Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton – Chimie'
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Yammine, Joumana. "Rhéologie des bétons fluides à hautes performances : relations entre formulations, propriétés rhéologiques, physico-chimie et propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482782.
Full textFaucon, Pascal. "Durabilite du beton : physico-chimie de l'alteration par l'eau." Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CERG0020.
Full textCourault, Anne-Christine. "Simulation expérimentale des C-S-H (CaO-SiO₂-H₂O) dans les bétons modernes : étude de la composition et des propriétés à l'équilibre dans des milieux complexes." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS091.
Full textPlanel, David. "Les effets couplés de la précipitation d'espèces secondaires sur le comportement mécanique et la dégradation chimique des bétons." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0131.
Full textSulfate attack of cement-based materials remains an important problem for the durability assessment of containers and disposal engineering barriers dedicated to the long-term storage of radioactive wastes since underground water which may reach these elements contains small quantities of sulfates (7-31 mmol/l). This work contributes to the study of sulfate-induced damage mechanisms, to their understanding and modelling. The experimental phases of this study aimed at the understanding of the different physico-chemical phenomena involved during an external sulfate attack at following their evolution and their impact on the transport and mechanical properties of the material. Leaching experiments in pure water and in a solution of sodium sulfate (with a sulfate content of 15 mmol/l) , have been performed simultaneously on OPC paste (w/c 0,4)in order to allow a comparison of test results. The frequent analysis of the leachant has shown a consumption of sulfate ions by the matrix, proportional to the square rate of time. The use of X-Ray Diffraction on powders, obtained by « scraping » the calcium-depleted part of the samples, led a precise view of the cement paste mineralogy, during sulfate attack. The use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) confirmed the correctness of XRD profiles and brought important informations concerning cracking distribution and localisation. In addition, a visual monitoring of crack appearance and evolution completed the previous observations. Based on these experimental results, a simplified model accounting for the chemical degradation of cement paste in sulfated water has been proposed. A geochemical code, coupling the chemistry in solution with the reactive transport in porous media has been used for this purpose. The model accounts for the evolution of transport properties (diffusivity) associated with the calcium-depleting of the cement matrix and the precipitation of secondary phases (gypsum, ettringite) in the porous space. The results of the reactive transport calculations have then been used to model the mechanical behaviour of the samples subjected to a sulfate attack. The constitutive mechanical model used in this study, is based on physical concepts like the generation of internal auto-stresses in concrete, induced by the precipitation of secondary phases in the porous space. It accounts for anisotropic damage and assumes that cracking can appear depending on several thresholds associated with the behaviour of the material in tension, compression and related to internal stresses originating from secondary phases precipitation
Michaud, Valérie. "Simulation expérimentale de l'alcali-réaction des bétons : étude de l'influence des ions sulfate." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS067.
Full textKada-Benameur, Hassina. "Techniques de mesures fluxmétriques appliquées à l'étude de la cinétique d'hydratation des bétons : calorimétrie isotherme et mesures directes sur ouvrages." Artois, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0203.
Full textLibessart, Laurent. "Influence de la composition des agents de démoulage à l'interface coffrage-béton : impact sur l'esthétique des parements en béton." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0208.
Full textVery common in the civil engineering industry, release agents are used to facilitate the release of the concrete from the mould. On site, they are sprayed onto the surface of the moulds or onto the formwork before concrete pouring. This CIFRE thesis deals with the behaviour of oils at the concrete/oil/formwork interface. Indeed, the role of form release oils is to prevent the adhesion of the concrete to the walls, to improve the aspect of the facings and to fight against the corrosion of steel surfaces. The most used oils are of mineral origin, but they cause nuisances to the users and the environment. In order to solve the problem, vegetable-based formulations were developed. So as to know the influence of certain chemical parameters on the performances of oils, formulations were carried out on the two families so that each parameter could be analyzed. First of all, the evolution of the viscosity of oils was studied according to temperature. Then, the formwork/oil interface was characterized by means of optical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Measurements of drop angles and surface tensions were also performed in order to study the adhesion of oil to the wall. To finish, tests using a plane-on-plane tribometer and aesthetics study of concrete facings were made. The results enabled us to define the mechanisms intervening in the concrete/oil/formwork interface. Mineral oils act physically by forming a film isolating the wall from the concrete whereas vegetable esters in contact with the concrete generate insoluble, hydrophobic carboxylates
Dehaudt, Sylvain. "Étude de la dégradation d'un béton soumis à la réaction alcali-granulat." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-193.pdf.
