Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Betalactamasa'
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García, Fernández Aurora. "Caracterització de l'entorn genètic de la Betalactamasa CTX-M-9." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3894.
Full textRodríguez, Navarro Judith. "Diversidad plasmídica en cepas de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae: Comparación entre aislados comensales y clínicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671304.
Full textLos plásmidos son moléculas de ADN circular extracromosómicas con capacidad de replicación autónoma y, se describen como principales promotores de la diseminación de genes de resistencia a antimicrobianos. Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae, son frecuentes agentes causales de infecciones, importantes por su carácter multirresistente. En estas bacterias, las betalactamasas constituyen uno de los mecanismos de resistencia más difundidos mediante plásmidos. Mediante el estudio y comparación del contenido plasmídico en bacterias de individuos sanos y de pacientes, el objetivo fue determinar las diferencias o similitudes de estos plásmidos entre ambas poblaciones, con el fin de inferir en su origen y evolución en las cepas causantes de infección. Para ello, se aislaron cepas de E. coli (n=244) y K. pneumoniae (n=115) de 150 muestras fecales de individuos sanos y de 202 pacientes con bacteriemia. Se realizó un estudio de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos mediante disco difusión, se identificaron las cepas multirresistentes y se caracterizó, por PCR y secuenciación, los genes codificantes de BLEE, AmpC y carbapenemasas. El estudio de plásmidos se realizó utilizando la técnica de PBRT y, se subtipificaron los plásmidos IncF, IncI1 e IncN mediante pMLST para su diferenciación dentro de un mismo grupo de incompatibilidad. La localización de los genes de resistencia y la definición de la fórmula FAB de los plásmidos IncF, se realizó mediante la técnica de Southern-blot e hibridación. Un 29,2% de las cepas de muestra clínica frente a un 10,8% en individuos sanos resultaron multirresistentes. La prevalencia de cepas de E. coli clínicas productoras de BLEE fue de 17,2% y 5% de AmpC y, en K. pneumoniae, de 16,5% y 1%, respectivamente, además de un 1,9% de carbapenemasas. Por otro lado, se observó una prevalencia del 4,7% de portadores sanos de E. coli productoras de BLEE y un 2,7% de AmpC. Ambas poblaciones han sufrido un aumento en la detección de cepas productoras de estas enzimas siendo también, en ambos casos, la CTX-M-15 y la CMY-2 las betalactamasas más frecuentes. Los resultados del PBRT mostraron como el contenido plasmídico de ambas poblaciones seguía una misma tendencia sin diferencias significativas destacables. La excepción se observó en los replicones L, M, A/C y N, los cuales solo se detectaron en las cepas de muestra clínica. Además, algunos de estos plásmidos con replicón L o N fueron detectados en asociación a genes blaBLEE. La subtipificación de los plásmidos, nos permitió observar cómo dentro de un mismo grupo de incompatibilidad existe una gran diversidad de secuenciotipos. Dentro de los plásmidos IncI1 se observó una gran diferencia entre los ST identificados en las cepas de individuos sanos y pacientes. Solo los ST12 y ST36 se identificaron en ambas poblaciones de E. coli, y todos los ST12 en asociación con el gen blaCMY-2. Por el contrario, a pesar de que también se detectó una gran diversidad de RST entre los plásmidos IncF, aquellos detectados con mayor frecuencia, estuvieron presentes en ambas poblaciones y, no se identificó ninguna fórmula FAB destacable por su asociación a genes bla. En conclusión, el contenido plasmídico en la población de cepas clínicas es un reflejo del contenido en cepas de individuos sanos, pero hay ciertos plásmidos, que solo se detectan en cepas causantes de infección, sugiriendo una mejor adaptación a ambientes sometidos a presión selectiva. Secuenciotipos IncI1 como el ST12 pueden ser considerados plásmidos epidémicos por su alta prevalencia y frecuencia en asociación con genes blaCMY-2. En cambio, los plásmidos IncF parecen haber adquirido distintos genes de resistencia a antimicrobianos de forma aleatoria, sin ningún RST destacable por ello; sugiriendo que toda la familia de plásmidos IncF es potencialmente susceptible a adquirir y diseminar genes de resistencia.
Plasmids are extracromosomal circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously. They are globally described as primary promoters for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been described as critical propriety microorganisms due to their increasing detection as multiresistant bacteria. In these bacteria, beta-lactamases constitute one of the most disseminated resistance-providing mechanisms through plasmids. Through the study and comparison of the plasmid content in the commensal microbiota from healthy individuals and patients with bacteriemia, the aim was to determine the differences and similarities of the plasmid content between these two populations, with the purpose to shed light on the origin and evolution of bacteria-causing infection. To achieve that goal, E. coli (n=244) and K. pneumoniae (n=115) strains from 150 faecal samples from healthy individuals and 202 patients with bacteraemia where isolated. An antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed through the disc diffusion technique, the multiresistant strains were identified and, the blaESBL, blaAmpC and blacarbapenemase genes were characterised by PCR and sequencing approaches. The plasmid study was performed by using the PBRT technique. Plasmids IncF, Incl1 and IncN plasmids, were subtyped by pMLST, to differentiate each of them within the same incompatibility group. The location of the resistance genes was performed by using the Southern blot and hybridisation techniques. The same methodology was used to generate the FAB formula of the IncF plasmids. From the clinical samples, 29.2% of the strains turned out to be multiresistant against 10.8% from healthy individuals. The prevalence of clinical ESBL-producing and AmpC-producing E. coli strains was 17.2% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence of clinical ESBL-producing, AmpC-producing and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains was 16.5%, 1% and 1.9%, respectively. Furthermore, 4.7% of the healthy individuals were carriers of ESBL-producing E. coli and 2.7% were carriers of AmpC-producing E. coli. Both populations have suffered an increased detection of strains that produce those enzymes and, in both cases, the beta-lactamases CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 were the most frequent. The PBRT results showed how the plasmid content in both populations kept the same trend without significant differences. The exception was observed in the replicons L, M, A/C and N, which were only detected in strains from clinical samples. What is more, some of these plasmids with L or N repliclon were detected in association with blaESBL genes. The plasmid subtyping, allowed us to observe a great diversity of sequence types (ST) within the same group of incompatibility. Within the Incl1-plasmids, a huge difference between the identified ST in healthy individuals and patient strains was observed. Only ST12 and ST36 were identified in both populations of E. coli. Noticeably, all the ST12 were found in association with the blaCMY-2 gene. In contrast, even though a great diversity of RSTs was detected within the IncF plasmids, those detected at higher rates were present in both populations. Furthermore, no formula was distinguishable by its association with bla genes. In conclusion, the replicon content of clinical strains mirrored that of comensal strains. Nevertheless, there are certain plasmids only detected in infection-causing strains, suggesting a better adaptation to an enviroment subjected to selective presure. IncI1 sequencetypes such as ST12 can be considered epidemic plasmids due to their high prevalence and frequency in association with blaCMY-2. On the other hand, the IncF plasmids have acquired multiple antimicrobial resistace genes randomly, with no evidence that the persitance of a single IncF is responsible for their dissemination. Therfore, the entire IncF family of plasmids is potentially capable of acquiring and propagating resitance genes.
Ruiz, Paredes José Ivan. "Factores clínicos y epidemiológicos asociados a infecciones del tracto urinario por bacterias betalactamasa de espectro extendido, hospital san josé 2014-2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/900.
Full textAlonso, Louro Noemí. "Caracterización molecular de los genes blaAmpC cromosómicos y adquiridos en aislados clínicos de Escherichia coli en el área de Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285112.
