Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton armé – Corrosion – Prévention'
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González-Díaz, Francisco. "Réalcalinisation électrochimique des bétons armés carbonatés : une alternative de prévention contre la corrosion." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1596/.
Full textThe parameters of application of electrochemical realkalisation (rae) treatment was evaluated i this work. Also, the influence of characteristics related to concrete has been analysed. The study of rae was focused as a preventive measure for urban reinforced concrete structures suffering the process known as carbonation, but without significant corrosion of the reinforcement. For this, carbonation was previously induced on the reinforced concrete specimens until obtaining two levels: partial or fully carbonated concrete. The efficiency of rae was evaluated by analysys of physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics (alkalinity, open circuit potential, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Results showed that when the corrosion of the reinforcing steel is not important, the alkalinity of bulk can be achieved on either partial or fully carbonated concrete by applying the rae treatment. Therefore, in these conditions the life cycle of reinforced concrete structures can be improved
Chénard, Benoit. "Contribution à l'étude de méthodes de mitigation de la corrosion de l'acier d'armature dans les ouvrages en béton armé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66593.
Full textIt is well known that corrosion of steel rebar is the most important degradation mechanism in reinforced concrete structures. Coastal regions bordered with saline water and northern countries using de-icing salts are faced with tremendous corrosion problems of their reinforced concrete structures. To enhance the lifespan of corroded concrete structures, corrosion mitigation products become more essential. In this research project, two direct mitigation treatments were studied, migrating corrosion inhibitors and cathodic protection with sacrificial anodes, as well as a secondary perspective treatment that is carbon fibre-reinforced polymers wrapping. The objective was to study the influence of mitigation products on corrosion rate in pre-corroded reinforced concrete specimens. The program is conducted throughout experimental phase that requires electrochemical monitoring on concrete specimens, preliminary corroded in a controlled environment, and a modeling phase for validation. In spite of the widespread use of these treatments, the experimental and numerical based results have shown no significant reduction of corrosion rates in the various specimens. For the tested migrating corrosion inhibitors, it is suggested that the products have not been able to reach the reinforcement. Nevertheless, their efficiency seems to be promoted by a secondary function that is the concrete waterproofing. Concerning the sacrificial anodes, the electrical resistivity of concrete hinders the formation of an efficient galvanic cell between the zinc pellet and the corroded rebar. The numerical model evaluated a maximum decrease of 63 % of the corrosion current in case the zinc pellet is place directly under the corrosion zone. Finally, wrapped polymer has not exhibited any significant short-term corrosion-mitigation effect in concrete. In fact, the rate of oxygen consumption associated with the electrochemical activity inside the test slabs is not enough to cause a significant decrease in the currents of corrosion.
Rouleau, Nicolas, and Nicolas Rouleau. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de traitements pour la prévention ou la mitigation de la corrosion de l'acier d'armature dans les éléments en béton armé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24295.
Full textCette étude visait à évaluer l’efficacité de différentes techniques de protection à prolonger la durée de vie des infrastructures en béton susceptibles d’être atteintes de corrosion des armatures. L’objectif principal du projet était de fournir des informations quantitatives sur l’influence de certaines des stratégies les plus couramment utilisées pour protéger les ouvrages contre la pénétration de l’humidité et des ions chlorure ainsi que pour contrôler l’initiation et la propagation de la réaction de corrosion. Ainsi, l’impact de l’utilisation de scellants non coupe-vapeur, de membranes et de produits inhibiteurs de corrosion (migrateur et adjuvant) a été étudié. Les différents traitements ont été testés sur des corps d’épreuve pré-conditionnés de manière à présenter quatre niveaux de contamination et de détérioration : état vierge non corrodé, état contaminé par les ions chlorure mais non corrodé, état de corrosion initiée et état de propagation de la corrosion. Un des objectifs spécifiques de cette étude était d’évaluer l’influence des différents traitements sur l’évolution de facteurs comme la distribution interne de l’humidité relative, la distribution des ions chlorure ainsi que l’activité de corrosion. Pour ce faire, 51 dalles de béton armé ont été fabriquées et exposées à des cycles de mouillage (brouillard salin) et de séchage dans une chambre environnementale. Afin de caractériser l’évolution de l’activité de corrosion propre à chaque condition, un suivi électrochimique des éléments comportant des mesures de potentiel électrochimique et de résistance à la polarisation linéaire a été assuré. À la suite de la période de cyclage dans la chambre de brouillard salin, une autopsie a été pratiqué sur une sélection de corps d’épreuve. Cette opération avait pour but de dégager les barres d’armature de manière à caractériser les zones anodiques.
This study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
This study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
Rouleau, Nicolas. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de traitements pour la prévention ou la mitigation de la corrosion de l'acier d'armature dans les éléments en béton armé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29549/29549.pdf.
Full textThis study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
Khan, Inamullah. "Etude expérimentale de la corrosion en béton armé." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0043/document.
Full textThe thesis aims to study the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment. Experiments were carried out in order to investigate the different mechanical properties such as bending strength, shear strength etc. The experimental work consists of two parts; in the first part small annular cement sand mortar samples were tested in order to observe the effect of cracks on corrosion. Results show that cracks whatever their width allows the corrosion onset at bottom of cracks and along the steel-concrete interface damaged zone caused by the creation of cracks. In the second part an extensive study was carried out on a 26-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beam and a non-corroded of same age in order to better understand the effect of corrosion on reinforced concrete members in flexion and shear. Impact of corrosion on the mechanical properties of steel in reinforced concrete was studied. A new model was proposed for the relationship between corrosion cracks width and loss of steel cross-section
Paradis, François. "Influence de la fissuration du béton sur la corrosion des armatures : caractérisation des produits de corrosion formés dans le béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26061/26061.pdf.