Full textLantheaume, Sylvie. "Les microlaitiers métallurgiques : procédés d'obtention, réactivité et traitement thermique." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0042.
Full textPerez, Jean-Philippe. "Etude de l'hydratation des phases constitutives d'un ciment Portland et de la résistance mécanique des pâtes pures et mortiers : influence des trialcanolamines." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS012.
Full textCertain, Pierre-Vincent. "Étude de la robustesse, de l'adhérence et de la durabilité des bétons de réparation à retrait compensé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27860/27860.pdf.
Full textDrying shrinkage is one of the least desirable properties of repair concrete, because in restrained conditions, it may lead to shrinkage cracking and thus adversely affecting durability. Shrinkage compensating concrete (ShCC) is prone to the same drying shrinkage as Portland cement concrete. During the first days of ShCC’s hydration, the expansive agent, added to the cement, induce an expansion what balances approximately the subsequent normal drying shrinkage. This project outlines the study of the robustness of several ShCC mixtures design, in order to delineate some parameters influencing the behavior of ShCC. Two kinds of expansive agent is used, one based on calcium sulfoaluminate (type K) and the other based on calcium oxide (type G). The assessment of the robustness is divided in two parts : the first one aims to evaluate the influence of mixture design parameters (w/b ratio, cement composition, kind and ratio of expansive agent), the second one aspires to study the influence of curing conditions (water availability, temperature) on the expansive behavior. Then, the bond between ShCC repairs and concrete substrates were investigated. Being aware of the influence of the water availability on the expansion, each ShCC mixture design was added on a “dry” and a “wet” substrate. Finally, the freezing and thawing resistance, the scaling resistance, and the ability to resist chloride ion penetration were performed to assess the durability of ShCC mixture design. This study shows that certain ShCC mixture design can reduce the risk of cracking by maintaining the concrete in a compressive state. A low curing temperature prevents the expansion and harms the shrinkage compensation. The absence of curing results to the same observation. The results of bonding strength were generally acceptable. However, in the case of two mixtures design cast on a « wet » substrate, the ShCC layer deboned. The durability tests show a generally good resistance to freezing and thawing cycle and to scaling, but a high permeability to chloride ions.
Huet, Bruno. "Comportement à la corrosion des armatures dans un béton carbonaté : influence de la chimie de la solution interstitielle et d'une barrière de transport." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textThe corrosion phenomenon of steel reinforcement in carbonated concrete is a complex process that is not handled although it is of great importance. The aim of this work is to identify the corrosion mechanism of the reinforcements in order to predict the long-term damage of reinforced concrete. Two main assumptions were analysed with the help of analytical study. Those consist in evaluating the rate-limiting step of the corrosion process : either the anotic reaction or the oxygen transport. Corrosion tests in representative solution of the interstitial solution a carbonated paste cement show that the evolution of metal/solution interface is very sensitive to the aqueous species released in solution during the carbonation process. The modification of the ionic strength and the buffering capacity, which depend on the sulphate and alkaline content, are the main factors that influence the localization of the reaction zones, the nature of the phases formed on the interface, as well as the corrosion rate and its evolution with time. The value of water saturation degree of the concrete cover is one of the main factors that control the corrosion rate. Analytical calculations as well as the experimental results show that for a constant water saturation degree, the corrosion rate in stationary regime is negligible. Thus, species transport in transient states and wetting and drying cycles must be taken into account in the case of the long-term prediction of damage of reinforced concrete structures
Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209/document.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Truc, Olivier. "Prediction of chloride penetration into saturates concrete - multi-species approach." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0019.