Full textEscherichia coli has a chromosomal blaAmpC gene that is expressed constitutively at low level due to the presence of a weak promoter and an attenuator. Under these conditions, this gene does not confer resistance to beta-lactams. However, this chromosomal gene may be overproduced due to mutations in the promoter/attenuator region (cAmpC). Additionally, E. coli may also acquire blaAmpC genes (aAmpC), namely CMY, DHA, ACC, FOX, MOX, ACT, MIR, LAT and CFE. Both mechanisms (cAmpC and aAmpC) confer resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins and aztreonam. In contrast to the range of phenotypic methods available for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), no standardized methods are available to detect AmpC beta-lactamases. There is a paucity of reports on the epidemiology and clinical features associated with infections caused by AmpC-producing E. coli. Furthermore, these isolates frequently present co-resistance to other families of antibiotics, converting treatment of these infections into a clinical challenge. A multicentric study was performed to analyse E. coli isolates with a resistance pattern compatible with the production of AmpC. Isolates were obtained from Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa and Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain) between June 2010 and November 2011. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of AmpC-producing E. coli isolates; 2), to identify acquired blaAmpC genes and the mutations involved in the overproduction of the chromosomal blaAmpC gene; and 3) to describe the population structure and patterns of resistance. A total of 240 strains were analysed. Of these, 75% were aAmpC-carriers and the remaining were cAmpC-overproducers. CMY-2 was the predominant enzyme, followed by DHA-1. Most cAmpC-overproducers had mutations that yielded an alternate displaced promoter and caused an increase of blaAmpC expression (average increase of expression 72.5). Two other different mutational patterns were found: a modified spacer region in the promoter and a modified attenuator (the average increase of expression was 19.9 and 5.8, respectively). Analysis of the phylogenetic groups allowed to gain knowledge of the population structure. Of all aAmpC isolates, 60% belonged to the phylogenetic groups B2, D, E and F. Among cAmpC overproducers, 82% of the isolates bearing a displaced promoter belonged to groups A, B1 and C. All the isolates with modified attenuator regions and 67% of the isolates with modified spacer regions belonged to groups B2, D, E and F. As it happens in ESBL-carrying strains, the plasmids carrying blaAmpC genes may also carry other genes, conferring resistance to other families of antibiotics. In the present study, the percentage of resistance to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 79%, 62%, 57.5% and 44%, respectively. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants (PMQR) were detected in 30% of the aAmpC isolates and 11% of the cAmpC isolates. Among aAmpC isolates, the most predominant PMQR was qnrB4 (always in blaDHA-1 carriers), followed by aac(6’)-Ib-cr. Among cAmpC isolates, the predominant PMQR was aac(6’)-Ib-cr. The increase in the prevalence of these enzymes is due to the spread of genes through horizontal transfer. The analysis of plasmids showed that IncI1 and IncF were the main replicons involved. IncI1 and IncF were related to blaCMY-2 and blaDHA-1, respectively. The pMLST analysis of plasmids revealed a large genetic variability. IncI1/ST12 was the predominant sequence type. Other sequence types belonging to the same incompatibility group were IncI1/ST26, IncI1/ST55, IncI1/ST94 and IncI1/ST134, the latter being first described in this study. Regarding IncF, each plasmid corresponded to a different sequence type.
BARAILLES, FREDERIC-CHARLES. "Apport de la cinetique de bactericidie au traitement antibiotique des enterobacteries productrices de beta-lactamases a spectre elargi." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M352.
Full textPORCHER, THIERRY. "Resistance des enterobacteries secretrices de betalactamase a spectre elargi au sulbactam : comparaison de deux methodes de determination au laboratoire." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20909.
Full textFERRARI, PANAIN PATRICIA. "Epidemiologie des beta-lactamases a spectre elargi au c. H. R. De nice : approche biochimique et moleculaire." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE6568.
Full textBermudes-Lavalle, Hélène. "Beta-lactamases derivees de tem et de shv : epidemiologie moleculaire et caracterisation moleculaire de beta-lactamases, a spectre elargi ou resistantes aux inhibiteurs (doctorat : microbiologie)." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA114810.
Full textMALAURE, ODENT HELENE. "Les betalactamase a spectre elargi aux cephalosporines de troisieme generation chez les enterobacteries." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13825.
Full textZhou, Xiang Yang. "Inhibiteurs de bêta-lactamases : interaction avec des céphalosporinases et description d'enzymes de type TEM devenues résistantes à leurs activités inhibitrices." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114837.
Full textBonnet, Richard. "Beta-lactamases de classe a chez les enterobacteriaceae : caracterisation de variants de tem et de deux nouveaux types enzymatiques ctx-m-8 et bes-1 (doctorat : microbiologie)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1MM12.
Full textBERBINEAU, OLIVIER LAURENCE. "Beta-lactamases et resistance a l'imipeneme chez pseudomonas aeruginosa." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3049.
Full textMugnier, Pierre. "Beta-lactamases a spectre etendu chez psuedomonas aeruginosa." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114848.
Full textVedel, Gérard. "Comparaison structurale des beta-lactamases de bacilles a gram negatif par electrophorese en gradient de ph (courbe de titrage) : interet pour leur classification." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11P613.
Full textSotto, Albert. "Mise au point d'un dosage enzymatique de l'activite inhibitrice des inhibiteurs de beta-lactamases : etude in vitro et applications pharmacocinetiques seriques chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22957.
Full textMESSMER, NATHALIE. "Association ampicilline/sulbactam." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR15056.
Full textROUBY, DANIEL. "Etude des facteurs de risque dans les infections a klebsiella pneumoniae multiresistantes : enquete cas-temoins dans un service de reanimation polyvalente." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13041.
Full textLASCAZAS, DE SAINT MARTIN ETIENNE. "Infections urinaires recidivantes du sujet age : etude d'un nouvel antibiotique le 2085 p." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31245.
Full textCaroff, Nathalie. "Resistance aux beta-lactamines chez escherichia coli : investigation epidemiologique, bacteriologique et genetique de la resistance par hyperproduction de la cephalosporinase ampc (doctorat : bacteriologie)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT09VS.
Full textMarin, Canica Maria Manuela. "Evolution des beta-lactamases tem et resistance aux inhibiteurs des beta-lactamases chez escherichia coli." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114859.
Full textFOURQUET, CATHERINE, and MARTINE ROPERT. "Etude de la sensibilite aux antibiotiques dont les beta-lactamines et etude de la production de beta-lactamases chez les especes pseudomonas putida et pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M184.
Full textBerrouane, Yasmina. "Etude de la bactericidie de beta-lactamines, aminoside et fluoroquinolone seuls ou associes sur des souches de klebsiella pneumoniae productrices de beta-lactamases a spectre elargi." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M303.
Full textRocha, Darlan Augusto da Costa. "Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de betalactamases do tipo AmpC plasmidial em Escherichia coli." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-26062014-145930/.
Full textIntroduction: AmpC enzymes can degrade cephalosporins and cephamycins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid, sulbactam or tazobactam. They can be encoded by genes of plasmid or chromosomal location. Detecting these enzymes is epidemiologically important because their expression and concomitant porins loss in Enterobacteriaceae can lead to resistance to carbapenems, antimicrobials widely used to treat serious infections. Reports of detection of plasmidial AmpCs in Brazil are scarce, but the analysis of the susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of urinary tract infection in patients attended in a private laboratory, located at the city of São Paulo, from 2006 to 2010 indicated a considerable increase in cefoxitin resistance, a marker for plasmidial AmpC expression. In 2006 the rate was 0.03% and in 2011 it was 0.65%. One hypothesis for this increase was the spread of clones or genes encoding AmpC transferred into plasmids. Objective: To characterize the genetic determinants in E. coli presenting a phenotype consistent with plasmidial AmpC production. Material and Methods: We studied all E. coli not susceptible to cefoxitin isolated in urine cultures at Fleury Medicine and Health, in São Paulo, during the period from January 2nd to February 1st 2012. The isolates were phenotypically evaluated for purity, species identification and enzymatic blockage with cefoxitin and ceftazidime disks with added phenylboronic acid. The presence of genes encoding plasmidial AmpCs was evaluated using two different PCR methods. Sequencing of the genes detected was obtained. The performance of the enzymatic blockage with phenylboronic acid was determined using PCR as a gold standard. The plasmid profile and clonality were evaluated respectively by alkaline lysis and ERIC-PCR. Results and conclusions: Among 2,494 E. coli isolates, 12 had genes encoding for plasmidial AmpC; consequently the frequency of plasmidial AmpC in E. coli was 1.8% in inpatients and 0.46% in outpatients. Sequencing of the genes encoding plasmidial AmpCs showed them to be blaCMY-2 and just one blaCMY-4. The better performance of the phenotypic test was obtained when at least 5 mm inhibition zone difference was observed between the disc of cefoxitin and ceftazidime with added phenylboronic acid. With these parameters the sensitivity was 100%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 100%. The presence and the dissemination of three clonal groups of CMY producing E. coli was observed among hospitals located at the city of São Paulo
LABAU, ERIC. "Resistance transferable aux cephalosporines de troisieme generation chez klebsiella pneumoniae au chu de toulouse-rangueil." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31701.
Full textBoyer, Mariotte Sophie. "Caractérisation d'une beta-lactamase hydrolysant l'imipénème chez entérobacter sp." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114839.
Full textROGIER, JEAN. "De l'interet des associations betalactamines-inhibiteurs de betalactamases a partir d'une enquete epidemiologique sur le versant nord-est de la banlieue lilloise." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2P002.
Full textCharrel, Rémi. "Une epidemie intra-hospitaliere a klebsiella pneumoniae presentant une resistance aux antibiotiques par beta-lactamases a spectre elargi." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20903.
Full textHuamán, Cárdenas Víctor Raúl. "Detección fenotípica de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido aisladas en urocultivos de gestantes. Lima, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5455.
Full textTesis
Aliaga, Almedo Roxana Rebeca. "Caracterización de las betalactamasas de espectro extendido y cefamicinasas en enterobacterias aisladas entre 1997 y 1999 en Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3848.
Full textDe 1997 a 1999 se han obtenido en el Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 13800 cepas de enterobacterias, entre las cuales se identificaron y caracterizaron las portadoras de BLEAs y cefamicinasas. Después de una primera selección, en función al patrón de resistencia por la técnica de disco difusión y la posterior caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de las b-lactamasas, fueron identificadas 35 cepas de Escherichia coli (0.45% de las cepas aisladas de esta especie bacteriana); 9 de Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.83%); 2 cepas de Salmonella enterica (0.11%); y una de Proteus mirabilis (0.11%) portadoras de las enzimas investigadas. Además del patrón de resistencia, la caracterización incluyó ensayos de sinergia, biotipado, punto isoeléctrico e identificación del gen respectivo mediante PCR.