Full textThe work conducted in this thesis concerns reinforced steel corrosion, which is one of the most important problems affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The principal objective of the thesis is to understand the influence of concrete cracking on corrosion initiation and propagation. This thesis presents experimental work where all tests are done in order to better represent real exposure conditions. Concrete samples are submitted to wetting (saline solution) and drying cycles. The evolution of corrosion of the reinforcement is followed using non-destructives electrochemical techniques. The nature and distribution of the corrosion products formed in concrete are analyzed at different level of corrosion. Since researchers often use accelerated techniques to initiate corrosion, a supplemental test campaign have been done in order to evaluate the reliability of these accelerated techniques. The results show some important differences on the nature and distribution of corrosion products. Subsequently, an experimental protocol representing natural exposure conditions has been set up in order to generate reinforced steel corrosion in mortar. A precise methodology for analyzing the nature and the distribution of corrosion products has also been followed. A first evaluation of corrosion initiation and propagation has been done on uncracked mortars. The results show that the chemical environment and the porosity of concrete have significant influence on the nature and the distribution of corrosion products. Artificially cracked specimens were also prepared to understand the influence of cracks on corrosion initiation and propagation. Results show that the presence of a crack increases the probability of corrosion initiation. The magnetite is the main oxide formed at the steel / concrete interface. Following wetting and drying cycles, the magnetite changes in goethite and akaganeite. Results from loaded and multi-cracked specimen show that cyclic loading also have some effect on corrosion kinetic. This influence seems to be related to the deterioration of steel / concrete interface, which further promotes corrosion propagation and also modify the nature and distribution of corrosion products.
D'Amours, Alexandre. "Comparaison structurale entre des structures souterraines en béton armé d'acier et en béton armé de polymères renforcés de fibres de verre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5859.
Full textVidal, Thierry. "Requalification des structures dégradées par corrosion des armatures." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0030.
Full textThis work of research proposes a method of requalification of corroded reinforced concrete elements. Initially, a Finite Element modeling the reinforced concrete mechanical behavior, which considers explicitly the concrete tension stiffening and the steel-concrete bond conditions, is established. Its application field is then extended to the case of structures damaged by reinforcement corrosion, through the taking into account of the corrosion effects of steel cross-section loss and steel-concrete bond degradation. Lastly, this model associated with an empirical relation connecting the corrosion crack width to the parameter of steel cross-section, constitutes the base of a new tool for diagnosis which allows to predict the behavior in service of the damaged reinforced concrete element
Sassine, Elie. "Protection cathodique du béton armé par revêtement electro-conducteur autonome." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0007/document.
Full textImpressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICPP) is one of the electrochemical techniques applied to limit or annihilate corrosion. The aim of this thesis is to develop sufficiently conductive and autonomous coatings to overcome the use of primary anodes during ICPP. This thesis is based on four main parts:I. The first part summarizes a bibliographic review of corrosion in reinforced concrete. II. This part will focus on the formulation of electroconductive coatings by mixing conductive powders (metallic or carbon) with an acrylic or polyurethane resin. III. The effectiveness of electroconductive coatings as an autonomous anode is studied in this section. IV. The last part presents ICCP tests carried out continuously for 6 months on corroded slabs. Non-corroded specimens are also placed in the same environment without cathodic protection in order to make a comparative analysis
Richard, Benjamin. "Modélisation d'éléments de structure en béton armé dégradés par corrosion : la problématique de l'interface acier/béton en présence de corrosion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598333.
Full textYu, Linwen. "Étude du développement de la corrosion dans le béton armé fissuré et de la performance mécanique de poutres en béton armé corrodées." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8791.
Full textRésumé : Un des objectifs de la thèse est d'étudier le développement de la corrosion dans le béton armé fissuré, en fonction de l’enrobage des armatures, des conditions d’exposition, de l’endommagement de l’interface acier-béton induit par le chargement et des défauts de l'interface acier-béton sous les barres horizontales liés à la mise en œuvre du béton frais en prenant en compte l'auto-cicatrisation des fissures transversales. L'autre objectif est d'étudier la performance mécanique des poutres en béton armé endommagées par la corrosion naturelle en ambiance agressive (des cycles humifification/séchage en brouillard salin). Deux parties principales constituent cette thèse. La première partie traite du développement de la corrosion, à la fois initiation et propagation, dans le béton armé en présence de fissures. La deuxième partie traite de la performance mécanique des poutres longues et courtes endommagés par la corrosion des armatures, en termes de mode de défaillance, seuil de plastification, capacité ultime résiduelle et flèche ultime à rupture. Les résultats de l'étude expérimentale confirment que la corrosion est toujours initiée dans les fissures induites par le chargement. Il convient de noter que la corrosion est liée à la présence des fissures mais pas à leur largeur. Les conditions d'exposition sont également un paramètre important influençant le développement de la corrosion. Ainsi, une surface tendue correspondant à la surface supérieure est la pire condition d'exposition, parce que le développement de la corrosion est accéléré par les effets de l’accumulation des chlorures ainsi que l’effet gravitaire favorisant leur pénétration. En outre, les dommages induits par le “top-cast effect” qui sont formés à l'interface acier-béton sous les barres horizontales par le ressuage et le tassement du béton frais, sont favorables à la fois à la l’initiation et à la propagation de la corrosion. Le phénomène d’auto-cicatrisation des fissures survient lorsque les échantillons fissurés sont conservés à 100% d'humidité relative en raison de la formation d'ettringite dans la zone intérieure et de la calcite dans la zone extérieure du plan de fissuration. L’auto-cicatrisation réduit le débit d'air à travers les fissures et réduit considérablement le risque de corrosion. Les performances en flexion de poutres longues ont été testées. La corrosion des armatures modifie le mode de défaillance des poutres en béton armé. La diminution de la charge de plastification et de la capacité ultime a été corrélée à la perte de section transversale des barres tendues. Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent qu’une réduction de 1% de la section transversale correspond à une réduction de 1% de la charge de plastification et de la capacité ultime. En ce qui concerne les performances mécaniques des poutres courtes, les résultats montrent qu’une corrosion sévère par piqûres sur les armatures tendues change le mode de défaillance par cisaillement à celui en flexion. Le mode de rupture des poutres courtes corrodées dépend non seulement du ratio entre la portée et la hauteur utile, mais également du degré de corrosion des cadres d’effort tranchant.
Loukil, Olfa. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la dégradation d'éléments structurels en béton armé par corrosion sous courant imposé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1138/document.