Full textBéland, Frédéric. "Détermination de l’influence des paramètres physico-chimiques de base du béton sur la cinétique et le potentiel résiduel de la réaction alcalis-silice." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66411.
Full textThis project evaluates a prognosis approach of the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), based on the residual reactivity of aggregates recovered from a concrete dam, to evaluate ASR’s residual expansion potential. Thus, accelerated expansion tests in immersion conditions of NaOH 1N solution were carried out on mortar specimens containing fine aggregates obtained by crushing of the original aggregate. The experimental conditions were optimized according to 4 granular classes of reactive material and 3 dimensions of mortar specimens. Meanwhile, concrete cores from the dam were disaggregated by immersion in a solution of Na₂SO₄ [25 % by mass] combined with thermal cycling (16 hours at 4°C and 8 hours at 60°C) to recover the aggregates. More than 90 % of the original material was recovered after conditioning. Mortar samples were made using the aggregates recovered and were exposed to optimized conditions. The kinetics of the reactive silica consumption of the latter will be compared to a similar aggregate, but never exposed to ASR. At the same time, the assessment of the available alkali concentration for ASR in the dam’s concrete was studied. High pressure extraction of the pore solution from the concrete allowed to measure concentrations higher than the theoretical alkali balance of about 1.3 kg of Na₂O([subscript] eq)/m³ of concrete. To explain this contribution of alkalis to the concrete, the alkali ion release potential of the aggregates was evaluated. Chemical analyzes, petrographic examinations and the RILEM ACSAAR- 8 and IFSTTAR XP P 18-544 methods have determined that the potential for alkali ion release from the coarse aggregate is negligible. The fine aggregate possibly contributed to the release of alkalis in the cement paste, but due to lack of material, the release potential of the latter could not be confirmed.
Bouhlel, Mohamed. "Comportement du béton au jeune âge sous différentes conditions thermiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28635/28635.pdf.
Full textCementitious materials are used increasingly in the field of civil construction. Several experimental investigations are conducted to better understand the mechanisms controlling the behaviour of concrete and identify the factors responsible to ensure both durability and strength. But the so-called high performance concretes are likely to crack in the first hours after the initiation of the hydration reaction. The durability of concrete is thus affected. This constitutes a challenge for today. This research has been initiated with this perspective in mind. The term young age represents the first days, even the first few hours following the initiation of the reaction of hydration of cement grains. Currently, there is no procedure or experimental setups standardized to assess the behaviour of concrete from an early age. The Research Center on Concrete Infrastructures (CRIB) has developed an experimental device that simulates the behaviour of concrete under conditions of restricted deformation. The assembly, called the assembly for restrained shrinkage deformations (R2D2) was improved as part of this study to help examine the influence of temperature on the behaviour of concrete at early age. Several concrete were formulated and tested based on three types of cements. Five water /cement ratios were tested and several thermal profiles were applied. The influence of the water /cement ratio, the mineralogical composition of cement and the effect of the temperature on the concrete behaviour have been investigated in more depth.
Naar, Raphaëlle. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique du béton par approche multi-physique (couplage chimie-mécanique) : application à la réaction alcali-silice." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481739.
Full textAlvarado-Maciel, Omar. "Extraction électrochimique des chlorures du béton : approches expérimentales et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30149.
Full textComparet, Cédric. "Etude des interactions entre les phases modèles représentatives d'un ciment Portland et des superplastifiants du béton." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS051.
Full textRamacciotti, Muriel. "Etude du comportement rhéologique de mélanges issus de l'interaction corium/béton." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11041.
Full textAyed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textHamouine, Abdelmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier-béton de hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0009.