Las b-lactamasas de espectro extendido en E. coli han sido CTX-M-9 (27 cepas); SHV-2 (6 cepas); TEM-10 (1 cepa) y TEM-12 (1 cepa). CTX-M-9, actualmente predominante, ha aumentado su incidencia cinco veces (0.45%) respecto al trienio anterior (0.08% en 1994-1996). Por otra parte, se ha observado por primera vez en el ámbito de nuestro hospital, la presencia de cefamicinasas plasmídicas tipo CMY-2 en una cepa de cada una de las siguientes especies Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica y Proteus mirabilis.
Respecto a las características de los pacientes y naturaleza de la infección, en el 73% de los casos la infección estaba localizada a nivel del tracto urinario y en el 61% de los casos, el paciente era mayor de 60 años; el 80% de los pacientes fue de sexo femenino y la enfermedad de base predominante fue la neoplasia sólida.
Como dato relevante para efectos de vigilancia epidemiológica, se constata que la incidencia de b-lactamasas de espectro extendido y cefamicinasas plasmídicas en el ámbito de nuestro hospital aunque es pequeña ha aumentado tres veces (0.48%) respecto al trienio anterior (0.14%), no evidenciándose en ningún caso la presencia de brotes epidémicos intrahospitalarios.
Factors as high incidence of infectious diseases, the enterobacterias as infectious agent and the development of antibiotic frecuence of resistant strains, meets in one of the bigger problems of the actual medicine: the multiresistance. These Thesis deals about specific problem of carrier strains of extended spectrum b-lactamases (BLEAs) and cephamcynases, in the scope of the population attended in the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.
In this hospital, from 1997 to 1999, 13,800 isolates of enterobacterias were obtained. In these, were identified and characterized the carrier of BLEAs and cephamycinases. After a first selection, using diffusion disk technique in function to its pattern resistance, and continuing with genotypic and phenotypic characterization of BLEA, were identified the following strains: 35 strains of E. coli (0.45% of the E. coli isolates); 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.83%); 2 Salmonella enterica (0.11%); and one of Proteus mirabilis (0.11%). Characterization includes assays of sinergy, biotyping, pI and identification of the respective gene using PCR.
In E. coli the BLEAs were CTX-M-9 (27 isolates), SHV-2 (6 isolates); TEM-10 (1 isolate); and TEM-12 (1 isolate). Actual predominance of CTX-M-9 has increased its incidence five fold (0.45%) in respect of the period 1994-1996 (0.08%). In our hospital, the presence of plasmidic cephamycinase CMY-2 in one isolated of the following species Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica and Proteus mirabilis, were by first time observed.
In relation to the patients characteristics and the origin of infections, 73% of cases were localized in the urinary tract; while in 61% of the cases, the patients were older than 60, 80% were female and the predisposing base prevalent disease was solid neoplasia.
As a relevant data, in order to the epidemiological alert, deserves mention that BLEAs incidences and plasmidic cephamycinases were increased three folded (0.48%) respect to past period (0.14%). There were no evidences in any case of the intrahospitalary epidemic outbreak.
Fouch, Sarah. "Molecular epidemiological study of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria from teaching and district general hospitals within Hampshire." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/molecular-epidemiological-study-of-extended-spectrum-betalactamase-esbl-producing-bacteria-from-teaching-and-district-general-hospitals-within-hampshire(91ee5f97-3a22-4c78-9e5a-49dde0d0deab).html.
Full textMatta, Chuquisapon Jose Fernando. "Frecuencia de genes fimH y afa en Escherichia coli productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido aisladas de urocultivos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9534.
Full textTesis
bret, Laurent. "Evolution de la resistance enzymatique aux beta-lactamines chez proteus mirabilis et escherichia coli (doctorat : microbiologie)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF1MM09.
Full textChaibi, El Bachir. "Relations structure-activite de beta-lactamases de type tem isolees de souches cliniques d'escherichia coli." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA114819.
Full textCuentas, Lizárraga Roberto Josué. "Factores de riesgo asociados a infecciones por bacterias productoras de betalactamasas en pacientes cirróticos, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, 2011." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12664.
Full textIdentifica los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de infecciones por bacterias productoras de Betalactamasas de espectro extendido en pacientes con cirrosis hepática hospitalizados en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martíns – EsSalud. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles. Nuestro estudio estuvo conformado por 21 pacientes cirróticos que presentaron infección por bacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (casos), y por 25 pacientes cirróticos sin infección por este grupo de bacterias betalactamasas de espectro extendido (controles) en el periodo comprendido de Enero a Diciembre 2011. Los pacientes cirróticos que presentar con infección por bacterias productoras de betalactamasas se caracterizaron por: Ser del sexo masculino (66.7%), provenir de emergencia (57.1%), presentar cirrosis de origen metabólico (61.9%), tener el antecedente de hemorragia digestiva alta (28.6%), presentar fiebre (52.4%), con leucocitos mayor de 12000(47.6%), con anemia moderada(71.4%), con bilirrubinas mayor de 3mg%(52.4%), albumina menor de 2.8(71.4%), con hiponatremia entre 125 a 135 Meq/L en el 52.4%;a los cuales se les insertó sonda(52.4%), con ITU(33.3%), cuyo germen BLEE fue la E. Coli en el 81% de los casos. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de infecciones por bacterias productoras de Betalactamasas de espectro extendido en pacientes con cirrosis hepática hospitalizados en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martíns – EsSalud fueron la cirrosis alcohólica, diabetes mellitus, hipoalbuminemia, e inserción de catéteres (P<0.05).
Trabajo académico
Bourgarel, Marie-Madeleine. "Les céphalosporines de troisième génération : généralités, rappel des mécanismes de résistance : étude de l'évolution de la résistance parrallèlement à la consommation de ces antibiotiques." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P009.
Full textTanabe, Rodrigo Hideki Souza. "Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de isolados de Escherichia coli uropatogênica provenientes de pacientes no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192525.
Full textResumo: Escherichia coli uropatogênica (UPEC) causa a maioria das infecções do trato urinário (ITU), incluindo cistite e pielonefrite, no hospedeiro humano. A UPEC utiliza numerosos fatores de virulência para entrar, aderir, colonizar, adquirir nutrientes essenciais, multiplicar e causar danos ao ambiente do trato urinário. Estudos recentes demonstraram que alguns isolados de UPEC carregam fatores de virulência associados à patótipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli (DEC), como EAEC (E. coli enteroagregativa) e EPEC (E. coli enteropatogênica). Uma grande preocupação nas infecções por UPEC é o aumento da resistência antimicrobiana, levando à falha do tratamento em algumas ITUs causadas por esse patógeno. Nesse estudo, um total de 118 isolados de UPEC de amostras ambulatoriais de urina de pacientes atendidos no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de medicina de Botucatu entre março e maio de 2018. Reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi usada para detectar 29 genes que codificam fatores de virulência, bem como marcadores de DEC (escN, stx1/2, aatA e aggR); além de genes que codificam adesinas e toxinas associadas ao patótipo EAEC. Os isolados de UPEC foram designados nos diferentes filogrupos de E. coli, utilizando um PCR quadruplex; e a determinação do perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de disco difusão. Entre os isolados estudados, 39,8% foram atribuídos ao filogrupo B2, enquanto UPEC dos filogrupos B1 (14,4%), A (14,4%), D (12,7%), F (8,5%), G (3,4%), E ( ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause the majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, in the human host. UPEC utilizes numerous virulence factors to entry, adhere, colonize, acquire essential nutrients, multiply and cause damage in the urinary tract environment. Recent studies have shown that some UPEC isolates carry virulence factors associated with the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes, such as EAEC (enteroaggregative E. coli) and EPEC (enteropathogenic E. coli). A major concern in UPEC infections is the constant increasing of antimicrobial resistance, thus leading to treatment failure in some UTIs caused by this pathogen. In this study a total of 118 UPEC isolates were obtained from outpatient urine samples, attended at University Hospital of Botucatu Medical School between March and May of 2018. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect 29 virulence factor-encoding genes, diarhoeagenic E. coli markers, (escN, stx1/2, aatA and aggR), as well as genes encoding adhesins and toxins associated with the EAEC pathotype. The UPEC isolates were assigned in the distinct E. coli phylogroups, using a quadruplex PCR; and the determination of the antimicrobial resistance profile was performed using the diskdiffusion method. Among the isolates studied, 39.8% were assigned to phylogroup B2, while UPEC isolates from other phylogroups were detected as follows: B1 (14,4%), A (14,4%), D (12,7%), F (8,5%), G (3,4%), E ( 2,5%), E. cla... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Demarquilly-Henquell, Cécile. "Résistance des entérobactéries aux béta-lactamines : résistance des Enterobacter aerogenes aux carbapénèmes, résistance des Escherichia coli aux associations de béta-lactamines et inhibiteurs de béta-lactamases." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF1MM04.
Full textToribio, Arias Lesdyth Jessica. "Resistencia a quinolonas por genes qnr y aac(6')-lb-cr en aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9094.