Full textCorrosion of steel in reinforced concrete generates iron oxides which induce tensile stresses at the steel/concrete interface leading to the concrete cover cracking and loss of reinforcing bar cross-section. The evaluation of such pathology remains difficult and consequently limits the assessment of the structure serviceability, the knowledge on the degradation evolution, and the choice of a suitable repair method. The aim of this study is to correlate internal degradations (corrosion products formation and concrete cracking) induced by steel corrosion to external degradations (concrete cracking).The experimental program aims to determine these degradation mechanisms. The accelerated corrosion tests are carried out on reinforced concrete specimens in the presence of chloride ions by applying a constant current using three current densities (50,100 and 200 µA/cm²) during different exposure periods.Electrochemical properties of reinforced concrete specimens are determined before and after the accelerated corrosion tests. The quantitative evaluation of the corrosion products at the steel/concrete interface based on SEM observations (microscopic scale) demonstrates an important heterogeneity in the distribution and thicknesses (between 0 and 1584 µm). This heterogeneity can be explained by the evolution of anodic and cathodic zones due to different factors such as the non symmetric geometry of the specimens, the accelerated corrosion test environment (moisture, chloride ions and oxygen gradients), and the characteristics of concrete (aggregates, porosity).The internal (angular position, width, and length of cracks) and external crack patterns (maximum crack width) induced by the formation of corrosion products are analyzed. One to five internal cracks are identified in the internal crack patterns and they are classified in three groups. The first and second groups contain horizontal and vertical cracks which propagate in the direction of the shortest concrete cover. The third group is constituted of oblique cracks which are located in the opposite side of the horizontal cracks. The widths of the internal cracks range between 0.1 to 0.4 mm and their lengths between 1 to 3 cm. The maximum external crack widths are between 0.1 to 0.7 mm and are located on the shortest cover sides of the specimens.The maximum effort applied during the pull-out tests decreases with increasing levels of corrosion. However, the corrosion levels reach during the tests are too low to affect the steel/concrete interface behavior. The failure mode identified during the testing is concrete splitting failure regardless the corrosion level. A cause/effect scenario is proposed between steel corrosion and the mechanical induced degradation considering all experimental results.Based on experimental results, two models are proposed. The first one is developed to explain corrosion initiation and propagation. This model is able to determine the corrosion initiation time for each current density.The second model analyses the concrete cover mechanical behavior. The numerical results show that taking into account only the thickness of corrosion products (as an experimental input) does not generate a numerical cracking pattern similar to the experimental one. Then, complementary calculations considering a different distribution of the corrosion product’s thicknesses allow enhancing the agreement between experimental and numerical results
Loche, Jean-Michel. "Etude du transfert d'ions chlorures à travers des mortiers de ciment par diffusion-migration : suivi par spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS078.
Full textTran, Bich Hop. "Effet de la corrosion sur l’adhérence acier - béton : essai et identification." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066800.
Full textReinforced concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete and steel which combines the compressive strength of concrete at the tensile strength of steel. In addition, this is a material which is adaptable to many different forms, thanks to its facility of implementation. One axis of research for reinforced concrete is studying all possible sources of potential failures of the structure to understand and eliminate or reduce them and control effectively them with a certain limit security. Among these failures, the bond between steel and concrete is a central phenomenon which can determine the failure modes of a structural element, and leads therefore to our studies. The objective of this thesis is studying the behavior of steel-concrete interface under various effects such as corrosion, roughness, containment. We present in this work a new test, named PIAF test, in order to study the steel - concrete interface behavior in the absence of the effects of confinement due to the both geometry (shrinkage) and to the boundary conditions arising in the classical test. PIAF test allows to better understand the influence of the lateral confinement and the interface behavior. During PIAF test, the displacement fields can be determined by using digital image correlation CORRELILMT. A mechanical model for the interface has been developed and identified. The numerical results obtained by Finite Element Method (Castem Code 2000) are compared with the ones obtained by experimental measurments in order to validate the proposed model
Söylev, Tayfun Altug. "Rôle de la qualité de l'interface acier-béton sur la corrosion de l'armature du béton armé." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0015.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the role of interface reinforcement-concrete on the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Two aspects of the defects of interface quality were analyzed: non-uniformity of fresh concrete and loading. For the former the defects due to bleeding and settlement were studied and for the latter the defects were created by controlled pull-out of reinforcement. The corrosion of reinforcement was measured by the polarisation resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The performances of ordinary and self-compacting concrete were compared
Lapointe, Vincent. "Initiation et propagation de la corrosion dans un élément de béton armé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26072/26072.pdf.
Full textChloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is an important issue that greatly decreases the service life of all concrete structures exposed to marine environments or de-icing salts. This study analysed the phenomenon of corrosion initiation on reinforced mortar specimens and the behavior of several corroded reinforcing bars. The main objective of the study was to observe the actual influence of cement mineralogy on the various mechanisms of corrosion initiation on steel reinforcement. Contributing to the elaboration of a tool that will be able to predict the service life of a reinforced concrete structures exposed to chlorides, this research also allowed to put forward new information for the civil engineering community, helping engineers and owners optimizing concrete formulations, and improving the durability of concrete constructions. The project was divided in two parts. The first one is aimed at isolating a threshold concentration of chloride-ions that would initiate corrosion. The mortar specimens were exposed to chloride-ions in a controlled environment, by chloride ponding, and the evolution of corrosion was observed with non-destructive electrochemical measurements. Different factors were taken into consideration during these tests: the water/cement ratio, the cement mineralogy, and the various type of reinforcing bars preparation. Going trough this paper, you will learn about the consequences that come from the variation of these factors on the corrosion initiation. The second part of the project studied the effects of corrosion on the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement. The data that resulted from the traction tests, on the bars, at different corrosion levels, are also presented in this document. According to the results of the study, reducing the water/cement ratio and increasing the C3A content led to a longer corrosion initiation time. As for the cracking time of the different mortar specimens, it appeared to be independent from these two factors. Moreover, sandblasted bars were found to be a lot more resistant to corrosion than the brushed bars. In the end, the critical concentration of chloride-ions was found to be around 0.3% by weight of dry mortar or 1.2% by weight of cement. This threshold value was precisely evaluated studying different specimens with and without bars. Furthermore, this threshold value seems independent of the concentration of C3A, the type of bar preparation or the water/cement ratio.
Hamdan, Ziad. "Evolution de la corrosion des aciers du béton armé en ambiances agressives." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0024.
Full textLejouad, Chaymaa. "Compréhension du fonctionnement dynamique de structures en béton armé en présence de corrosion." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST070.