Full textBenkabou, Rim. "Étude des propriétés nano-mécaniques d’un béton." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS007/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing a numerical multiscale homogenization method for prediction of elasto-viscoplastic properties of a high performance concrete (HPC) where the microstructural heterogeneities are analyzed with the nanoindentation. The homogenization procedure was separated into two-levels according to the microstructure of the HPC: the matrix level composedof hydration products, clinker and fly-ash and the mortar level which accounts for large air porosity and aggregates. The elastoviscoplastic behavior of individual microstructural phases of the matrix are identified from nanoindentation data. An inverse method is applied by using the finite element simulation of the nanoindentaion tests combined with a numerical optimizationprocedure. The micromechanical results are then used as input parameters for numerical elasto-viscoplastic homogenization at microscale. The mortar level is analyzed with numerical homogenization by using the finite element simulation to predict the overall elasto-viscoplastic high performance concrete properties. The results are compared with macroscopic experimental and analytical results from the literature showing a good agreement. The procedure developed in this work gives promising results for the prediction of HPC properties and can be extended to other constitutive laws including damage. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of two concretes prepared with two different adjuvants
Modjabi-Sangnier, François. "Approche quantitative de la notion de compatibilité des bétons de réparation autoplaçants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27477/27477.pdf.
Full textBouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Aubert, Jean-Emmanuel. "Valorisation d'une cendre d'incinérateur d'ordures ménagères traitée par le procédé Revasol R dans des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30203.
Full textGérard, Bruno. "Contribution des couplages mécanique-chimie : transfert dans la tenue à long terme des ouvrages de stockage de dechets radioactifs." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0017.
Full textDivet, Loïc. "Les réactions sulfatiques internes au béton : contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de la formation différée de l'ettringite." Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0375.
Full textMassart, Sébastien. "Méthodologies de l'assimilation de données : application à la chimie atmosphérique et à la mécanique des structures." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT036H.
Full textVallée, Daniel. "Mechanical and chemical characterization of the heterogeneous microstructure of green concrete with mineral additions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30191/30191.pdf.
Full textOne of the main interests of the cement and concrete industries is to better understand the mechanical properties of green concrete systems. This report provides a nano-investigation approach with a one-to-one coupling of the mechanical and chemical responses of ordinary cement pastes and a cement paste with an addition of blast furnace slag. This is achieved by using the technique of nanoindentation and a quantitative investigation of the chemistry by using the scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The mechanical analysis includes the measurement of a relaxation coe_cient, an extension of the already known theory of the nanoindentation technique. The results are implemented with a deterministic analysis of the chemistry, a method allowing the determination of the nature of an indented area from the atomic ratios measured by using the SEM-EDS on this spot, and which can be directly linked to the mechanical responses measured by the nanoindentation tests. A statistical analysis based on the maximum likelihood estimation is also performed in order to identify the mechanical responses of the di_erent chemical phases present. It is found that the most of the microvolumes probed by the mechanical and chemical investigation are heterogeneous composites with intermixing. We could also determine the mechanical properties of monosulfoalumite and hydrotalcite combined with C_S_H, important hydration products of cements with slag additions.
Grimal, Etienne. "Caractérisation des effets du gonflement provoqué par la réaction alcali-silice sur le comportement mécanique d'une structure en béton." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30029.
Full textThe principal structures affected by alkali aggregate reaction (AAR) are dams and bridges. In order to evaluate the safety level and the maintenance costs of its dams, “Electricité de France” (EDF) in collaboration with the Laboratory of Materials and Durability of Constructions (LMDC) has developed a numerical model integrated in the finite element computer code Aster in order to simulate AAR-affected structures. One of the purposes of this model is to quantify both swelling and damage in terms of anisotropy and amplitude. Indeed, recent experimental investigations confirm that AAR swelling becomes strongly anisotropic as soon as the stress state is deviatoric. This model is in the continuity of recent research carried out on AAR simulations, effects of moisture and temperature are take into account. Obtaining a good prediction of expansive phenomena requires the identification and the realistic modelling of physical, chemical and mechanical mechanisms. Among these phenomena, basic creep in compression and tension play a significant role. In this work, a method of identification of the parameters of the model is proposed. The model is tested on an experimental result carried out on mini-structure at the “Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées” (LCPC); finally, the model is used to reproduce the mechanical behavior of “ Temple sur Lot” dam
Clastres, Pierre. "Hydratation et expansion sous contrainte d'un ciment expansif." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612696k.
