Academic literature on the topic 'Betel quid consumption'

碩士<br>中華醫事科技大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>99<br>Background: The betel quid (BQ) is one of the widely used addictive substances.About 6 million people are engaged in chewing BQ in the world. In Taiwan , it has been estimated that 2 million people have the habit of chewing betel. Previous studies have been shown that chewing BQ may affect the reproductive system and maternal BQ chewing may cause a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes,such as lower male newborn rate、low birth weight and birth length. Methods: In this study, betel quid extract(BQE) was administered via gavage to parental rats (200mg/kg/day) for 90 days prior to mating. There are four offspring groups in our study :(1) All parental male and female rats are not treated BQE extract liquid,NT Group;(2) Only parental male rats treated BQE extract liquid,MT Group;(3) Only parental female rats treated BQE extract liquid,FT Group;(4) All parental male and female rats are treated BQE extract liquid,AT Group. Aim: Previous studies showed that heavy use of betel nut has resulted in an acute reversible toxic psychosis.In addition, a lot of studies have confirmed that chewing betel nut may cause adverse birth outcomes.However,the present study is still lack of parental betel nut chewing effects on offspring neurodevelopmental. Our study used of behavioral test to observe immobility time during the forced swimming test(increased immobility time is the characterization of depression),and entries into the open arms and time spent in the open arms duing the elevated plus maze test(decreased is the characteriz- ation of anxiety ) in offspring rats selected from parental rats treated with betel quid extract. In addition, we further through apoptosis and neurotrophins factors protein expression from offspring brain cortex and hippocampus tissues to explain the behavior of depression and anxiety. Results: The betel quid group(MT,FT and AT) had increased duration of immobility in the forced swimming test(p<0.001) and decreased two index:“entries into the open arm”and“time spent in the open arms”in the elevated plus maze test (p< 0.001).This results obtained from behavioral studies indicated that betel quid extract treatment produced an depressant-like action and anxiety-like effect in offspring rat.Apoptotic pathway in brain of offspring rats selected from parental rats treated with betel quid extract. Stimuli can initiate apoptosis cascade, once triggered, pro-apoptotic factor Bax level is increased in parental rats treated betel quid extract group, and decreased anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2,leading to release cytochrome C from mitochondria,which in turn activates caspase-9 and caspase-3. Apoptotic change may result in loss of synaptic integrity with decreased expression of BDNF level,final lead to depression and anxiety. Discussion: Our study was the first case to demonstrate that parental rats chronic ingestion of betel quid had an induce depression and anxiety effect in offspring. Through the previous reported and the results of this study, we conclude that depression and anxiety action of betel quid is mediated, at least in part, by decreasing BDNF expression in the brain cortex and hippocampus.