Full textReinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes of the decrease in the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures over time. The literature clearly reports a very limited number of experimental studies aimed at characterizing the dynamic behavior of corroded RC structures by the means of dynamic loadings.To improve the state of knowledge in terms of dynamic behavior of corroded RC structures, an experimental campaign is conducted on large-scale RC beams. These beams are corroded using an accelerated corrosion technique and subjected to quasi-static as well as dynamic loadings.From the experimental results, the evaluation of certain quantities of interest, in particular the bearing capacity, the ductility, the hysteretic capacity, the natural frequencies and the damping ratios, is carried out. Therefore, the effect of corrosion on these different quantities is revealed and the comparison between the conclusions drawn by dynamic and quasi-static tests is established.In order to capitalize the experimental campaign results, a numerical model is developed. This multifiber model, with a low computational cost, integrates certain effects of corrosion pathology, in particular the localized reduction of the corroded bars section, the degradation of the mechanical properties of the steel and the concrete cover cracking. A sensitivity study of the developed model to these different components was carried out, in comparison with the experimental results
Dekoster, Mickaël. "Étude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé dégradé par la corrosion." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/475c3e2b-1352-42dd-897d-525f2374f998.
Full textOuglova, Anna. "Etude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé atteintes par la corrosion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0034.
Full textIn the reinforced concrete structures, by nature, the reinforcing steel is covered with a protective film consisted of iron oxides. Penetration of aggressive externat agents can destabilize the film and initiale corrosion. When the layer of corrosion products grows around of the steel, loss of the rebat cross-section which is transformed into rust, decrease of rebat ductility, cracking and delamination of the concrete and loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement can be observed. The mechanical load capacity decreases and the ruin mechanism of concrete structures can change. The necessity is Io understand phenomena due to corrosion in order to perform a re-evaluation of the service lifetime of the reinforced concrete structures attacked by the corrosion
Frohard, Fabien. "Durabilité des éco-bétons : Impact des additions cimentaires alternatives sur la corrosion des armatures dans les bétons armés." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7927.
Full textKreit, Amjad. "Prolongation de la durée de vie des ouvrages en béton armé." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0059/document.
Full textThe effectiveness of the NSM technique for repairing or strengthening the RC structures is highly dependent on the bond strength behavior between CFRP rods and concrete. Many recent studies have been conducted to evaluate bond strength on undamaged concrete specimens because of the complexity of this problem. On the contrary, the behavior of repaired specimens may be affected, first, by pre-loading conditions, and the other, depending on specific damage that could be encountered in the existing structures. Indeed, damage in concrete or in reinforcement can change the global behavior of repaired elements by reducing the bearing capacity.First, large-scale bending tests were carried out to study the behavior of reinforced concrete beams. On the one hand, various types of damage were considered such as the steel corrosion and excessive loads. On the one hand, different pre-loading conditions including sustaining loads at the time of implementation repair were studied. The behavior of the beam strengthened control is distinguished by its fragile side which is accompanied by sudden failure due to pull-out of the CFRP NSM rod, followed by splitting of concrete pieces in the concrete cover and a crushing of concrete in compressive zone. On the other hand, the failure mode of corroded repaired beam occurred by concrete cover delamination in the tension zone at the level of insertion of CFRP NSM rod that started between two bending cracks in the central area and has spread to the support. Then, in order to understand the origin of the failure mode, global behavior, stiffness, ductility, and bearing capacity of repaired corroded beam, an experimental tests were performed by varying the parameters relating to the consequences of corrosion (such as generalized loss of bottom steel section, concrete cover delamination failure and bond strength failure between concrete and reinforcing steel). However, the failure occurred by the concrete cover delamination between two adjacent bending cracks was never obtained on the repaired corroded beam. For our simulations: The failure was due to pull-out of CFRP rod. In all cases, the bearing capacity measured for repaired damaged beams was greater than that of control beam (non-repaired).Finally, since the structures requiring repair by applying composite materials are not recent, and consequently, number of damages occurred due to mechanical stress (long-term sustained overloading, short term accidental load), an experimental part was interested in the use of CFRP NSM rods to repair of beams damaged by excessive load, and then repaired under or without sustained load. A damage can slightly reduce the bearing capacity of the repaired beams (less than 8% compared to the strengthened control beam). The repair of beams under sustained load has a non-significant effect by reducing the bearing capacity between 5% and 6% compared to the damaged beams repaired without sustained load. The damages of the pre-loaded RC beams repaired with NSM failed by the tearing of the carbon rod "pull-out" due to the longitudinal cracks developed in the epoxy resin volume, which leads to loss of adhesion between the CFRP rod and the sealing material by slightly reducing their bearing capacity. While, the RC beams damaged by overloading which were repaired showed a different mode of failure (crushing of concrete in compression) with also a significant reduction in their ultimate bearing capacity values
Vu, Ngoc tru. "Contribution à l'étude de la corrosion par carbonatation du béton armé : approche expérimentale et probabiliste." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0008/document.
Full textThe steel corrosion induced by carbonation is a major cause of degradation of the reinforced concrete structures. Two stages arise: the steel depassivation due to the decrease of pH of the pore solution and the effective initiation, and then the propagation. A wide experimental study was carried out focusing on the first stage, in order to emphasize the effect of the exposure conditions, the type of cement and the concrete mixes, and the carbonation conditions of the concrete cover. In all a set of 27 configurations was investigated. The free potential of corrosion and the resistance of polarization were measured in the course of the experiment during one year. Regularly the Tafel coefficients along with the mass of corrosion products were also measured. The set of data was analyzed in order to derive the detection thresholds of the effective onset of corrosion associated with the electrochemical parameters, from the calculation of the probabilities of good or bad alarm. The threshold of the mass of corrosion products corresponding to this detection was also derived. The tests on concrete probes (porosity, permeability, etc.) supplied data that were used to calibrate a finite element model of the onset of corrosion: this model was found in fairly good agreement with the experimental results
Nasser, Abdelkader. "La corrosion des aciers dans le béton à l'état passif et par carbonatation : prise en compte des courants galvaniques et des défauts d'interface acier-béton." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1091/.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the durability of nuclear waste deep storage structures. The work carried out is essentially an experimental study, and focuses on the corrosion of steel in the passive state with aerated or non-aerated conditions on the one hand, and the corrosion of steel in carbonated concrete during the propagation phase on the other hand. Indeed, the pore solution of concrete in contact with the metal is alkaline (pH between 12 and 13). Under these conditions, steel reinforced concrete remains passive by forming a stable and protective oxide layer (corrosion of steel in the passive state). This passive layer limits the steel corrosion rate at very low values (negligible on a short life time) but not null. For the nuclear waste storage structures due to a very long life time (up to several hundred years), this low corrosion rate can become a risk. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evolution of the oxide layer growth over time. The objectives of the thesis are to study the influence of the steel-concrete interface quality on reinforcement corrosion in passive and active state, and the possible occurrence of galvanic corrosion currents between different reinforcement steel areas. The study of corrosion in the passive state showed the presence of a new oxide layer, rich in calcium, formed post-casting by transformation of initial oxides layer such as magnetite whatever the conservation condition. The presence of interface steel-concrete default increases the kinetics of formation of this new layer. Despite of this, corrosion rates in passive state measured with or without default interface are equivalent and corrosion rates remain less than 0. 6 ?A/year (0. 05 ?A/cm2). The study of corrosion due to concrete carbonation shows clearly that extremely important galvanic corrosion currents can propagate between different reinforcement areas, especially in the presence of interface steel-concrete default
Ali, Alvarez Shamyr Sadat. "Capteurs de corrosion à fibre optique pour la surveillance répartie d’ouvrages en béton armé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI042.