Full textDetermina los genes qnr en aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. El estudio es de tipo transversal, descriptivo y prospectivo. El presente trabajo se realizó en el Laboratorio de Epidemiologia Molecular y Genética (LEMYG) del Instituto de Medicina Tropical de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) Lima- Perú. La población fue Aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias productoras de BLEE del cepario obtenido del proyecto N° 3300066 anexo 3201, realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN) durante el 2012. Los aislamientos de enterobacterias fueron sembrados en medio Agar Tripticasa de Soya y Mac Conkey, para posteriormente realizar el estudio fenotípico de sensibilidad a quinolonas por el método de Kirby Bauer, también se obtuvo ADN bacteriano, el mismo que se almacenó a -20 °C para el estudio de PCR en el LEMYG. Los resultados obtenidos son que se trabajó con un total de 138 aislamientos que cumplían con los criterios de selección requeridos, se halló una frecuencia de qnrB de 44%, qnrS de 56% y ningún gen qnrA. Se concluye que la frecuencia de los genes qnr en enterobacterias que poseen betalactamasas de espectro extendido es de 62%.
Tesis
Paredes, Gago Rolando. "Prevalencia de enterobacteriáceas productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (Blee) en la clínica Good Hope durante el periodo marzo – agosto del 2012." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3497.
Full textTesis
Diestra, Villanueva Karol. "Caracterización del entorno genético de genes blaBLEE y plásmidos asociados en cepas circulantes de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae en España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32070.
Full textExtended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), described frequently in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae confer resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. ESBL are a heterogeneous group of enzymes that were initially described in hospital outbreaks of K. pneumoniae, and derivates of the SHV-1 and TEM-1 were the most common. In recent years, detection of the the CTX-M type has become more frequent. The spread of ESBL in bacteria of the same or different species has been associated with genetic elements such as insertion sequences, transposons and plasmids. The increase in the prevalence of ESBL-producing microorganisms has been reported by several authors, both in Spain and internationally. For this reason, the Spanish Network for Research on Infectious Pathology (REIPI) recognized the need for a multicenter study. Based on the findings, it was possible to identify and update the progress and the type of ESBL in E. coli and K. pneumoniae in several Spanish hospitals. Furthermore, molecular studies ruled out the possible clonal spread of ESBL-producing microorganisms. The present study was conducted as Project No. 3 (Clinical epidemiology and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing enterobacteria) of the REIPI. It involved four centers: Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, National Center for Microbiology and Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. A total of 92 strains of E. coli and 32 K. pneumoniae isolated from 11 Spanish hospitals in 2004 were analyzed. The clonal relationship between strains was ruled out by genomic studies comparing the XbaI-PFGE patterns. The ESBL were characterized by isoelectric focusing, PCR and sequencing. E. coli showed a high clonal diversity in the restriction patterns obtained by PFGE, and a predominance of the enzymes CTX-M-14 (45.7%), CTX-M-9 (20.6%) and SHV-12 (21.7%), whereas K. pneumoniae had a lower clonal diversity with a predominance of the enzymes CTX-M type (62.5%) involving CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, CTXM- 14 and CTX-M-15. We then studied the genetic environments and plasmid profiles of 58 strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae and determined the incompatibility group of plasmids by rep typing, S1 enzyme digestion, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, southern-blot and hybridization with specific probes for each incompatibility group. As a result there was a large variability of plasmids containing blaESBL genes associated with different genetic environments. The gene with the greatest plasmid variability was blaCTX-M-9, associated to Inc groups I1, HI2, FIB and K. The blaSHV-12 gene was found in plasmids of groups Inc I1, FII, K and HI2. However, blaCTX-M-14 was found only on IncK plasmids. In a third phase of the study, the National Microbiology Center in Spain performed the Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and determined the phylogenetic groups of strains of E. coli to determine the possible association between ST, phylogenetic groups and ESBL. A wide variety of MLST were detected, and the most common patterns were ST131 and ST10 and ST23 complexes. In addition, strains of E. coli ST131 carried a variety of betalactamase (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-10, CTX-M-14, SHV-12 and CTX-M-1). Regarding the phylogenetic groups, we found that ST10 and ST23 complexes were linked to phylogenetic group A, whereas the pattern ST131 was related to the virulent extraintestinal group B2. In conclusion, this study identified a greater variety of ESBL than observed in the multicenter study of 2000. These ESBL were transported by genetic elements such as plasmids and insertion sequences which were very diverse within the group of strains studied. We did not detect an association between the different types of MLST, the filogenetic groups and the ESBL-producing E. coli.
SILVA, Danille Lima da. "Epidemiologia das infecções de corrente sanguínea por enterobactérias produtoras de betalactamase de espectro expandido: estudo caso-controle em Unidade Neonatal do Norte do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9192.
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Bacilos gram-negativos, em especial enterobactérias, estão entre os agentes mais comuns de sepse neonatal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar as infecções de corrente sanguínea (ICS) por enterobactérias produtoras de betalactamase de espectro expandido (ESBL) em pacientes internados em unidade neonatal da região norte do Brasil. Estudo retrospectivo, caso-controle de neonatos admitidos em unidade neonatal, entre 01 janeiro de 2007 e 31 de dezembro de 2011, com ICS tardia com hemoculturas positivas para Klebsiella sp., Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp. ou E. coli, isoladas, segundo os critérios do National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Foram identificados 153 neonatos com ICS por enterobactéria, dos quais 87 (56,8%) estavam infectados por enterobactéria produtora de ESBL, com incidência de 8,6 casos para cada 1000 recém-nascidos admitidos. Foram estudados 132 pacientes, divididos em casos (ESBL +) e controles (ESBL -), com 66 em cada (1:1). A maioria dos casos foi acometida nos primeiros dias de vida (34,8% vs. 9,1%, p=0,001), principalmente em 2007 (19,7%) e fez uso de dois antibióticos (59,1% vs. 33,3%, p=0,01). O grupo controle fez mais uso de cateter venoso central (62,1% vs. 45,4%, p= 0,037) e de nutrição parenteral (75,7% vs. 48,5%). A curva de distribuição de enterobactérias de acordo com a produção de ESBL evidenciou maior número de casos em 2007 e 2008 (56%), com uma maior chance de aquisição de enterobactéria ESBL (+) nestes anos (78% e 72%, respectivamente), e maior número de isolados ESBL negativo em 2010 e 2011 (72,7%). A evolução a óbito foi maior entre os casos (40,9% vs. 24,2%, p= 0,031) e a maioria morreu até 30 dias após o episódio de ICS (92,6% vs. 50,0%, p= 0,002). Na análise multivariada, a evolução a óbito por ESBL positivo permaneceu como variável independente (OR=3,47 IC 1,33 – 9,06). Concluiu-se que houve uma maior incidência de ICS por enterobactéria produtora de ESBL nos dois primeiros anos do estudo (2007 – 2008), com probabilidade de aquisição deste tipo de infecção de até 78%. A mortalidade neonatal foi elevada, sendo três vezes maior quando comparada a infecções por enterobactérias sensíveis. A mudança do perfil de resistência das enterobactérias, com redução do número de casos de infecção por ESBL ao longo do tempo foi resultado da implementação de medidas de controle de disseminação e seleção de resistência bacteriana na unidade neonatal, e coincidiu com a revisão dos protocolos assistenciais, como maior utilização de cateter central de inserção percutânea e protocolo de nutrição parenteral no período de 2010 e 2011.
Gram-negative bacilli, especially Enterobacteriacea, are frequently associated with neonatal sepsis. A retrospective case-control study was performed to study bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) enterobacteria in a neonatal unit the northern region of Brazil. This research was undertaken of all neonates admitted between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2011 to the neonatal care unit, who had late-onset sepsis with blood cultures positive for Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp. and Escherichia coli, performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria. There were 153 neonates with gram-negative septicaemia, 87 newborns were infected with ESBL-producing enterobacteria, with incidence of 8.63 cases per 1000 newborns admitted. These were studied 132 patients, divided in two groups, cases (ESBL +) and controls (ESBL -), of 66 each (1:1). Most cases were affected in the first days of life (34,8% vs. 9,1%, p=0,001), especially in 2007 (19,7%), and made use two antibiotics (59,1% vs. 33,3%, p=0,01). The control group made more use of central venous catheter (62,1% vs. 45,4%, p=0,037) and parenteral nutrition (75,7% vs. 48,5%, p=0,001). The distribution curve of enterobacteria in accordance with the production of ESBL throughout the study period showed a greater number of cases in 2007 and 2008 (56,05%), with a higher chance of acquiring ESBL-producing enterobacteria these years (78% e 72%, respectively), and a higher number of controls for 2010 and 2011 (72,7%). The evolution to more deaths occurred among the cases (40,9% vs. 24,2%, p=0,031) and the majority died within 30 days of the episode of ICS (92,6% vs. 50,0%, p=0,002). In multivariate analysis, the evolution to death by ESBL-producing remained as an independent variable (OR=3,47 IC 1,33 – 9,06). It was concluded that there was a higher incidence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria BSI for the first two years of the study (2007 - 2008), with probability of acquiring this type of infection of up to 78%. The neonatal mortality was high, being three times greater when compared to infections by non-ESBL-producing enterobacteria. The change of the resistance profile of BSI by enterobacteria, reducing the number of cases of ESBL over time was a result of the implementation of control measures for dissemination and selection of bacterial resistance in the neonatal unit, and coinciding with the revision of care protocols as increased use of PICC and parenteral nutrition protocol in the period from 2010 to 2011.