Full textFajardo, San Miguel Gerardo del Jesus. "Technique d'extraction électrochimique des chlorures : contribution a la connaissance de son domaine d'efficacité." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30292.
Full textThe objective of this work is to define the parameters, capable of rehabilitating a corroded concrete structure by the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction technique (ECE), and more precisely to clarify the application conditions of this technique. For that, the ECE technique was applied to reinforced concrete specimens before being exposed to an artificial seawater under two conditions (splash and tidal zones). The influence of various parameters was studied (chloride contamination level, state of degradation of rebar, quality and cover depth of concrete). The results demonstrate that, the characteristics of the initial profile intervened only for larger cover depths, the reduction in the chloride content near to steel – concrete interface depends on the degradation of steel and the repassivation was not systematic. The ECE treatment applied to specimens presenting a high steel corrosion rate is not sufficient to guarantee a prolongation of their service life
Duchesne, Josée. "Le rôle des ajouts minéraux face aux réactions alcalis-granulats dans le béton : mécanismes de réaction, performance et essais d'évaluation de la performance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28933.
Full textOrellan, Herrera Juan-Carlos. "Efficacité et effets secondaires des techniques électrochimiques de maintenance des structures en béton armé." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30220.
Full textDauzères, Alexandre. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes physico-chimiques des interactions béton-argile dans le contexte du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Dauzeres-Alexandre/2010-Dauzeres-Alexandre-These.pdf.
Full textThese research works are carried out as part of the radioactive wastes geological disposal feasibility study. The current option developed by Andra, includes several cementitious materials in contact with the surrounding Callovo-Oxfordian (COX) (an argillite). Concretes and argillite present very different pore solutions (ionic concentrations and pH). Controlled by the concentrations differences, the aqueous species diffusion in the solids generates chemical and physical disturbances. This study is based on experimental, analytical and numerical works, in order to identify the mechanisms controlling the clayey environment influence on cementitious materials. Two hardened cement pastes (HCP) are studied: a CEM I HCP and a “low-pH” HCP (CEM I cement + silica fume + fly ashe). The latter is especially developed for the geological disposal application in order to reduce the alkaline plume towards the host-rock. Two experimental devices are created: first, the HCP is immerged in a COX pore solution. The conditions are in agreement with the clayey environment chemistry (high pCO2, carbonates and sulfates concentrations, neutral pH…). The tests are carried out at 25°C, over several months (up to 10). The second device allows the clayey rock containment in contact with a HCP at 20°C and 50°C, over several months (up to 12). The materials are saturated: only diffusion controls the soluble species exchanges. All the results obtained show that the CEM I HCP presents decalcification, carbonation and ettringite precipitation; where as the “low-pH” HCP undergoes decalcification, ettringite dissolution and silicate magnesium hydrates formation (M-S-H). When a CEM I HCP is immerged in the COX solution: a calcite crust formation is observed on the external surface, which slows down (clogging) the alteration front progression (100 µm after 10 months). When the same material is put in contact with the COX argillite, a much stronger degradation is observed (1 mm depth after 1 year), inducing porosity opening in the degraded zone layer (no clogging, low carbonation). In this last configuration, at 20°C as well as at 50°C, the alteration front evolution is proportional to the interaction duration. The argillite presents illitisation (due to KOH diffusion from the cement HCP). This mechanism releases silicon and induces C-S-H precipitation with a low CaO/SiO2 ratio (0. 8) at the interface. When the “low-pH” HCP is immerged in the COX solution, a total deconstruction linked to the C-S-H decalcification is observed (low CaO/SiO2 ratio ≈ 0. 8), leading to the formation of amorphous silica. Carbonation has occurred as well as decalcification (calcite precipitation), but its effect is not pronounced enough to lead to clogging (as observed for CEM I HCP). An important capillary pore network is formed. The alteration front evolves as a function of the square root of time (1. 5 mm after 5 months). When the same material is put in contact with the COX argillite (or bentonite), a lower alteration is observed, with the M-S-H formation at the interface. The liberated calcium during the decalcification (C-S-H + ettringite) diffuses towards the clayey material and is substituted to the sodium in the montmorillonite interlayer: no illitisation was identified. The altered zone thicknesses, from both sides from the interface, do not exceed a few hundred microns after 1 year. The reactive transport code (HYTEC) is used to describe the experiments detailed above. It allows reproducing all the mechanisms observed experimentally and then estimating the exchange of all soluble species. These simulations have mainly allowed to validate the experimental assumptions concerning the silicon diffusion from the argillite to the CEM I HCP linked to the illitisation, source of C-S-H precipitation at the interface
Elkhaldi, Imane. "Effets de la composition des liants bas carbone sur l'hydratation et la durabilité des bétons : vers un indicateur de performance en lien avec l'empreinte carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0007.