Full textCorrosion of reinforced bars (rebars) in concrete structures remains a major issue in civil engineering works, being its detection and evolution a challenge for the applied research. Usual non-destructive corrosion detection methods involve impedance, potential or ultra-sonic indirect measurements of complex interpretation. Besides, they are restricted to near-surface examinations and the maintenance cost is still high (scheduled maintenance). Many efforts remain to be done to survey the onset and progression of corrosion processes in a reliable way. In this work, we present a new methodology to detect the onset of corrosion and to monitor its evolution, based on the direct observation of rebar–concrete interface changes by the use of an Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS). The corrosion attack over rebar surface depends on several physical, chemical and electrochemical parameters (temperature, pH, presence of chlorides/CO2, biological contamination, etc.). Two types of mechanical behavior and described. In the first case (carbonation), metal oxidation products stay at the interface and increase internal pressure, potentially leading to a crack of the external concrete layer. In the second case (pitting), metal ions are evacuated out of the structure, leading to a reduction of the rebar section (structural weakness). An innovative sensor design is proposed with the purpose of localizing and quantifying the amount of both corrosion types. The basic principle consists in measuring the impact of corrosion over the state of strain of a prestressed optical fiber. Two metrological techniques are used: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). Accelerated corrosion tests were performed in electrolytic solutions for both kinds of corrosion types (pitting and carbonation) and provide a proof-of-concept for the technique. A low-cost, simplified manufacturing procedure is proposed with the aim to provide distributed and in situ Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), suitable for future Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) of civil engineering concrete structures
Barrera, Eduardo. "Évaluation et analyse de l'initiation de la corrosion dans des éléments de béton armé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25611.
Full textThe main objective of the study was to validate the existence of a scale effect of the initiation corrosion time related to the size of the reinforced concrete elements. Eighteen beams were poured with the same characteristics: same cross-section, same concrete pouring, same steel batch, same thickness of concrete and same curing conditions. The only difference between the beams was their length. Six beams were built to the length of 0.60 metres, six to 1.80 metres and six to 3.0 meters. The elements were exposed to a saline environment (3% of NaCl) with wetting cycles of 2.5 days and drying cycles of 4.5 days. It was confirmed that in the work conditions of the project, the size of the reinforced concrete elements has an influence on the corrosion initiation time. The initiation time decreases as the size of the element increases.
Fajardo, San Miguel Gerardo del Jesus. "Technique d'extraction électrochimique des chlorures : contribution a la connaissance de son domaine d'efficacité." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30292.
Full textThe objective of this work is to define the parameters, capable of rehabilitating a corroded concrete structure by the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction technique (ECE), and more precisely to clarify the application conditions of this technique. For that, the ECE technique was applied to reinforced concrete specimens before being exposed to an artificial seawater under two conditions (splash and tidal zones). The influence of various parameters was studied (chloride contamination level, state of degradation of rebar, quality and cover depth of concrete). The results demonstrate that, the characteristics of the initial profile intervened only for larger cover depths, the reduction in the chloride content near to steel – concrete interface depends on the degradation of steel and the repassivation was not systematic. The ECE treatment applied to specimens presenting a high steel corrosion rate is not sufficient to guarantee a prolongation of their service life
Silva, Rita de Cássia. "Contribution à l'analyse probabiliste de la performance des ponts en béton armé." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000956.
Full textVololonirina, Oly Miharisoa. "Contribution à l'évaluation des capacités des glycérophosphates pour la maintenance dans le béton armé." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1818/.
Full textCorrosion inhibitors are chemical substances used to decrease the corrosion rate of concrete rebars. This work focuses on a sodium and lithium glycerophosphate based inhibitor, to be applied on the hardened surface of concrete and commercialised by PAREX LANKO. Besides the main products, which are constituted by isomers alpha and beta of glycerophosphates, the commercial product contains by-products of synthesis. The main objectives of the thesis are the physical and chemical characterization of the inhibitor, the study of its possible interaction with concrete especially the eventual reactions with the cement matrix, the type of penetration of the inhibitor through concrete and its influence on the transfer properties as well as its efficiency toward corrosion by means of electrochemical measurements. The experimental study of these different aspects is synthesised thanks to a numerical modelling
Dehoux, Anita. "Propriétés mécaniques des couches de produits de corrosion à l'interface acier / béton." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828155.
Full textZhang, Ruijin. "Phase d’initiation et de propagation de la corrosion dans les structures en béton armé et leurs conséquences sur la durée de vie." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000234/.