Cunha, Francisco AfrÃnio. "DetecÃÃo de betalactamases de espectro expandindo (ESBL) em cepas de coliformes isolados de hortaliÃas minimante comercializadas na cidade de Fortaleza -CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1525.
Full textHortaliÃas minimamente processadas (HMP) normalmente consistem de hortaliÃas frescas, cruas, lavadas, descascadas, cortadas, sanitizadas, centrifugadas, empacotadas e acondicionadas sob refrigeraÃÃo. HortaliÃas sÃo potenciais veÃculos de microrganismos que podem estar associadas à doenÃas transmitidas por alimentos. InÃmeras sÃo as causas para a presenÃa de elevada carga microbiana nesse tipo de produto, entre as quais estÃo: as tÃcnicas de cultivo, armazenamento, transporte e distribuiÃÃo para consumo, a prÃtica do uso de adubo orgÃnico, a utilizaÃÃo de Ãgua contaminada para rrigaÃÃo, o transporte realizado em engradados abertos e as condiÃÃes de higiene no manuseio e preparo de refeiÃÃes, principalmente quando tais alimentos sÃo consumidos crus. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a presenÃa de Enzimas Betalactamases de Espectro Expandido (ESBL) em cepas de Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de HMP comercializadas na cidade de Fortaleza e verificar se as hortaliÃas analisadas a atendem a RDC N 12 de 02 de janeiro de 2001, que rege o padrÃo microbiolÃgico dos alimentos no Brasil. Foram coletadas 80 amostras de HMP comercializadas em Fortaleza. As hortaliÃas estudadas foram: 8 amostras de acelga; 10 alface; 8 tomate cereja; 8 repolho roxo, repolho verde; 10 cenoura e vagem; 8 cenoura ralada; 10 cenoura ralada, repolho verde e repolho roxo; 10 saladas; 8 coentro, cebola e salsa picados. As anÃlises foram realizadas de abril de 2006 a maio de 2007. As contagens de microrganismos aerÃbios mesÃfilos variaram de 5,60 a 13,35 log UFC/ g de HMP. As contagens de bolores e leveduras variaram de 5,54 a 9,88 log UFC/ g de HMP. A contagem de coliformes totais e coliformes a 45ÂC foram bastante elevadas. O principal bolor isolado e identificado foi o enicillium spp. Todas as amostras de acelga, cenoura ralada, cenoura e vagem, cenoura ralada, repolho roxo e repolho verde, coentro e salsa picados encontravam-se imprÃprias para o consumo, pois apresentaram quantidades superiores a 100 coliformesa 45ÂC/g de amostra. Das amostras de alface 50% apresentavam contagem decoliformes a 45ÂC acima do permitido peÃa legislaÃÃo. Dos tomates cereja analisados 75% estavam dentro padrÃes microbiolÃgicos exigidos pela legislaÃÃo brasileira, para coliforme a 45ÂC. Das amostras de repolho roxo, repolho verde 87% estavam com contagem de coliformes acima do permitido. Das amostras de salada 80% estavam fora dos padrÃes. NÃo foram detectadas Salmonellas nas amostras de HMP analisadas. As principais cepas de Enterobacteriaceae isoladas foram E. coli, K. pneumoniae e E. aerogenes. Todas as cepas de K. pneumoniae e E. aerogenes foram resistentes à ampicilina. Foram detectadas cepas de E. coli, K pneumoniae e E aerogenes com multiresistÃncia aos antibiÃticos testados. NÃo foi observada resistÃncia a ciprofloxacina, ceftazidima e imipenem. NÃo foram detectadas amostras de enterobactÃrias produtoras de ESBL. NÃo foram identificadas cepas de E. coli O15:H7 entre as cepas de E. coli isoladas de HMP. As condiÃÃes higiÃnico-sanitÃrias desses produtos podem ser melhoradas com a aplicaÃÃo de Boas PrÃticas em toda a cadeia produtiva.
Minimally processed vegetables (MPV) normally consist of fresh raw vegetables, washed, peeled, cut, disinfected, centrifugal dryed packed and kept under refrigeration. Vegetables are potential vehicle of microorganisms that can be associated to the outbreaks of foodborne. Countless are the causes for the presence high microbial load in that product type, among which are: the cultivation techniques, storage, transport and distribution for consumption, the practice of the use of organic fertilizer, the use of polluted water for irrigation, the transport accomplished in open crates and the hygiene conditions in the handling and preparation of meals, mainly when such foods are consumed raw. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of extendedspectrum β-betalactamases (ESBL) in strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated of MPV marketed in the city of Fortaleza and to verify if the analyzed vegetables assists the Brazilian Food Sanitation Standard, RDC NÂ 12, 02 of january 2001. 80 samples of MPV were collected marketed in Fortaleza. Were collected vegetables studied: 8 samples beet; 10 lettuce; 8 of cherry-colored tomato; 8 purple cabbage, green cabbage; 10 carrot and green bean; 8 grated carrot; 10 grated carrot, green cabbage and purple cabbage; 10 salads; 8 cilantro, onion and parsley pricked. The analyses were accomplished of april from 2006 to may of 2007. The countings of mesophiles aerobic, varied from 5,60 to 13,35 log UFC / g of MPV. The countings of moulds and yeasts, varied from 5,54 to 9,88 log UFC / g MPV. The counting of total coliforms and fecal coliforms were quite high. The main isolated and identified mold was the Penicillium spp. All of the beet samples, grated carrot, carrot and green bean, grated carrot, purple cabbage and green cabbage, cilantro and parsley pricked met inappropriate for the consumption, because they presented amounts superior of 100 fecal coliforms / g samples. Of the samples of lettuce 50% they presented fecal coliforms counting above legislation. Of the tomatoes cherry analyzed 75% were inside patterns of the Brazilian legislation, for fecal coliforms. Of the samples of purple cabbage, green cabbage 87% were with fecal coliforms counting above. Of the samples of salad 80% were out of the patterns. Salmonellas were not detected in the samples of MPV analyzed. The main isolated Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes. All of the strains of K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes were resistant to the ampicillin. Strains of E. coli, K pneumoniae and E. aerogenes with multidrug resistance were detected. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem was not observed. Enterobacteriaceae samples producing of ESBL were not detected. Were not identified strains of E. coli O15:H7 among the strains of E. coli isolated of MPV. The hygienicsanitary conditions of those products can be improved with the application of Good Practices in the whole productive chain.
Cunha, Francisco Afrânio. "Detecção de betalactamases de espectro expandindo (ESBL) em cepas de coliformes isolados de hortaliças minimante comercializadas na cidade de Fortaleza -CE." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17463.
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Minimally processed vegetables (MPV) normally consist of fresh raw vegetables, washed, peeled, cut, disinfected, centrifugal dryed packed and kept under refrigeration. Vegetables are potential vehicle of microorganisms that can be associated to the outbreaks of foodborne. Countless are the causes for the presence high microbial load in that product type, among which are: the cultivation techniques, storage, transport and distribution for consumption, the practice of the use of organic fertilizer, the use of polluted water for irrigation, the transport accomplished in open crates and the hygiene conditions in the handling and preparation of meals, mainly when such foods are consumed raw. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of extendedspectrum β-betalactamases (ESBL) in strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated of MPV marketed in the city of Fortaleza and to verify if the analyzed vegetables assists the Brazilian Food Sanitation Standard, RDC N° 12, 02 of january 2001. 80 samples of MPV were collected marketed in Fortaleza. Were collected vegetables studied: 8 samples beet; 10 lettuce; 8 of cherry-colored tomato; 8 purple cabbage, green cabbage; 10 carrot and green bean; 8 grated carrot; 10 grated carrot, green cabbage and purple cabbage; 10 salads; 8 cilantro, onion and parsley pricked. The analyses were accomplished of april from 2006 to may of 2007. The countings of mesophiles aerobic, varied from 5,60 to 13,35 log UFC / g of MPV. The countings of moulds and yeasts, varied from 5,54 to 9,88 log UFC / g MPV. The counting of total coliforms and fecal coliforms were quite high. The main isolated and identified mold was the Penicillium spp. All of the beet samples, grated carrot, carrot and green bean, grated carrot, purple cabbage and green cabbage, cilantro and parsley pricked met inappropriate for the consumption, because they presented amounts superior of 100 fecal coliforms / g samples. Of the samples of lettuce 50% they presented fecal coliforms counting above legislation. Of the tomatoes cherry analyzed 75% were inside patterns of the Brazilian legislation, for fecal coliforms. Of the samples of purple cabbage, green cabbage 87% were with fecal coliforms counting above. Of the samples of salad 80% were out of the patterns. Salmonellas were not detected in the samples of MPV analyzed. The main isolated Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes. All of the strains of K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes were resistant to the ampicillin. Strains of E. coli, K pneumoniae and E. aerogenes with multidrug resistance were detected. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem was not observed. Enterobacteriaceae samples producing of ESBL were not detected. Were not identified strains of E. coli O15:H7 among the strains of E. coli isolated of MPV. The hygienicsanitary conditions of those products can be improved with the application of Good Practices in the whole productive chain.