Full textThe use of low-carbon concrete has now become a necessity leading to changes inthe standards governing concrete (EN 206) and cement (EN 197). The use of so-called “lowcarbon” cements is therefore made possible(CEM II/C-M and CEM VI). The work presented focuses on the evolution of the microstructure,mechanical strength and durability of low-carboncement-based concretes, in particular clinkerslag-limestone ternary mixtures (K-S-LL). An indicator is proposed to characterize the carbon footprint of concrete and its durability with respect to corrosion induced by carbonation.The results of this work demonstrate the important role of the reactive additions inreducing the carbon cost of the binders while maintaining good mechanical properties. Amodel allowing the prediction of the service life of the coating as a function of the properties of the cement materials is adapted to our problem.Concretes based on ternary cements have advantageous CO2/ddv ratios associated with a high corrosion propagation time compared with concretes based on portland cement. However,consideration of the carbonation effect on electrical resistivity influences the observed trends
Delsol, Céline. "Perspectives d'emploi en génie civil des cendres volantes de centrales thermiques équipées de systèmes de désulfuration primaire." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0024.
Full textMinoux, Marie Agnès. "Cendres volantes et microcendres : procédés d'obtention. Conséquences physiques et chimiques sur le système microcendres-ciments-eau." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0054.
Full textAchour, Taoufik. "Étude de l’influence de la nature des granulats sur les propriétés des bétons hydrauliques : cas des granulats calcaires tunisiens." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10105/document.
Full textThis study concerns the Tunisian granular resources, of limestone type, in the hydraulic mixtures. The used materials outcoming from the careers of Aïn Tebournouk, Nahli, Jbel Ressas, El Haoureb, Jradou and Tahent which have to feed the principal centers of consumption of the area of Tunis and the coastal zone of Center-East. The analyzed properties are the compressive and the tensile strengths and the elastic modulus. The recent models of the French LCPC were used to predict these properties. They do not always give satisfactory results, in particular if the mixtures are rich in fine elements, as it is often the case of the aggregates outcoming from careers. The mortars, micro-concretes and concretes carried out within the framework of this study made it possible to propose an extension of these models. For the compressive strength, the bond coefficient was associated with the content of fillers aggregates. The assumption is that the presence of these fine elements, of comparable nature that the aggregates, improves adherence paste and aggregate, thanks to bringing together the properties of rigidity of the two materials. For the tensile strength, a model describes by a hyperbolic law made it possible to provide a physical interpretation to the tensile strength behavior of the hydraulic mixtures. Its parameters are linked to the aggregate strength and cohesion in the paste-aggregate transition zone. Finally for the elastic modulus, the use of the model of the LCPC, which takes into account the properties of the granular phase and the binding phase, made it possible to reach the modulus of elasticity of some aggregates
Jacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Bigas, Jean-Philippe. "La diffusion des ions chlore dans les mortiers." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0046.
Full textJacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123/document.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Abidar, Abdellatif. "Etude des mécanismes de régénération de l'hydraulicité de bétons recyclés dans le cadre d'une approche économie circulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2039.