Full textThe thesis aims to study both initiation and propagation phase of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment. Experiments were carried out in order to investigate the initiation period and the beginning of the propagation period in relation with the steel-concrete interface quality. Specific high size reinforced concrete members were cast to create various steel-concrete interface qualities and were stored in a saline environment. Polarisation resistance was measured regularly to assess the corrosion rate. Results show firstly the significant influence of the steel-concrete interface condition on corrosion initiation and propagation. In the propagation period, two different phases were observed: In the first phase, pitting corrosion attacks (local corrosion) lead to concrete cracking characterized by small width cracks propagating along the reinforcing bars and in front the pitting attacks. In the second phase, due to the presence of these cracks, the local corrosion turns to a generalised corrosion propagating all along the reinforcing bars and leading to an important increase of the corrosion cracks width. This last point is totally in connection with the other part of the work carried out on large size reinforced concrete beams, which were 22 years old at the beginning of the thesis and in corrosion propagation phase since many years. The investigations performed on these old beams confirm the results obtained on the high size concrete members experiments (i. E. The propagation period divided into two different phases: local and generalised corrosion). A model was already developed in the past allowing predicting the corrosion state of the reinforcing bars from the cracks width during pitting corrosion period. To generalise the model to the whole corrosion process, a new model is proposed in this thesis linking the generalised corrosion in term of steel cross-section reduction to the corrosion cracking geometry and width. These results are important because representatives of the natural process. Indeed, these two different phases in the corrosion propagation period do not exist in usual accelerated tests under electric current. According to this new approach of the corrosion propagation phase, a new model is proposed for the assessment of reinforced concrete structures serviceability versus corrosion. During the pitting corrosion phase, the serviceability of the structural members is only affected by the steel-concrete bond reduction leading to a global deflection increase. At this stage the steel cross-section reductions are so local that they do no affect the global behaviour. Then, in the second propagation phase, the generalisation of the corrosion, which leads to a homogeneous steel loss all along the reinforcing bars, is taken into account as a coupled effect of the cross-section and bond reduction. At last, experiment performed up to failure on one 23 years old beam confirms the direct correlation between the reduction of the bearing capacity and in steel cross-section. Finally, the long term experiments carried out on the old reinforced concrete beams show that reinforced concrete structures can perfectly ensure a good quality of serviceability for a very long time in corrosion propagation period. Regarding the structural performance reduction, results have shown that the propagation period can be as long as the initiation phase in the service life. Therefore, the propagation period should be considered as a normal step in the service life span
Silva, Rita de Cassia. "Contribution à l'analyse probabiliste de la performance des ponts en béton armé." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000956.
Full textMitzithra, Maria Eleni. "Detection of corrosion of reinforced concrete on cooling towers of energy production sites." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2135/.
Full textThe current thesis is the result of a study funded by Electricité de France -Research and Development (EDF R&D). It aims to develop an original methodology for a better estimation of the state of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete of cooling towers, due to atmospheric carbonation, based on a double approach: the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and the electrochemical measurement of polarization resistance1. GPR can be used for detecting zones with a high risk of corrosion (detection of contrasts of permittivity). In addition, GPR is used for the location of steel rebars and the estimation of concrete cover thickness. On the zones identified by GPR with high risk of corrosion, it is proposed to use the polarization resistance measurement to define quantitatively the corrosion activity. This study proposes an original simple operative measurement mode, adapted only for this particular context. After a critical analysis of the existing devices of the polarization resistance measurement, a novel probe is proposed. A numerical model of this probe is developed. Based on the results of the model, abacuses are built in order to gather the real electrochemical proprieties of the steel reinforcement (potential and current) from those values measured on the concrete surface. The role of the influencing factors i. E. Physical (injected current, resistivity), geometric (concrete cover, probe's position) and electrochemical (state of the reinforcement), are fully investigated. The proposed model is applied in a laboratory environment, by reproducing the real site conditions2. The experimental work proves its feasibility, efficiency and effectiveness (within certain limits) by confirming its theoretical principles and indicating some uncertainties during its application. Finally, a primary operational protocol for the on site utilization of the technique is proposed
Tong, Yun Yun. "Traitement électrochimique de réalcalinisation pour la préparation du béton armé dégradé par carbonatation." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01349734.
Full textAlvarado-Maciel, Omar. "Extraction électrochimique des chlorures du béton : approches expérimentales et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30149.
Full textNguyen, Quang Thanh. "Etudes expérimentale et théorique de l'effet de la corrosion sur la fissuration du béton et le comportement global des structures en béton armé." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066306.
Full textElghazy, Mohammed. "FRCM composites for strengthening corrosion-damaged structures : experimental and numerical investigations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29567.
Full textCorrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the most destructive mechanisms for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Corrosion not only impairs the structural integrity and the serviceability of the damaged structure, but it may also lead to unexpected and brittle failures. Despite the rigorous provisions of most codes of practice to avoid corrosion, evidences of corrosion damage are still being reported. Recently, fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems were proposed as an innovative strengthening/repair technique for RC structures to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of the well-documented fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems. While the use of FRCM composites to strengthen un-damaged RC members has proven its efficiency, very little is known about the viability of their use to retrofit RC members with various levels of corrosion damage. In addition, the post-repair performance and the long-term durability of the FRCM-strengthened corroded members, which most likely will be exposed to the same environmental conditions that have prevailed prior their repair, have not received attention in the literature. Moreover, most of our infrastructures such as bridges and parking garages are susceptible to corrosion damage while continuously being subjected to oscillatory loads that cause fatigue. To date, no information is available about the effect of combining fatigue loading with corrosion in FRCM-strengthened structures. In this work, the monotonic and fatigue flexural behaviors of corrosion-damaged RC beams strengthened with FRCM systems were investigated in addition to their long-term performance, i.e. after further exposure to corrosive environment following their strengthening. The work includes experimental and numerical investigations. The analytical predictions and theoretical formulations that are currently available in the design codes have been verified against the experimental results. The experimental program consisted of testing thirty (30) large-scale RC beams of 150×250×2800 mm. The beams were constructed and tested under four-point load configuration. An accelerated corrosion process was utilized to corrode the bottom steel reinforcement in the middle third of the test specimens. The test parameters included the level of corrosion damage (represented by 10, 20, and 30% mass loss in the tensile steel), the type of the strengthening system used (Polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO-FRCM), C-FRCM, and FRP), the amount of FRCM composites (1, 2, 3, and 4 layers), the FRCM strengthening Scheme (end-anchored versus continuously wrapped layers), and the loading regime (monotonic and fatigue). The test results showed that the use of FRCM composites significantly enhanced the flexural behavior of the corroded beams. FRCM governed the failure mode of the strengthened beams rather than the level of corrosion damage of the steel bars. FRCM-strengthened beams showed an increase in their ultimate strengths that ranged between 7 and 65% of that of the virgin (neither corroded nor strengthened) beam based on the type, amount, and Scheme of the FRCM used. Exposing the repaired beams to post-repair corrosion resulted in 23% reduction in the steel mass loss. The U-wrapped scheme was more efficient than the end-anchoring scheme in delaying the delamination of the FRCM plies in the short-term repaired beams. It also mitigated the effect of the longitudinal corrosion cracks and consequently increased the post-repair strengthening effectiveness of FRCM systems. Fatigue tests showed that corrosion of steel bars dramatically decreased the fatigue life of the unstrengthened-beams. Strengthening with FRCM composites increased the fatigue life of the corrosion-damaged beams by 38 to 377% of that of the corroded-unstrengthened beams. However, FRCM strengthening did not restore the fatigue life of the virgin beams. In the numerical study carried out in this work, three-dimensional finite element (FE) models were developed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the corroded beams strengthened with FRCM and FRP composites using the software package ATENA-3D. The results of the numerical analysis were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally in terms of failure modes, strains, load-carrying capacities, and deflections. The developed FE models were able to capture the non-linear behavior of the tested beams with good accuracy. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the effect of concrete compressive strength and thickness of concrete cover on the strengthening effectiveness of the composite systems. It was observed that failure of RCM-strengthened beams was independent of the compressive strength of concrete or the thickness of the concrete cover and was governed only by fabric slippage within the matrix. Analytically, the design equations of ACI-549.4R-13 (ACI 2013) were assessed using the experimental data obtained from the tests. It was concluded that the theoretical formulations of CI-549.4R-13 can reasonably predict the ultimate strengths of the end-anchored strengthened beams but underestimated those of continuously-anchored beams. A scheme factor of 1.1 was then proposed to calculate the nominal strength of beams strengthened with continuously-wrapped shape of FRCM. The outcome of this work has been published (or submitted for publication) in five journal articles and five conferences, as detailed throughout the thesis.