Hortaliças minimamente processadas (HMP) normalmente consistem de hortaliças frescas, cruas, lavadas, descascadas, cortadas, sanitizadas, centrifugadas, empacotadas e acondicionadas sob refrigeração. Hortaliças são potenciais veículos de microrganismos que podem estar associadas à doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Inúmeras são as causas para a presença de elevada carga microbiana nesse tipo de produto, entre as quais estão: as técnicas de cultivo, armazenamento, transporte e distribuição para consumo, a prática do uso de adubo orgânico, a utilização de água contaminada para rrigação, o transporte realizado em engradados abertos e as condições de higiene no manuseio e preparo de refeições, principalmente quando tais alimentos são consumidos crus. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a presença de Enzimas Betalactamases de Espectro Expandido (ESBL) em cepas de Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de HMP comercializadas na cidade de Fortaleza e verificar se as hortaliças analisadas a atendem a RDC N° 12 de 02 de janeiro de 2001, que rege o padrão microbiológico dos alimentos no Brasil. Foram coletadas 80 amostras de HMP comercializadas em Fortaleza. As hortaliças estudadas foram: 8 amostras de acelga; 10 alface; 8 tomate cereja; 8 repolho roxo, repolho verde; 10 cenoura e vagem; 8 cenoura ralada; 10 cenoura ralada, repolho verde e repolho roxo; 10 saladas; 8 coentro, cebola e salsa picados. As análises foram realizadas de abril de 2006 a maio de 2007. As contagens de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos variaram de 5,60 a 13,35 log UFC/ g de HMP. As contagens de bolores e leveduras variaram de 5,54 a 9,88 log UFC/ g de HMP. A contagem de coliformes totais e coliformes a 45°C foram bastante elevadas. O principal bolor isolado e identificado foi o enicillium spp. Todas as amostras de acelga, cenoura ralada, cenoura e vagem, cenoura ralada, repolho roxo e repolho verde, coentro e salsa picados encontravam-se impróprias para o consumo, pois apresentaram quantidades superiores a 100 coliformesa 45ºC/g de amostra. Das amostras de alface 50% apresentavam contagem decoliformes a 45ºC acima do permitido peça legislação. Dos tomates cereja analisados 75% estavam dentro padrões microbiológicos exigidos pela legislação brasileira, para coliforme a 45ºC. Das amostras de repolho roxo, repolho verde 87% estavam com contagem de coliformes acima do permitido. Das amostras de salada 80% estavam fora dos padrões. Não foram detectadas Salmonellas nas amostras de HMP analisadas. As principais cepas de Enterobacteriaceae isoladas foram E. coli, K. pneumoniae e E. aerogenes. Todas as cepas de K. pneumoniae e E. aerogenes foram resistentes à ampicilina. Foram detectadas cepas de E. coli, K pneumoniae e E aerogenes com multiresistência aos antibióticos testados. Não foi observada resistência a ciprofloxacina, ceftazidima e imipenem. Não foram detectadas amostras de enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL. Não foram identificadas cepas de E. coli O15:H7 entre as cepas de E. coli isoladas de HMP. As condições higiênico-sanitárias desses produtos podem ser melhoradas com a aplicação de Boas Práticas em toda a cadeia produtiva.
Blanc, Pociello Vanessa. "Caracterización de cepas y de plásmidos de Enterobacteriaceae portadores de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3908.
Full textEn este trabajo, en primer lugar se han estudiado 107 cepas procedentes de granjas de aves, de cerdos y de conejos, siendo todas ellas Escherichia coli, a excepción de una cepa de Enterobacter cloacae. No se ha encontrado ninguna cepa portadora de la resistencia a carbapenémicos, aunque si se describe la presencia de la ß-lactamasa plasmídica CMY-2 y de una gran diversidad de enzimas BLEE. Además, el 93% de las cepas fueron resistentes a dos o más de los antibióticos no ß-lactámicos probados. En las granjas de aves, la enzima CTX-M-14 y la cefamicinasa CMY-2 han sido las más frecuentes. Por el contrario, en las de cerdos la enzima CTX-M-1 ha sido la más prevalente. Se describe, por primera vez, la presencia de las enzimas TEM-52 y SHV-2 en las granjas de aves, la enzima SHV-5 en las de cerdos y la enzima CMY-2 en las de conejos. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que las granjas de animales actúan como un reservorio de genes de BLEE y CMY-2. Asimismo, se ha determinado el grupo filogenético y el estatus ExPEC de las 106 cepas de E. coli aisladas de granjas de animales. La mayoría de las cepas han sido definidas como comensales al pertenecer a los filogrupos A y B1. Aunque una proporción significativa de cepas procedentes de granjas de aves pertenece a los filogrupos B2 y D, ambos vinculados a cepas patógenas. Por el contrario, en granjas de cerdos las cepas mayoritarias han sido las pertenecientes al filogrupo A. Del total de las cepas estudiadas, sólo 10 se han caracterizado como ExPEC, presentando éstas una media de nueve factores implicados en la virulencia. La gran mayoría de estas cepas proceden de granjas de aves, pertenecen al filogrupo D y codifican la enzima CMY-2. Además, cabe enfatizar el hecho no descrito hasta el
momento, de que dos de las tres cepas aisladas de conejos han sido caracterizadas como
ExPEC.
En segundo lugar, se han seleccionado 111 cepas de enterobacterias, aisladas de granjas de animales, de alimentos, de muestras clínicas, de muestras fecales de portadores sanos, de brotes alimentarios y de aguas residuales y se ha estudiado la transmisibilidad de las BLEE y CMY-2. Más del 70% de dichas cepas transfirieron por conjugación estas resistencias. Además, un 29,2% de las cepas transconjugantes obtenidas presentaron resistencias a los antibióticos no ß-lactámicos. Por otra parte, las enzimas CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-14a, familia SHV y CMY-2 fueron las que se transfirieron con una mayor frecuencia.
Finalmente, se han caracterizado los plásmidos conjugativos, presentes en las 111 cepas que codificaban BLEE y CMY-2. Para ello, se ha determinado su peso molecular mediante electroforesis en campo pulsante, y se ha identificado el grupo de incompatibilidad al cual pertenecen. Esta identificación se ha llevado a cabo mediante hibridación con sondas frías por dot blot y Southern blot y por PCR y secuenciación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que hay una clara concordancia entre los plásmidos que, aún procediendo de diversos ambientes, presentan características muy similares como son la enzima que codifican, el grupo de incompatibilidad al que pertenecen y, en ciertos casos su tamaño. Así, la extensa mayoría de los plásmidos que codifican de la enzima CTX-M-14a, pertenece al grupo IncK. De igual forma, las enzimas del grupo CTX-M-1 se han localizado en plásmidos IncN. La enzima CMY-2 se ha transferido en plásmidos de alto peso molecular portadores de dos replicones, IncQ e IncA/C2. En cambio, la enzima CTX-M-9 se ha vehiculizado en plásmidos con grupos Inc muy variados, aunque cabe destacar el hecho de que tres de ellos pertenecen al IncHI2.
Bacterial resistance mediated by extended spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) is a great concern that has been described mainly in clinical strains. However, there is no so much data about the prevalence and capacity of diffusion of this type of resistances in other environments.
Therefore, the objectives of the present Thesis have been to study the prevalence of ESBL, plasmidic class C ß-lactamase and carbapenemases in diverse environments, to determine the transmissibility of these resistances and, finally, to identify and characterize the plasmid that codify these resistances.
First of all, in this work it have been studied 107 strains from poultry, pig and rabbit farms, being all of them Escherichia coli but one Enterobacter cloacae strain. None strains have carried resistance to carbapenemics, although it have been described the CMY-2 enzyme and a great variety of ESBL. Moreover, the 93% of the strains showed resistance to two o more non-ß-lactam antibiotics tested. In poultry farms, the enzymes CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 were the most frequent. By the contrary, in pig farms, the enzyme CTX-M-1 was the most prevalent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that it is described the enzymes TEM-52 and SHV-2 in poultry farms, the enzyme SHV-5 in pig farms and the CMY-2 in rabbit farms. The results obtained here; show that animal farms act as a reservoir or ESBL and CMY-2 genes. Moreover, it have been determined the phylogenetic group and the ExPEC status of the 106 E. coli strains. The majority of the strains have been identified like commensal even though they belong to the groups A and B1. However, a high percentage of the strains coming from poultry farms belong to the phylogenetic groups B2 and D, being both groups associated to pathogenic strains. By the contrary, in pig farms the majority of the strains derive from the phylogenetic group A. Only, ten strains have been characterized as ExPEC, carrying these strains nine virulence markers of average. The majority of the ExPEC strains derived form poultry farms been associated to the phylogenetic group D and codifying the enzyme CMY-2. It is important to denote that two of the three strains isolated from rabbit farms are ExPEC.