Full textConcrete, widely used in construction, is essential to modern society. However, as buildings reach the end of their life cycle, demolition becomes inevitable, contributing to the annual accumulation of concrete debris. This situation presents a major challenge in construction waste management. Faced with this reality, concrete recycling emerges as a necessity. This approach not only reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills but also preserves natural resources, promoting sustainable construction.This thesis is part of a research project focused on concrete recycling from a circular economy perspective. It offers an in-depth study of the regeneration of hydraulic properties of cementitious materials, aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms of this regeneration. This analysis is performed in three distinct stages. Initially, we examined a pure phase of C3S, followed by an intermediate phase using Portland cement, concluding with a study on recycled concretes from returns and demolitions.We propose a process based on the thermal treatment of powders derived from crushing cementitious materials, conducted at low temperatures ranging from 400°C to 800°C. To understand the mechanisms of hydraulicity regeneration, characterization techniques such as TGA, FTIR, 29Si-NMR, and XRD with the Rietveld method (TOPAS V6) were employed.Thermal treatments applied to various phases from 600°C revealed the formation of belite. Specifically, the β-C2S polymorph formed in the case of the pure phase, while the α'-C2S and β-C2S polymorphs formed in the case of Portland cement paste. Thermal treatments applied to returns and demolition concretes revealed similar mechanisms, with belite formation observed from 700°C onwards. These findings were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 29Si-NMR spectroscopy, the latter also showing complete decomposition of C-S-H at 600°C, leading to belite formation. The regenerated phases exhibit high reactivity, likely due to the strong reactivity of lime produced during thermal treatments. Consequently, almost all formed belite was consumed after 28 days of hydration. Binders obtained at temperatures between 600 and 800°C led to the reformation of hydrates such as C-S-H, Portlandite, and Ettringite.Mortars made with 100% binders from thermal treatments applied to cement pastes exceeded 16 MPa in compression after 90 days and could reach over 30 MPa when replaced by 40% CEM I, despite their high water demand. Conversely, mortars composed of 100% binders from concrete do not exceed 4 MPa in compression after 90 days but can reach over 20 MPa in compression and 5 MPa in flexion when replaced by 40% CEM I
Kchakech, Badreddine. "Étude de l’influence de l’échauffement subi par un béton sur le risque d’expansions associées à la Réaction Sulfatique Interne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1101/document.
Full textDelayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) is an internal swelling reaction that can affect concretes heated at a temperature higher than about 65°C. This phenomenon is related to a late formation of a normal hydrate (ettringite) of cement inducing crystallization pressure and significant expansions. This late formation of ettringite may affect concretes exposed to high temperatures at early age; it may be the case of precast elements, and massive concrete parts heated due to cement hydration (combination of the exothermic hydration and the low heat transfer conditions). Late in service exposure to high temperatures (fire, radioactive waste depositories and parts of structures of power plant) correspond to another situation that can induce expansion generated by DEF. In most cases, DEF leads to concrete swelling, cracking, decrease of the mechanical properties of the affected materials and thus potential problems in terms of serviceability and bearing capacity of the affected structures. The objectives of this study are to quantify and predict the relation between thermal history and swelling characteristics (magnitude and kinetics) in order to propose recommendations for prevention of DEF (A critical condition for the development of this reaction consists in the temperature increase at early age. Thus, temperature limitation is recommended as one of the most efficient ways to avoid DEF expansions), and for assessment and repair of structures affected by this pathology. For numerical tools, such as RGIB module of the CESAR-LCPC F.E. software, which allow to re-assess the structures affected by this phenomenon, this research aims to validate, or improve, or develop a coupling law giving the expansion induced by DEF depending on a thermal history at early age or on mature concrete. The investigations carried out were focused on the effect of temperature and curing duration of early age heat treatments on the risk of developing expansion. They also included effect of late heat treatments which correspond to scarce data in the literature. The experiments were performed on concrete specimens, using a sulfate, aluminate and alkali-rich cement, aiming to quantify the expansion magnitudes and kinetics due to different thermal histories and to identify the existence of an eventual pessimum effect with respect to the thermal energy, as mentioned in the literature. A number of heat treatments at 61, 66, 71, 81 and 86°C were applied for durations from 1 to 28 days. Monitoring of the specimens dimensions allowed identifying a pessimum effect with respect to the thermal curing duration. The swelling characteristics (magnitude and kinetics) have been quantified, using a mathematical relation, and compared to thermal histories applied to determine a link between thermal history and swelling. The relevance of the concept of ‘effective thermal energy' associated with the integral of the temperature as a function of time beyond a threshold value corresponding to the destabilization of ettringite was demonstrated by the identification of master curves. A consistent interpretation of the results of expansions (kinetics and magnitudes) and effects on the mechanical properties according to different thermal histories, has been proposed in connection with the law for predicting expansions
El, boukhari Mohamed. "« Analyse expérimentale du comportement mécanique et thermiqued'un béton et d'un mortier allégés par des grignons d'olives : Application au bâtiment »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS040.