Auger, Jérôme. "Mise au point et développement d’un procédé d'aide à la déconstruction des ouvrages en béton armé." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000339/.
Full textThe objective of the work is to propose an alternative to the traditional techniques of deconstruction of massive structures made of reinforced concrete. The purpose is to attack the structures by two pathologies known to be extremely noxious to reinforced concrete: sulfate attack and chloride corrosion. Transport and reaction phenomena (with the cement matrix and the reinforcement bars) are accelerated by the application of an external electricla field. First a review of the literature on the agressive species (sulfate and chloride) allowed to develop accelerated tests. The transfer of ionic species during the phase of migration was studied by numerical modelling. A scenario of attack, tried on different body sizes, was then proposed from the results of different experimental campaigns on accelerated tests
Tahlaiti, Mahfoud. "Etude de la pénétration des chlorures et de l'amorçage de la corrosion en zone saturée et en zone de marnage." La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS290.
Full textThe reinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes of degradation of reinforced concrete structures in Europe. More particularly in coastal areas where chloride ions, present in sea water, were clearly identified as the trigger factor of chemical process leading to corrosion. At this time, corrosion initiates. In this context, the determination of this critical value for the corrosion initiation and the corresponding time are the key elements in the prediction of the prediction of materials service life. In this work, four types of ordinary reinforced concretes (C15, C22, C4 and C30) have been exposed in three different environments: A tidal area at the port of La Rochelle, a tidal simulator with a saline solution (0,5 M NaCl) designed in the laboratory where the exposure conditions are controlled and a cell migration where an electric field has been applied in order to speed up the chlorides penetration. Electrochemical measurements (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS, corrosion potential and polarization resistance) were carried out to follow the transport processes leading to the corrosion. A study of materials characterization was performed to collect transfer properties of each concrete. Morphological descriptions (SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDXA Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis) of the steel-concrete interface gave further informations on the microstructure and the physico-chemical mechanisms. Finally, a one-dimensional numerical model and multi-species of chloride transport based on the Nernst-Planck equation was developed. The Chemical reactivity of cement based materials is taken into account through the adsorption isotherms
Orellan, Herrera Juan-Carlos. "Efficacité et effets secondaires des techniques électrochimiques de maintenance des structures en béton armé." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30220.
Full textTissier, Yolaine. "Etude des processus de corrosion et de la réparation par traitement électrochimique d’extraction des ions chlorure dans les bétons armés doublement contaminés (carbonatation et chlorures)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1207/document.
Full textReinforcement corrosion is known as the first cause of reinforced concrete degradation in the fields of civil engineering structures and historical monuments. Corrosion occurs when concrete cover is carbonated or when chloride ions are present in sufficient quantity at the reinforcement vicinity.The main objectives of this thesis are to investigate the corrosion processes of the reinforcement when the concrete is contaminated by carbonation as well as chloride ions and to evaluate a cathodic electrochemical treatment as a repair solution.To meet these objectives, three phases were investigated: (1) artificial agings, (2) an electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) treatment and (3) durability. For each of these phases, the evolutions (1) of the rebar corrosion in concrete, (2) of the corrosion products at the reinforcement/concrete interface and (3) of the cementitious matrix were studied.The scientific approach gathered multiple analyzes at different scales and the use of non-destructive, destructive or in situ technique. It allowed to study the corrosion processes before and after treatment and to discuss results according to efficiency criteria suggested.The study was carried out taking into account two cements (CEM I and CEM III/A) and considering two modes of artificial aging. More than three hundred specimens of reinforced micro-concrete, corresponding to four concrete designs, were therefore studied. The main techniques used were non-destructive electrochemical characterizations, SEM and EDS characterizations, destructive quantitative determinations (chloride ion content) and qualitative determinations (pH evaluation), and finally Raman microspectrometry to determine the nature of the corrosion products.The results highlighted some evolutions of different characteristics studied during the phases of the study. Before treatment, the concrete cover was entirely carbonated and the free chloride content at the reinforcement level was in the range of 0.9-2.1% by weight of cement depending on the concrete design. A 10 μA/cm² average corrosion currents was reported and a homogeneous corrosion layer thickness of about 5-10 μm was observed. During in situ Raman analysis, chloride green rust was identified indicating an active corrosion.After treatment, more than 90% of the chloride ions were extracted and the thickness of the concrete which had a pH value higher than 9 around the reinforcement, was about 1 cm. The corrosion currents became less than 0.1 μA/cm² (negligible corrosion level). The formation of magnetite was mostly observed with nevertheless a local presence of residual green rust. No significant deleterious evolution of the cementitious matrix was identified. The treatment efficiency was therefore demonstrated. The evaluation of the treatment durability over a period of 4 to 12 months showed that the electrochemical characteristics remained stable. On the other hand, a decrease in the concrete area which pH increased during the electrochemical treatment was observed for CEM III/A cement which could lead to a corrosion recovery over the longer term. Finally, the in situ Raman study revealed differences in durability as a function of the treatment duration
Lasvaladas, Irène. "Rôle des cendres volantes et de la microfissuration sur la corrosion des armatures de béton armé." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30110.
Full textDous, Omar. "Évaluation de la probabilité de corrosion des armatures dans les dalles de béton armé par radar." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1822.
Full textGagnon, Frédéric. "Enrobage de l'armature dans le béton projeté : évaluation et effets." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22341/22341.pdf.