Secondly, it has been selected 111 strains from Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from several environments: animal farms, food, food-borne outbreaks, community, clinical patients and human sewage and it has been studied the transmissibility of the ESBL and CMY-2. More than 70% of these strains transferred by conjugation these resistances. Moreover, a 29.2% of the transconjugant strains showed resistance to non-ß-lactam antibiotics. The enzymes CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-14a, the family SHV and CMY-2 were the most transferable.
Finally, it have been characterized the conjugative plasmids carrying ESBL of CMY-2 of the 111 strains. To do that, it have been determined the molecular weight of the plasmids by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and their incompatibility group have been identified. The identification of the incompatibility group have been done by dot blot, Southern blot, PCR and sequencing. The results obtained show that there are a high degree of correlation among the Inc group to which the plasmids belong, the enzyme that they encode, and their size. So, the majority of plasmids that codify the enzyme CTX-M-14a belong to IncK group. Similarly, the enzymes of the group CTX- M-1 have been located in IncN plasmids. The plasmidic class C ß-lactamase, CMY-2, have been transferred in plasmids with high molecular weigh carrying the replicons IncQ and IncA/C2. By contrast, conjugative plasmids codifying of the enzyme CTX-M- 9 belong to different Inc groups, although three of them pertain to IncHI2.
Verdet, Charlotte. "Caractérisation de CMY-4, une nouvelle céphalosporinase plasmidique présente chez une souche tunisienne de Proteus mirabilis." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P049.
Full textSILVA, Natália Regina Souza da. "Análise da ocorrência do gene da betalactamase em isolados clínicos de staphylococcus spp. resistentes à meticilina procedentes de hospital universitário da cidade do Recife-PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17069.
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Staphlylococcus desenvolveu a resistência aos betalactâmicos através de dois principais mecanismos, a expressão das betalactamases e a produção de PBP2a, codificadas pelos genes blaZ e mecA, respectivamente. Apesar da detecção do gene mecA por técnicas moleculares ser considerado o padrão ouro para a identificação das cepas de Staphlylococcus resistentes à meticilina (MRS), alguns estudos têm verificado discrepância entre a apresentação fenotípica da resistência à meticilina nessas cepas e a presença do gene mecA.O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existe diferença de frequência do gene blaZ entre isolados clínicos de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes à meticilina portadores do gene mecA e os não portadores do gene. Foram estudados 47 isolados provenientes de amostras clínicas de hospital universitário da cidade do Recife. Essas amostras foram submetidas aos testes de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, detecção do gene mecA para separação dos grupos de comparação e posterior detecção da presença de betalactamase através dos testes de cefinase em disco, Clover-Leaf e detecção do gene blaZ por PCR. Desta forma, foram observadas diferenças na frequência quando utilizados os testes fenotípicos para detecção. No teste de cefinase em disco, foram positivos 33,3% dos isolados portadores do gene mecA e 56,25% dos não portadores. No teste de Clover-Leaf, foi detectada a produção de betalactamase em 33,3% dos isolados portadores do gene mecA e 65,62% dos não portadores. Na pesquisa do gene blaZ, no entanto, não foi verificada diferença significativa nas frequências de detecção entre os grupos. Desta forma, indica-se o uso dos testes fenotípicos de detecção de produção de betalactamase, por apresentarem baixo custo e fácil operação, além de demonstrarem boa sensibilidade.
Staphlylococcus developed resistance to beta-lactam via two major mechanisms of beta-lactamase expression and production of PBP2a encoded by gene mecA and blaZ, respectively. Although the detection of the mecA gene by molecular techniques be considered the gold standard for identifying Staphlylococcus of methicillin-resistant strains (MRS), some studies have found discrepancies between the phenotypic presentation of methicillin resistance in these strains and the presence of the mecA gene. This study aimed to verify if there is frequency difference of blaZ gene among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. methicillin-resistant carriers of mecA gene and non-carriers of the gene.47 isolates from clinical samples of University Hospital in Recife were studied.These samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and subsequent detection of mecA gene by PCR for separation of the comparison groups. After this, was performed to detect the production of beta-lactamase using the disk Cefinase tests, Clover Leaf and detection of blaZ gene by PCR. Thus, diferences in frequency were observed when phenotypics tests were used for detection. In Cefinase test disk,were positive 33.3% of the isolates carrying the mecA gene and 56.25% of non-carriers. In Clover-Leaf assay, the production of beta-lactamase was detected in 33.3% of isolates carrying the mecA gene and 65.62% of non-carriers.In search of blaZ gene, however, there was no significant difference in the frequency detection between groups. In this way, it indicates the use of phenotypic tests for detection of beta-lactamase production for having low cost and easy operation as well as demonstrating good sensitivity.
Souza, Germana Conrado de. "DetecÃÃo de betalactamases de espectro expandido (ESBL) em cepas de coliformes isoladas de carne de frango comercializada na cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1492.
Full textA cadeia produtiva do frango de corte depende da biosseguranÃa e da qualidade dos produtos que sÃo ofertados à populaÃÃo, visto ser essa a fonte de proteÃna mais acessÃvel e barata. O intenso processamento de produtos avÃcolas necessita de constantes averiguaÃÃes a respeito da sua qualidade microbiolÃgica. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condiÃÃes microbiolÃgicas e de realizar o teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e detecÃÃo de bactÃrias produtoras de ESBL das cepas de microrganismos isoladas das amostras coletadas. No perÃodo de abril a novembro de 2006 foram coletadas 80 amostras de carne de frango resfriada e congelada comercializada na cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ. O protocolo microbiolÃgico incluiu a contagem de bactÃrias aerÃbias mesÃfilas, determinaÃÃo do NMP de coliformes a 35ÂC e a 45ÂC, de acordo com a RDC n 12 de 02 de janeiro de 2001 da ANVISA. Para o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foi utilizada a tÃcnica de difusÃo em placas segundo KIRBY-BAUER e CLSI, para detecÃÃo de cepas produtoras de ESBL. Os antibiÃticos usados foram: amicacina (30Âg), ampicilina (10Âg), ciprofloxacina (05Âg), ceftazidima (30Âg), estreptomicina (10Âg), doxiciclina (30Âg), gentamicina (10Âg), imipenem (10Âg), sulfonamida (300Âg) e sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim (25Âg). Das 80 amostras analisadas, a contagem de mesÃfilos variou de <1,0 x 10 UFC/g a 6,3 x 105 UFC/g, 34 (43%) das amostras foram positivas para coliformes a 35ÂC e 17 (21%) para coliformes a 45ÂC. Quanto ao teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, o maior percentual de resistÃncia encontrado nas 11 cepas de Escherichia coli foi à doxiciclina (91%); 27% das cepas foram 100% sensÃveis a amicacina, gentamicina e imipenem. Das 22 cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae isoladas, a maior resistÃncia foi à ampicilina (94,5%); maior sensibilidade a gentamicina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e amicacina, 94,5%, 94,5% e 90%, respectivamente. Das 19 cepas de Enterobacter aerogenes, 90,1% foram resistentes a ampicilina e 95,4% apresentaram sensibilidade a ciprofloxacina. Das 11 cepas de Escherichia coli, 22 de Klebsiella pneumoniae e 19 de Enterobacter aerogenes, apenas 4, 9 e 5 cepas apresentaram o fenÃtipo produtor de ESBL, respectivamente, e destas somente 3 (33%) das cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae e 3 (60%) das cepas de Enterobacter aerogenes foram confirmadas como produtoras de ESBL. Foi possÃvel constatar que a carne de frango apresentaram falhas em relaÃÃo a qualidade microbiolÃgica, como demonstrado pela presenÃa de elevado nÃmero de bactÃrias aerÃbias mesÃfilas, coliformes a 35ÂC e coliformes a 45ÂC, sinalizando para o risco potencial de ocorrÃncia de DTA, inclusive por microrganismos multi-resistentes à antimicrobianos e produtores de ESBL. A implementaÃÃo de um sistema de AnÃlise de Perigos e Pontos CrÃticos de Controle (APPCC), envolvendo todas as etapas do processamento, pode constituir uma medida eficaz para a melhoria da qualidade e seguranÃa do produto
The poultry processing industry depends on the biosafety and quality of the products offered to the population, and is the cheapest and more affordable source of proteins. The intensive production process of poultry products requires constant microbiological controls. This study was aimed to assess the microbiological conditions of this product and to perform an antimicrobial susceptibility test and the screening of ESBL-producing bacteria on the strains isolated from the collected samples. Between April and November 2006, 80 samples of fresh and freezed poultry meat marketed in the city of Fortaleza were collected. The microbiological protocol included an aerobic mesophile bacterial count, and the determination of the coliform MPN at 35oC and 45oC, according to the ANVISA (National Sanitary Surveillance Agency) resolution RDC 12 of January 02, 2001. The susceptibility test was carried out according to the disk diffusion technique (KIRBY-BAUER), and the screening for ESBL-producing strains was performed by CLSI. The used antibiotics were amikacine (30Âg), ampicillin (10Âg), ciprofloxacin (5Âg), ceftazidime (30Âg), streptomycin (10Âg), doxycycline (30Âg), gentamicin (10Âg), imipenem (10Âg), sulphonamide (300Âg) and sulfamethoxazol/trimetroprim (25Âg). The mesophile bacterial count in the 80 tested strains ranged from <1.0 x 10 CFU/g to 6.3 x 10 CFU/g. 34 (43%) of the samples were positive for coliforms at 35oC and 17 (21%) for coliforms at 45oC. In the 11 E. coli strains, the highest resistance was found against doxycycline (91%), while 27% of the strains were 100% sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin and imipenem. Within the 22 Klebsiella pneumonia isolated strains, the highest resistance was against ampicillin (94.5%), with the highest sensitivity to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazol/trimetroprim and amikacin (94.5%, 94.5%, and 90%, respectively). Of the 19 Enterobacter aerogenes strains, 90.1% were resistant to ampicillin and 95.4% showed to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Of the 11 strains of Escherichia coli, 22 of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 19 of Enterobacter aerogenes, only 4, 9 and 5 strains, respectively, showed to have an ESBL-producing phenotype, and only 3 (33%) of the K. pneumoniae strains and 3 (60%) of the E. aerogenes strains were confirmed as being ESBL producers. We verified the poultry meat to be microbiologically flawed, as shown by the high number of mesophile aerobic bacteria and coliforms grown at 35oC and at 45oC, being a warning sign for the occurrence of DTA, even by microorganisms resistant to multipleantibiotics and ESBL producers. The implementation of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system involving all the processing stages can be an effective measure in order to improve the quality and safety of this product.