Full textThe management of agricultural waste and the promotion of sustainable building materials offer many considerable benefits. By integrating sustainable practices into the construction sector, we have the ability to reduce our ecological footprint by limiting the excessive exploitation of natural resources. The research conducted in this study aims to develop a lightweight structural concrete and cement mortar using organic olive pomace aggregates. Two types of aggregates were used, depending on whether they were mixed with or without olive mill wastewater. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of lightened concrete and mortar specimens in comparison with ordinary concrete and mortar specimens. They were prepared using dry and saturated olive pomace aggregates, with a percentage substitution of natural sand ranging from 0% to 15%. The results showed that the optimal formulation for producing lightweight concrete consists of 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. This formulation offers better mechanical properties, including a compressive strength of 25 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa, and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa. Additionally, the resulting material has a reduced dry bulk density, leading to a decrease of approximately 5.69% compared to the reference concrete. For cement mortar, the best results were obtained with a mixture containing 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. The results showed a marginal effect on compressive strength (Rc), reaching 33.50 MPa after 28 days of curing. However, for both concrete and mortar, microstructural analysis revealed weak adhesion between olive pomace aggregates and the cement matrix at the Interfacial Transition Zone. Experimental tests also showed that increasing the content of olive pomace aggregates reduces the ultrasound propagation velocity and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete and mortar, as well as their workability, while increasing their porosity.As regards the thermal properties of the developed materials, the incorporation of olive pomace aggregates led to an improvement in thermal resistance. In the case of lightweight concrete with 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.3 W/m·K (for the control specimen) to 0.86 W/m·K. In the case of cement mortar containing 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.1 W/m·K (control specimen) to 0.87 W/m·K. In conclusion, this study revealed that the materials developed and tested under laboratory conditions meet the required standards for general use in construction
Breilly, Damien. "Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Full textThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Astier-Simon, Sophie. "Contribution de la géochimie à l'étude des matériaux. Application de traceurs (éléments majeurs, traces et isotopes du strontium) à l'étude de la protection et de la durabilité des pierres calcaires et des bétons." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20107.
Full textCostantine, Georges. "EOPEBEC - Etude et optimisation des performances énergétiques d’une enveloppe en béton de chanvre pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS015/document.
Full textIn a context of global warming and planned end of fossil fuels, the construction industry aims to reduce by 38% its energy consumption and to achieve 10% of bio-based materials used in construction in 2020. Thus, the hemp concrete can play a major role thanks to its positive environmental impact and its hygrothermal properties that allow it to ensure a role of heat damper and comfort stabilizer. Or hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete throughout the building is little discussed in the literature and never for commercial buildings. The main objective of this project is to fill this gap by studying and optimizing the energy performance of a hemp concrete building designed for offices and / or classrooms. To ensure inside thermal comfort, different technical solutions will be coupled to the building and compared with each other: - A double flow thermodynamical ventilation combining a heat pump with a double flow central. - A simple flow ventilation associated to a pipe system which recovers heat from the basement to preheat ventilation air in winter and cool in the summer. - A double flow ventilation associated to a Canadian well. Through computer simulation and measurements made initially at the level of components, it will be possible to evaluate the potential of each component on the energy and hygrothermal comfort of commercial buildings mainly integrating the project boundary Grand Campus Reims but also can be extended to other French specificity climates
Balayssac, Jean-Paul. "Relations entre performances mécaniques, microstructure et durabilité des bétons." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0010.
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