Full textSince the first shotcrete nozzleman certification held by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) in the spring of 2001, the program has continuously grown in popularity. The nozzleman certification consists of making sure that the nozzle operator are capable of operating shotcrete equipments and apply shotcrete in a safe and effective manner. A significant part of the certification program consists of evaluating the rebar encasement on specific core extracts from shotcrete panels. Encasement is considered adequate or not by an examiner accredited by the ACI, according to a qualitative evaluation based on established parameters such as the presence of voids or defaults behind bars. However, there is a limited amount of objective information available to determine what is acceptable or not as for the quality of an encasement. This document presents experimental results relating to the evaluation of the effects of defects on durability and structural properties of a shotcrete application. More particularly, the effect of a poor quality encapsulation on the initiation of corrosion of reinforcing bars and on the properties of the bond between reinforcing steel and shotcrete are visited. The shotcrete’s consistency (amount of water added at the lance), the concrete cover thickness, the types of defects created behind the bar by a poor workmanship have a major importance on the properties of a shotcrete work.
Thang, Anh Long. "Évaluation de la dégradation du béton par ondes ultrasonores." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10164.
Full textGhantous, Rita maria. "Identification des phases d'nitiation et de propagation de la corrosion des armatures enrobées dans un béton fissuré et carbonaté." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0031/document.
Full textThis thesis is performed in partnership with EDF in the framework of concrete ageing management of cooling towers of Electricity of France (EDF) nuclear power plants. Indeed some of them can be affected by cracks which may promote the carbonation of the concrete cover and accelerate the reinforcement corrosion initiation. The objective of this work is to characterize the impact of these cracks on the initiation and propagation of reinforcement corrosion. A dedicated experimental program is detailed. Firstly, a cracking protocol reproducing cracks found in the concrete of cooling towers is defined. Particular attention was paid to limit the damage along the steel/mortar interface. Cracked specimens are thereafter exposed to accelerated carbonation for the dual purpose of measuring the length of the damaged interface and accelerating the depassivation of the rebar deep in the crack in order to accelerate the corrosion initiation. The corrosion is controlled in the laboratory via raining/drying cycles and its state is characterized by several technics (desquamation, optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, monitoring of the free corrosion potential). Different configurations representative of the cooling towers are tested (three crack openings, 2 crack orientations, temperature, relative humidity, etc.). Obtained results show that after the corrosion initiation period, the corrosion kinetics decreases rapidly and the reinforcement tends to repassivation. This repassivation is related to the formation of oxide layer deep in the crack limiting therefore the access of water and oxygen to the rebar
Mai-Nhu, Jonathan. "Corrosion des armatures du béton : couplage carbonatation-chlorures en présence de cycles hydriques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2059/.
Full textMastering and optimizing the durability of concrete structures and especially prefabricated products is a major challenge for the entire profession. The goal of this work is to focus on the knowledge and the needs for assessing the performance of the reinforcement to the corrosion phenomenon and to heighten the mechanisms comprehension. Finally, this work allows coming up with a model able to simulate the penetration of chlorides in saturated environment or with wetting-drying cycles, the carbonation, the combination between these two mechanisms and the reinforcement corrosion in variable hydric conditions. A huge experimental campaign leads to a complete characterization of the mechanical, chemical and physical properties of several concretes and their performance towards to the main aggressive environment for the reinforcement corrosion. The final goal of this research project is to come up with a comprehensive and accurate model which should be able to consider all the most important coupled phenomena linked to the concrete durability, from the penetration of aggressive species to the real initiation of the corrosion phenomenon. First practical applications will consist in assessing the lifetime of the concrete structures in a probabilistic way and optimizing the design of concrete cover thickness by taking into account the intrinsic properties of the materials and the environmental conditions. This work allows quantifying the gain in durability performance of concrete product exposed to a risk of reinforcement corrosion obtained by increase the density level, optimize the cast process, or optimize the characteristic of the binder
Poupard, Olivier. "Etude du transfert de chlorures et de l'initiation de la corrosion d'un acier au sein d'un matériau cimentaire saturé, suivi par spectroscopie d'impédance." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS062.
Full textFriedmann, Hubert. "Modélisation multi-espèces de l'électrodiffusion instationnaire des ions chlorures dans les mortiers de ciment : intégration de la double couche électrique." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS086.
Full textChloride penetration in concrete initiates corrosion of the reinforcement. The aim of this work is to model the chloride ion transport in cement based-materials in non-steady state, according to a multi-species approach, and integrating electrical double layer phenomena occurring at the interfaces of the porous media. Equations of transfer, obtained by the thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes are solved by a numerical method in order to simulate the electrical current evolution recorded during an accelerated test. Comparison between simulated and experimental currents obtained on mortars shows a great improvement compared to a purely geometrical model, based on the concept of diffusibility. A significant overlapping of negatively charged diffuse layers within the small pores is the cause of a slowing effect of the electrical current evolution
Louhi, Amine. "Intégrité des tours aéroréfrigérantes en béton armé sous sollicitations extrêmes : Vent et séisme." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0114/document.
Full textThe authorities have planned to increase the lifetime of currently operating nuclear power plants. The ageing of reinforced concrete structures such as cooling towers should be evaluated and its impact on the bearing capacity calculated. In the case of significant damage, the strengthening must be considered to ensure the sustainability of these towers facing the risk of storms and earthquakes becoming more and more frequent. This work aims to quantify the adverse effects that can generate concrete cracks and rebar section loss induced by corrosion, especially on the bearing capacity of nuclear power plant cooling towers under monotonic or cyclic extreme load conditions (wind and earthquake). These loads are certainly the most severe, since they take the structure into the nonlinear domain and can induce or amplify cracking damage. Numerical simulations are proposed to determine the quasi-static or dynamic response of the structure, taking into account appearance of concrete cracks and their evolution via an appropriate material concrete law and rebar's yielding. In the case of a seismic load, the responses are evaluated by three different methods; the nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA), the response spectrum analysis and the modal response history analysis (MRHA) in order to compare the earthquake modeling approaches and to evaluate the robustness of the results. Parametric studies on damping, load combinations and structural configurations, are also performed. In the case of a wind load, the strengthening technique using composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is modeled. The behavior of the damaged structure with an advanced corrosion rate is estimated in the pre- and post-cracking regime, compared to the undamaged structure. The drop of bearing capacity is quantified, a reinforcement designed is proposed to restore the integrity and thus increase the lifetime of the structure