Souza, Germana Conrado de. "Detecção de betalactamases de espectro expandido (ESBL) em cepas de coliformes isoladas de carne de frango comercializada na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17513.
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The poultry processing industry depends on the biosafety and quality of the products offered to the population, and is the cheapest and more affordable source of proteins. The intensive production process of poultry products requires constant microbiological controls. This study was aimed to assess the microbiological conditions of this product and to perform an antimicrobial susceptibility test and the screening of ESBL-producing bacteria on the strains isolated from the collected samples. Between April and November 2006, 80 samples of fresh and freezed poultry meat marketed in the city of Fortaleza were collected. The microbiological protocol included an aerobic mesophile bacterial count, and the determination of the coliform MPN at 35oC and 45oC, according to the ANVISA (National Sanitary Surveillance Agency) resolution RDC 12 of January 02, 2001. The susceptibility test was carried out according to the disk diffusion technique (KIRBY-BAUER), and the screening for ESBL-producing strains was performed by CLSI. The used antibiotics were amikacine (30µg), ampicillin (10µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), ceftazidime (30µg), streptomycin (10µg), doxycycline (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), imipenem (10µg), sulphonamide (300µg) and sulfamethoxazol/trimetroprim (25µg). The mesophile bacterial count in the 80 tested strains ranged from <1.0 x 10 CFU/g to 6.3 x 10 CFU/g. 34 (43%) of the samples were positive for coliforms at 35oC and 17 (21%) for coliforms at 45oC. In the 11 E. coli strains, the highest resistance was found against doxycycline (91%), while 27% of the strains were 100% sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin and imipenem. Within the 22 Klebsiella pneumonia isolated strains, the highest resistance was against ampicillin (94.5%), with the highest sensitivity to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazol/trimetroprim and amikacin (94.5%, 94.5%, and 90%, respectively). Of the 19 Enterobacter aerogenes strains, 90.1% were resistant to ampicillin and 95.4% showed to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Of the 11 strains of Escherichia coli, 22 of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 19 of Enterobacter aerogenes, only 4, 9 and 5 strains, respectively, showed to have an ESBL-producing phenotype, and only 3 (33%) of the K. pneumoniae strains and 3 (60%) of the E. aerogenes strains were confirmed as being ESBL producers. We verified the poultry meat to be microbiologically flawed, as shown by the high number of mesophile aerobic bacteria and coliforms grown at 35oC and at 45oC, being a warning sign for the occurrence of DTA, even by microorganisms resistant to multipleantibiotics and ESBL producers. The implementation of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system involving all the processing stages can be an effective measure in order to improve the quality and safety of this product.
A cadeia produtiva do frango de corte depende da biossegurança e da qualidade dos produtos que são ofertados à população, visto ser essa a fonte de proteína mais acessível e barata. O intenso processamento de produtos avícolas necessita de constantes averiguações a respeito da sua qualidade microbiológica. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições microbiológicas e de realizar o teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e detecção de bactérias produtoras de ESBL das cepas de microrganismos isoladas das amostras coletadas. No período de abril a novembro de 2006 foram coletadas 80 amostras de carne de frango resfriada e congelada comercializada na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. O protocolo microbiológico incluiu a contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, determinação do NMP de coliformes a 35°C e a 45°C, de acordo com a RDC n° 12 de 02 de janeiro de 2001 da ANVISA. Para o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foi utilizada a técnica de difusão em placas segundo KIRBY-BAUER e CLSI, para detecção de cepas produtoras de ESBL. Os antibióticos usados foram: amicacina (30µg), ampicilina (10µg), ciprofloxacina (05µg), ceftazidima (30µg), estreptomicina (10µg), doxiciclina (30µg), gentamicina (10µg), imipenem (10µg), sulfonamida (300µg) e sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim (25µg). Das 80 amostras analisadas, a contagem de mesófilos variou de <1,0 x 10 UFC/g a 6,3 x 105 UFC/g, 34 (43%) das amostras foram positivas para coliformes a 35°C e 17 (21%) para coliformes a 45°C. Quanto ao teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, o maior percentual de resistência encontrado nas 11 cepas de Escherichia coli foi à doxiciclina (91%); 27% das cepas foram 100% sensíveis a amicacina, gentamicina e imipenem. Das 22 cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae isoladas, a maior resistência foi à ampicilina (94,5%); maior sensibilidade a gentamicina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e amicacina, 94,5%, 94,5% e 90%, respectivamente. Das 19 cepas de Enterobacter aerogenes, 90,1% foram resistentes a ampicilina e 95,4% apresentaram sensibilidade a ciprofloxacina. Das 11 cepas de Escherichia coli, 22 de Klebsiella pneumoniae e 19 de Enterobacter aerogenes, apenas 4, 9 e 5 cepas apresentaram o fenótipo produtor de ESBL, respectivamente, e destas somente 3 (33%) das cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae e 3 (60%) das cepas de Enterobacter aerogenes foram confirmadas como produtoras de ESBL. Foi possível constatar que a carne de frango apresentaram falhas em relação a qualidade microbiológica, como demonstrado pela presença de elevado número de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, coliformes a 35°C e coliformes a 45°C, sinalizando para o risco potencial de ocorrência de DTA, inclusive por microrganismos multi-resistentes à antimicrobianos e produtores de ESBL. A implementação de um sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC), envolvendo todas as etapas do processamento, pode constituir uma medida eficaz para a melhoria da qualidade e segurança do produto
Molina, Carpio María del Carmen. "Determinación fenotípica de enterobacteriáceas productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en muestras de heces de pacientes ambulatorios en el Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño “San Bartolomé”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9650.
Full textDetecta fenotípicamente las enterobacteriáceas productoras de BLEE en muestras de pacientes ambulatorios en el Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño “San Bartolomé”. Otros objetivos fueron que determina la capacidad del agar Karmali para la detección de bacterias productoras de BLEE, la frecuencia de las enterobacteriáceas más comunes que presentan BLEE y, finalmente, determina también mediante una regla empírica el tipo de BLEE. Entre abril y octubre del 2011 fueron analizadas 233 muestras de heces correspondientes a pacientes ambulatorios que presentaban problemas gastrointestinales que procedían de Unidad de Rehidratación Oral del HONADOMANI “San Bartolomé”. De las placas de agar Karmali se seleccionaron las colonias que presentaban las características de enterobacteriáceas, para purificarlas en Mac Conkey y luego identificarlas con pruebas bioquímicas en tubo. Para la detección de BLEE se tomó en cuenta los criterios de la CLSI 2010 y el método de Jarlier de la SFM que incluía discos de AMC, CTX CAZ y ATM en Müller Hinton; finalmente para la diferenciación del tipo de BLEE se tomó en cuenta la regla empírica de Jacoby, et al. (2006); donde se relaciona la medida del diámetro del disco de CTX con el diámetro del disco de CAZ. Al finalizar el estudio de las 149 enterobacteriáceas con fenotipo BLEE se pudo determinar, 128 E. coli, 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Proteus mirabilis, 3 Enterobacter cloacae, 2 Shigella sonnei "D", 1 Proteus vulgaris, que representaron 85.9% (128/149), 7.4% (11/149), 2.7% (4/149), 2% (3/149), 1.3% (2/149), 0.7% (1/149). Finalmente, se logró identificar presuntivamente el tipo de enzima β-lactámica mediante una regla empírica, encontrando 85 (57%) CTX-M y 64 (43%) TEM o SHV.
Tesis
Philipon, de La Madelaine Louis. "La bêta-lactamase à spectre élargi SHV-2, connue chez les entérobactéries, est également présente chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P192.
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