (14 of 314). In addition, the degree of positivity, a measure of the total numbers of S. pyogenesisolates on the plate, was significantly higher on CNA-P than on SBA (2.40 versus 2.07; P < 0.001). Interestingly, CNA-P was also found to enhance the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O, allowing detection of streptolysin S-deficient S. pyogenesstrains which might otherwise go undetected on SBA and other isolation media.

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Brook, Itzhak. "Treatment Challenges of Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngo-Tonsillitis." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 21, no. 03 (2016): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584294.

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Introduction Despite its in vitro efficacy, penicillin often fails to eradicate Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) from patients with acute and relapsing pharyngo-tonsillitis (PT). Objective This review of the literature details the causes of penicillin failure to eradicate GABHS PT and the therapeutic modalities to reduce and overcome antimicrobial failure. Data Synthesis The causes of penicillin failure in eradicating GABHS PT include the presence of β lactamase producing bacteria (BLPB) that “protect” GABHS from any penicillin; the absence of bacteria that interfere with the growth of GABHS; co-aggregation between GABHS and Moraxella catarrhalis; and the poor penetration of penicillin into the tonsillar tissues and the tonsillo-pharyngeal cells, which allows intracellular GABHS and Staphylococcus aureus to survive. The inadequate intracellular penetration of penicillin can allow intracellular GABHS and S. aureus to persist. In the treatment of acute tonsillitis, the use of cephalosporin can overcome these interactions by eradicating aerobic BLPB (including M. catarrhalis), while preserving the potentially interfering organisms and eliminating GABHS. Conclusion In treatment of recurrent and chronic PT, the administration of clindamycin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, can eradicate both aerobic and anaerobic BLPB, as well as GABHS. The superior intracellular penetration of cephalosporin and clindamycin also enhances their efficacy against intracellular GABHS and S. aureus.

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Okumura, Keiko, Richard Schroff, Rwanda Campbell, Lucas Nishioka, and Eric Elster. "Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis with Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report." American Surgeon 70, no. 8 (2004): 730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480407000815.

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Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a wide range of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and even septic shock. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis is uncommon today, but recent reports indicate a reemergence of virulent strains can cause toxic-mediated shock and multiple organ failure. We present a case report of a 29-year-old postpartum woman after cesarean section who presented group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis. Furthermore, we discuss the GAS strain in this patient and its relation with close contact among family members. The group A streptococci (GAS) were isolated from the patient's retroperitoneal fluid and from her husband's throat swab, respectively. Both isolates were shown to be identical: M type 1. It is well known that exotoxin A produced by M1 or M3 serotypes of the organisms plays a crucial role in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). We conclude that in this patient, close contacts of persons with GAS appear to be at risk for colonization with identical strains of STSS-causing GAS such as M1 or M3 serotypes. Therefore, the appropriate antibiotic including antibiotic prophylaxis for close contact should be considered.

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Shepherd, Amy B., April L. Palmer, Steven A. Bigler, and Radhakrishna Baliga. "Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus." Pediatric Nephrology 18, no. 9 (2003): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-003-1191-4.

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